diff --git a/packages/npm/package.py b/packages/npm/package.py
index 3910a0142e09b788b947e484b3280ba4104ba35b..0d6480f210428b035fb54eff79d7e8416e2dd399 100644
--- a/packages/npm/package.py
+++ b/packages/npm/package.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+# Copyright 2013-2023 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
 # Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -9,20 +9,50 @@ import shutil
 from spack.package import *
 
 
-# NOTE: not actually an Autotools package
 class Npm(Package):
     """npm: A package manager for javascript."""
 
     homepage = "https://github.com/npm/cli"
     # base https://www.npmjs.com/
-    url = "https://registry.npmjs.org/npm/-/npm-6.13.4.tgz"
 
-    version("6.14.9", sha256="1e0e880ce0d5adf0120fb3f92fc8e5ea5bac73681d37282615d074ff670f7703")
-    version("6.14.8", sha256="fe8e873cb606c06f67f666b4725eb9122c8927f677c8c0baf1477f0ff81f5a2c")
-    version("6.13.7", sha256="6adf71c198d61a5790cf0e057f4ab72c6ef6c345d72bed8bb7212cb9db969494")
-    version("6.13.4", sha256="a063290bd5fa06a8753de14169b7b243750432f42d01213fbd699e6b85916de7")
-    version("3.10.9", sha256="fb0871b1aebf4b74717a72289fade356aedca83ee54e7386e38cb51874501dd6")
-    version("3.10.5", sha256="ff019769e186152098841c1fa6325e5a79f7903a45f13bd0046a4dc8e63f845f")
+    git = "https://github.com/npm/cli.git"
+    url = "https://registry.npmjs.org/npm/-/npm-9.3.1.tgz"
+
+    version("9.3.1", sha256="41caa26a340b0562bc5429d28792049c980fe3e872b42b82cad94e8f70e37f40")
+    version("8.19.3", sha256="634bf4e0dc87be771ebf48a058629960e979a209c20a51ebdbc4897ca6a25260")
+    version("7.24.2", sha256="5b9eeea011f8bc3b76e55cc33339e87213800677f37e0756ad13ef0e9eaccd64")
+    version("6.14.18", sha256="c9b15f277e2a0b1b57e05bad04504296a27024555d56c2aa967f862e957ad2ed")
+
+    version(
+        "6.14.9",
+        sha256="1e0e880ce0d5adf0120fb3f92fc8e5ea5bac73681d37282615d074ff670f7703",
+        deprecated=True,
+    )
+    version(
+        "6.14.8",
+        sha256="fe8e873cb606c06f67f666b4725eb9122c8927f677c8c0baf1477f0ff81f5a2c",
+        deprecated=True,
+    )
+    version(
+        "6.13.7",
+        sha256="6adf71c198d61a5790cf0e057f4ab72c6ef6c345d72bed8bb7212cb9db969494",
+        deprecated=True,
+    )
+    version(
+        "6.13.4",
+        sha256="a063290bd5fa06a8753de14169b7b243750432f42d01213fbd699e6b85916de7",
+        deprecated=True,
+    )
+    version(
+        "3.10.9",
+        sha256="fb0871b1aebf4b74717a72289fade356aedca83ee54e7386e38cb51874501dd6",
+        deprecated=True,
+    )
+    version(
+        "3.10.5",
+        sha256="ff019769e186152098841c1fa6325e5a79f7903a45f13bd0046a4dc8e63f845f",
+        deprecated=True,
+    )
 
     depends_on("node-js", type=("build", "run"))
     depends_on("libvips")
@@ -35,30 +65,60 @@ class Npm(Package):
         destination="node-gyp",
         url="https://registry.npmjs.org/node-gyp/-/node-gyp-6.0.1.tgz",
         sha256="bbc0e137e17a63676efc97a0e3b1fcf101498a1c2c01c3341cd9491f248711b8",
+        when="@6",
     )
     resource(
         name="env-paths",
         destination="env-paths",
         url="https://registry.npmjs.org/env-paths/-/env-paths-2.2.0.tgz",
         sha256="168b394fbca60ea81dc84b1824466df96246b9eb4d671c2541f55f408a264b4c",
+        when="@6",
     )
 
-    phases = ["configure", "build", "install"]
-
+    @when("@6")
     def patch(self):
         shutil.rmtree("node_modules/node-gyp")
         install_tree("node-gyp/package", "node_modules/node-gyp")
         filter_file(r'"node-gyp": "\^5\..*"', '"node-gyp": "^6.0.1"', "package.json")
         install_tree("env-paths/package", "node_modules/env-paths")
 
-    def configure(self, spec, prefix):
-        configure("--prefix={0}".format(prefix))
+    @when("@:8")
+    def install(self, spec, prefix):
+        # `npm install .` doesn't work properly out of the box on npm up to 8, so we do
+        # what it would do manually. The only thing we seem to miss is docs. In
+        # particular, it will end up symlinking into the stage, which spack then
+        # deletes. You can avoid that with `npm install $(npm pack .)`, but `npm pack`
+        # also seems to fail when run from the tarball on macos. So we just copy manually.
+        to_install = [
+            "LICENSE",
+            "README.md",
+            "bin",
+            "docs",
+            "index.js",
+            "lib",
+            "node_modules",
+            "package.json",
+        ]
+
+        mkdirp(prefix.bin)
+        mkdirp(prefix.lib.node_modules.npm)
 
-    def build(self, spec, prefix):
-        make()
+        # manually install all the files above (if they exist for a particular node version)
+        for filename in to_install:
+            if os.path.exists(filename):
+                install_fn = install if os.path.isfile(filename) else install_tree
+                install_fn(filename, os.path.join(prefix.lib.node_modules.npm, filename))
 
+        # set up symlinks in bin
+        node_modules_bin = os.path.relpath(prefix.lib.node_modules.npm.bin, prefix.bin)
+        symlink(os.path.join(node_modules_bin, "npm-cli.js"), prefix.bin.npm)
+        symlink(os.path.join(node_modules_bin, "npx-cli.js"), prefix.bin.npx)
+
+    @when("@9:")
     def install(self, spec, prefix):
-        make("install")
+        # in npm 9, `npm install .` finally works within the repo, so we can just call it.
+        node = which("node", required=True)
+        node("bin/npm-cli.js", "install", "-ddd", "--global", f"--prefix={prefix}", ".")
 
     def setup_dependent_build_environment(self, env, dependent_spec):
         npm_config_cache_dir = "%s/npm-cache" % dependent_spec.prefix
@@ -68,6 +128,4 @@ class Npm(Package):
 
     def setup_dependent_run_environment(self, env, dependent_spec):
         npm_config_cache_dir = "%s/npm-cache" % dependent_spec.prefix
-        if not os.path.isdir(npm_config_cache_dir):
-            mkdirp(npm_config_cache_dir)
         env.set("npm_config_cache", npm_config_cache_dir)