diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index ff2696ed75fe48bd54e9d654d2c139a2d9fa1c6b..bb33902710fc3380c0725dbfb5575ce964424603 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -53,18 +53,9 @@ Makefile
 # mechanism implementations generated my modparser
 include/mechanisms
 
-# external build stuff
-external/bin
-external/modparser-build
-external/modparser-configure
-external/modparser-done
-external/modparser-download
-external/modparser-install
-external/modparser-mkdir
-external/modparser-patch
-external/modparser-update
-external/tmp
-mechanisms/*.hpp
+# mechanisms generated from .mod files
+mechanisms/multicore/*.hpp
+mechanisms/gpu/*.hpp
 
 # build path
 build*
diff --git a/.gitmodules b/.gitmodules
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
diff --git a/.ycm_extra_conf.py b/.ycm_extra_conf.py
index 9033c063eb811ac190125cd94e6babcfa5518612..37abca70e26167b5e44a355bb9eb4ab929d8a6a1 100644
--- a/.ycm_extra_conf.py
+++ b/.ycm_extra_conf.py
@@ -50,17 +50,13 @@ flags = [
     'external',
     '-I',
     'miniapp',
-#    '-isystem',
-#    '/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.10.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1',
-#    '-I',
-#    '/usr/include/c++/4.9.2',
-#    '-isystem',
-#    '/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/include'
-#    '-isystem',
-#    '/usr/local/include',
+    '-I',
+    'modcc',
+    '-I',
+    '/cm/shared/apps/cuda/8.0.44/include',
+    '-DWITH_CUDA'
 ]
- 
- 
+
 # Set this to the absolute path to the folder (NOT the file!) containing the
 # compile_commands.json file to use that instead of 'flags'. See here for
 # more details: http://clang.llvm.org/docs/JSONCompilationDatabase.html
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index dfec55acac34c674feffdd5d7dad7e3768bd12db..aa4d627a29caef0aaabd661c585642a36eea3915 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ if(WITH_TRACE)
     add_definitions("-DWITH_TRACE")
 endif()
 
+# list of libraries to be linked against targets
+set(EXTERNAL_LIBRARIES "")
+
 #threading model selection
 set(THREADING_MODEL "serial" CACHE STRING "set the threading model, one of serial/tbb/omp")
 if(THREADING_MODEL MATCHES "tbb")
@@ -38,6 +41,7 @@ if(THREADING_MODEL MATCHES "tbb")
     find_package(TBB REQUIRED)
     set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${TBB_DEFINITIONS}")
     add_definitions(-DWITH_TBB)
+    list(APPEND EXTERNAL_LIBRARIES ${TBB_LIBRARIES})
 
 elseif(THREADING_MODEL MATCHES "omp")
     # OpenMP support
@@ -47,9 +51,41 @@ elseif(THREADING_MODEL MATCHES "omp")
 
 elseif(THREADING_MODEL MATCHES "serial")
     #setup previously done
-   
+
 else()
     message( FATAL_ERROR "-- Threading model '${THREADING_MODEL}' not supported, use one of serial/tbb/omp")
+
+endif()
+
+# libunwind for pretty printing stack traces
+find_package(Unwind)
+if(UNWIND_FOUND)
+    add_definitions(-DWITH_UNWIND)
+    include_directories(${UNWIND_INCLUDE_DIR})
+    list(APPEND EXTERNAL_LIBRARIES ${UNWIND_LIBRARIES})
+endif()
+
+# CUDA support
+set(WITH_CUDA OFF CACHE BOOL "use CUDA for GPU offload" )
+if(WITH_CUDA)
+    find_package(CUDA REQUIRED)
+
+    # Turn off annoying and incorrect warnings generated in the JSON file.
+    # We also work around the same issue with the intel compiler.
+    set(CUDA_NVCC_FLAGS ${CUDA_NVCC_FLAGS};-Xcudafe \"--diag_suppress=not_used_in_template_function_params\";-Xcudafe \"--diag_suppress=cast_to_qualified_type\")
+
+    # set the CUDA target specfic flags
+    # code regions protected by WITH_CUDA should only be available to the CUDA
+    # compiler, which regions protected by WITH_GPU are visible to both host
+    # and device compiler when targetting GPU.
+    set(CUDA_NVCC_FLAGS ${CUDA_NVCC_FLAGS};-DWITH_CUDA)
+    set(CUDA_NVCC_FLAGS ${CUDA_NVCC_FLAGS};-DWITH_GPU)
+    set(CUDA_NVCC_FLAGS ${CUDA_NVCC_FLAGS};-arch=sm_35)
+    #set(CUDA_NVCC_FLAGS ${CUDA_NVCC_FLAGS};-arch=sm_60)
+
+    add_definitions(-DWITH_GPU)
+    include_directories(SYSTEM ${CUDA_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+    list(APPEND EXTERNAL_LIBRARIES ${CUDA_LIBRARIES})
 endif()
 
 # MPI support
@@ -63,15 +99,12 @@ if(WITH_MPI)
     set_property(DIRECTORY APPEND_STRING PROPERTY COMPILE_OPTIONS "${MPI_C_COMPILE_FLAGS}")
 endif()
 
-
 # Internal profiler support
 set(WITH_PROFILING OFF CACHE BOOL "use built-in profiling of miniapp" )
 if(WITH_PROFILING)
     add_definitions(-DWITH_PROFILING)
 endif()
 
-
-
 # Cray systems
 set(SYSTEM_CRAY OFF CACHE BOOL "add flags for compilation on Cray systems")
 if(SYSTEM_CRAY)
@@ -131,9 +164,7 @@ else()
     set(BUILD_NRN_VALIDATION_DATA TRUE)
 endif()
 
-
-include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/tclap/include)
-include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/vector)
+include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/tclap)
 include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
 include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src)
 include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/miniapp)
diff --git a/cmake/FindUnwind.cmake b/cmake/FindUnwind.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8d11fb255b0f43070912002ae61015658fe6a440
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/FindUnwind.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Find the libunwind library
+#
+#  UNWIND_FOUND       - True if libunwind was found
+#  UNWIND_LIBRARIES   - The libraries needed to use libunwind
+#  UNWIND_INCLUDE_DIR - Location of unwind.h and libunwind.h
+#
+# The environment and cmake variables UNWIND_ROOT and UNWIND_ROOT_DIR
+# respectively can be used to help CMake finding the library if it
+# is not installed in any of the usual locations.
+
+if(NOT UNWIND_FOUND)
+    set(UNWIND_SEARCH_DIR ${UNWIND_ROOT_DIR} $ENV{UNWIND_ROOT})
+
+    find_path(UNWIND_INCLUDE_DIR libunwind.h
+        HINTS ${UNWIND_SEARCH_DIR}
+        PATH_SUFFIXES include
+    )
+
+    # libunwind requires that we link agains both libunwind.so/a and a
+    # a target-specific library libunwind-target.so/a.
+    # This code sets the "target" string above in libunwind_arch.
+    if (CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "^arm")
+        set(libunwind_arch "arm")
+    elseif (CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR STREQUAL "x86_64" OR CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR STREQUAL "amd64")
+        set(libunwind_arch "x86_64")
+    elseif (CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "^i.86$")
+        set(libunwind_arch "x86")
+    endif()
+
+    find_library(unwind_library_generic unwind
+        HINTS ${UNWIND_SEARCH_DIR}
+        PATH_SUFFIXES lib64 lib
+    )
+
+    find_library(unwind_library_target unwind-${libunwind_arch}
+        HINTS ${UNWIND_SEARCH_DIR}
+        PATH_SUFFIXES lib64 lib
+    )
+
+    set(UNWIND_LIBRARIES ${unwind_library_generic} ${unwind_library_target})
+
+    mark_as_advanced(UNWIND_LIBRARIES UNWIND_INCLUDE_DIR)
+
+    unset(unwind_search_dir)
+    unset(unwind_library_generic)
+    unset(unwind_library_target)
+    unset(libunwind_arch)
+endif()
diff --git a/mechanisms/CMakeLists.txt b/mechanisms/CMakeLists.txt
index 819518b220bfdc6481eda2f5a7067492f013af0f..6adde6a6b304bc58cff5530dc9d8709adb312ef4 100644
--- a/mechanisms/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/mechanisms/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ set(mechanisms pas hh expsyn exp2syn)
 # set the flags for the modcc compiler that converts NMODL
 # files to C++/CUDA source.
 set(modcc_flags "-t cpu")
+
 if(USE_OPTIMIZED_KERNELS) # generate optimized kernels
     set(modcc_flags ${modcc_flags} -O)
 endif()
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ endif()
 # generate source for each mechanism
 foreach(mech ${mechanisms})
     set(mod "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/mod/${mech}.mod")
-    set(hpp "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${mech}.hpp")
+    set(hpp "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/multicore/${mech}.hpp")
     if(use_external_modcc)
         add_custom_command(
            OUTPUT "${hpp}"
@@ -33,3 +34,38 @@ endforeach()
 # Fake target to always trigger .mod -> .hpp dependencies because wtf CMake
 add_custom_target(build_all_mods DEPENDS ${all_mod_hpps} modcc)
 
+# oh sweet jesus, CMake is a dog's breakfast.
+# that said, let'g go through the same dance to generate CUDA kernels if
+# we are targetting the GPU.
+if(WITH_CUDA)
+    set(modcc_flags "-t gpu")
+
+    if(USE_OPTIMIZED_KERNELS)
+        set(modcc_flags ${modcc_flags} -O)
+    endif()
+
+    # generate source for each mechanism
+    foreach(mech ${mechanisms})
+        set(mod "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/mod/${mech}.mod")
+        set(hpp "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/gpu/${mech}.hpp")
+        if(use_external_modcc)
+            add_custom_command(
+               OUTPUT "${hpp}"
+               WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}"
+               COMMAND ${modcc} ${modcc_flags} ${mod} -o ${hpp}
+           )
+        else()
+            add_custom_command(
+                OUTPUT "${hpp}"
+                DEPENDS modparser "${mod}"
+                WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}"
+                COMMAND ${modcc} ${modcc_flags} ${mod} -o ${hpp}
+            )
+        endif()
+        set_source_files_properties("${hpp}" PROPERTIES GENERATED TRUE)
+        list(APPEND all_gpu_mod_hpps "${hpp}")
+    endforeach()
+
+    # Fake target to always trigger .mod -> .hpp dependencies because wtf CMake
+    add_custom_target(build_all_gpu_mods DEPENDS ${all_gpu_mod_hpps} modcc)
+endif()
diff --git a/mechanisms/generate.sh b/mechanisms/generate.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 89dfd5e277f9811bd91cdc363a61f41a1e81b706..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/mechanisms/generate.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-#flags="-t cpu -O"
-flags="-t cpu"
-
-for mech in pas hh expsyn
-do
-    echo ../external/modparser/bin/modcc ${flags} -o ../include/mechanisms/$mech.hpp ./mod/$mech.mod
-    ../external/modparser/bin/modcc ${flags} -o ../include/mechanisms/$mech.hpp ./mod/$mech.mod
-done
diff --git a/miniapp/CMakeLists.txt b/miniapp/CMakeLists.txt
index 682adefe1d04b057cb330dc9468485b276b797b2..73fecd73321a2686c0f76b31a4c35d135043cc46 100644
--- a/miniapp/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/miniapp/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,15 +1,25 @@
 set(HEADERS
 )
 set(MINIAPP_SOURCES
-    io.cpp
     miniapp.cpp
+    io.cpp
+    miniapp_recipes.cpp
+)
+set(MINIAPP_SOURCES_CUDA
+    miniapp.cu
+    io.cpp
     miniapp_recipes.cpp
 )
 
-add_executable(miniapp.exe ${MINIAPP_SOURCES} ${HEADERS})
+if(WITH_CUDA)
+    cuda_add_executable(miniapp.exe ${MINIAPP_SOURCES_CUDA} ${HEADERS})
+    target_link_libraries(miniapp.exe LINK_PUBLIC gpu)
+else()
+    add_executable(miniapp.exe ${MINIAPP_SOURCES} ${HEADERS})
+endif()
 
-target_link_libraries(miniapp.exe LINK_PUBLIC cellalgo)
-target_link_libraries(miniapp.exe LINK_PUBLIC ${TBB_LIBRARIES})
+target_link_libraries(miniapp.exe LINK_PUBLIC nestmc)
+target_link_libraries(miniapp.exe LINK_PUBLIC ${EXTERNAL_LIBRARIES})
 
 if(WITH_MPI)
     target_link_libraries(miniapp.exe LINK_PUBLIC ${MPI_C_LIBRARIES})
diff --git a/miniapp/miniapp.cpp b/miniapp/miniapp.cpp
index 9ee0a6aa418dc8ee828c4f544f8d62c6e3d73211..64a009af1779af817275da51f6e6d41e6eaf1f5c 100644
--- a/miniapp/miniapp.cpp
+++ b/miniapp/miniapp.cpp
@@ -7,16 +7,17 @@
 
 #include <json/json.hpp>
 
+#include <backends/fvm.hpp>
 #include <common_types.hpp>
-#include <cell.hpp>
 #include <communication/communicator.hpp>
 #include <communication/global_policy.hpp>
+#include <cell.hpp>
 #include <fvm_multicell.hpp>
 #include <io/exporter_spike_file.hpp>
-#include <mechanism_catalogue.hpp>
 #include <model.hpp>
 #include <profiling/profiler.hpp>
 #include <threading/threading.hpp>
+#include <util/debug.hpp>
 #include <util/ioutil.hpp>
 #include <util/nop.hpp>
 #include <util/optional.hpp>
@@ -28,17 +29,19 @@
 using namespace nest::mc;
 
 using global_policy = communication::global_policy;
-using lowered_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<double, cell_local_size_type>;
-//using lowered_cell = fvm::fvm_cell<double, cell_local_size_type>;
+#ifdef WITH_CUDA
+using lowered_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<gpu::backend>;
+#else
+using lowered_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<multicore::backend>;
+#endif
 using model_type = model<lowered_cell>;
-using time_type = model_type::time_type;
-using sample_trace_type = sample_trace<time_type, model_type::value_type>;
-using file_export_type = io::exporter_spike_file<time_type, global_policy>;
+using sample_trace_type = sample_trace<model_type::time_type, model_type::value_type>;
+using file_export_type = io::exporter_spike_file<model_type::time_type, global_policy>;
 void banner();
 std::unique_ptr<recipe> make_recipe(const io::cl_options&, const probe_distribution&);
 std::unique_ptr<sample_trace_type> make_trace(cell_member_type probe_id, probe_spec probe);
 std::pair<cell_gid_type, cell_gid_type> distribute_cells(cell_size_type ncells);
-using communicator_type = communication::communicator<time_type, communication::global_policy>;
+using communicator_type = communication::communicator<model_type::time_type, communication::global_policy>;
 using spike_type = typename communicator_type::spike_type;
 
 void write_trace_json(const sample_trace_type& trace, const std::string& prefix = "trace_");
@@ -84,7 +87,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
                     options.file_extension, options.over_write);
         };
 
-        // File output is depending on the input arguments
+        // File output depends on the input arguments
         std::unique_ptr<file_export_type> file_exporter;
         if (options.spike_file_output) {
             if (options.single_file_per_rank) {
@@ -128,7 +131,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
 
         // reset the model
         m.reset();
-        // rest the source spikes
+        // reset the source spikes
         for (auto source : local_sources) {
             m.add_artificial_spike({source, 0});
         }
@@ -178,6 +181,11 @@ void banner() {
     std::cout << "  starting miniapp\n";
     std::cout << "  - " << threading::description() << " threading support\n";
     std::cout << "  - communication policy: " << global_policy::name() << "\n";
+#ifdef WITH_CUDA
+    std::cout << "  - gpu support: on\n";
+#else
+    std::cout << "  - gpu support: off\n";
+#endif
     std::cout << "====================\n";
 }
 
diff --git a/miniapp/miniapp.cu b/miniapp/miniapp.cu
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..53bd563e4c7b3d43e43f79fb15957f3fd4723513
--- /dev/null
+++ b/miniapp/miniapp.cu
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#include "miniapp.cpp"
diff --git a/modcc/cprinter.cpp b/modcc/cprinter.cpp
index cf4b3d93afbcab6847732cea15629c47642de29f..d6b1e5370083637c3d34d9a12d40c6535856b31d 100644
--- a/modcc/cprinter.cpp
+++ b/modcc/cprinter.cpp
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ CPrinter::CPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
     text_.add_line("#include <limits>");
     text_.add_line();
     text_.add_line("#include <mechanism.hpp>");
-    text_.add_line("#include <mechanism_interface.hpp>");
     text_.add_line("#include <algorithms.hpp>");
+    text_.add_line("#include <util/pprintf.hpp>");
     text_.add_line();
 
     //////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -44,18 +44,19 @@ CPrinter::CPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
 
     text_.add_line("namespace nest{ namespace mc{ namespace mechanisms{ namespace " + m.name() + "{");
     text_.add_line();
-    text_.add_line("template<typename T, typename I>");
-    text_.add_line("class " + class_name + " : public mechanism<T, I> {");
+    text_.add_line("template<class Backend>");
+    text_.add_line("class " + class_name + " : public mechanism<Backend> {");
     text_.add_line("public:");
     text_.increase_indentation();
-    text_.add_line("using base = mechanism<T, I>;");
+    text_.add_line("using base = mechanism<Backend>;");
     text_.add_line("using value_type  = typename base::value_type;");
     text_.add_line("using size_type   = typename base::size_type;");
-    text_.add_line("using vector_type = typename base::vector_type;");
-    text_.add_line("using view_type   = typename base::view_type;");
-    text_.add_line("using index_type  = typename base::index_type;");
-    text_.add_line("using index_view  = typename base::index_view;");
-    text_.add_line("using const_index_view  = typename base::const_index_view;");
+    text_.add_line();
+    text_.add_line("using array = typename base::array;");
+    text_.add_line("using iarray  = typename base::iarray;");
+    text_.add_line("using view   = typename base::view;");
+    text_.add_line("using iview  = typename base::iview;");
+    text_.add_line("using const_iview = typename base::const_iview;");
     text_.add_line("using indexed_view_type= typename base::indexed_view_type;");
     text_.add_line("using ion_type = typename base::ion_type;");
     text_.add_line();
@@ -67,12 +68,12 @@ CPrinter::CPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
         text_.add_line("struct " + tname + " {");
         text_.increase_indentation();
         for(auto& field : ion.read) {
-            text_.add_line("view_type " + field.spelling + ";");
+            text_.add_line("view " + field.spelling + ";");
         }
         for(auto& field : ion.write) {
-            text_.add_line("view_type " + field.spelling + ";");
+            text_.add_line("view " + field.spelling + ";");
         }
-        text_.add_line("index_type index;");
+        text_.add_line("iarray index;");
         text_.add_line("std::size_t memory() const { return sizeof(size_type)*index.size(); }");
         text_.add_line("std::size_t size() const { return index.size(); }");
         text_.decrease_indentation();
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ CPrinter::CPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
     // constructor
     //////////////////////////////////////////////
     int num_vars = array_variables.size();
-    text_.add_line(class_name + "(view_type vec_v, view_type vec_i, const_index_view node_index)");
+    text_.add_line(class_name + "(view vec_v, view vec_i, const_iview node_index)");
     text_.add_line(":   base(vec_v, vec_i, node_index)");
     text_.add_line("{");
     text_.increase_indentation();
@@ -102,8 +103,7 @@ CPrinter::CPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
 
     text_.add_line();
     text_.add_line("// allocate memory");
-    text_.add_line("data_ = vector_type(field_size * num_fields);");
-    text_.add_line("data_(memory::all) = std::numeric_limits<value_type>::quiet_NaN();");
+    text_.add_line("data_ = array(field_size*num_fields, std::numeric_limits<value_type>::quiet_NaN());");
 
     // assign the sub-arrays
     // replace this : data_(1*n, 2*n);
@@ -254,14 +254,14 @@ CPrinter::CPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
         ) return true;
         return false;
     };
-    text_.add_line("void set_ion(ionKind k, ion_type& i) override {");
+    text_.add_line("void set_ion(ionKind k, ion_type& i, std::vector<size_type>const& index) override {");
     text_.increase_indentation();
     text_.add_line("using nest::mc::algorithms::index_into;");
     if(has_ion(ionKind::Na)) {
         auto ion = find_ion(ionKind::Na);
         text_.add_line("if(k==ionKind::na) {");
         text_.increase_indentation();
-        text_.add_line("ion_na.index = index_into(i.node_index(), node_index_);");
+        text_.add_line("ion_na.index = iarray(memory::make_const_view(index));");
         if(has_variable(*ion, "ina")) text_.add_line("ion_na.ina = i.current();");
         if(has_variable(*ion, "ena")) text_.add_line("ion_na.ena = i.reversal_potential();");
         if(has_variable(*ion, "nai")) text_.add_line("ion_na.nai = i.internal_concentration();");
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ CPrinter::CPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
         auto ion = find_ion(ionKind::Ca);
         text_.add_line("if(k==ionKind::ca) {");
         text_.increase_indentation();
-        text_.add_line("ion_ca.index = index_into(i.node_index(), node_index_);");
+        text_.add_line("ion_ca.index = iarray(memory::make_const_view(index));");
         if(has_variable(*ion, "ica")) text_.add_line("ion_ca.ica = i.current();");
         if(has_variable(*ion, "eca")) text_.add_line("ion_ca.eca = i.reversal_potential();");
         if(has_variable(*ion, "cai")) text_.add_line("ion_ca.cai = i.internal_concentration();");
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ CPrinter::CPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
         auto ion = find_ion(ionKind::K);
         text_.add_line("if(k==ionKind::k) {");
         text_.increase_indentation();
-        text_.add_line("ion_k.index = index_into(i.node_index(), node_index_);");
+        text_.add_line("ion_k.index = iarray(memory::make_const_view(index));");
         if(has_variable(*ion, "ik")) text_.add_line("ion_k.ik = i.current();");
         if(has_variable(*ion, "ek")) text_.add_line("ion_k.ek = i.reversal_potential();");
         if(has_variable(*ion, "ki")) text_.add_line("ion_k.ki = i.internal_concentration();");
@@ -324,15 +324,15 @@ CPrinter::CPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
     //////////////////////////////////////////////
     //////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-    text_.add_line("vector_type data_;");
+    text_.add_line("array data_;");
     for(auto var: array_variables) {
         if(optimize_) {
             text_.add_line(
-                "__declspec(align(vector_type::alignment())) value_type *"
+                "__declspec(align(array::alignment())) value_type *"
                 + var->name() + ";");
         }
         else {
-            text_.add_line("view_type " + var->name() + ";");
+            text_.add_line("view " + var->name() + ";");
         }
     }
 
