Python wrapper: thread safe recipe (#882)

Ensure that errors in Python callbacks that are called from multithreaded C++ code propogate the correct Python error back to the parent Python callback site, and that no callbacks are called from other threads if an error has already ocurred.
- protects each recipe callback with a mutex, stores python exception, catches and throws python exception if occured
- methods calling recipe (in simulation and partition_load_balance) are protected as well by try catch, resets and rethrows python exception (if occured) or else throws C++ exception

fixes #792