@@ -356,52 +356,6 @@ CPrinter::CPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
     text_.add_line("using base::node_index_;");
 
     text_.add_line();
-    //text_.add_line("DATA_PROFILE");
-    text_.decrease_indentation();
-    text_.add_line("};");
-    text_.add_line();
-
-    // print the helper type that provides the bridge from the mechanism to
-    // the calling code
-    text_.add_line("template<typename T, typename I>");
-    text_.add_line("struct helper : public mechanism_helper<T, I> {");
-    text_.increase_indentation();
-    text_.add_line("using base = mechanism_helper<T, I>;");
-    text_.add_line("using index_view  = typename base::index_view;");
-    text_.add_line("using view_type  = typename base::view_type;");
-    text_.add_line("using mechanism_ptr_type  = typename base::mechanism_ptr_type;");
-    text_.add_gutter() << "using mechanism_type = " << class_name << "<T, I>;";
-    text_.add_line();
-    text_.add_line();
-
-    text_.add_line("std::string");
-    text_.add_line("name() const override");
-    text_.add_line("{");
-    text_.increase_indentation();
-    text_.add_gutter() << "return \"" << m.name() << "\";";
-    text_.add_line();
-    text_.decrease_indentation();
-    text_.add_line("}");
-    text_.add_line();
-
-    text_.add_line("mechanism_ptr<T,I>");
-    text_.add_line("new_mechanism(view_type vec_v, view_type vec_i, index_view node_index) const override");
-    text_.add_line("{");
-    text_.increase_indentation();
-    text_.add_line("return nest::mc::mechanisms::make_mechanism<mechanism_type>(vec_v, vec_i, node_index);");
-    text_.decrease_indentation();
-    text_.add_line("}");
-    text_.add_line();
-
-    text_.add_line("void");
-    text_.add_line("set_parameters(mechanism_ptr_type&, parameter_list const&) const override");
-    text_.add_line("{");
-    text_.increase_indentation();
-    // TODO : interface that writes parameter_list paramaters into the mechanism's storage
-    text_.decrease_indentation();
-    text_.add_line("}");
-    text_.add_line();
-
     text_.decrease_indentation();
     text_.add_line("};");
     text_.add_line();
@@ -713,7 +667,7 @@ void CPrinter::print_APIMethod_optimized(APIMethod* e) {
     text_.add_line("int NB = n_/BSIZE;");
     for(auto out: aliased_variables) {
         text_.add_line(
-            "__declspec(align(vector_type::alignment())) value_type "
+            "__declspec(align(array::alignment())) value_type "
             + out->name() +  "[BSIZE];");
     }
     //text_.add_line("START_PROFILE");
diff --git a/modcc/cudaprinter.cpp b/modcc/cudaprinter.cpp
index 3dad1b5a33e6410deb3e4f1400fd8feb1c34a834..e5103ddf3a4a78dbd0fd0db48bb8f62f7d3caa9d 100644
--- a/modcc/cudaprinter.cpp
+++ b/modcc/cudaprinter.cpp
@@ -34,11 +34,10 @@ CUDAPrinter::CUDAPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
     text_.add_line("#include <limits>");
     text_.add_line();
     text_.add_line("#include <mechanism.hpp>");
-    text_.add_line("#include <mechanism_interface.hpp>");
-    //text_.add_line("#include <gpu/util.hpp>");
+    text_.add_line("#include <algorithms.hpp>");
+    text_.add_line("#include <util/pprintf.hpp>");
     text_.add_line();
 
-
     text_.add_line("namespace nest{ namespace mc{ namespace mechanisms{ namespace gpu{ namespace " + m.name() + "{");
     text_.add_line();
     increase_indentation();
@@ -163,21 +162,23 @@ CUDAPrinter::CUDAPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
     //////////////////////////////////////////////
     std::string class_name = "mechanism_" + m.name();
 
-    text_.add_line("template<typename T, typename I>");
-    text_.add_line("class " + class_name + " : public ::nest::mc::mechanisms::gpu::mechanism<T, I> {");
-    text_.add_line("public:");
+    text_.add_line("template<typename Backend>");
+    text_.add_line("class " + class_name + " : public mechanism<Backend> {");
+    text_.add_line("public: ");
     text_.increase_indentation();
-    text_.add_line("using base = ::nest::mc::mechanisms::gpu::mechanism<T, I>;");
-    text_.add_line("using value_type  = typename base::value_type;");
-    text_.add_line("using size_type   = typename base::size_type;");
-    text_.add_line("using vector_type = typename base::vector_type;");
-    text_.add_line("using view_type   = typename base::view_type;");
-    text_.add_line("using index_type  = typename base::index_type;");
-    text_.add_line("using index_view  = typename base::index_view;");
-    text_.add_line("using const_index_view  = typename base::const_index_view;");
-    text_.add_line("using indexed_view_type= typename base::indexed_view_type;");
-    text_.add_line("using ion_type = typename base::ion_type;");
-    text_.add_line("using param_pack_type = " + m.name() + "_ParamPack<T,I>;");
+    text_.add_line("using base = mechanism<Backend>;");
+    text_.add_line("using typename base::value_type;");
+    text_.add_line("using typename base::size_type;");
+    text_.add_line("using typename base::array;");
+    text_.add_line("using typename base::view;");
+    text_.add_line("using typename base::iarray;");
+    text_.add_line("using host_iarray = typename Backend::host_iarray;");
+    text_.add_line("using typename base::iview;");
+    text_.add_line("using typename base::const_iview;");
+    text_.add_line("using typename base::const_view;");
+    text_.add_line("using typename base::indexed_view_type;");
+    text_.add_line("using typename base::ion_type;");
+    text_.add_line("using param_pack_type = " + m.name() + "_ParamPack<value_type, size_type>;");
 
     //////////////////////////////////////////////
     //////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -186,12 +187,12 @@ CUDAPrinter::CUDAPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
         text_.add_line("struct " + tname + " {");
         text_.increase_indentation();
         for(auto& field : ion.read) {
-            text_.add_line("view_type " + field.spelling + ";");
+            text_.add_line("view " + field.spelling + ";");
         }
         for(auto& field : ion.write) {
-            text_.add_line("view_type " + field.spelling + ";");
+            text_.add_line("view " + field.spelling + ";");
         }
-        text_.add_line("index_type index;");
+        text_.add_line("iarray index;");
         text_.add_line("std::size_t memory() const { return sizeof(size_type)*index.size(); }");
         text_.add_line("std::size_t size() const { return index.size(); }");
         text_.decrease_indentation();
@@ -206,9 +207,8 @@ CUDAPrinter::CUDAPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
 
     int num_vars = array_variables.size();
     text_.add_line();
-    text_.add_line("template <typename IVT>");
-    text_.add_line(class_name + "(view_type vec_v, view_type vec_i, IVT node_index) :");
-    text_.add_line("   base(vec_v, vec_i, node_index)");
+    text_.add_line(class_name + "(view vec_v, view vec_i, iarray&& node_index) :");
+    text_.add_line("   base(vec_v, vec_i, std::move(node_index))");
     text_.add_line("{");
     text_.increase_indentation();
     text_.add_gutter() << "size_type num_fields = " << num_vars << ";";
@@ -224,8 +224,7 @@ CUDAPrinter::CUDAPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
 
     text_.add_line();
     text_.add_line("// allocate memory");
-    text_.add_line("data_ = vector_type(field_size * num_fields);");
-    text_.add_line("data_(memory::all) = std::numeric_limits<value_type>::quiet_NaN();");
+    text_.add_line("data_ = array(field_size*num_fields, std::numeric_limits<value_type>::quiet_NaN());");
 
     // assign the sub-arrays
     // replace this : data_(1*n, 2*n);
@@ -246,13 +245,13 @@ CUDAPrinter::CUDAPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
         // only non-NaN fields need to be initialized, because data_
         // is NaN by default
         if(val == val) {
-            text_.add_line(var->name() + "(memory::all) = " + std::to_string(val) + ";");
+            text_.add_line("memory::fill(" + var->name() + ", " + std::to_string(val) + ");");
         }
     }
 
-    text_.add_line();
     text_.decrease_indentation();
     text_.add_line("}");
+    text_.add_line();
 
     //////////////////////////////////////////////
     //////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -366,7 +365,7 @@ CUDAPrinter::CUDAPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
      *
      **************************************************************************/
 
-    // void set_ion(ionKind k, ion_type& i) override
+    // void set_ion(ionKind k, ion_type& i, const std::vector<size_type>&) override
     //      TODO: this is done manually, which isn't going to scale
     auto has_variable = [] (IonDep const& ion, std::string const& name) {
         if( std::find_if(ion.read.begin(), ion.read.end(),
@@ -379,14 +378,14 @@ CUDAPrinter::CUDAPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
         ) return true;
         return false;
     };
-    text_.add_line("void set_ion(ionKind k, ion_type& i) override {");
+    text_.add_line("void set_ion(ionKind k, ion_type& i, const std::vector<size_type>& index) override {");
     text_.increase_indentation();
     text_.add_line("using nest::mc::algorithms::index_into;");
     if(has_ion(ionKind::Na)) {
         auto ion = find_ion(ionKind::Na);
         text_.add_line("if(k==ionKind::na) {");
         text_.increase_indentation();
-        text_.add_line("ion_na.index = index_into(i.node_index(), node_index_);");
+        text_.add_line("ion_na.index = iarray(memory::make_const_view(index));");
         if(has_variable(*ion, "ina")) text_.add_line("ion_na.ina = i.current();");
         if(has_variable(*ion, "ena")) text_.add_line("ion_na.ena = i.reversal_potential();");
         if(has_variable(*ion, "nai")) text_.add_line("ion_na.nai = i.internal_concentration();");
@@ -399,7 +398,7 @@ CUDAPrinter::CUDAPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
         auto ion = find_ion(ionKind::Ca);
         text_.add_line("if(k==ionKind::ca) {");
         text_.increase_indentation();
-        text_.add_line("ion_ca.index = index_into(i.node_index(), node_index_);");
+        text_.add_line("ion_ca.index = iarray(memory::make_const_view(index));");
         if(has_variable(*ion, "ica")) text_.add_line("ion_ca.ica = i.current();");
         if(has_variable(*ion, "eca")) text_.add_line("ion_ca.eca = i.reversal_potential();");
         if(has_variable(*ion, "cai")) text_.add_line("ion_ca.cai = i.internal_concentration();");
@@ -412,7 +411,7 @@ CUDAPrinter::CUDAPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
         auto ion = find_ion(ionKind::K);
         text_.add_line("if(k==ionKind::k) {");
         text_.increase_indentation();
-        text_.add_line("ion_k.index = index_into(i.node_index(), node_index_);");
+        text_.add_line("ion_k.index = iarray(memory::make_const_view(index));");
         if(has_variable(*ion, "ik")) text_.add_line("ion_k.ik = i.current();");
         if(has_variable(*ion, "ek")) text_.add_line("ion_k.ek = i.reversal_potential();");
         if(has_variable(*ion, "ki")) text_.add_line("ion_k.ki = i.internal_concentration();");
@@ -445,7 +444,7 @@ CUDAPrinter::CUDAPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
             text_.add_line("dim3 dim_grid(n/dim_block.x + (n%dim_block.x ? 1 : 0) );");
             text_.add_line();
             text_.add_line(
-                "kernels::" + name + "<T,I>"
+                "kernels::" + name + "<value_type, size_type>"
                 + "<<<dim_grid, dim_block>>>(param_pack_);");
             text_.decrease_indentation();
             text_.add_line("}");
@@ -456,9 +455,9 @@ CUDAPrinter::CUDAPrinter(Module &m, bool o)
     //////////////////////////////////////////////
     //////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-    text_.add_line("vector_type data_;");
+    text_.add_line("array data_;");
     for(auto var: array_variables) {
-        text_.add_line("view_type " + var->name() + ";");
+        text_.add_line("view " + var->name() + ";");
     }
     for(auto var: scalar_variables) {
         double val = var->value();
@@ -632,7 +631,7 @@ void CUDAPrinter::print_procedure_prototype(ProcedureExpression *e) {
     text_.add_gutter() << "template <typename T, typename I>\n";
     text_.add_line("__device__");
     text_.add_gutter() << "void " << e->name()
-                       << "(" << module_->name() << "_ParamPack<T,I> const& params_,"
+                       << "(" << module_->name() << "_ParamPack<T, I> const& params_,"
                        << "const int tid_";
     for(auto& arg : e->args()) {
         text_ << ", T " << arg->is_argument()->name();
@@ -657,7 +656,7 @@ void CUDAPrinter::visit(ProcedureExpression *e) {
     increase_indentation();
 
     text_.add_line("using value_type = T;");
-    text_.add_line("using index_type = I;");
+    text_.add_line("using iarray = I;");
     text_.add_line();
 
     e->body()->accept(this);
@@ -686,7 +685,7 @@ void CUDAPrinter::visit(APIMethod *e) {
     increase_indentation();
 
     text_.add_line("using value_type = T;");
-    text_.add_line("using index_type = I;");
+    text_.add_line("using iarray = I;");
     text_.add_line();
 
     text_.add_line("auto tid_ = threadIdx.x + blockDim.x*blockIdx.x;");
diff --git a/modcc/mechanism.hpp b/modcc/mechanism.hpp
index 309bd95daf2464be92777a039fa761f1a5ac1fff..cf3aeddee7ade4971b85b200b641c6b2243435c4 100644
--- a/modcc/mechanism.hpp
+++ b/modcc/mechanism.hpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class Mechanism {
 public:
     // typedefs for storage
     using value_type = double;
-    using vector_type = memory::HostVector<value_type>;
+    using array = memory::HostVector<value_type>;
     using view_type   = memory::HostView<value_type>;
 
     Mechanism(std::string const& name)
diff --git a/scripts/print_backtrace b/scripts/print_backtrace
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..296b78e1b67d0951405a4075fbd0493df3e6ffe4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/print_backtrace
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python2
+#coding: utf-8
+
+import argparse
+import os
+import subprocess
+
+class color:
+       purple = '\033[95m'
+       white  = '\033[37m'
+       cyan = '\033[96m'
+       darkcyan = '\033[36m'
+       blue = '\033[94m'
+       green = '\033[92m'
+       yellow = '\033[93m'
+       red = '\033[91m'
+       bold = '\033[1m'
+       underline = '\033[4m'
+       end = '\033[0m'
+
+class nocolor:
+       purple = ''
+       white = ''
+       cyan = ''
+       darkcyan = ''
+       blue = ''
+       green = ''
+       yellow = ''
+       red = ''
+       bold = ''
+       underline = ''
+       end = ''
+
+
+def parse_clargs():
+    P = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='pretty print stack traces')
+    P.add_argument('input', metavar='FILE',
+                   help='name of file with stack trace')
+    P.add_argument('-b', '--brief', action='store_true',
+                   help='print only the file locations')
+    P.add_argument('-e', '--executable', metavar='FILE',
+                   help='name of the executable or object file to look up symbols')
+    P.add_argument('-c', '--color', action='store_true',
+                   help='use color output in terminal')
+
+    return P.parse_args()
+
+def parse_backtrace(source):
+    trace = []
+    if os.path.isfile(source):
+        f = open(source, 'r')
+        lines = f.readlines()
+        for line in lines:
+            tokens = line.split()
+            trace.append({'location':tokens[0], 'function':tokens[1]})
+    else:
+        print "error: unable to open back trace file ", source
+
+    return trace
+
+def get_function_name(location, executable):
+    result = os.popen('addr2line ' + location + ' -e ' + executable).read()
+    descriptor = result.split()[0].split(':')
+    return {'filename': descriptor[0], 'line': descriptor[1]}
+
+def unmangle(mangled):
+    unmangled = os.popen('c++filt ' + mangled).read().strip()
+    return unmangled.replace('nest::mc::', '')
+
+#
+# main
+#
+args = parse_clargs()
+
+# check that a valid executable was provided
+executable = args.executable
+if not os.path.isfile(executable):
+    print "error:", executable, "is not a valid executable"
+else:
+    for frame in parse_backtrace(args.input):
+        location = get_function_name(frame['location'], executable)
+        name = unmangle(frame['function'])
+        c = color if args.color else nocolor
+        fname = c.yellow + location['filename'] + c.end
+        line = c.cyan + location['line'] + c.end
+        if args.brief:
+            print  fname + ':' + line
+        else:
+            print  fname + ':' + line, '\n ', name
diff --git a/src/CMakeLists.txt b/src/CMakeLists.txt
index 8e0db8876fadf3d030b65ccac9a653eedc1c8d37..22f0fa32a519b159f3641784a7410ddd73219111 100644
--- a/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -8,12 +8,24 @@ set(BASE_SOURCES
     profiling/profiler.cpp
     swcio.cpp
     util/debug.cpp
+    util/unwind.cpp
+    backends/fvm_multicore.cpp
+)
+set(CUDA_SOURCES
+    backends/fvm_gpu.cu
+    memory/fill.cu
 )
 
 if(${WITH_MPI})
     set(BASE_SOURCES ${BASE_SOURCES} communication/mpi.cpp)
 endif()
 
-add_library(cellalgo ${BASE_SOURCES} ${HEADERS})
-add_dependencies(cellalgo build_all_mods)
+add_library(nestmc ${BASE_SOURCES} ${HEADERS})
+
+add_dependencies(nestmc build_all_mods)
+if(WITH_CUDA)
+    cuda_add_library(gpu ${CUDA_SOURCES})
+    set(NESTMC_LIBRARIES ${NESTMC_LIBRARIES} gpu)
+    add_dependencies(gpu build_all_gpu_mods)
+endif()
 
diff --git a/src/algorithms.hpp b/src/algorithms.hpp
index 94e198cb4da61d9e86e1b9424645b1ad739b113b..43893b3198bcc00591bc4301efbbdcb0159330d6 100644
--- a/src/algorithms.hpp
+++ b/src/algorithms.hpp
@@ -2,13 +2,14 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <iostream>
+#include <iterator>
 #include <numeric>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <util.hpp>
 #include <util/debug.hpp>
 #include <util/meta.hpp>
+#include <util/range.hpp>
 
 /*
  * Some simple wrappers around stl algorithms to improve readability of code
@@ -272,55 +273,124 @@ std::vector<typename C::value_type> make_parent_index(
 }
 
 
-template<typename C>
-bool is_sorted(const C& c)
-{
-    return std::is_sorted(c.begin(), c.end());
+template<typename Seq, typename = util::enable_if_sequence_t<Seq>>
+bool is_sorted(const Seq& seq) {
+    return std::is_sorted(std::begin(seq), std::end(seq));
 }
 
-template<typename C>
-bool is_unique(const C& c)
-{
-    return std::adjacent_find(c.begin(), c.end()) == c.end();
+template< typename Seq, typename = util::enable_if_sequence_t<Seq>>
+bool is_unique(const Seq& seq) {
+    return std::adjacent_find(std::begin(seq), std::end(seq)) == std::end(seq);
 }
 
-/// Return and index that maps entries in sub to their corresponding
-/// values in super, where sub is a subset of super.
-///
-/// Both sets are sorted and have unique entries.
-/// Complexity is O(n), where n is size of super
-template<typename C>
-// C::iterator models forward_iterator
-// C::value_type is_integral
-C index_into(const C& super, const C& sub)
-{
-    //EXPECTS {s \in super : \forall s \in sub};
-    EXPECTS(is_unique(super) && is_unique(sub));
-    EXPECTS(is_sorted(super) && is_sorted(sub));
-    EXPECTS(sub.size() <= super.size());
+template <typename SubIt, typename SupIt, typename SupEnd>
+class index_into_iterator {
+public:
+    using value_type = typename std::iterator_traits<SupIt>::difference_type;
+    using difference_type = value_type;
+    using pointer = const value_type*;
+    using reference = const value_type&;
+    using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
+
+private:
+    using super_iterator = SupIt;
+    using super_senitel  = SupEnd;
+    using sub_iterator   = SubIt;
+
+    sub_iterator sub_it_;
+
+    mutable super_iterator super_it_;
+    const super_senitel super_end_;
+
+    mutable value_type super_idx_;
+
+public:
+    index_into_iterator(sub_iterator sub, super_iterator sup, super_senitel sup_end) :
+        sub_it_(sub),
+        super_it_(sup),
+        super_end_(sup_end),
+        super_idx_(0)
+    {}
+
+    value_type operator*() {
+        advance_super();
+        return super_idx_;
+    }
 
-    static_assert(
-        std::is_integral<typename C::value_type>::value,
-        "index_into only applies to integral types"
-    );
+    value_type operator*() const {
+        advance_super();
+        return super_idx_;
+    }
 
-    C out(sub.size()); // out will have one entry for each index in sub
+    bool operator==(const index_into_iterator& other) {
+        return sub_it_ == other.sub_it_;
+    }
 
-    auto sub_it=sub.begin();
-    auto super_it=super.begin();
-    auto sub_idx=0u, super_idx = 0u;
+    bool operator!=(const index_into_iterator& other) {
+        return !(*this == other);
+    }
 
-    while(sub_it!=sub.end() && super_it!=super.end()) {
-        if(*sub_it==*super_it) {
-            out[sub_idx] = super_idx;
-            ++sub_it; ++sub_idx;
-        }
-        ++super_it; ++super_idx;
+    index_into_iterator operator++() {
+        ++sub_it_;
+        return (*this);
     }
 
-    EXPECTS(sub_idx==sub.size());
+    index_into_iterator operator++(int) {
+        auto previous = *this;
+        ++(*this);
+        return previous;
+    }
 
-    return out;
+    static constexpr value_type npos = value_type(-1);
+
+private:
+
+    bool is_aligned() const {
+        return *sub_it_ == *super_it_;
+    }
+
+    void advance_super() {
+        while(super_it_!=super_end_ && !is_aligned()) {
+            ++super_it_;
+            ++super_idx_;
+        }
+
+        // this indicates that no match was found in super for a value
+        // in sub, which violates the precondition that sub is a subset of super
+        EXPECTS(!(super_it_==super_end_));
+
+        // set guard for users to test for validity if assertions are disabled
+        if (super_it_==super_end_) {
+            super_idx_ = npos;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+/// Return an index that maps entries in sub to their corresponding values in
+/// super, where sub is a subset of super.  /
+/// Both sets are sorted and have unique entries. Complexity is O(n), where n is
+/// size of super
+template<typename Sub, typename Super>
+auto index_into(const Sub& sub, const Super& super)
+    -> util::range<
+        index_into_iterator<
+            typename util::sequence_traits<Sub>::const_iterator,
+            typename util::sequence_traits<Super>::const_iterator,
+            typename util::sequence_traits<Super>::const_sentinel
+        >>
+{
+
+    EXPECTS(is_unique(super) && is_unique(sub));
+    EXPECTS(is_sorted(super) && is_sorted(sub));
+    EXPECTS(util::size(sub) <= util::size(super));
+
+    using iterator = index_into_iterator<
+            typename util::sequence_traits<Sub>::const_iterator,
+            typename util::sequence_traits<Super>::const_iterator,
+            typename util::sequence_traits<Super>::const_sentinel >;
+    auto begin = iterator(std::begin(sub), std::begin(super), std::end(super));
+    auto end   = iterator(std::end(sub), std::end(super), std::end(super));
+    return util::make_range(begin, end);
 }
 
 } // namespace algorithms
diff --git a/src/backends/fvm.hpp b/src/backends/fvm.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6ccf0e3db90018bb28b274da2fbb4f64576eb350
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backends/fvm.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "fvm_multicore.hpp"
+
+#ifdef WITH_CUDA
+    #include "fvm_gpu.hpp"
+#endif
diff --git a/src/backends/fvm_gpu.cu b/src/backends/fvm_gpu.cu
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d83705c64c10787ad628d5c765c3181775cc282a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backends/fvm_gpu.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#include "fvm_gpu.hpp"
+
+#include <mechanisms/gpu/hh.hpp>
+#include <mechanisms/gpu/pas.hpp>
+#include <mechanisms/gpu/expsyn.hpp>
+#include <mechanisms/gpu/exp2syn.hpp>
+
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
+namespace gpu {
+
+std::map<std::string, backend::maker_type>
+backend::mech_map_ = {
+    { "pas",     maker<mechanisms::gpu::pas::mechanism_pas> },
+    { "hh",      maker<mechanisms::gpu::hh::mechanism_hh> },
+    { "expsyn",  maker<mechanisms::gpu::expsyn::mechanism_expsyn> },
+    { "exp2syn", maker<mechanisms::gpu::exp2syn::mechanism_exp2syn> }
+};
+
+} // namespace multicore
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
diff --git a/src/backends/fvm_gpu.hpp b/src/backends/fvm_gpu.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0c0af1d491e0e3006f70834bfca1a1f92d031c7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backends/fvm_gpu.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <common_types.hpp>
+#include <mechanism.hpp>
+#include <memory/memory.hpp>
+#include <util/span.hpp>
+
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
+namespace gpu {
+
+/// Parameter pack for passing matrix fields and dimensions to the
+/// Hines matrix solver implemented on the GPU backend.
+template <typename T, typename I>
+struct matrix_solve_param_pack {
+    T* d;
+    T* u;
+    T* rhs;
+    const I* p;
+    const I* cell_index;
+    I n;
+    I ncells;
+};
+
+/// Parameter pack for passing matrix and fvm fields and dimensions to the
+/// FVM matrix generator implemented on the GPU
+template <typename T, typename I>
+struct matrix_update_param_pack {
+    T* d;
+    T* u;
+    T* rhs;
+    const T* sigma;
+    const T* alpha_d;
+    const T* alpha;
+    const T* voltage;
+    const T* current;
+    const T* cv_capacitance;
+    I n;
+};
+
+// forward declarations of the matrix solver implementation
+// see the bottom of the file for implementation
+
+template <typename T, typename I>
+__global__ void matrix_solve(matrix_solve_param_pack<T, I> params);
+
+template <typename T, typename I>
+__global__ void assemble_matrix(matrix_update_param_pack<T, I> params, T dt);
+
+struct backend {
+    /// define the real and index types
+    using value_type = double;
+    using size_type  = nest::mc::cell_lid_type;
+
+    /// define storage types
+    using array  = memory::device_vector<value_type>;
+    using iarray = memory::device_vector<size_type>;
+
+    using view       = typename array::view_type;
+    using const_view = typename array::const_view_type;
+
+    using iview       = typename iarray::view_type;
+    using const_iview = typename iarray::const_view_type;
+
+    using host_array  = typename memory::host_vector<value_type>;
+    using host_iarray = typename memory::host_vector<size_type>;
+
+    using host_view   = typename host_array::view_type;
+    using host_iview  = typename host_iarray::const_view_type;
+
+    static std::string name() {
+        return "gpu";
+    }
+
+    //
+    // matrix infrastructure
+    //
+
+    /// Hines matrix assembly interface
+    struct matrix_assembler {
+        matrix_update_param_pack<value_type, size_type> params;
+        array alpha_d;
+
+        matrix_assembler() = default;
+
+        matrix_assembler(
+            view d, view u, view rhs, const_iview p,
+            const_view sigma, const_view alpha,
+            const_view voltage, const_view current, const_view cv_capacitance)
+        {
+            auto n = d.size();
+            host_array alpha_d_tmp(n, 0);
+            for(auto i: util::make_span(1u, n)) {
+                alpha_d_tmp[i] += alpha[i];
+
+                // add contribution to the diagonal of parent
+                alpha_d_tmp[p[i]] += alpha[i];
+            }
+            alpha_d = alpha_d_tmp;
+
+            params = {
+                d.data(), u.data(), rhs.data(),
+                sigma.data(), alpha_d.data(), alpha.data(),
+                voltage.data(), current.data(), cv_capacitance.data(), size_type(n)};
+        }
+
+        void assemble(value_type dt) {
+            // determine the grid dimensions for the kernel
+            auto const n = params.n;
+            auto const block_dim = 96;
+            auto const grid_dim = (n+block_dim-1)/block_dim;
+
+            assemble_matrix<value_type, size_type><<<grid_dim, block_dim>>>(params, dt);
+        }
+
+    };
+
+    /// Hines solver interface
+    static void hines_solve(
+        view d, view u, view rhs,
+        const_iview p, const_iview cell_index)
+    {
+        using solve_param_pack = matrix_solve_param_pack<value_type, size_type>;
+
+        // pack the parameters into a single struct for kernel launch
+        auto params = solve_param_pack{
+             d.data(), u.data(), rhs.data(),
+             p.data(), cell_index.data(),
+             size_type(d.size()), size_type(cell_index.size()-1)
+        };
+
+        // determine the grid dimensions for the kernel
+        auto const n = params.ncells;
+        auto const block_dim = 96;
+        auto const grid_dim = (n+block_dim-1)/block_dim;
+
+        // perform solve on gpu
+        matrix_solve<value_type, size_type><<<grid_dim, block_dim>>>(params);
+    }
+
+    //
+    // mechanism infrastructure
+    //
+    using ion = mechanisms::ion<backend>;
+
+    using mechanism = mechanisms::mechanism_ptr<backend>;
+
+    static mechanism make_mechanism(
+        const std::string& name,
+        view vec_v, view vec_i,
+        const std::vector<size_type>& node_indices)
+    {
+        if (!has_mechanism(name)) {
+            throw std::out_of_range("no mechanism in database : " + name);
+        }
+
+        return mech_map_.find(name)->
+            second(vec_v, vec_i, memory::make_const_view(node_indices));
+    }
+
+    static bool has_mechanism(const std::string& name) { return mech_map_.count(name)>0; }
+
+private:
+
+    using maker_type = mechanism (*)(view, view, iarray&&);
+    static std::map<std::string, maker_type> mech_map_;
+
+    template <template <typename> class Mech>
+    static mechanism maker(view vec_v, view vec_i, iarray&& node_indices) {
+        return mechanisms::make_mechanism<Mech<backend>>
+            (vec_v, vec_i, std::move(node_indices));
+    }
+};
+
+/// GPU implementation of Hines Matrix solver.
+/// Naiive implementation with one CUDA thread per matrix.
+template <typename T, typename I>
+__global__
+void matrix_solve(matrix_solve_param_pack<T, I> params) {
+    auto tid = threadIdx.x + blockDim.x*blockIdx.x;
+    auto d   = params.d;
+    auto u   = params.u;
+    auto rhs = params.rhs;
+    auto p   = params.p;
+
+    if(tid < params.ncells) {
+        // get range of this thread's cell matrix
+        auto first = params.cell_index[tid];
+        auto last  = params.cell_index[tid+1];
+
+        // backward sweep
+        for(auto i=last-1; i>first; --i) {
+            auto factor = u[i] / d[i];
+            d[p[i]]   -= factor * u[i];
+            rhs[p[i]] -= factor * rhs[i];
+        }
+
+        __syncthreads();
+        rhs[first] /= d[first];
+
+        // forward sweep
+        for(auto i=first+1; i<last; ++i) {
+            rhs[i] -= u[i] * rhs[p[i]];
+            rhs[i] /= d[i];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// GPU implementatin of Hines matrix assembly
+/// For a given time step size dt
+///     - use the precomputed alpha and alpha_d values to construct the diagonal
+///       and off diagonal of the symmetric Hines matrix.
+///     - compute the RHS of the linear system to solve
+template <typename T, typename I>
+__global__
+void assemble_matrix(matrix_update_param_pack<T, I> params, T dt) {
+    auto tid = threadIdx.x + blockDim.x*blockIdx.x;
+
+    T factor_lhs = 1e5*dt;
+    T factor_rhs = 10.*dt;
+    if(tid < params.n) {
+        params.d[tid] = params.sigma[tid] + factor_lhs*params.alpha_d[tid];
+        params.u[tid] = -factor_lhs*params.alpha[tid];
+        params.rhs[tid] = params.sigma[tid] *
+            (params.voltage[tid] - factor_rhs/params.cv_capacitance[tid]*params.current[tid]);
+    }
+}
+
+
+} // namespace multicore
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
diff --git a/src/backends/fvm_multicore.cpp b/src/backends/fvm_multicore.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dd8f797c99ad29347fc9a103a2b730527f23f976
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backends/fvm_multicore.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#include "fvm_multicore.hpp"
+
+#include <mechanisms/multicore/hh.hpp>
+#include <mechanisms/multicore/pas.hpp>
+#include <mechanisms/multicore/expsyn.hpp>
+#include <mechanisms/multicore/exp2syn.hpp>
+
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
+namespace multicore {
+
+std::map<std::string, backend::maker_type>
+backend::mech_map_ = {
+    { std::string("pas"),     maker<mechanisms::pas::mechanism_pas> },
+    { std::string("hh"),      maker<mechanisms::hh::mechanism_hh> },
+    { std::string("expsyn"),  maker<mechanisms::expsyn::mechanism_expsyn> },
+    { std::string("exp2syn"), maker<mechanisms::exp2syn::mechanism_exp2syn> }
+};
+
+} // namespace multicore
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
diff --git a/src/backends/fvm_multicore.hpp b/src/backends/fvm_multicore.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73a0d98874909d78cbb9fbcc3f59a0005f8be8fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backends/fvm_multicore.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <common_types.hpp>
+#include <mechanism.hpp>
+#include <memory/memory.hpp>
+#include <util/span.hpp>
+
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
+namespace multicore {
+
+struct backend {
+    /// define the real and index types
+    using value_type = double;
+    using size_type  = nest::mc::cell_lid_type;
+
+    /// define storage types
+    using array  = memory::host_vector<value_type>;
+    using iarray = memory::host_vector<size_type>;
+
+    using view       = typename array::view_type;
+    using const_view = typename array::const_view_type;
+
+    using iview       = typename iarray::view_type;
+    using const_iview = typename iarray::const_view_type;
+
+    using host_array  = array;
+    using host_iarray = iarray;
+
+    using host_view   = view;
+    using host_iview  = iview;
+
+    static void hines_solve(
+        view d, view u, view rhs,
+        const_iview p, const_iview cell_index)
+    {
+        const size_type ncells = cell_index.size()-1;
+
+        // loop over submatrices
+        for (auto m: util::make_span(0, ncells)) {
+            auto first = cell_index[m];
+            auto last = cell_index[m+1];
+
+            // backward sweep
+            for(auto i=last-1; i>first; --i) {
+                auto factor = u[i] / d[i];
+                d[p[i]]   -= factor * u[i];
+                rhs[p[i]] -= factor * rhs[i];
+            }
+            rhs[first] /= d[first];
+
+            // forward sweep
+            for(auto i=first+1; i<last; ++i) {
+                rhs[i] -= u[i] * rhs[p[i]];
+                rhs[i] /= d[i];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // it might be acceptable to have the entire builder defined here
+    // because the storage might need to be back end specific
+    struct matrix_assembler {
+        view d;
+        view u;
+        view rhs;
+        const_iview p;
+
+        const_view sigma;
+        const_view alpha;
+        const_view voltage;
+        const_view current;
+        const_view cv_capacitance;
+
+        array alpha_d;
+
+        matrix_assembler() = default;
+
+        matrix_assembler(
+            view d, view u, view rhs, const_iview p,
+            const_view sigma, const_view alpha,
+            const_view voltage, const_view current, const_view cv_capacitance)
+        :
+            d{d}, u{u}, rhs{rhs}, p{p},
+            sigma{sigma}, alpha{alpha},
+            voltage{voltage}, current{current}, cv_capacitance{cv_capacitance}
+        {
+            auto n = d.size();
+            alpha_d = array(n, 0);
+            for(auto i: util::make_span(1u, n)) {
+                alpha_d[i] += alpha[i];
+
+                // add contribution to the diagonal of parent
+                alpha_d[p[i]] += alpha[i];
+            }
+        }
+
+        void assemble(value_type dt) {
+            auto n = d.size();
+            value_type factor_lhs = 1e5*dt;
+            value_type factor_rhs = 1e1*dt; //  units: 10·ms/(F/m^2)·(mA/cm^2) ≡ mV
+            for (auto i: util::make_span(0u, n)) {
+                d[i] = sigma[i] + factor_lhs*alpha_d[i];
+                u[i] = -factor_lhs*alpha[i];
+                // the RHS of the linear system is
+                //      cv_area * (V - dt/cm*(im - ie))
+                rhs[i] = sigma[i]*(voltage[i] - factor_rhs/cv_capacitance[i]*current[i]);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    //
+    // mechanism infrastructure
+    //
+    using ion = mechanisms::ion<backend>;
+
+    using mechanism = mechanisms::mechanism_ptr<backend>;
+
+    static mechanism make_mechanism(
+        const std::string& name,
+        view vec_v, view vec_i,
+        const std::vector<size_type>& node_indices)
+    {
+        if (!has_mechanism(name)) {
+            throw std::out_of_range("no mechanism in database : " + name);
+        }
+
+        return mech_map_.find(name)->second(vec_v, vec_i, iarray(node_indices));
+    }
+
+    static bool has_mechanism(const std::string& name) { return mech_map_.count(name)>0; }
+
+    static std::string name() {
+        return "multicore";
+    }
+
+private:
+
+    using maker_type = mechanism (*)(view, view, iarray&&);
+    static std::map<std::string, maker_type> mech_map_;
+
+    template <template <typename> class Mech>
+    static mechanism maker(view vec_v, view vec_i, iarray&& node_indices) {
+        return mechanisms::make_mechanism<Mech<backend>>
+            (vec_v, vec_i, std::move(node_indices));
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace multicore
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
diff --git a/src/cell.cpp b/src/cell.cpp
index 12035ad64cdf78dd37b1dcd5dd0b26865fc8b58c..1828ff83ca6ad2dd6ce7900a18ce4061082c9c22 100644
--- a/src/cell.cpp
+++ b/src/cell.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-#include "cell.hpp"
-#include "tree.hpp"
-#include "util/debug.hpp"
+#include <cell.hpp>
+#include <tree.hpp>
+#include <util/debug.hpp>
 
 namespace nest {
 namespace mc {
diff --git a/src/cell.hpp b/src/cell.hpp
index 7fdbc8f7829f678d438d88813440d482eb458815..4b9052f2c2698ee6dd66192b98f5cd3c268d18ff 100644
--- a/src/cell.hpp
+++ b/src/cell.hpp
@@ -5,12 +5,13 @@
 #include <thread>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "common_types.hpp"
-#include "cell_tree.hpp"
-#include "segment.hpp"
-#include "stimulus.hpp"
-#include "util/debug.hpp"
-#include "util/rangeutil.hpp"
+#include <common_types.hpp>
+#include <cell_tree.hpp>
+#include <segment.hpp>
+#include <stimulus.hpp>
+#include <util/debug.hpp>
+#include <util/pprintf.hpp>
+#include <util/rangeutil.hpp>
 
 namespace nest {
 namespace mc {
diff --git a/src/cell_group.hpp b/src/cell_group.hpp
index 86a9059361110259d72a85389adf81dda55c8fdf..203423c125cd22ef31f5f7e0e2acaa49f8a26821 100644
--- a/src/cell_group.hpp
+++ b/src/cell_group.hpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace mc {
 template <typename LoweredCell>
 class cell_group {
 public:
-    using index_type = cell_gid_type;
+    using iarray = cell_gid_type;
     using lowered_cell_type = LoweredCell;
     using value_type = typename lowered_cell_type::value_type;
     using size_type  = typename lowered_cell_type::value_type;
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ private:
     std::vector<time_type> sampler_start_times_;
 
     /// the global id of the first target (e.g. a synapse) in this group
-    index_type first_target_gid_;
+    iarray first_target_gid_;
 
     /// handles for accessing lowered cell
     using detector_handle = typename lowered_cell_type::detector_handle;
diff --git a/src/cell_tree.hpp b/src/cell_tree.hpp
index ce06d69a8b8ac7427b991e7e54ac2bc764a052e7..ec7491c436a0035944c1b218c3ba936c99d3ad05 100644
--- a/src/cell_tree.hpp
+++ b/src/cell_tree.hpp
@@ -9,11 +9,10 @@
 #include <ostream>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <vector/include/Vector.hpp>
-
-#include "common_types.hpp"
-#include "tree.hpp"
-#include "util.hpp"
+#include <memory/memory.hpp>
+#include <util/span.hpp>
+#include <common_types.hpp>
+#include <tree.hpp>
 
 namespace nest {
 namespace mc {
@@ -30,15 +29,13 @@ namespace mc {
 /// sets it appears that the soma was always index 0, however we need more
 /// flexibility in choosing the root.
 class cell_tree {
-    using range = memory::Range;
-
 public:
     using int_type        = cell_lid_type;
     using size_type       = cell_local_size_type;
 
-    using index_type      = memory::HostVector<int_type>;
-    using view_type       = index_type::view_type;
-    using const_view_type = index_type::const_view_type;
+    using iarray      = memory::host_vector<int_type>;
+    using view_type       = iarray::view_type;
+    using const_view_type = iarray::const_view_type;
 
     using tree = nest::mc::tree<int_type, size_type>;
     static constexpr int_type no_parent = tree::no_parent;
@@ -155,7 +152,7 @@ public:
         std::ofstream fid(fname);
 
         fid << "graph cell {" << '\n';
-        for(auto b : range(0,num_segments())) {
+        for(auto b : util::make_span(0,num_segments())) {
             if(children(b).size()) {
                 for(auto c : children(b)) {
                     fid << "  " << b << " -- " << c << ";" << '\n';
@@ -165,16 +162,16 @@ public:
         fid << "}" << std::endl; // flush at end of output?
     }
 
-    index_type depth_from_leaf()
+    iarray depth_from_leaf()
     {
-        tree::index_type depth(num_segments());
+        tree::iarray depth(num_segments());
         depth_from_leaf(depth, int_type{0});
         return depth;
     }
 
-    index_type depth_from_root()
+    iarray depth_from_root()
     {
-        tree::index_type depth(num_segments());
+        tree::iarray depth(num_segments());
         depth[0] = 0;
         depth_from_root(depth, int_type{1});
         return depth;
@@ -271,7 +268,7 @@ private :
         return new_root;
     }
 
-    int_type depth_from_leaf(index_type& depth, int_type segment)
+    int_type depth_from_leaf(iarray& depth, int_type segment)
     {
         int_type max_depth = 0;
         for(auto c : children(segment)) {
@@ -281,7 +278,7 @@ private :
         return max_depth+1;
     }
 
-    void depth_from_root(index_type& depth, int_type segment)
+    void depth_from_root(iarray& depth, int_type segment)
     {
         auto d = depth[parent(segment)] + 1;
         depth[segment] = d;
diff --git a/src/common_types.hpp b/src/common_types.hpp
index da81ed5d65368af60095d8b9dab40aeede29467a..6bd3517b9216285c2896473e82fbdb6e2f1cfa64 100644
--- a/src/common_types.hpp
+++ b/src/common_types.hpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ using cell_gid_type = std::uint32_t;
 using cell_size_type = typename std::make_unsigned<cell_gid_type>::type;
 
 // For indexes into cell-local data.
-// 
+//
 // Local indices for items within a particular cell-local collection should be
 // zero-based and numbered contiguously.
 
diff --git a/src/fvm_cell.hpp b/src/fvm_cell.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 1d9ff96568dc3c2817944145330e9a7178c19e05..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/src/fvm_cell.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,671 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <map>
-#include <set>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <algorithms.hpp>
-#include <cell.hpp>
-#include <event_queue.hpp>
-#include <ion.hpp>
-#include <math.hpp>
-#include <matrix.hpp>
-#include <mechanism.hpp>
-#include <mechanism_catalogue.hpp>
-#include <profiling/profiler.hpp>
-#include <segment.hpp>
-#include <stimulus.hpp>
-#include <util.hpp>
-#include <util/meta.hpp>
-
-#include <vector/include/Vector.hpp>
-
-/*
- * Lowered cell implementation based on finite volume method.
- *
- * TODO: Move following description of internal API
- * to a better location or document.
- *
- * Lowered cells are managed by the `cell_group` class.
- * A `cell_group` manages one lowered cell instance, which
- * may in turn simulate one or more cells.
- *
- * The outward facing interface for `cell_group` is defined
- * in terms of cell gids and member indices; the interface
- * between `cell_group` and a lowered cell is described below.
- *
- * The motivation for the following interface is to
- *   1. Provide more flexibility in lowered cell implementation
- *   2. Save memory and duplicated index maps by associating
- *      externally visible objects with opaque handles.
- *
- * In the following, `lowered_cell` represents the lowered
- * cell class, and `lowered` an instance thereof.
- *
- * `lowered_cell::detector_handle`
- *       Type of handles used by spike detectors to query
- *       membrane voltage.
- *
- * `lowered_cell::probe_handle`
- *       Type of handle used to query the value of a probe.
- *
- * `lowered_cell::target_handle`
- *       Type of handle used to identify the target of a
- *       postsynaptic spike event.
- *
- * `lowered_cell::value_type`
- *       Floating point type used for internal states
- *       and simulation time.
- *
- * `lowered_cell()`
- *       Default constructor; performs no cell-specific
- *       initialization.
- *
- * `lowered.initialize(const Cells& cells, ...)`
- *       Allocate and initalize data structures to simulate
- *       the cells described in the collection `cells`,
- *       where each item is of type `nest::mc::cell`.
- *
- *       Remaining arguments consist of references to
- *       collections for storing:
- *         1. Detector handles
- *         2. Target handles
- *         3. Probe handles
- *
- *       Handles are written in the same order as they
- *       appear in the provided cell descriptions.
- *
- *  `lowered.reset()`
- *
- *       Resets state to initial conditiions and sets
- *       internal simulation time to 0.
- *
- *  `lowered.advance(value_type dt)`
- *
- *       Advanece simulation state by `dt` (value in
- *       milliseconds). For `fvm_cell` at least,
- *       this corresponds to one integration step.
- *
- *  `lowered.deliver_event(target_handle target, value_type weight)`
- *
- *       Update target-specifc state based on the arrival
- *       of a postsynaptic spike event with given weight.
- *
- *  `lowered.detect_voltage(detector_handle)`
- *
- *       Return membrane voltage at detector site as specified
- *       by handle.
- *
- *  `lowered.probe(probe_handle)`
- *
- *       Return value of corresponding probe.
- *
- *  `lowered.resting_potential(value_type potential)`
- *
- *       Set the steady-state membrane voltage used for the
- *       cell initial condition. (Defaults to -65 mV currently.)
- */
-
-namespace nest {
-namespace mc {
-namespace fvm {
-
-template <typename Value, typename Index>
-class fvm_cell {
-public:
-    fvm_cell() = default;
-
-    /// the real number type
-    using value_type = Value;
-
-    /// the integral index type
-    using size_type = Index;
-
-    /// the container used for indexes
-    using index_type = memory::HostVector<size_type>;
-
-    /// the container used for values
-    using vector_type = memory::HostVector<value_type>;
-
-    /// API for cell_group (see above):
-
-    using detector_handle = size_type;
-    using target_handle = std::pair<size_type, size_type>;
-    using probe_handle = std::pair<const vector_type fvm_cell::*, size_type>;
-
-    void resting_potential(value_type potential_mV) {
-        resting_potential_ = potential_mV;
-    }
-
-    template <typename Cells, typename Detectors, typename Targets, typename Probes>
-    void initialize(
-        const Cells& cells,           // collection of nest::mc::cell descriptions
-        Detectors& detector_handles,  // (write) where to store detector handles
-        Targets& target_handles,      // (write) where to store target handles
-        Probes& probe_handles);       // (write) where to store probe handles
-
-    void reset();
-
-    void deliver_event(target_handle h, value_type weight) {
-        mechanisms_[synapse_base_+h.first]->net_receive(h.second, weight);
-    }
-
-    value_type detector_voltage(detector_handle h) const {
-        return voltage_[h]; // detector_handle is just the compartment index
-    }
-
-    value_type probe(probe_handle h) const {
-        return (this->*h.first)[h.second];
-    }
-
-    void advance(value_type dt);
-
-    /// Following types and methods are public only for testing:
-
-    /// the type used to store matrix information
-    using matrix_type = matrix<value_type, size_type>;
-
-    /// mechanism type
-    using mechanism_type =
-        nest::mc::mechanisms::mechanism_ptr<value_type, size_type>;
-
-    /// ion species storage
-    using ion_type = mechanisms::ion<value_type, size_type>;
-
-    /// view into index container
-    using index_view = typename index_type::view_type;
-    using const_index_view = typename index_type::const_view_type;
-
-    /// view into value container
-    using vector_view = typename vector_type::view_type;
-    using const_vector_view = typename vector_type::const_view_type;
-
-    /// build the matrix for a given time step
-    void setup_matrix(value_type dt);
-
-    /// which requires const_view in the vector library
-    const matrix_type& jacobian() {
-        return matrix_;
-    }
-
-    /// return list of CV areas in :
-    ///          um^2
-    ///     1e-6.mm^2
-    ///     1e-8.cm^2
-    const_vector_view cv_areas() const {
-        return cv_areas_;
-    }
-
-    /// return the capacitance of each CV surface
-    /// this is the total capacitance, not per unit area,
-    /// i.e. equivalent to sigma_i * c_m
-    const_vector_view cv_capacitance() const {
-        return cv_capacitance_;
-    }
-
-    /// return the voltage in each CV
-    vector_view       voltage()       { return voltage_; }
-    const_vector_view voltage() const { return voltage_; }
-
-    /// return the current in each CV
-    vector_view       current()       { return current_; }
-    const_vector_view current() const { return current_; }
-
-    std::size_t size() const { return matrix_.size(); }
-
-    /// return reference to in iterable container of the mechanisms
-    std::vector<mechanism_type>& mechanisms() { return mechanisms_; }
-
-    /// return reference to list of ions
-    std::map<mechanisms::ionKind, ion_type>&       ions()       { return ions_; }
-    std::map<mechanisms::ionKind, ion_type> const& ions() const { return ions_; }
-
-    /// return reference to sodium ion
-    ion_type&       ion_na()       { return ions_[mechanisms::ionKind::na]; }
-    ion_type const& ion_na() const { return ions_[mechanisms::ionKind::na]; }
-
-    /// return reference to calcium ion
-    ion_type&       ion_ca()       { return ions_[mechanisms::ionKind::ca]; }
-    ion_type const& ion_ca() const { return ions_[mechanisms::ionKind::ca]; }
-
-    /// return reference to pottasium ion
-    ion_type&       ion_k()       { return ions_[mechanisms::ionKind::k]; }
-    ion_type const& ion_k() const { return ions_[mechanisms::ionKind::k]; }
-
-    /// flags if solution is physically realistic.
-    /// here we define physically realistic as the voltage being within reasonable bounds.
-    /// use a simple test of the voltage at the soma is reasonable, i.e. in the range
-    ///     v_soma \in (-1000mv, 1000mv)
-    bool is_physical_solution() const {
-        auto v = voltage_[0];
-        return (v>-1000.) && (v<1000.);
-    }
-
-    value_type time() const { return t_; }
-
-    std::size_t num_probes() const { return probes_.size(); }
-
-private:
-    /// current time [ms]
-    value_type t_ = value_type{0};
-
-    /// resting potential (initial voltage condition)
-    value_type resting_potential_ = -65;
-
-    /// the linear system for implicit time stepping of cell state
-    matrix_type matrix_;
-
-    /// index for fast lookup of compartment index ranges of segments
-    index_type segment_index_;
-
-    /// cv_areas_[i] is the surface area of CV i [µm^2]
-    vector_type cv_areas_;
-
-    /// alpha_[i] is the following value at the CV face between
-    /// CV i and its parent, required when constructing linear system
-    ///     face_alpha_[i] = area_face  / (c_m * r_L * delta_x);
-    vector_type face_alpha_; // [µm·m^2/cm/s ≡ 10^5 µm^2/ms]
-
-    /// cv_capacitance_[i] is the capacitance of CV i per unit area (i.e. c_m) [F/m^2]
-    vector_type cv_capacitance_;
-
-    /// the average current density over the surface of each CV [mA/cm^2]
-    /// current_ = i_m - i_e
-    vector_type current_;
-
-    /// the potential in each CV [mV]
-    vector_type voltage_;
-
-    /// Where point mechanisms start in the mechanisms_ list.
-    std::size_t synapse_base_;
-
-    /// the set of mechanisms present in the cell
-    std::vector<mechanism_type> mechanisms_;
-
-    /// the ion species
-    std::map<mechanisms::ionKind, ion_type> ions_;
-
-    std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, i_clamp>> stimuli_;
-
-    std::vector<std::pair<const vector_type fvm_cell::*, uint32_t>> probes_;
-
-    // mechanism factory
-    using mechanism_catalogue = nest::mc::mechanisms::catalogue<value_type, size_type>;
-};
-
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-//////////////////////////////// Implementation ////////////////////////////////
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-template <typename T, typename I>
-template <typename Cells, typename Detectors, typename Targets, typename Probes>
-void fvm_cell<T, I>::initialize(
-    const Cells& cells,
-    Detectors& detector_handles,
-    Targets& target_handles,
-    Probes& probe_handles)
-{
-    if (util::size(cells)!=1u) {
-        throw std::invalid_argument("fvm_cell accepts only one cell");
-    }
-
-    const nest::mc::cell& cell = *(std::begin(cells));
-    size_type ncomp = cell.num_compartments();
-
-    // confirm write-parameters have enough room to store handles
-    EXPECTS(util::size(detector_handles)==cell.detectors().size());
-    EXPECTS(util::size(target_handles)==cell.synapses().size());
-    EXPECTS(util::size(probe_handles)==cell.probes().size());
-
-    // initialize storage
-    cv_areas_   = vector_type{ncomp, T{0}};
-    face_alpha_ = vector_type{ncomp, T{0}};
-    cv_capacitance_ = vector_type{ncomp, T{0}};
-    current_    = vector_type{ncomp, T{0}};
-    voltage_    = vector_type{ncomp, T{resting_potential_}};
-
-    using util::left;
-    using util::right;
-
-    const auto graph = cell.model();
-    matrix_ = matrix_type(graph.parent_index);
-
-    auto parent_index = matrix_.p();
-    segment_index_ = graph.segment_index;
-
-    auto seg_idx = 0;
-    for(auto const& s : cell.segments()) {
-        if(auto soma = s->as_soma()) {
-            // assert the assumption that the soma is at 0
-            if(seg_idx!=0) {
-                throw std::domain_error(
-                        "FVM lowering encountered soma with non-zero index"
-                );
-            }
-            auto area = math::area_sphere(soma->radius());
-            cv_areas_[0] += area;
-            cv_capacitance_[0] += area * soma->mechanism("membrane").get("c_m").value;
-        }
-        else if(auto cable = s->as_cable()) {
-            // loop over each compartment in the cable
-            // each compartment has the face between two CVs at its centre
-            // the centers of the CVs are the end points of the compartment
-            //
-            //  __________________________________
-            //  | ........ | .cvleft. |    cv    |
-            //  | ........ L ........ C          R
-            //  |__________|__________|__________|
-            //
-            //  The compartment has end points marked L and R (left and right).
-            //  The left compartment is assumed to be closer to the soma
-            //  (i.e. it follows the minimal degree ordering)
-            //  The face is at the center, marked C.
-            //  The full control volume to the left (marked with .)
-            auto c_m = cable->mechanism("membrane").get("c_m").value;
-            auto r_L = cable->mechanism("membrane").get("r_L").value;
-            for(auto c : cable->compartments()) {
-                auto i = segment_index_[seg_idx] + c.index;
-                auto j = parent_index[i];
-
-                auto radius_center = math::mean(c.radius);
-                auto area_face = math::area_circle( radius_center );
-                face_alpha_[i] = area_face  / (c_m * r_L * c.length);
-
-                auto halflen = c.length/2;
-
-                auto al = math::area_frustrum(halflen, left(c.radius), radius_center);
-                auto ar = math::area_frustrum(halflen, right(c.radius), radius_center);
-                cv_areas_[j] += al;
-                cv_areas_[i] += ar;
-                cv_capacitance_[j] += al * c_m;
-                cv_capacitance_[i] += ar * c_m;
-            }
-        }
-        else {
-            throw std::domain_error("FVM lowering encountered unsuported segment type");
-        }
-        ++seg_idx;
-    }
-
-    // normalize the capacitance by cv_area
-    for(auto i=0u; i<size(); ++i) {
-        cv_capacitance_[i] /= cv_areas_[i];
-    }
-
-    /////////////////////////////////////////////
-    //  create mechanisms
-    /////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-    // FIXME : candidate for a private member function
-
-    // for each mechanism in the cell record the indexes of the segments that
-    // contain the mechanism
-    std::map<std::string, std::vector<unsigned>> mech_map;
-
-    for (unsigned i=0; i<cell.num_segments(); ++i) {
-        for (const auto& mech : cell.segment(i)->mechanisms()) {
-            // FIXME : Membrane has to be a proper mechanism,
-            //         because it is exposed via the public interface.
-            //         This if statement is bad
-            if(mech.name() != "membrane") {
-                mech_map[mech.name()].push_back(i);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Create the mechanism implementations with the state for each mechanism
-    // instance.
-    // TODO : this works well for density mechanisms (e.g. ion channels), but
-    // does it work for point processes (e.g. synapses)?
-    for (auto& mech : mech_map) {
-        // calculate the number of compartments that contain the mechanism
-        auto num_comp = 0u;
-        for (auto seg : mech.second) {
-            num_comp += segment_index_[seg+1] - segment_index_[seg];
-        }
-
-        // build a vector of the indexes of the compartments that contain
-        // the mechanism
-        index_type compartment_index(num_comp);
-        auto pos = 0u;
-        for (auto seg : mech.second) {
-            auto seg_size = segment_index_[seg+1] - segment_index_[seg];
-            std::iota(
-                compartment_index.data() + pos,
-                compartment_index.data() + pos + seg_size,
-                segment_index_[seg]
-            );
-            pos += seg_size;
-        }
-
-        // instantiate the mechanism
-        mechanisms_.push_back(
-            mechanism_catalogue::make(mech.first, voltage_, current_, compartment_index)
-        );
-    }
-
-    synapse_base_ = mechanisms_.size();
-
-    // Create the synapse mechanism implementations together with the target handles
-    std::vector<std::vector<cell_lid_type>> syn_mech_map;
-    std::map<std::string, std::size_t> syn_mech_indices;
-    auto target_hi = target_handles.begin();
-
-    for (const auto& syn : cell.synapses()) {
-        const auto& name = syn.mechanism.name();
-        std::size_t index = 0;
-        if (syn_mech_indices.count(name)==0) {
-            index = syn_mech_map.size();
-            syn_mech_indices[name] = index;
-            syn_mech_map.push_back(std::vector<cell_lid_type>{});
-        }
-        else {
-            index = syn_mech_indices[name];
-        }
-
-        size_type comp = find_compartment_index(syn.location, graph);
-        *target_hi++ = target_handle{index, syn_mech_map[index].size()};
-        syn_mech_map[index].push_back(comp);
-    }
-
-    for (const auto& syni : syn_mech_indices) {
-        const auto& mech_name = syni.first;
-
-        index_type compartment_index(syn_mech_map[syni.second]);
-        auto mech = mechanism_catalogue::make(mech_name, voltage_, current_, compartment_index);
-        mech->set_areas(cv_areas_);
-        mechanisms_.push_back(std::move(mech));
-    }
-
-
-    /////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // build the ion species
-    /////////////////////////////////////////////
-    for(auto ion : mechanisms::ion_kinds()) {
-        // find the compartment indexes of all compartments that have a
-        // mechanism that depends on/influences ion
-        std::set<int> index_set;
-        for(auto& mech : mechanisms_) {
-            if(mech->uses_ion(ion)) {
-                for(auto idx : mech->node_index()) {
-                    index_set.insert(idx);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        std::vector<cell_lid_type> indexes(index_set.begin(), index_set.end());
-
-        // create the ion state
-        if(indexes.size()) {
-            ions_.emplace(ion, index_type(indexes));
-        }
-
-        // join the ion reference in each mechanism into the cell-wide ion state
-        for(auto& mech : mechanisms_) {
-            if(mech->uses_ion(ion)) {
-                mech->set_ion(ion, ions_[ion]);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // FIXME: Hard code parameters for now.
-    //        Take defaults for reversal potential of sodium and potassium from
-    //        the default values in Neuron.
-    //        Neuron's defaults are defined in the file
-    //          nrn/src/nrnoc/membdef.h
-    auto all = memory::all;
-
-    constexpr value_type DEF_vrest = -65.0; // same name as #define in Neuron
-
-    ion_na().reversal_potential()(all)     = 115+DEF_vrest; // mV
-    ion_na().internal_concentration()(all) =  10.0;         // mM
-    ion_na().external_concentration()(all) = 140.0;         // mM
-
-    ion_k().reversal_potential()(all)     = -12.0+DEF_vrest;// mV
-    ion_k().internal_concentration()(all) =  54.4;          // mM
-    ion_k().external_concentration()(all) =  2.5;           // mM
-
-    ion_ca().reversal_potential()(all)     = 12.5 * std::log(2.0/5e-5);// mV
-    ion_ca().internal_concentration()(all) = 5e-5;          // mM
-    ion_ca().external_concentration()(all) = 2.0;           // mM
-
-    // add the stimuli
-    for(const auto& stim : cell.stimuli()) {
-        auto idx = find_compartment_index(stim.location, graph);
-        stimuli_.push_back( {idx, stim.clamp} );
-    }
-
-    // record probe locations by index into corresponding state vector
-    auto probe_hi = probe_handles.begin();
-    for (auto probe : cell.probes()) {
-        auto comp = find_compartment_index(probe.location, graph);
-        switch (probe.kind) {
-        case probeKind::membrane_voltage:
-            *probe_hi = {&fvm_cell::voltage_, comp};
-            break;
-        case probeKind::membrane_current:
-            *probe_hi = {&fvm_cell::current_, comp};
-            break;
-        default:
-            throw std::logic_error("unrecognized probeKind");
-        }
-        ++probe_hi;
-    }
-
-    // detector handles are just their corresponding compartment indices
-    auto detector_hi = detector_handles.begin();
-    for (auto detector : cell.detectors()) {
-        auto comp = find_compartment_index(detector.location, graph);
-        *detector_hi++ = comp;
-    }
-
-    // initialise mechanism and voltage state
-    reset();
-}
-
-template <typename T, typename I>
-void fvm_cell<T, I>::setup_matrix(T dt) {
-    using memory::all;
-
-    // convenience accesors to matrix storage
-    auto l = matrix_.l();
-    auto d = matrix_.d();
-    auto u = matrix_.u();
-    auto p = matrix_.p();
-    auto rhs = matrix_.rhs();
-
-    //  The matrix has the following layout in memory
-    //  where j is the parent index of i, i.e. i<j
-    //
-    //      d[i] is the diagonal entry at a_ii
-    //      u[i] is the upper triangle entry at a_ji
-    //      l[i] is the lower triangle entry at a_ij
-    //
-    //       d[j] . . u[i]
-    //        .  .     .
-    //        .     .  .
-    //       l[i] . . d[i]
-    //
-
-    d(all) = cv_areas_; // [µm^2]
-    for (auto i=1u; i<d.size(); ++i) {
-        auto a = 1e5*dt * face_alpha_[i];
-
-        d[i] +=  a;
-        l[i]  = -a;
-        u[i]  = -a;
-
-        // add contribution to the diagonal of parent
-        d[p[i]] += a;
-    }
-
-    // the RHS of the linear system is
-    //      V[i] - dt/cm*(im - ie)
-    auto factor = 10.*dt; //  units: 10·ms/(F/m^2)·(mA/cm^2) ≡ mV
-    for(auto i=0u; i<d.size(); ++i) {
-        rhs[i] = cv_areas_[i]*(voltage_[i] - factor/cv_capacitance_[i]*current_[i]);
-    }
-}
-
-template <typename T, typename I>
-void fvm_cell<T, I>::reset() {
-    voltage_(memory::all) = resting_potential_;
-    t_ = 0.;
-    for (auto& m : mechanisms_) {
-        m->nrn_init();
-    }
-}
-
-template <typename T, typename I>
-void fvm_cell<T, I>::advance(T dt) {
-    using memory::all;
-
-    PE("current");
-    current_(all) = 0.;
-
-    // update currents from ion channels
-    for(auto& m : mechanisms_) {
-        PE(m->name().c_str());
-        m->set_params(t_, dt);
-        m->nrn_current();
-        PL();
-    }
-
-    // add current contributions from stimuli
-    for (auto& stim : stimuli_) {
-        auto ie = stim.second.amplitude(t_); // [nA]
-        auto loc = stim.first;
-
-        // note: current_ in [mA/cm^2], ie in [nA], cv_areas_ in [µm^2].
-        // unit scale factor: [nA/µm^2]/[mA/cm^2] = 100
-        current_[loc] -= 100*ie/cv_areas_[loc];
-    }
-    PL();
-
-    // solve the linear system
-    PE("matrix", "setup");
-    setup_matrix(dt);
-    PL(); PE("solve");
-    matrix_.solve();
-    PL();
-    voltage_(all) = matrix_.rhs();
-    PL();
-
-    // integrate state of gating variables etc.
-    PE("state");
-    for(auto& m : mechanisms_) {
-        PE(m->name().c_str());
-        m->nrn_state();
-        PL();
-    }
-    PL();
-
-    t_ += dt;
-}
-
-} // namespace fvm
-} // namespace mc
-} // namespace nest
-
diff --git a/src/fvm_multicell.hpp b/src/fvm_multicell.hpp
index fcad113b5f8b8a35a23e326d7ff6654aebe3b83c..b60059e4a184758c91726c733956804e76ad9a43 100644
--- a/src/fvm_multicell.hpp
+++ b/src/fvm_multicell.hpp
@@ -8,26 +8,23 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <algorithms.hpp>
+#include <backends/fvm.hpp>
 #include <cell.hpp>
 #include <compartment.hpp>
 #include <event_queue.hpp>
 #include <ion.hpp>
 #include <math.hpp>
 #include <matrix.hpp>
-#include <mechanism.hpp>
-#include <mechanism_catalogue.hpp>
+#include <memory/memory.hpp>
 #include <profiling/profiler.hpp>
 #include <segment.hpp>
 #include <stimulus.hpp>
-#include <util.hpp>
 #include <util/debug.hpp>
 #include <util/meta.hpp>
 #include <util/partition.hpp>
 #include <util/rangeutil.hpp>
 #include <util/span.hpp>
 
-#include <vector/include/Vector.hpp>
-
 namespace nest {
 namespace mc {
 namespace fvm {
@@ -45,30 +42,33 @@ inline int find_cv_index(const segment_location& loc, const compartment_model& g
     return index;
 };
 
-template <typename Value, typename Index>
+template<class Backend>
 class fvm_multicell {
 public:
-    fvm_multicell() = default;
+    using backend = Backend;
 
     /// the real number type
-    using value_type = Value;
+    using value_type = typename backend::value_type;
 
     /// the integral index type
-    using size_type = Index;
-
-    /// the container used for indexes
-    using index_type = memory::HostVector<size_type>;
+    using size_type = typename backend::size_type;
 
     /// the container used for values
-    using vector_type = memory::HostVector<value_type>;
+    using array = typename backend::array;
+    using host_array = typename backend::host_array;
+
+    /// the container used for indexes
+    using iarray = typename backend::iarray;
 
-    /// API for cell_group (see above):
+    using matrix_assembler = typename backend::matrix_assembler;
 
     using detector_handle = size_type;
     using target_handle = std::pair<size_type, size_type>;
-    using probe_handle = std::pair<const vector_type fvm_multicell::*, size_type>;
+    using probe_handle = std::pair<const array fvm_multicell::*, size_type>;
 
-    using stimulus_store_type = std::vector<std::pair<std::uint32_t, i_clamp>>;
+    using stimulus_store_type = std::vector<std::pair<size_type, i_clamp>>;
+
+    fvm_multicell() = default;
 
     void resting_potential(value_type potential_mV) {
         resting_potential_ = potential_mV;
@@ -95,79 +95,70 @@ public:
         return (this->*h.first)[h.second];
     }
 
-    void advance(value_type dt);
+    /// integrate all cell state forward in time
+    void advance(double dt);
 
     /// Following types and methods are public only for testing:
 
     /// the type used to store matrix information
-    using matrix_type = matrix<value_type, size_type>;
+    using matrix_type = matrix<backend>;
 
     /// mechanism type
-    using mechanism_type =
-        nest::mc::mechanisms::mechanism_ptr<value_type, size_type>;
+    using mechanism = typename backend::mechanism;
 
     /// ion species storage
-    using ion_type = mechanisms::ion<value_type, size_type>;
+    using ion = typename backend::ion;
 
     /// view into index container
-    using index_view = typename index_type::view_type;
-    using const_index_view = typename index_type::const_view_type;
+    using iview = typename backend::iview;
+    using const_iview = typename backend::const_iview;
 
     /// view into value container
-    using vector_view = typename vector_type::view_type;
-    using const_vector_view = typename vector_type::const_view_type;
-
-    /// build the matrix for a given time step
-    void setup_matrix(value_type dt);
+    using view = typename backend::view;
+    using const_view = typename backend::const_view;
 
     /// which requires const_view in the vector library
-    const matrix_type& jacobian() {
-        return matrix_;
-    }
+    const matrix_type& jacobian() { return matrix_; }
 
     /// return list of CV areas in :
     ///          um^2
     ///     1e-6.mm^2
     ///     1e-8.cm^2
-    const_vector_view cv_areas() const {
-        return cv_areas_;
-    }
+    const_view cv_areas() const { return cv_areas_; }
 
     /// return the capacitance of each CV surface
     /// this is the total capacitance, not per unit area,
     /// i.e. equivalent to sigma_i * c_m
-    const_vector_view cv_capacitance() const {
-        return cv_capacitance_;
-    }
+    const_view cv_capacitance() const { return cv_capacitance_; }
 
     /// return the voltage in each CV
-    vector_view       voltage()       { return voltage_; }
-    const_vector_view voltage() const { return voltage_; }
+    view       voltage()       { return voltage_; }
+    const_view voltage() const { return voltage_; }
 
     /// return the current in each CV
-    vector_view       current()       { return current_; }
-    const_vector_view current() const { return current_; }
+    view       current()       { return current_; }
+    const_view current() const { return current_; }
 
     std::size_t size() const { return matrix_.size(); }
 
     /// return reference to in iterable container of the mechanisms
-    std::vector<mechanism_type>& mechanisms() { return mechanisms_; }
+    std::vector<mechanism>& mechanisms() { return mechanisms_; }
 
     /// return reference to list of ions
-    std::map<mechanisms::ionKind, ion_type>&       ions()       { return ions_; }
-    std::map<mechanisms::ionKind, ion_type> const& ions() const { return ions_; }
+    std::map<mechanisms::ionKind, ion>&       ions()       { return ions_; }
+    std::map<mechanisms::ionKind, ion> const& ions() const { return ions_; }
 
     /// return reference to sodium ion
-    ion_type&       ion_na()       { return ions_[mechanisms::ionKind::na]; }
-    ion_type const& ion_na() const { return ions_[mechanisms::ionKind::na]; }
+    ion&       ion_na()       { return ions_[mechanisms::ionKind::na]; }
+    ion const& ion_na() const { return ions_[mechanisms::ionKind::na]; }
 
     /// return reference to calcium ion
-    ion_type&       ion_ca()       { return ions_[mechanisms::ionKind::ca]; }
-    ion_type const& ion_ca() const { return ions_[mechanisms::ionKind::ca]; }
+    ion&       ion_ca()       { return ions_[mechanisms::ionKind::ca]; }
+    ion const& ion_ca() const { return ions_[mechanisms::ionKind::ca]; }
 
     /// return reference to pottasium ion
-    ion_type&       ion_k()       { return ions_[mechanisms::ionKind::k]; }
-    ion_type const& ion_k() const { return ions_[mechanisms::ionKind::k]; }
+    ion&       ion_k()       { return ions_[mechanisms::ionKind::k]; }
+    ion const& ion_k() const { return ions_[mechanisms::ionKind::k]; }
 
     /// flags if solution is physically realistic.
     /// here we define physically realistic as the voltage being within reasonable bounds.
@@ -201,57 +192,59 @@ private:
     /// the linear system for implicit time stepping of cell state
     matrix_type matrix_;
 
-    /// index for fast lookup of compartment index ranges of segments
-    index_type segment_index_;
+    /// the helper used to construct the matrix
+    matrix_assembler matrix_assembler_;
 
     /// cv_areas_[i] is the surface area of CV i [µm^2]
-    vector_type cv_areas_;
+    array cv_areas_;
 
     /// alpha_[i] is the following value at the CV face between
     /// CV i and its parent, required when constructing linear system
     ///     face_alpha_[i] = area_face  / (c_m * r_L * delta_x);
-    vector_type face_alpha_; // [µm·m^2/cm/s ≡ 10^5 µm^2/ms]
+    array face_alpha_; // [µm·m^2/cm/s ≡ 10^5 µm^2/ms]
 
     /// cv_capacitance_[i] is the capacitance of CV i per unit area (i.e. c_m) [F/m^2]
-    vector_type cv_capacitance_;
+    array cv_capacitance_;
 
     /// the average current density over the surface of each CV [mA/cm^2]
     /// current_ = i_m - i_e
-    vector_type current_;
+    array current_;
 
     /// the potential in each CV [mV]
-    vector_type voltage_;
-
-    /// Where point mechanisms start in the mechanisms_ list.
-    std::size_t synapse_base_;
+    array voltage_;
 
     /// the set of mechanisms present in the cell
-    std::vector<mechanism_type> mechanisms_;
+    std::vector<mechanism> mechanisms_;
 
     /// the ion species
-    std::map<mechanisms::ionKind, ion_type> ions_;
+    std::map<mechanisms::ionKind, ion> ions_;
 
     stimulus_store_type stimuli_;
 
-    std::vector<std::pair<const vector_type fvm_multicell::*, uint32_t>> probes_;
-
-    // mechanism factory
-    using mechanism_catalogue = nest::mc::mechanisms::catalogue<value_type, size_type>;
+    std::vector<std::pair<const array fvm_multicell::*, size_type>> probes_;
 
     // perform area and capacitance calculation on initialization
     void compute_cv_area_unnormalized_capacitance(
-        std::pair<size_type, size_type> comp_ival, const segment* seg, index_type &parent);
+        std::pair<size_type, size_type> comp_ival,
+        const segment* seg,
+        const std::vector<size_type>& parent,
+        std::vector<value_type>& tmp_face_alpha,
+        std::vector<value_type>& tmp_cv_areas,
+        std::vector<value_type>& tmp_cv_capacitance
+    );
 };
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //////////////////////////////// Implementation ////////////////////////////////
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-template <typename T, typename I>
-void fvm_multicell<T, I>::compute_cv_area_unnormalized_capacitance(
+template <typename Backend>
+void fvm_multicell<Backend>::compute_cv_area_unnormalized_capacitance(
     std::pair<size_type, size_type> comp_ival,
     const segment* seg,
-    index_type &parent)
+    const std::vector<size_type>& parent,
+    std::vector<value_type>& tmp_face_alpha,
+    std::vector<value_type>& tmp_cv_areas,
+    std::vector<value_type>& tmp_cv_capacitance)
 {
     // precondition: group_parent_index[j] holds the correct value for
     // j in [base_comp, base_comp+segment.num_compartments()].
@@ -266,8 +259,8 @@ void fvm_multicell<T, I>::compute_cv_area_unnormalized_capacitance(
         auto i = comp_ival.first;
         auto area = math::area_sphere(soma->radius());
 
-        cv_areas_[i] += area;
-        cv_capacitance_[i] += area * soma->mechanism("membrane").get("c_m").value;
+        tmp_cv_areas[i] += area;
+        tmp_cv_capacitance[i] += area * soma->mechanism("membrane").get("c_m").value;
     }
     else if (auto cable = seg->as_cable()) {
         // Loop over each compartment in the cable
@@ -337,15 +330,15 @@ void fvm_multicell<T, I>::compute_cv_area_unnormalized_capacitance(
             auto h = h1+h2;
 
             auto conductance = 1/r_L*h*V1*V2/(h2*h2*V1+h1*h1*V2);
-            face_alpha_[i] = conductance / (c_m * h);
+            tmp_face_alpha[i] = conductance / (c_m * h);
 
             auto al = div.left.area;
             auto ar = div.right.area;
 
-            cv_areas_[j] += al;
-            cv_areas_[i] += ar;
-            cv_capacitance_[j] += al * c_m;
-            cv_capacitance_[i] += ar * c_m;
+            tmp_cv_areas[j] += al;
+            tmp_cv_areas[i] += ar;
+            tmp_cv_capacitance[j] += al * c_m;
+            tmp_cv_capacitance[i] += ar * c_m;
         }
     }
     else {
@@ -353,28 +346,29 @@ void fvm_multicell<T, I>::compute_cv_area_unnormalized_capacitance(
     }
 }
 
-template <typename T, typename I>
+template <typename Backend>
 template <typename Cells, typename Detectors, typename Targets, typename Probes>
-void fvm_multicell<T, I>::initialize(
+void fvm_multicell<Backend>::initialize(
     const Cells& cells,
     Detectors& detector_handles,
     Targets& target_handles,
     Probes& probe_handles)
 {
+    using memory::make_const_view;
     using util::assign_by;
-    using util::sort_by;
-    using util::transform_view;
     using util::make_partition;
     using util::make_span;
     using util::size;
+    using util::sort_by;
+    using util::transform_view;
 
     // count total detectors, targets and probes for validation of handle container sizes
-    size_type detectors_count = 0u;
-    size_type targets_count = 0u;
-    size_type probes_count = 0u;
-    size_type detectors_size = size(detector_handles);
-    size_type targets_size = size(target_handles);
-    size_type probes_size = size(probe_handles);
+    std::size_t detectors_count = 0u;
+    std::size_t targets_count = 0u;
+    std::size_t probes_count = 0u;
+    auto detectors_size = size(detector_handles);
+    auto targets_size = size(target_handles);
+    auto probes_size = size(probe_handles);
 
     auto ncell = size(cells);
     auto cell_num_compartments =
@@ -385,11 +379,8 @@ void fvm_multicell<T, I>::initialize(
     auto ncomp = cell_comp_part.bounds().second;
 
     // initialize storage from total compartment count
-    cv_areas_   = vector_type{ncomp, T{0}};
-    face_alpha_ = vector_type{ncomp, T{0}};
-    cv_capacitance_ = vector_type{ncomp, T{0}};
-    current_    = vector_type{ncomp, T{0}};
-    voltage_    = vector_type{ncomp, T{resting_potential_}};
+    current_ = array(ncomp, 0);
+    voltage_ = array(ncomp, resting_potential_);
 
     // create maps for mechanism initialization.
     std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::pair<size_type, size_type>>> mech_map;
@@ -397,14 +388,28 @@ void fvm_multicell<T, I>::initialize(
     std::map<std::string, std::size_t> syn_mech_indices;
 
     // initialize vector used for matrix creation.
-    index_type group_parent_index{ncomp, 0};
+    std::vector<size_type> group_parent_index(ncomp);
 
     // create each cell:
     auto target_hi = target_handles.begin();
     auto detector_hi = detector_handles.begin();
     auto probe_hi = probe_handles.begin();
 
-    for (size_type i = 0; i<ncell; ++i) {
+    // allocate scratch vectors
+    std::vector<value_type> tmp_face_alpha(ncomp);
+    std::vector<value_type> tmp_cv_areas(ncomp);
+    std::vector<value_type> tmp_cv_capacitance(ncomp);
+
+    // Iterate over the input cells and build the indexes etc that descrbe the
+    // fused cell group. On completion:
+    //  - group_paranet_index contains the full parent index for the fused cells.
+    //  - mech_map and syn_mech_map provide a map from mechanism names to an
+    //    iterable container of compartment ranges, which are used later to
+    //    generate the node index for each mechanism kind.
+    //  - the tmp_* vectors contain compartment-specific information for each
+    //    compartment in the fused cell group (areas, capacitance, etc).
+    //  - each probe, stimulus and detector is attached to its compartment.
+    for (auto i: make_span(0, ncell)) {
         const auto& c = cells[i];
         auto comp_ival = cell_comp_part[i];
 
@@ -419,13 +424,16 @@ void fvm_multicell<T, I>::initialize(
         auto nseg = seg_num_compartments.size();
 
         std::vector<cell_lid_type> seg_comp_bounds;
-        auto seg_comp_part = make_partition(seg_comp_bounds, seg_num_compartments, comp_ival.first);
+        auto seg_comp_part =
+            make_partition(seg_comp_bounds, seg_num_compartments, comp_ival.first);
 
         for (size_type j = 0; j<nseg; ++j) {
             const auto& seg = c.segment(j);
             const auto& seg_comp_ival = seg_comp_part[j];
 
-            compute_cv_area_unnormalized_capacitance(seg_comp_ival, seg, group_parent_index);
+            compute_cv_area_unnormalized_capacitance(
+                seg_comp_ival, seg, group_parent_index,
+                tmp_face_alpha, tmp_cv_areas, tmp_cv_capacitance);
 
             for (const auto& mech: seg->mechanisms()) {
                 if (mech.name()!="membrane") {
@@ -442,7 +450,7 @@ void fvm_multicell<T, I>::initialize(
             if (syn_mech_indices.count(name)==0) {
                 syn_mech_index = syn_mech_map.size();
                 syn_mech_indices[name] = syn_mech_index;
-                syn_mech_map.push_back(std::vector<size_type>{});
+                syn_mech_map.push_back({});
             }
             else {
                 syn_mech_index = syn_mech_indices[name];
@@ -454,11 +462,6 @@ void fvm_multicell<T, I>::initialize(
             map_entry.push_back(syn_comp);
         }
 
-        // normalize capacitance across cell
-        for (auto k: make_span(comp_ival)) {
-            cv_capacitance_[k] /= cv_areas_[k];
-        }
-
         // add the stimuli
         for (const auto& stim: c.stimuli()) {
             auto idx = comp_ival.first+find_cv_index(stim.location, graph);
@@ -493,13 +496,32 @@ void fvm_multicell<T, I>::initialize(
         }
     }
 
+    // confirm user-supplied containers for detectors and probes were
+    // appropriately sized.
+    EXPECTS(detectors_size==detectors_count);
+    EXPECTS(probes_size==probes_count);
+
+    // normalize capacitance across cell
+    for (auto i: util::make_span(0, ncomp)) {
+        tmp_cv_capacitance[i] /= tmp_cv_areas[i];
+    }
+
+    // store the geometric information in target-specific containers
+    face_alpha_     = make_const_view(tmp_face_alpha);
+    cv_areas_       = make_const_view(tmp_cv_areas);
+    cv_capacitance_ = make_const_view(tmp_cv_capacitance);
+
     // initalize matrix
-    matrix_ = matrix_type(group_parent_index);
+    matrix_ = matrix_type(group_parent_index, cell_comp_bounds);
 
-    // create density mechanisms
-    std::vector<size_type> mech_comp_indices;
-    mech_comp_indices.reserve(ncomp);
+    matrix_assembler_ = matrix_assembler(
+        matrix_.d(), matrix_.u(), matrix_.rhs(), matrix_.p(),
+        cv_areas_, face_alpha_, voltage_, current_, cv_capacitance_);
 
+    // For each density mechanism build the full node index, i.e the list of
+    // compartments with that mechanism, then build the mechanism instance.
+    std::vector<size_type> mech_comp_indices(ncomp);
+    std::map<std::string, std::vector<size_type>> mech_index_map;
     for (auto& mech: mech_map) {
         mech_comp_indices.clear();
         for (auto comp_ival: mech.second) {
@@ -507,12 +529,14 @@ void fvm_multicell<T, I>::initialize(
         }
 
         mechanisms_.push_back(
-            mechanism_catalogue::make(mech.first, voltage_, current_, mech_comp_indices)
+            backend::make_mechanism(mech.first, voltage_, current_, mech_comp_indices)
         );
+
+        // save the indices for easy lookup later in initialization
+        mech_index_map[mech.first] = mech_comp_indices;
     }
 
-    // create point (synapse) mechanisms
-    synapse_base_ = mechanisms_.size();
+    // Create point (synapse) mechanisms
     for (const auto& syni: syn_mech_indices) {
         const auto& mech_name = syni.first;
         size_type mech_index = mechanisms_.size();
@@ -542,39 +566,41 @@ void fvm_multicell<T, I>::initialize(
         target_hi = std::copy_n(std::begin(handles), n_indices, target_hi);
         targets_count += n_indices;
 
-        auto mech = mechanism_catalogue::make(mech_name, voltage_, current_, comp_indices);
+        auto mech = backend::make_mechanism(mech_name, voltage_, current_, comp_indices);
         mech->set_areas(cv_areas_);
         mechanisms_.push_back(std::move(mech));
+
+        // save the compartment indexes for this synapse type
+        mech_index_map[mech_name] = comp_indices;
     }
 
-    // confirm write-parameters were appropriately sized
-    EXPECTS(detectors_size==detectors_count);
+    // confirm user-supplied containers for targets are appropriately sized
     EXPECTS(targets_size==targets_count);
-    EXPECTS(probes_size==probes_count);
 
     // build the ion species
-    for(auto ion : mechanisms::ion_kinds()) {
+    for (auto ion : mechanisms::ion_kinds()) {
         // find the compartment indexes of all compartments that have a
         // mechanism that depends on/influences ion
-        std::set<int> index_set;
-        for(auto& mech : mechanisms_) {
+        std::set<size_type> index_set;
+        for (auto const& mech : mechanisms_) {
             if(mech->uses_ion(ion)) {
-                for(auto idx : mech->node_index()) {
-                    index_set.insert(idx);
-                }
+                auto const& ni = mech_index_map[mech->name()];
+                index_set.insert(ni.begin(), ni.end());
             }
         }
-        std::vector<cell_lid_type> indexes(index_set.begin(), index_set.end());
+        std::vector<size_type> indexes(index_set.begin(), index_set.end());
 
         // create the ion state
         if(indexes.size()) {
-            ions_.emplace(ion, index_type(indexes));
+            ions_[ion] = indexes;
         }
 
         // join the ion reference in each mechanism into the cell-wide ion state
-        for(auto& mech : mechanisms_) {
-            if(mech->uses_ion(ion)) {
-                mech->set_ion(ion, ions_[ion]);
+        for (auto& mech : mechanisms_) {
+            if (mech->uses_ion(ion)) {
+                auto const& ni = mech_index_map[mech->name()];
+                mech->set_ion(ion, ions_[ion],
+                    util::make_copy<std::vector<size_type>> (algorithms::index_into(ni, indexes)));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -584,85 +610,40 @@ void fvm_multicell<T, I>::initialize(
     //        the default values in Neuron.
     //        Neuron's defaults are defined in the file
     //          nrn/src/nrnoc/membdef.h
-    auto all = memory::all;
-
     constexpr value_type DEF_vrest = -65.0; // same name as #define in Neuron
 
-    ion_na().reversal_potential()(all)     = 115+DEF_vrest; // mV
-    ion_na().internal_concentration()(all) =  10.0;         // mM
-    ion_na().external_concentration()(all) = 140.0;         // mM
+    memory::fill(ion_na().reversal_potential(),     115+DEF_vrest); // mV
+    memory::fill(ion_na().internal_concentration(),  10.0);         // mM
+    memory::fill(ion_na().external_concentration(), 140.0);         // mM
 
-    ion_k().reversal_potential()(all)     = -12.0+DEF_vrest;// mV
-    ion_k().internal_concentration()(all) =  54.4;          // mM
-    ion_k().external_concentration()(all) =  2.5;           // mM
+    memory::fill(ion_k().reversal_potential(),     -12.0+DEF_vrest);// mV
+    memory::fill(ion_k().internal_concentration(),  54.4);          // mM
+    memory::fill(ion_k().external_concentration(),  2.5);           // mM
 
-    ion_ca().reversal_potential()(all)     = 12.5 * std::log(2.0/5e-5);// mV
-    ion_ca().internal_concentration()(all) = 5e-5;          // mM
-    ion_ca().external_concentration()(all) = 2.0;           // mM
+    memory::fill(ion_ca().reversal_potential(),     12.5*std::log(2.0/5e-5));// mV
+    memory::fill(ion_ca().internal_concentration(), 5e-5);          // mM
+    memory::fill(ion_ca().external_concentration(), 2.0);           // mM
 
     // initialise mechanism and voltage state
     reset();
 }
 
-template <typename T, typename I>
-void fvm_multicell<T, I>::setup_matrix(T dt) {
-    using memory::all;
-
-    // convenience accesors to matrix storage
-    auto l = matrix_.l();
-    auto d = matrix_.d();
-    auto u = matrix_.u();
-    auto p = matrix_.p();
-    auto rhs = matrix_.rhs();
-
-    //  The matrix has the following layout in memory
-    //  where j is the parent index of i, i.e. i<j
-    //
-    //      d[i] is the diagonal entry at a_ii
-    //      u[i] is the upper triangle entry at a_ji
-    //      l[i] is the lower triangle entry at a_ij
-    //
-    //       d[j] . . u[i]
-    //        .  .     .
-    //        .     .  .
-    //       l[i] . . d[i]
-    //
-
-    d(all) = cv_areas_; // [µm^2]
-    for (auto i=1u; i<d.size(); ++i) {
-        auto a = 1e5*dt * face_alpha_[i];
-
-        d[i] +=  a;
-        l[i]  = -a;
-        u[i]  = -a;
-
-        // add contribution to the diagonal of parent
-        d[p[i]] += a;
-    }
-
-    // the RHS of the linear system is
-    //      V[i] - dt/cm*(im - ie)
-    auto factor = 10.*dt; //  units: 10·ms/(F/m^2)·(mA/cm^2) ≡ mV
-    for(auto i=0u; i<d.size(); ++i) {
-        rhs[i] = cv_areas_[i]*(voltage_[i] - factor/cv_capacitance_[i]*current_[i]);
-    }
-}
-
-template <typename T, typename I>
-void fvm_multicell<T, I>::reset() {
-    voltage_(memory::all) = resting_potential_;
+template <typename Backend>
+void fvm_multicell<Backend>::reset() {
+    memory::fill(voltage_, resting_potential_);
     t_ = 0.;
     for (auto& m : mechanisms_) {
+        // TODO : the parameters have to be set before the nrn_init
+        // for now use a dummy value of dt.
+        m->set_params(t_, 0.025);
         m->nrn_init();
     }
 }
 
-template <typename T, typename I>
-void fvm_multicell<T, I>::advance(T dt) {
-    using memory::all;
-
+template <typename Backend>
+void fvm_multicell<Backend>::advance(double dt) {
     PE("current");
-    current_(all) = 0.;
+    memory::fill(current_, 0.);
 
     // update currents from ion channels
     for(auto& m : mechanisms_) {
@@ -672,6 +653,9 @@ void fvm_multicell<T, I>::advance(T dt) {
         PL();
     }
 
+    // TODO KERNEL: the stimulus might have to become a "proper" mechanism
+    // so that the update kernel is fully implemented on GPU.
+
     // add current contributions from stimuli
     for (auto& stim : stimuli_) {
         auto ie = stim.second.amplitude(t_); // [nA]
@@ -679,17 +663,19 @@ void fvm_multicell<T, I>::advance(T dt) {
 
         // note: current_ in [mA/cm^2], ie in [nA], cv_areas_ in [µm^2].
         // unit scale factor: [nA/µm^2]/[mA/cm^2] = 100
-        current_[loc] -= 100*ie/cv_areas_[loc];
+        if (ie!=0.) {
+            current_[loc] = current_[loc] - 100*ie/cv_areas_[loc];
+        }
     }
     PL();
 
     // solve the linear system
     PE("matrix", "setup");
-    setup_matrix(dt);
+    matrix_assembler_.assemble(dt);
     PL(); PE("solve");
     matrix_.solve();
     PL();
-    voltage_(all) = matrix_.rhs();
+    memory::copy(matrix_.rhs(), voltage_);
     PL();
 
     // integrate state of gating variables etc.
@@ -707,4 +693,3 @@ void fvm_multicell<T, I>::advance(T dt) {
 } // namespace fvm
 } // namespace mc
 } // namespace nest
-
diff --git a/src/indexed_view.hpp b/src/indexed_view.hpp
index 0cbc22a91b3235f70af6b851050af5e5fdefa3a2..55c0e0a305507d99ffe9e584f0c3954ef7980816 100644
--- a/src/indexed_view.hpp
+++ b/src/indexed_view.hpp
@@ -1,48 +1,37 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <vector/include/Vector.hpp>
+#include <memory/memory.hpp>
 
 namespace nest {
 namespace mc {
 
-template <typename T, typename I>
+template <typename Backend>
 struct indexed_view {
-    using value_type      = T;
-    using size_type       = I;
-    using view_type       = typename memory::HostVector<T>::view_type;
-    using index_view_type = typename memory::HostVector<I>::view_type;;
-
-    view_type       view;
-    index_view_type index; // TODO make this a const view
-
-    indexed_view(view_type v, index_view_type i)
-    :   view(v),
-        index(i)
+    using backend = Backend;
+    using value_type  = typename backend::value_type;
+    using size_type   = typename backend::size_type;
+    using view        = typename backend::view;
+    using const_iview = typename backend::const_iview;
+    using reference   = typename view::reference;
+    using const_reference = typename view::const_reference;
+
+    view data;
+    const_iview index;
+
+    indexed_view(view v, const_iview i):
+        data(v), index(i)
     {}
 
-    size_type size() const
-    {
+    std::size_t size() const {
         return index.size();
     }
 
-    // TODO
-    //
-    //  these should either
-    //      - return the internal reference type implementations from the containers
-    //          e.g. the GPU reference that does a copy-on-read from GPU memory
-    //      - or ensure that the result of dereferencing these is properly handled
-    //          i.e. by just returning a value for the const version
-
-    value_type&
-    operator[] (const size_type i)
-    {
-        return view[index[i]];
+    reference operator[] (std::size_t i) {
+        return data[index[i]];
     }
 
-    value_type const&
-    operator[] (const size_type i) const
-    {
-        return view[index[i]];
+    const_reference operator[] (std::size_t i) const {
+        return data[index[i]];
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/src/io/exporter_spike_file.hpp b/src/io/exporter_spike_file.hpp
index 67c714209becbe140d2244a8a7e28552c41d7b8c..117b76b92069c8209cd424af6c1132554e7a820b 100644
--- a/src/io/exporter_spike_file.hpp
+++ b/src/io/exporter_spike_file.hpp
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 
 #include <common_types.hpp>
 #include <io/exporter.hpp>
+#include <util/file.hpp>
 #include <spike.hpp>
-#include <util.hpp>
 
 namespace nest {
 namespace mc {
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public:
                 file_name, path, file_extension, communication_policy_.id());
 
         //test if the file exist and depending on over_write throw or delete
-        if (!over_write && file_exists(file_path_)) {
+        if (!over_write && util::file_exists(file_path_)) {
             throw std::runtime_error(
                 "Tried opening file for writing but it exists and over_write is false: " + file_path_);
         }
@@ -85,10 +85,6 @@ public:
     }
 
 private:
-    bool file_exists(const std::string& file_path) {
-        std::ifstream fid(file_path);
-        return fid.good();
-    }
 
     // Handle to opened file handle
     std::ofstream file_handle_;
diff --git a/src/ion.hpp b/src/ion.hpp
index 8f526ade3358dac54722f3bfd96a003870412623..9065e9c85c9762d627060806a172ac25faf02193 100644
--- a/src/ion.hpp
+++ b/src/ion.hpp
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <vector/include/Vector.hpp>
+#include <memory/memory.hpp>
 
-#include "indexed_view.hpp"
+#include <indexed_view.hpp>
 
 namespace nest {
 namespace mc {
 namespace mechanisms {
 
-/*******************************************************************************
-
-  ion channels have the following fields :
+/*
+  Ion channels have the following fields, whose label corresponds to that
+  in NEURON. We give them more easily understood accessors.
 
     ---------------------------------------------------
     label   Ca      Na      K   name
@@ -21,14 +21,13 @@ namespace mechanisms {
     Xo      cao     nao     ko  external_concentration
     gX      gca     gna     gk  conductance
     ---------------------------------------------------
-*******************************************************************************/
+*/
 
-/// let's enumerate the ion channel types
+/// enumerate the ion channel types
 enum class ionKind {ca, na, k};
 
-[[gnu::unused]] static
-std::string to_string(ionKind k)
-{
+inline static
+std::string to_string(ionKind k) {
     switch(k) {
         case ionKind::na : return "sodium";
         case ionKind::ca : return "calcium";
@@ -37,73 +36,73 @@ std::string to_string(ionKind k)
     return "unkown";
 }
 
-/// and a little helper to iterate over them
-[[gnu::unused]] static
-std::vector<ionKind> ion_kinds()
-{
+/// a helper for iterting over the ion species
+constexpr std::array<ionKind, 3> ion_kinds() {
     return {ionKind::ca, ionKind::na, ionKind::k};
 }
 
 /// storage for ion channel information in a cell group
-template<typename T, typename I>
+template<typename Backend>
 class ion {
 public :
+    using backend = Backend;
+
     // expose tempalte parameters
-    using value_type  = T;
-    using size_type   = I;
+    using value_type = typename backend::value_type;
+    using size_type = typename backend::size_type;
 
     // define storage types
-    using vector_type      = memory::HostVector<value_type>;
-    using index_type       = memory::HostVector<size_type>;
-    using vector_view_type = typename vector_type::view_type;
-    using index_view_type  = typename index_type::view_type;
+    using array = typename backend::array;
+    using iarray = typename backend::iarray;
+    using view = typename backend::view;
+    using const_iview = typename backend::const_iview;
 
-    using indexed_view_type = indexed_view<value_type, size_type>;
+    using indexed_view_type = indexed_view<backend>;
 
     ion() = default;
 
-    ion(index_view_type idx)
-    :   node_index_{idx}
-    ,   iX_{idx.size(), std::numeric_limits<value_type>::quiet_NaN()}
-    ,   eX_{idx.size(), std::numeric_limits<value_type>::quiet_NaN()}
-    ,   Xi_{idx.size(), std::numeric_limits<value_type>::quiet_NaN()}
-    ,   Xo_{idx.size(), std::numeric_limits<value_type>::quiet_NaN()}
-    { }
+    ion(const std::vector<size_type>& idx) :
+        node_index_{memory::make_const_view(idx)},
+        iX_{idx.size(), std::numeric_limits<value_type>::quiet_NaN()},
+        eX_{idx.size(), std::numeric_limits<value_type>::quiet_NaN()},
+        Xi_{idx.size(), std::numeric_limits<value_type>::quiet_NaN()},
+        Xo_{idx.size(), std::numeric_limits<value_type>::quiet_NaN()}
+    {}
 
     std::size_t memory() const {
         return 4u*size() * sizeof(value_type)
-               +  size() * sizeof(index_type)
+               +  size() * sizeof(iarray)
                +  sizeof(ion);
     }
 
-    vector_view_type current() {
+    view current() {
         return iX_;
     }
-    vector_view_type reversal_potential() {
+    view reversal_potential() {
         return eX_;
     }
-    vector_view_type internal_concentration() {
+    view internal_concentration() {
         return Xi_;
     }
-    vector_view_type external_concentration() {
+    view external_concentration() {
         return Xo_;
     }
 
-    index_type node_index() {
+    const_iview node_index() const {
         return node_index_;
     }
 
-    size_t size() const {
+    std::size_t size() const {
         return node_index_.size();
     }
 
 private :
 
-    index_type node_index_;
-    vector_type iX_;
-    vector_type eX_;
-    vector_type Xi_;
-    vector_type Xo_;
+    iarray node_index_;
+    array iX_;
+    array eX_;
+    array Xi_;
+    array Xo_;
 };
 
 } // namespace mechanisms
diff --git a/src/matrix.hpp b/src/matrix.hpp
index 79b7218bc97fa0b16469ac50dbb5a91dc58c0db6..bf9ca068040e6f3892282a5e96e847c9e451ac19 100644
--- a/src/matrix.hpp
+++ b/src/matrix.hpp
@@ -1,231 +1,116 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <type_traits>
-#include <vector/include/Vector.hpp>
 
-#include "util.hpp"
-#include "util/debug.hpp"
+#include <memory/memory.hpp>
+
+#include <util/debug.hpp>
+#include <util/span.hpp>
 
 namespace nest {
 namespace mc {
 
-/// matrix storage structure
-template<typename T, typename I>
+/// Hines matrix
+/// the TargetPolicy defines the backend specific data types and solver
+template<class Backend>
 class matrix {
-    public:
+public:
+    using backend = Backend;
 
     // define basic types
-    using value_type = T;
-    using size_type  = I;
+    using value_type = typename backend::value_type;
+    using size_type = typename backend::size_type;
 
     // define storage types
-    using vector_type            = memory::HostVector<value_type>;
-    using vector_view_type       = typename vector_type::view_type;
-    using const_vector_view_type = typename vector_type::const_view_type;
-    using index_type             = memory::HostVector<size_type>;
-    using index_view_type        = typename index_type::view_type;
-    using const_index_view_type  = typename index_type::const_view_type;
+    using array = typename backend::array;
+    using iarray = typename backend::iarray;
+
+    using view = typename backend::view;
+    using iview = typename backend::iview;
+    using const_view = typename backend::const_view;
+    using const_iview = typename backend::const_iview;
+
+    using host_array = typename backend::host_array;
 
     matrix() = default;
 
     /// construct matrix for one or more cells, with combined parent index
     /// and a cell index
-    template <
-        typename LHS, typename RHS,
-        typename = typename
-            std::enable_if<
-                util::is_container<LHS>::value &&
-                util::is_container<RHS>::value
-            >
-    >
-    matrix(LHS&& pi, RHS&& ci)
-    :   parent_index_(std::forward<LHS>(pi))
-    ,   cell_index_(std::forward<RHS>(ci))
+    matrix(const std::vector<size_type>& pi, const std::vector<size_type>& ci):
+        parent_index_(memory::make_const_view(pi)),
+        cell_index_(memory::make_const_view(ci))
     {
         setup();
     }
 
     /// construct matrix for a single cell described by a parent index
-    template <
-        typename IDX,
-        typename = typename
-            std::enable_if< util::is_container<IDX>::value >
-    >
-    matrix(IDX&& pi)
-    :   parent_index_(std::forward<IDX>(pi))
-    ,   cell_index_(2)
+    matrix(const std::vector<size_type>& pi):
+        parent_index_(memory::make_const_view(pi)),
+        cell_index_(2)
     {
         cell_index_[0] = 0;
-        cell_index_[1] = size();
+        cell_index_[1] = parent_index_.size();
         setup();
     }
 
     /// the dimension of the matrix (i.e. the number of rows or colums)
-    std::size_t size() const
-    {
+    std::size_t size() const {
         return parent_index_.size();
     }
 
-    /// the total memory used to store the matrix
-    std::size_t memory() const
-    {
-        auto s = 6 * (sizeof(value_type) * size() + sizeof(vector_type));
-        s     += sizeof(size_type) * (parent_index_.size() + cell_index_.size())
-                + 2*sizeof(index_type);
-        s     += sizeof(matrix);
-        return s;
-    }
-
     /// the number of cell matrices that have been packed together
-    size_type num_cells() const
-    {
+    size_type num_cells() const {
         return cell_index_.size() - 1;
     }
 
-    /// FIXME : make modparser use the correct accessors (l,d,u,rhs) instead of these
-    vector_view_type vec_rhs() { return rhs(); }
-    vector_view_type vec_d()   { return d(); }
-    vector_view_type vec_v()   { return v(); }
-
-    const_vector_view_type vec_rhs() const { return rhs(); }
-    const_vector_view_type vec_d()   const { return d(); }
-    const_vector_view_type vec_v()   const { return v(); }
-
-    /// the vector holding the lower part of the matrix
-    vector_view_type l() {
-        return l_;
-    }
-
-    const_vector_view_type l() const {
-        return l_;
-    }
-
     /// the vector holding the diagonal of the matrix
-    vector_view_type d() {
-        return d_;
-    }
-
-    const vector_view_type d() const {
-        return d_;
-    }
+    view d() { return d_; }
+    const_view d() const { return d_; }
 
     /// the vector holding the upper part of the matrix
-    vector_view_type u() {
-        return u_;
-    }
-    const vector_view_type u() const {
-        return u_;
-    }
+    view u() { return u_; }
+    const_view u() const { return u_; }
 
     /// the vector holding the right hand side of the linear equation system
-    vector_view_type rhs() {
-        return rhs_;
-    }
-
-    const_vector_view_type rhs() const {
-        return rhs_;
-    }
-
-    /// the vector holding the solution (voltage)
-    vector_view_type v() {
-        EXPECTS(has_voltage_);
-        return v_;
-    }
-
-    const_vector_view_type v() const {
-        EXPECTS(has_voltage_);
-        return v_;
-    }
+    view rhs() { return rhs_; }
+    const_view rhs() const { return rhs_; }
 
     /// the vector holding the parent index
-    index_view_type p() {
-        return parent_index_;
-    }
-
-    const_index_view_type p() const {
-        return parent_index_;
-    }
+    const_iview p() const { return parent_index_; }
 
-    /// solve the linear system
-    /// upon completion the solution is stored in the RHS storage
-    /// and can be accessed via rhs()
-    void solve()
-    {
-        /*
-        std::cout << "solving matrix :\n";
-        std::cout << "  l   " << l_   << "\n";
-        std::cout << "  d   " << d_   << "\n";
-        std::cout << "  u   " << u_   << "\n";
-        std::cout << "  rhs " << rhs_ << "\n";
-        */
-
-        // FIXME make a const view
-        index_view_type const& p = parent_index_;
-        auto const ncells = num_cells();
-
-        // loop over submatrices
-        for (size_type m=0; m<ncells; ++m) {
-            auto first = cell_index_[m];
-            auto last = cell_index_[m+1];
-
-            // backward sweep
-            for(auto i=last-1; i>first; --i) {
-                auto factor = l_[i] / d_[i];
-                d_[p[i]]   -= factor * u_[i];
-                rhs_[p[i]] -= factor * rhs_[i];
-            }
-            rhs_[first] /= d_[first];
-
-            // forward sweep
-            for(auto i=first+1; i<last; ++i) {
-                rhs_[i] -= u_[i] * rhs_[p[i]];
-                rhs_[i] /= d_[i];
-            }
-        }
-        //std::cout << "  v   " << rhs_ << "\n";
-    }
-
-    void add_voltage(vector_view_type v_ext)
-    {
-        EXPECTS(v_ext.size()==size());
+    /// the patrition of the parent index over the cells
+    const_iview cell_index() const { return cell_index_; }
 
-        std::cout << "============ adding voltage" << std::endl;
-
-        v_ = v_ext;
-        has_voltage_ = true;
+    /// Solve the linear system.
+    /// Upon completion the solution is stored in the RHS storage, which can
+    /// be accessed via rhs().
+    void solve() {
+        backend::hines_solve(d_, u_, rhs_, parent_index_, cell_index_);
     }
 
     private:
 
-    /// allocate memory for storing matrix and right hand side vector
-    void setup()
-    {
+    /// Allocate memory for storing matrix and right hand side vector
+    /// and build the face area contribution to the diagonal
+    void setup() {
         const auto n = size();
-        constexpr auto default_value
-            = std::numeric_limits<value_type>::quiet_NaN();
+        constexpr auto default_value = std::numeric_limits<value_type>::quiet_NaN();
 
-        l_   = vector_type(n, default_value);
-        d_   = vector_type(n, default_value);
-        u_   = vector_type(n, default_value);
-        rhs_ = vector_type(n, default_value);
+        d_   = array(n, default_value);
+        u_   = array(n, default_value);
+        rhs_ = array(n, default_value);
     }
 
     /// the parent indice that describe matrix structure
-    index_type parent_index_;
+    iarray parent_index_;
 
     /// indexes that point to the start of each cell in the index
-    index_type cell_index_;
+    iarray cell_index_;
 
     /// storage for lower, diagonal, upper and rhs
-    vector_type l_;
-    vector_type d_;
-    vector_type u_;
-
-    /// after calling solve, the solution is stored in rhs_
-    vector_type rhs_;
-    vector_view_type v_;
-
-    bool has_voltage_=false;
+    array d_;
+    array u_;
+    array rhs_;
 };
 
 } // namespace nest
diff --git a/src/mechanism.hpp b/src/mechanism.hpp
index d826b2994f4dac39ef15a53f720acf1bf7fae603..5ad78a0937a90933a7d7f59d4ee8c3d12562b884 100644
--- a/src/mechanism.hpp
+++ b/src/mechanism.hpp
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <util/meta.hpp>
 
-#include "indexed_view.hpp"
-#include "ion.hpp"
-#include "parameter_list.hpp"
-#include "util.hpp"
+#include <indexed_view.hpp>
+#include <ion.hpp>
+#include <parameter_list.hpp>
+#include <util/make_unique.hpp>
 
 namespace nest {
 namespace mc {
@@ -16,46 +16,43 @@ namespace mechanisms {
 
 enum class mechanismKind {point, density};
 
-template <typename T, typename I>
+/// The mechanism type is templated on a memory policy type.
+/// The only difference between the abstract definition of a mechanism on host
+/// or gpu is the information is stored, and how it is accessed.
+template <typename Backend>
 class mechanism {
 public:
-    using value_type  = T;
-    using size_type   = I;
+    using backend = Backend;
+
+    using value_type = typename backend::value_type;
+    using size_type = typename backend::size_type;
 
     // define storage types
-    using vector_type = memory::HostVector<value_type>;
-    using view_type   = typename vector_type::view_type;
-    using index_type  = memory::HostVector<size_type>;
-    using index_view  = typename index_type::view_type;
-    using const_index_view  = typename index_type::const_view_type;
-    using indexed_view_type = indexed_view<value_type, size_type>;
+    using array = typename backend::array;
+    using iarray = typename backend::iarray;
+
+    using view = typename backend::view;
+    using iview = typename backend::iview;
+
+    using const_view = typename backend::const_view;
+    using const_iview = typename backend::const_iview;
+
+    using indexed_view_type = indexed_view<backend>;
 
-    using ion_type    = ion<value_type, size_type>;
+    using ion_type = ion<backend>;
 
-    mechanism(view_type vec_v, view_type vec_i, const_index_view node_index):
-        vec_v_(vec_v), vec_i_(vec_i), node_index_(node_index), vec_area_(nullptr, 0)
+    mechanism(view vec_v, view vec_i, iarray&& node_index):
+        vec_v_(vec_v), vec_i_(vec_i), node_index_(std::move(node_index))
     {}
 
-    std::size_t size() const
-    {
+    std::size_t size() const {
         return node_index_.size();
     }
 
-    index_view node_index() const
-    {
+    const_iview node_index() const {
         return node_index_;
     }
 
-    value_type voltage(size_type i) const
-    {
-        return vec_v_[node_index_[i]];
-    }
-
-    value_type current(size_type i) const
-    {
-        return vec_i_[node_index_[i]];
-    }
-
     virtual void set_params(value_type t_, value_type dt_) = 0;
     virtual std::string name() const = 0;
     virtual std::size_t memory() const = 0;
@@ -64,31 +61,31 @@ public:
     virtual void nrn_current()  = 0;
     virtual void net_receive(int, value_type) {};
     virtual bool uses_ion(ionKind) const = 0;
-    virtual void set_ion(ionKind k, ion_type& i) = 0;
+    virtual void set_ion(ionKind k, ion_type& i, const std::vector<size_type>& index) = 0;
 
-    void set_areas(view_type area) {
+    void set_areas(view area) {
         vec_area_ = area;
     }
 
     virtual mechanismKind kind() const = 0;
 
-    view_type vec_v_;
-    view_type vec_i_;
-    index_type node_index_;
-    view_type vec_area_;
+    view vec_v_;
+    view vec_i_;
+    iarray node_index_;
+    view vec_area_;
 };
 
-template <typename T, typename I>
-using mechanism_ptr = std::unique_ptr<mechanism<T,I>>;
+template <class Backend>
+using mechanism_ptr = std::unique_ptr<mechanism<Backend>>;
 
 template <typename M>
-mechanism_ptr<typename M::value_type, typename M::size_type>
-make_mechanism(
-    typename M::view_type  vec_v,
-    typename M::view_type  vec_i,
-    typename M::const_index_view node_indices
-) {
-    return util::make_unique<M>(vec_v, vec_i, node_indices);
+auto make_mechanism(
+    typename M::view  vec_v,
+    typename M::view  vec_i,
+    typename M::iarray&& node_indices)
+-> decltype(util::make_unique<M>(vec_v, vec_i, std::move(node_indices)))
+{
+    return util::make_unique<M>(vec_v, vec_i, std::move(node_indices));
 }
 
 } // namespace mechanisms
diff --git a/src/mechanism_catalogue.hpp b/src/mechanism_catalogue.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 5e79cd9f489558717de1132b502b5c211eff09f9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/src/mechanism_catalogue.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <map>
-#include <stdexcept>
-#include <string>
-
-#include <mechanism.hpp>
-#include <mechanisms/hh.hpp>
-#include <mechanisms/pas.hpp>
-#include <mechanisms/expsyn.hpp>
-#include <mechanisms/exp2syn.hpp>
-
-namespace nest {
-namespace mc {
-namespace mechanisms {
-
-template <typename T, typename I>
-struct catalogue {
-    using view_type = typename mechanism<T, I>::view_type;
-    using index_view = typename mechanism<T, I>::index_view;
-    using const_index_view = typename mechanism<T, I>::const_index_view;
-
-    template <typename Indices>
-    static mechanism_ptr<T, I> make(
-        const std::string& name,
-        view_type vec_v,
-        view_type vec_i,
-        Indices const& node_indices)
-    {
-        auto entry = mech_map.find(name);
-        if (entry==mech_map.end()) {
-            throw std::out_of_range("no such mechanism");
-        }
-
-        const_index_view node_view(node_indices);
-        return entry->second(vec_v, vec_i, node_view);
-    }
-
-    static bool has(const std::string& name) {
-        return mech_map.count(name)>0;
-    }
-
-private:
-    using maker_type = mechanism_ptr<T, I> (*)(view_type, view_type, const_index_view);
-    static const std::map<std::string, maker_type> mech_map;
-
-    template <template <typename, typename> class mech>
-    static mechanism_ptr<T, I> maker(
-        view_type vec_v,
-        view_type vec_i,
-        const_index_view node_indices)
-    {
-        return make_mechanism<mech<T, I>>(vec_v, vec_i, node_indices);
-    }
-};
-
-template <typename T, typename I>
-const std::map<std::string, typename catalogue<T, I>::maker_type> catalogue<T, I>::mech_map = {
-    { "pas",     maker<pas::mechanism_pas> },
-    { "hh",      maker<hh::mechanism_hh> },
-    { "expsyn",  maker<expsyn::mechanism_expsyn> },
-    { "exp2syn", maker<exp2syn::mechanism_exp2syn> }
-};
-
-
-} // namespace mechanisms
-} // namespace mc
-} // namespace nest
diff --git a/src/mechanism_interface.hpp b/src/mechanism_interface.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 5e5360e6602761ae2923c6c2afec958279235dca..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/src/mechanism_interface.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-// just for compatibility with current version of modparser...
-
-#include "mechanism.hpp"
-#include "parameter_list.hpp"
-
-namespace nest {
-namespace mc {
-namespace mechanisms {
-
-template <typename T, typename I>
-struct mechanism_helper {
-    using value_type = T;
-    using size_type = I;
-    using index_type = memory::HostVector<I>;
-    using index_view = typename index_type::view_type;
-    using mechanism_ptr_type = mechanism_ptr<T, I>;
-    using view_type = typename mechanism<T,I>::view_type;
-
-    virtual std::string name() const = 0;
-    virtual mechanism_ptr<T,I> new_mechanism(view_type, view_type, index_view) const = 0;
-    virtual void set_parameters(mechanism_ptr_type&, parameter_list const&) const = 0;
-};
-
-} // namespace mechanisms
-} // namespace mc
-} // namespace nest
diff --git a/vector/include/Allocator.hpp b/src/memory/allocator.hpp
similarity index 79%
rename from vector/include/Allocator.hpp
rename to src/memory/allocator.hpp
index 8d539a594caf9812ab8579e25888463c15d9e66f..7cce26133f2ffd4ea29100e3085d8c0836245aae 100644
--- a/vector/include/Allocator.hpp
+++ b/src/memory/allocator.hpp
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 #include "definitions.hpp"
 #include "util.hpp"
 
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
 namespace memory {
 
 namespace impl {
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ namespace impl {
     }
 
     template <size_type Alignment>
-    class AlignedPolicy {
+    class aligned_policy {
     public:
         void *allocate_policy(size_type size) {
             return reinterpret_cast<void *>(aligned_malloc<char, Alignment>(size));
@@ -116,7 +118,7 @@ namespace impl {
         }
 
         template <size_type Alignment>
-        class HBWPolicy {
+        class hbw_policy {
         public:
             void *allocate_policy(size_type size) {
                 return reinterpret_cast<void *>(hbw_malloc<char, Alignment>(size));
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ namespace impl {
 #ifdef WITH_CUDA
     namespace cuda {
         template <size_type Alignment>
-        class PinnedPolicy {
+        class pinned_policy {
         public:
             void *allocate_policy(size_type size) {
                 // first allocate memory with the desired alignment
@@ -155,9 +157,7 @@ namespace impl {
                     = cudaHostRegister(ptr, size, cudaHostRegisterPortable);
 
                 if(status != cudaSuccess) {
-                    std::cerr << util::red("error") << " memory:: unable to "
-                              << "register host memory with with cudaHostRegister"
-                              << std::endl;
+                    LOG_ERROR("memory:: unable to register host memory with with cudaHostRegister");
                     free(ptr);
                     return nullptr;
                 }
@@ -181,16 +181,14 @@ namespace impl {
             }
         };
 
-        class DevicePolicy {
+        class device_policy {
         public:
             void *allocate_policy(size_type size) {
                 void* ptr = nullptr;
                 auto status = cudaMalloc(&ptr, size);
                 if(status != cudaSuccess) {
-                    std::cerr << util::red("error")
-                              << " CUDA: unable to allocate "
-                              << size << " bytes" << std::endl;;
-                    exit(-1);
+                    LOG_ERROR("CUDA: unable to allocate "+std::to_string(size)+" bytes");
+                    ptr = nullptr;
                 }
 
                 return ptr;
@@ -200,10 +198,7 @@ namespace impl {
                 if(ptr) {
                     auto status = cudaFree(ptr);
                     if(status != cudaSuccess) {
-                        std::cerr << util::red("error")
-                                  << " unable to free CUDA pointer "
-                                  << ptr << std::endl;;
-                        exit(-1);
+                        LOG_ERROR("CUDA: unable to free memory");
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -221,7 +216,7 @@ namespace impl {
 } // namespace impl
 
 template<typename T, typename Policy >
-class Allocator : public Policy {
+class allocator : public Policy {
     using Policy::allocate_policy;
     using Policy::free_policy;
 public:
@@ -237,45 +232,45 @@ public:
 
 public:
     template <typename U>
-    using rebind = Allocator<U, Policy>;
+    using rebind = allocator<U, Policy>;
 
 public:
-    inline explicit Allocator() {}
-    inline ~Allocator() {}
-    inline explicit Allocator(Allocator const&) {}
+    allocator() {}
+    ~allocator() {}
+    allocator(allocator const&) {}
 
-    inline pointer address(reference r) {
+    pointer address(reference r) {
         return &r;
     }
-    inline const_pointer address(const_reference r) {
+    const_pointer address(const_reference r) {
         return &r;
     }
 
-    inline pointer allocate(size_type cnt, typename std::allocator<void>::const_pointer = 0) {
+    pointer allocate(size_type cnt, typename std::allocator<void>::const_pointer = 0) {
         return reinterpret_cast<T*>(allocate_policy(cnt*sizeof(T)));
     }
 
-    inline void deallocate(pointer p, size_type) {
+    void deallocate(pointer p, size_type) {
         if( p!=nullptr )
             free_policy(p);
     }
 
-    inline size_type max_size() const {
+    size_type max_size() const {
         return std::numeric_limits<size_type>::max() / sizeof(T);
     }
 
-    inline void construct(pointer p, const T& t) {
+    void construct(pointer p, const T& t) {
         new(p) T(t);
     }
 
-    inline void destroy(pointer p) {
+    void destroy(pointer p) {
         p->~T();
     }
 
-    inline bool operator==(Allocator const&) {
+    bool operator==(allocator const&) {
         return true;
     }
-    inline bool operator!=(Allocator const& a) {
+    bool operator!=(allocator const& a) {
         return !operator==(a);
     }
 };
@@ -283,37 +278,37 @@ public:
 // pretty printers
 namespace util {
     template <size_t Alignment>
-    struct type_printer<impl::AlignedPolicy<Alignment>>{
+    struct type_printer<impl::aligned_policy<Alignment>>{
         static std::string print() {
             std::stringstream str;
-            str << "AlignedPolicy<" << Alignment << ">";
+            str << "aligned_policy<" << Alignment << ">";
             return str.str();
         }
     };
 
-    #ifdef WITH_CUDA
+#ifdef WITH_CUDA
     template <size_t Alignment>
-    struct type_printer<impl::cuda::PinnedPolicy<Alignment>>{
+    struct type_printer<impl::cuda::pinned_policy<Alignment>>{
         static std::string print() {
             std::stringstream str;
-            str << "PinnedPolicy<" << Alignment << ">";
+            str << "pinned_policy<" << Alignment << ">";
             return str.str();
         }
     };
 
     template <>
-    struct type_printer<impl::cuda::DevicePolicy>{
+    struct type_printer<impl::cuda::device_policy>{
         static std::string print() {
-            return std::string("DevicePolicy");
+            return std::string("device_policy");
         }
     };
 #endif
 
     template <typename T, typename Policy>
-    struct type_printer<Allocator<T,Policy>>{
+    struct type_printer<allocator<T,Policy>>{
         static std::string print() {
             std::stringstream str;
-            str << util::white("Allocator") << "<" << type_printer<T>::print()
+            str << util::white("allocator") << "<" << type_printer<T>::print()
                 << ", " << type_printer<Policy>::print() << ">";
             return str.str();
         }
@@ -322,12 +317,12 @@ namespace util {
 
 // helper for generating an aligned allocator
 template <class T, size_t alignment=impl::minimum_possible_alignment<T>()>
-using AlignedAllocator = Allocator<T, impl::AlignedPolicy<alignment>>;
+using aligned_allocator = allocator<T, impl::aligned_policy<alignment>>;
 
 #ifdef WITH_KNL
 // align with 512 bit vector register size
 template <class T, size_t alignment=(512/8)>
-using HBWAllocator = Allocator<T, impl::knl::HBWPolicy<alignment>>;
+using hbw_allocator = allocator<T, impl::knl::hbw_policy<alignment>>;
 #endif
 
 #ifdef WITH_CUDA
@@ -335,11 +330,13 @@ using HBWAllocator = Allocator<T, impl::knl::HBWPolicy<alignment>>;
 // alignment of a page (4096 bytes), because pinned memory is allocated at page
 // boundaries.
 template <class T, size_t alignment=4096>
-using PinnedAllocator = Allocator<T, impl::cuda::PinnedPolicy<alignment>>;
+using pinned_allocator = allocator<T, impl::cuda::pinned_policy<alignment>>;
 
 // use 256 as default allignment, because that is the default for cudaMalloc
 template <class T, size_t alignment=256>
-using CudaAllocator = Allocator<T, impl::cuda::DevicePolicy>;
+using cuda_allocator = allocator<T, impl::cuda::device_policy>;
 #endif
 
 } // namespace memory
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
diff --git a/src/memory/array.hpp b/src/memory/array.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7a7196d89d20e7f2ca7c9d2a938c2d2e8aa95c99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/memory/array.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+/*
+ * Author: bcumming
+ *
+ * Created on May 3, 2014, 5:14 PM
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <util/range.hpp>
+
+#include "definitions.hpp"
+#include "util.hpp"
+#include "array_view.hpp"
+
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
+namespace memory{
+
+// forward declarations
+template<typename T, typename Coord>
+class array;
+
+namespace util {
+    template <typename T, typename Coord>
+    struct type_printer<array<T,Coord>>{
+        static std::string print() {
+            std::stringstream str;
+#if VERBOSE > 1
+            str << util::white("array") << "<" << type_printer<T>::print()
+                << ", " << type_printer<Coord>::print() << ">";
+#else
+            str << util::white("array") << "<"
+                << type_printer<Coord>::print() << ">";
+#endif
+            return str.str();
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T, typename Coord>
+    struct pretty_printer<array<T,Coord>>{
+        static std::string print(const array<T,Coord>& val) {
+            std::stringstream str;
+            str << type_printer<array<T,Coord>>::print()
+                << "(size="     << val.size()
+                << ", pointer=" << util::print_pointer(val.data()) << ")";
+            return str.str();
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+namespace impl {
+    // metafunctions for checking array types
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_array_by_value : std::false_type {};
+
+    template <typename T, typename Coord>
+    struct is_array_by_value<array<T, Coord> > : std::true_type {};
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_array :
+        std::conditional<
+            impl::is_array_by_value<typename std::decay<T>::type>::value ||
+            impl::is_array_view    <typename std::decay<T>::type>::value,
+            std::true_type, std::false_type
+        >::type
+    {};
+
+    template <typename T>
+    using is_array_t = typename is_array<T>::type;
+}
+
+using impl::is_array;
+
+// array by value
+// this wrapper owns the memory in the array
+// and is responsible for allocating and freeing memory
+template <typename T, typename Coord>
+class array :
+    public array_view<T, Coord> {
+public:
+    using value_type = T;
+    using base       = array_view<value_type, Coord>;
+    using view_type  = array_view<value_type, Coord>;
+    using const_view_type = const_array_view<value_type, Coord>;
+
+    using coordinator_type = typename Coord::template rebind<value_type>;
+
+    using typename base::size_type;
+    using typename base::difference_type;
+
+    using typename base::pointer;
+    using typename base::const_pointer;
+
+    using typename base::iterator;
+    using typename base::const_iterator;
+
+    // TODO what about specialized references for things like GPU memory?
+    using reference       = value_type&;
+    using const_reference = value_type const&;
+
+    // default constructor
+    // create empty storage
+    array() :
+        base(nullptr, 0)
+    {}
+
+    // constructor by size
+    template <
+        typename I,
+        typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<I>::value>::type>
+    array(I n) :
+        base(coordinator_type().allocate(n))
+    {
+#ifdef VERBOSE
+        std::cerr << util::green("array(" + std::to_string(n) + ")")
+                  << "\n  this  " << util::pretty_printer<array>::print(*this) << std::endl;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    // constructor by size with default value
+    template <
+        typename II, typename TT,
+        typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<II>::value>::type,
+        typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<TT,value_type>::value>::type >
+    array(II n, TT value) :
+        base(coordinator_type().allocate(n))
+    {
+        #ifdef VERBOSE
+        std::cerr << util::green("array(" + std::to_string(n) + ", " + std::to_string(value) + ")")
+                  << "\n  this  " << util::pretty_printer<array>::print(*this) << "\n";
+        #endif
+        coordinator_type().set(*this, value_type(value));
+    }
+
+    // copy constructor
+    array(const array& other) :
+        base(coordinator_type().allocate(other.size()))
+    {
+        static_assert(impl::is_array_t<array>::value, "");
+#ifdef VERBOSE
+        std::cerr << util::green("array(array&)")
+                  << " " << util::type_printer<array>::print()
+                  << "\n  this  " << util::pretty_printer<array>::print(*this)
+                  << "\n  other " << util::pretty_printer<array>::print(other) << "\n";
+#endif
+        coordinator_.copy(const_view_type(other), view_type(*this));
+    }
+
+    // move constructor
+    array(array&& other) {
+#ifdef VERBOSE
+        std::cerr << util::green("array(array&&)")
+                  << " " << util::type_printer<array>::print()
+                  << "\n  other " << util::pretty_printer<array>::print(other) << "\n";
+#endif
+        base::swap(other);
+    }
+
+    // copy constructor where other is an array, array_view or array_reference
+    template <
+        typename Other,
+        typename = typename std::enable_if<impl::is_array_t<Other>::value>::type
+    >
+    array(const Other& other) :
+        base(coordinator_type().allocate(other.size()))
+    {
+#ifdef VERBOSE
+        std::cerr << util::green("array(Other&)")
+                  << " " << util::type_printer<array>::print()
+                  << "\n  this  " << util::pretty_printer<array>::print(*this)
+                  << "\n  other " << util::pretty_printer<Other>::print(other) << std::endl;
+#endif
+        coordinator_.copy(typename Other::const_view_type(other), view_type(*this));
+    }
+
+    array& operator=(const array& other) {
+#ifdef VERBOSE
+        std::cerr << util::green("array operator=(array&)")
+                  << "\n  this  "  << util::pretty_printer<array>::print(*this)
+                  << "\n  other " << util::pretty_printer<array>::print(other) << "\n";
+#endif
+        coordinator_.free(*this);
+        auto ptr = coordinator_type().allocate(other.size());
+        base::reset(ptr.data(), other.size());
+        coordinator_.copy(const_view_type(other), view_type(*this));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    array& operator = (array&& other) {
+#ifdef VERBOSE
+        std::cerr << util::green("array operator=(array&&)")
+                  << "\n  this  "  << util::pretty_printer<array>::print(*this)
+                  << "\n  other " << util::pretty_printer<array>::print(other) << "\n";
+#endif
+        base::swap(other);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // have to free the memory in a "by value" range
+    ~array() {
+#ifdef VERBOSE
+        std::cerr << util::red("~") + util::green("array()")
+                  << "\n  this " << util::pretty_printer<array>::print(*this) << "\n";
+#endif
+        coordinator_.free(*this);
+    }
+
+    template <
+        typename It,
+        typename = nest::mc::util::enable_if_t<nest::mc::util::is_forward_iterator<It>::value> >
+    array(It b, It e) :
+        base(coordinator_type().allocate(std::distance(b, e)))
+    {
+#ifdef VERBOSE
+        std::cerr << util::green("array(iterator, iterator)")
+                  << " " << util::type_printer<array>::print()
+                  << "\n  this  " << util::pretty_printer<array>::print(*this) << "\n";
+                  //<< "\n  other " << util::pretty_printer<Other>::print(other) << std::endl;
+#endif
+        //auto canon = nest::mc::util::canonical_view(rng);
+        std::copy(b, e, this->begin());
+    }
+
+    template <typename Seq>
+    array(
+        const Seq& seq,
+        nest::mc::util::enable_if_t<
+            !std::is_convertible<Seq, std::size_t>::value
+            && !impl::is_array_t<Seq>::value >* = nullptr
+    ):
+        base(coordinator_type().allocate(nest::mc::util::size(seq)))
+    {
+#ifdef VERBOSE
+        std::cerr << util::green("array(iterator, iterator)")
+                  << " " << util::type_printer<array>::print()
+                  << "\n  this  " << util::pretty_printer<array>::print(*this) << "\n";
+                  //<< "\n  other " << util::pretty_printer<Other>::print(other) << std::endl;
+#endif
+        auto canon = nest::mc::util::canonical_view(seq);
+        std::copy(std::begin(canon), std::end(canon), this->begin());
+    }
+
+    // use the accessors provided by array_view
+    // this enforces the requirement that accessing all of or a sub-array of an
+    // array should return a view, not a new array.
+    using base::operator();
+
+    const coordinator_type& coordinator() const {
+        return coordinator_;
+    }
+
+    using base::size;
+
+    using base::alignment;
+
+private:
+
+    coordinator_type coordinator_;
+};
+
+} // namespace memory
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
+
diff --git a/src/memory/array_view.hpp b/src/memory/array_view.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d4f61302cd3f004ea3be0c636ae070efec966bda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/memory/array_view.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,503 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "definitions.hpp"
+#include "util.hpp"
+#include "range_limits.hpp"
+#include <util/debug.hpp>
+
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
+namespace memory{
+
+// forward declarations
+template<typename T, typename Coord>
+class array;
+
+template <typename T, typename Coord>
+class array_view;
+
+template <typename T, typename Coord>
+class const_array_view;
+
+namespace util {
+    template <typename T, typename Coord>
+    struct type_printer<array_view<T,Coord>> {
+        static std::string print() {
+            std::stringstream str;
+            str << util::white("array_view") << "<" << type_printer<T>::print()
+                << ", " << type_printer<Coord>::print() << ">";
+            return str.str();
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T, typename Coord>
+    struct type_printer<const_array_view<T,Coord>> {
+        static std::string print() {
+            std::stringstream str;
+            str << util::white("const_array_view") << "<" << type_printer<T>::print()
+                << ", " << type_printer<Coord>::print() << ">";
+            return str.str();
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T, typename Coord>
+    struct pretty_printer<array_view<T,Coord>> {
+        static std::string print(const array_view<T,Coord>& val) {
+            std::stringstream str;
+            str << type_printer<array_view<T,Coord>>::print()
+                << "(size="     << val.size()
+                << ", pointer=" << util::print_pointer(val.data()) << ")";
+            return str.str();
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T, typename Coord>
+    struct pretty_printer<const_array_view<T,Coord>> {
+        static std::string print(const const_array_view<T,Coord>& val) {
+            std::stringstream str;
+            str << type_printer<const_array_view<T,Coord>>::print()
+                << "(size="     << val.size()
+                << ", pointer=" << util::print_pointer(val.data()) << ")";
+            return str.str();
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+namespace impl {
+
+    // metafunction for indicating whether a type is an array_view
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_array_view : std::false_type {};
+
+    template <typename T, typename Coord>
+    struct is_array_view<array_view<T, Coord> > : std::true_type {};
+
+    template <typename T, typename Coord>
+    struct is_array_view<const_array_view<T, Coord> > : std::true_type {};
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_array;
+
+    // Helper functions that access the reset() methods in array_view.
+    // Required to work around a bug in nvcc that makes it awkward to give
+    // Coordinator classes friend access to array_view types, so that the
+    // Coordinator can free and allocate memory. The reset() functions
+    // below are friend functions of array_view, and are placed in memory::impl::
+    // because users should not directly modify pointer or size information in an
+    // array_view.
+    template <typename T, typename Coord>
+    void reset(array_view<T, Coord>& v, T* ptr, std::size_t s) {
+        v.reset(ptr, s);
+    }
+
+    template <typename T, typename Coord>
+    void reset(array_view<T, Coord>& v) {
+        v.reset();
+    }
+
+    template <typename T, typename Coord>
+    void reset(const_array_view<T, Coord>& v, T* ptr, std::size_t s) {
+        v.reset(ptr, s);
+    }
+
+    template <typename T, typename Coord>
+    void reset(const_array_view<T, Coord>& v) {
+        v.reset();
+    }
+}
+
+using impl::is_array_view;
+
+// An array_view type refers to a sub-range of an array. It does not own the
+// memory, i.e. it is not responsible for allocation and freeing.
+template <typename T, typename Coord>
+class array_view {
+public:
+    using view_type       = array_view<T, Coord>;
+    using const_view_type = const_array_view<T, Coord>;
+
+    using value_type = T;
+    using coordinator_type = typename Coord::template rebind<value_type>;
+
+    using size_type       = types::size_type;
+    using difference_type = types::difference_type;
+
+    using pointer         = typename coordinator_type::pointer;
+    using const_pointer   = typename coordinator_type::const_pointer;
+    using reference       = typename coordinator_type::reference;
+    using const_reference = typename coordinator_type::const_reference;
+
+    using iterator = pointer;
+    using const_iterator = const_pointer;
+
+    // Constructors
+    template <
+        typename Other,
+        typename = typename std::enable_if< impl::is_array<Other>::value >::type
+    >
+    explicit array_view(Other&& other) :
+        pointer_(other.data()), size_(other.size())
+    {
+        #ifdef VERBOSE
+        std::cout << util::green("array_view(&&Other) ")
+                  << "\n  this  " << util::pretty_printer<array_view>::print(*this)
+                  << "\n  other " << util::pretty_printer<typename std::decay<Other>::type>::print(other)
+                  << "\n";
+        #endif
+    }
+
+    explicit array_view(pointer ptr, size_type n) :
+        pointer_(ptr), size_(n)
+    {
+        #ifdef VERBOSE
+        std::cout << util::green("array_view(pointer, size_type)")
+                  << "\n  this  " << util::pretty_printer<array_view>::print(*this)
+                  << "\n";
+        #endif
+    }
+
+    explicit array_view(array_view& other, size_type n) :
+        pointer_(other.data()), size_(n)
+    {
+        EXPECTS(n<=other.size());
+        #ifdef VERBOSE
+        std::cout << util::green("array_view(array_view, size_type)")
+                  << "\n  this  " << util::pretty_printer<array_view>::print(*this)
+                  << "\n  other " << util::pretty_printer<array_view>::print(other) << "\n";
+        #endif
+    }
+
+    explicit array_view() {
+        reset();
+    };
+
+    // Accessors: overload operator() to provide range based access
+
+    /// access half open sub-range using two indexes [left, right)
+    view_type operator()(size_type left, size_type right) {
+        #ifndef NDEBUG
+        EXPECTS(right<=size_ && left<=right);
+        #endif
+        return view_type(pointer_+left, right-left);
+    }
+
+    const_view_type operator()(size_type left, size_type right) const {
+        #ifndef NDEBUG
+        EXPECTS(right<=size_ && left<=right);
+        #endif
+        return view_type(pointer_+left, right-left);
+    }
+
+    /// access half open sub-range using one index and one-past-the-end [left, end)
+    view_type operator()(size_type left, end_type) {
+        #ifndef NDEBUG
+        EXPECTS(left<=size_);
+        #endif
+        return view_type(pointer_+left, size_-left);
+    }
+
+    const_view_type operator()(size_type left, end_type) const {
+        #ifndef NDEBUG
+        EXPECTS(left<=size_);
+        #endif
+        return view_type(pointer_+left, size_-left);
+    }
+
+    template <
+        typename Other,
+        typename = typename std::enable_if< impl::is_array<Other>::value >::type
+    >
+    array_view operator=(Other&& other) {
+        #if VERBOSE
+        std::cerr << util::pretty_printer<array_view>::print(*this)
+                  << "::" << util::blue("operator=") << "("
+                  << util::pretty_printer<array_view>::print(other)
+                  << ")" << std::endl;
+        #endif
+        reset(other.data(), other.size());
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // access to raw data
+    pointer data() {
+        return pointer_;
+    }
+
+    const_pointer data() const {
+        return const_pointer(pointer_);
+    }
+
+    size_type size() const {
+        return size_;
+    }
+
+    bool is_empty() const {
+        return size_==0;
+    }
+
+    // begin/end iterator pairs
+    pointer begin() {
+        return pointer_;
+    }
+
+    const_pointer begin() const {
+        return pointer_;
+    }
+
+    pointer end() {
+        return pointer_+size_;
+    }
+
+    const_pointer end() const {
+        return pointer_+size_;
+    }
+
+    // per element accessors
+    // return a reference type provided by Coordinator
+    reference operator[] (size_type i) {
+        #ifndef NDEBUG
+        EXPECTS(i<size_);
+        #endif
+        return coordinator_.make_reference(pointer_+i);
+    }
+
+    const_reference operator[] (size_type i) const {
+        #ifndef NDEBUG
+        EXPECTS(i<size_);
+        #endif
+        return coordinator_.make_reference(pointer_+i);
+    }
+
+    // do nothing for destructor: we don't own the memory in range
+    ~array_view() {}
+
+    // test whether memory overlaps that referenced by other
+    template <
+        typename Other,
+        typename = typename std::enable_if<impl::is_array<Other>::value>
+    >
+    bool overlaps(Other&& other) const {
+        return( !((this->begin()>=other.end()) || (other.begin()>=this->end())) );
+    }
+
+    static constexpr auto
+    alignment() -> decltype(coordinator_type::alignment()) {
+        return coordinator_type::alignment();
+    }
+
+protected :
+    template < typename U, typename C>
+    friend void impl::reset(array_view<U, C>&, U*, std::size_t);
+    template <typename U, typename C>
+    friend void impl::reset(array_view<U, C>&);
+
+    void swap(array_view& other) {
+        auto ptr = other.data();
+        auto sz  = other.size();
+        other.reset(pointer_, size_);
+        pointer_ = ptr;
+        size_    = sz;
+    }
+
+    void reset() {
+        pointer_ = nullptr;
+        size_ = 0;
+    }
+
+    void reset(pointer ptr, size_type n) {
+        pointer_ = ptr;
+        size_ = n;
+    }
+
+    // disallow constructors that imply allocation of memory
+    array_view(std::size_t n) = delete;
+
+    coordinator_type coordinator_;
+    pointer          pointer_;
+    size_type        size_;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename Coord>
+class const_array_view {
+public:
+    using view_type       = array_view<T, Coord>;
+    using const_view_type = const_array_view;
+
+    using value_type = T;
+    using coordinator_type = typename Coord::template rebind<value_type>;
+
+    using size_type       = types::size_type;
+    using difference_type = types::difference_type;
+
+    using const_pointer   = typename coordinator_type::const_pointer;
+    using const_reference = typename coordinator_type::const_reference;
+
+    using const_iterator = const_pointer;
+
+    // Constructors
+    template <
+        typename Other,
+        typename = typename std::enable_if< impl::is_array<Other>::value >::type
+    >
+    const_array_view(const Other& other) :
+        pointer_(other.data()), size_(other.size())
+    {
+#if VERBOSE
+        std::cout << util::green("const_array_view(const Other&)")
+                  << "\n  this  " << util::pretty_printer<const_array_view>::print(*this)
+                  << "\n  other " << util::pretty_printer<typename std::decay<Other>::type>::print(other)
+                  << std::endl;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    explicit const_array_view(const_pointer ptr, size_type n) :
+        pointer_(ptr), size_(n)
+    {
+#if VERBOSE
+        std::cout << util::green("const_array_view(pointer, size_type)")
+                  << "\n  this " << util::pretty_printer<const_array_view>::print(*this)
+                  << std::endl;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    explicit const_array_view(view_type& other, size_type n) :
+        pointer_(other.data()), size_(n)
+    {
+        EXPECTS(n<=other.size());
+    }
+
+    explicit const_array_view(const_array_view& other, size_type n) :
+        pointer_(other.data()), size_(n)
+    {
+        EXPECTS(n<=other.size());
+    }
+
+    explicit const_array_view() {
+        reset();
+    };
+
+    // Accessors: overload operator() to provide range based access
+
+    /// access half open sub-range using two indexes [left, right)
+    const_view_type operator()(size_type left, size_type right) const {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+        EXPECTS(right<=size_ && left<=right);
+#endif
+        return const_view_type(pointer_+left, right-left);
+    }
+
+    /// access half open sub-range using one index and one-past-the-end [left, end)
+    const_view_type operator()(size_type left, end_type) const {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+        EXPECTS(left<=size_);
+#endif
+        return const_view_type(pointer_+left, size_-left);
+    }
+
+    template <
+        typename Other,
+        typename = typename std::enable_if< impl::is_array<Other>::value >::type
+    >
+    const_array_view operator=(Other&& other) {
+#if VERBOSE
+        std::cerr << util::pretty_printer<const_array_view>::print(*this)
+                  << "::" << util::blue("operator=") << "("
+                  << util::pretty_printer<const_array_view>::print(other)
+                  << ")" << std::endl;
+#endif
+        reset(other.data(), other.size());
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // access to raw data
+    const_pointer data() const {
+        return pointer_;
+    }
+
+    size_type size() const {
+        return size_;
+    }
+
+    bool is_empty() const {
+        return size_==0;
+    }
+
+    // begin/end iterator pairs
+    const_pointer begin() const {
+        return pointer_;
+    }
+
+    const_pointer end() const {
+        return pointer_+size_;
+    }
+
+    // per element accessors
+    // return a reference type provided by Coordinator
+    const_reference operator[] (size_type i) const {
+        #ifndef NDEBUG
+        EXPECTS(i<size_);
+        #endif
+        return coordinator_.make_reference(pointer_+i);
+    }
+
+    // do nothing for destructor: we don't own the memory in range
+    ~const_array_view() {}
+
+    // test whether memory overlaps that referenced by other
+    template <
+        typename Other,
+        typename = typename std::enable_if<impl::is_array<Other>::value>
+    >
+    bool overlaps(Other&& other) const {
+        return( !((this->begin()>=other.end()) || (other.begin()>=this->end())) );
+    }
+
+    static constexpr auto
+    alignment() -> decltype(coordinator_type::alignment()) {
+        return coordinator_type::alignment();
+    }
+
+    // disallow constructors that imply allocation of memory
+    const_array_view(const std::size_t &n) = delete;
+
+protected :
+    template <typename U, typename C>
+    friend void impl::reset(const_array_view<U, C>&, U*, std::size_t);
+    template <typename U, typename C>
+    friend void impl::reset(const_array_view<U, C>&);
+
+    void swap(const_array_view& other) {
+        auto ptr = other.data();
+        auto sz  = other.size();
+        other.reset(pointer_, size_);
+        pointer_ = ptr;
+        size_    = sz;
+    }
+
+    void reset() {
+        pointer_ = nullptr;
+        size_ = 0;
+    }
+
+    void reset(const_pointer ptr, size_type n) {
+        pointer_ = ptr;
+        size_ = n;
+    }
+
+    coordinator_type coordinator_;
+    const_pointer    pointer_;
+    size_type        size_;
+};
+
+// export is_array_view helper
+using impl::is_array_view;
+
+} // namespace memory
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
+
diff --git a/src/memory/copy.hpp b/src/memory/copy.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5a4c1d49c159f06371758e65d8b36ccacb05178f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/memory/copy.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <util/debug.hpp>
+
+#include "wrappers.hpp"
+
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
+namespace memory {
+
+template <typename LHS, typename RHS>
+void copy(LHS&& from, RHS&& to) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    EXPECTS(from.size() == to.size());
+#endif
+#ifdef VERBOSE
+    std::cerr
+        << util::blue("copy") << " "
+        << util::pretty_printer<typename std::decay<LHS>::type>::print(from)
+        << util::cyan(" -> ")
+        << util::pretty_printer<typename std::decay<RHS>::type>::print(to)  << "\n";
+#endif
+    // adapt views to the inputs
+    auto lhs = make_const_view(from);
+    auto rhs = make_view(to);
+
+    // get a copy of the source view's coordinator
+    typename decltype(lhs)::coordinator_type coord;
+    // perform the copy
+    coord.copy(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+template <typename LHS, typename T>
+void fill(LHS&& target, T value) {
+    using lhs_type = typename std::decay<LHS>::type;
+    static_assert(
+        std::is_convertible<T, typename lhs_type::value_type>::value,
+        "can't fill container with a value of the supplied type"
+    );
+#ifdef VERBOSE
+    std::cerr
+        << util::blue("fill") << " "
+        << util::pretty_printer<typename std::decay<LHS>::type>::print(target)
+        << util::cyan(" <- ")
+        << T(value) << "\n";
+#endif
+    // adapt view to the inputs
+    auto lhs = make_view(target);
+
+    // get a copy of the target view's coordinator
+    typename decltype(lhs)::coordinator_type coord;
+
+    // perform the fill
+    coord.set(lhs, T{value});
+}
+
+} // namespace memory
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
diff --git a/vector/include/definitions.hpp b/src/memory/definitions.hpp
similarity index 97%
rename from vector/include/definitions.hpp
rename to src/memory/definitions.hpp
index 8c232d68b995df4af61cb6570dc13bb6449d35ef..6254315d71515e423fc87a0446ee7a8f69312f01 100644
--- a/vector/include/definitions.hpp
+++ b/src/memory/definitions.hpp
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <sstream>
 
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
 namespace memory {
 
 namespace types {
@@ -110,4 +112,6 @@ namespace util {
 } // namespace util
 
 } // namespace memory
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
 
diff --git a/src/memory/device_coordinator.hpp b/src/memory/device_coordinator.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..92ede76b87f031e298d2f9ccb19865a1109beedc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/memory/device_coordinator.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <exception>
+
+#include <util/debug.hpp>
+
+#include "allocator.hpp"
+#include "array.hpp"
+#include "definitions.hpp"
+#include "gpu.hpp"
+#include "util.hpp"
+
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
+namespace memory {
+
+// forward declare
+template <typename T, class Allocator>
+class device_coordinator;
+
+template <typename T, class Allocator>
+class host_coordinator;
+
+namespace util {
+
+    template <typename T, typename Allocator>
+    struct type_printer<device_coordinator<T,Allocator>>{
+        static std::string print() {
+            #if VERBOSE > 1
+            return util::white("device_coordinator") + "<"
+                + type_printer<T>::print()
+                + ", " + type_printer<Allocator>::print() + ">";
+            #else
+            return util::white("device_coordinator")
+                + "<" + type_printer<T>::print() + ">";
+            #endif
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T, typename Allocator>
+    struct pretty_printer<device_coordinator<T,Allocator>>{
+        static std::string print(const device_coordinator<T,Allocator>& val) {
+            return type_printer<device_coordinator<T,Allocator>>::print();
+        }
+    };
+} // namespace util
+
+namespace gpu {
+    // brief:
+    // We have to perform some type punning to pass arbitrary POD types to the
+    // GPU backend without polluting the library front end with CUDA kernels
+    // that would require compilation with nvcc.
+    //
+    // detail:
+    // The implementation takes advantage of 4 fill functions that fill GPU
+    // memory with a {8, 16, 32, 64} bit unsigned integer. We want to use these
+    // functions to fill a block of GPU memory with _any_ 8, 16, 32 or 64 bit POD
+    // value. The technique to do this with a 64-bit double, is to first convert
+    // the double into a 64-bit unsigned integer (with the same bits, not the
+    // same value), then call the 64-bit fill kernel precompiled using nvcc in
+    // the gpu library. This technique of converting from one type to another
+    // is called type-punning. There are some subtle challenges, due to C++'s
+    // strict aliasing rules, that require memcpy of single bytes if alignment
+    // of the two types does not match.
+
+    #define FILL(N) \
+    template <typename T> \
+    typename std::enable_if<sizeof(T)==sizeof(uint ## N ## _t)>::type \
+    fill(T* ptr, T value, size_t n) { \
+        using I = uint ## N ## _t; \
+        I v; \
+        std::copy_n( \
+            reinterpret_cast<char*>(&value), \
+            sizeof(T), \
+            reinterpret_cast<char*>(&v) \
+        ); \
+        fill ## N(reinterpret_cast<I*>(ptr), v, n); \
+    }
+
+    FILL(8)
+    FILL(16)
+    FILL(32)
+    FILL(64)
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+class const_device_reference {
+public:
+    using value_type = T;
+    using pointer = value_type*;
+    using const_pointer = const value_type*;
+
+    const_device_reference(const_pointer p) : pointer_(p) {}
+
+    operator T() const {
+        T tmp;
+        auto success
+            = cudaMemcpy(&tmp, pointer_, sizeof(T), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
+        if(success != cudaSuccess) {
+            LOG_ERROR("cudaMemcpy(d2h, " + std::to_string(sizeof(T)) + ") " + cudaGetErrorString(success));
+            abort();
+        }
+        return T(tmp);
+    }
+
+protected:
+    template <typename Other>
+    void operator =(Other&&) {}
+
+    const_pointer pointer_;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class device_reference {
+public:
+    using value_type = T;
+    using pointer = value_type*;
+
+    device_reference(pointer p) : pointer_(p) {}
+
+    device_reference& operator = (const T& value) {
+        auto success =
+            cudaMemcpy(pointer_, &value, sizeof(T), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
+        if(success != cudaSuccess) {
+            LOG_ERROR("cudaMemcpy(h2d, " + std::to_string(sizeof(T)) + ") " + cudaGetErrorString(success));
+            abort();
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    operator T() const {
+        T tmp;
+        auto success =
+            cudaMemcpy(&tmp, pointer_, sizeof(T), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
+        if(success != cudaSuccess) {
+            LOG_ERROR("cudaMemcpy(d2h, " + std::to_string(sizeof(T)) + ") " + cudaGetErrorString(success));
+            abort();
+        }
+        return T(tmp);
+    }
+
+private:
+    pointer pointer_;
+};
+
+template <typename T, class Allocator_= cuda_allocator<T> >
+class device_coordinator {
+public:
+    using value_type = T;
+    using Allocator = typename Allocator_::template rebind<value_type>;
+
+    using pointer       = value_type*;
+    using const_pointer = const value_type*;
+    using reference       = device_reference<value_type>;
+    using const_reference = const_device_reference<value_type>;
+
+    using view_type = array_view<value_type, device_coordinator>;
+    using const_view_type = const_array_view<value_type, device_coordinator>;
+
+    using size_type       = types::size_type;
+    using difference_type = types::difference_type;
+
+    template <typename Tother>
+    using rebind = device_coordinator<Tother, Allocator>;
+
+    view_type allocate(size_type n) {
+        Allocator allocator;
+
+        pointer ptr = n>0 ? allocator.allocate(n) : nullptr;
+
+        #ifdef VERBOSE
+        std::cerr << util::type_printer<device_coordinator>::print()
+                  << util::blue("::allocate") << "(" << n << ") -> " << util::print_pointer(ptr)
+                  << "\n";
+        #endif
+
+        return view_type(ptr, n);
+    }
+
+    void free(view_type& rng) {
+        Allocator allocator;
+
+        #ifdef VERBOSE
+        std::cerr << util::type_printer<device_coordinator>::print()
+                  << util::blue("::free") << "(size=" << rng.size() << ", pointer=" << util::print_pointer(rng.data()) << ")\n";
+        #endif
+
+        if(rng.data()) {
+            allocator.deallocate(rng.data(), rng.size());
+        }
+
+        impl::reset(rng);
+    }
+
+    // copy memory from one gpu range to another
+    void copy(const_view_type from, view_type to) {
+    //template<typename Alloc1, typename Alloc2>
+    //void copy(
+        //const_array_view<value_type, device_coordinator<value_type, Alloc1>> from,
+        //array_view<value_type, device_coordinator<value_type, Alloc2>> to)
+    //{
+        #ifdef VERBOSE
+        std::cerr << util::type_printer<device_coordinator>::print()
+                  << util::blue("::copy") << "(size=" << from.size() << ") "
+                  << util::print_pointer(from.data()) << " -> "
+                  << util::print_pointer(to.data()) << "\n";
+        #endif
+        EXPECTS(from.size()==to.size());
+        EXPECTS(!from.overlaps(to));
+
+        gpu::memcpy_d2d(from.data(), to.data(), from.size());
+    }
+
+    // copy memory from gpu to host
+    template <typename Allocator>
+    void copy(
+        const_view_type& from,
+        array_view<value_type, host_coordinator<value_type, Allocator>>& to)
+    {
+        #ifdef VERBOSE
+        std::cerr << util::type_printer<device_coordinator>::print()
+                  << util::blue("::copy") << "(d2h, size=" << from.size() << ") "
+                  << util::print_pointer(from.data()) << " -> "
+                  << util::print_pointer(to.data()) << "\n";
+        #endif
+        EXPECTS(from.size()==to.size());
+
+        gpu::memcpy_d2h(from.data(), to.data(), from.size());
+    }
+
+    // copy memory from host to gpu
+    template <class Alloc>
+    void copy(
+        const_array_view<value_type, host_coordinator<value_type, Alloc>> from,
+        view_type to)
+    {
+        #ifdef VERBOSE
+        std::cerr << util::type_printer<device_coordinator>::print()
+                  << util::blue("::copy") << "(size=" << from.size() << ") "
+                  << util::print_pointer(from.data()) << " -> "
+                  << util::print_pointer(to.data()) << "\n";
+        #endif
+        EXPECTS(from.size()==to.size());
+
+        gpu::memcpy_h2d(from.data(), to.data(), from.size());
+    }
+
+    // copy from pinned memory to device
+    // TODO : asynchronous version
+    template <size_t alignment>
+    void copy(
+        const_array_view<value_type, host_coordinator<value_type, pinned_allocator<value_type, alignment>>> from,
+        view_type to)
+    {
+        #ifdef VERBOSE
+        std::cerr << util::type_printer<device_coordinator>::print()
+                  << util::blue("::copy") << "(size=" << from.size() << ") " << from.data() << " -> " << to.data() << "\n";
+        #endif
+        EXPECTS(from.size()==to.size());
+
+        #ifdef VERBOSE
+        using oType = array_view< value_type, host_coordinator< value_type, pinned_allocator< value_type, alignment>>>;
+        std::cout << util::pretty_printer<device_coordinator>::print(*this)
+                  << "::" << util::blue("copy") << "(asynchronous, " << from.size() << ")"
+                  << "\n  " << util::type_printer<oType>::print() << " "
+                  << util::print_pointer(from.data()) << " -> "
+                  << util::print_pointer(to.data()) << "\n";
+        #endif
+
+        auto status = cudaMemcpy(
+                reinterpret_cast<void*>(to.begin()),
+                reinterpret_cast<const void*>(from.begin()),
+                from.size()*sizeof(value_type),
+                cudaMemcpyHostToDevice
+        );
+        if(status != cudaSuccess) {
+            LOG_ERROR("cudaMemcpy(h2d, " + std::to_string(sizeof(T)*from.size()) + ") " + cudaGetErrorString(status));
+            abort();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // generates compile time error if there is an attempt to copy from memory
+    // that is managed by a coordinator for which there is no specialization
+    template <class CoordOther>
+    void copy(const array_view<value_type, CoordOther>& from, view_type& to) {
+        static_assert(true, "device_coordinator: unable to copy from other Coordinator");
+    }
+
+    // fill memory
+    void set(view_type &rng, value_type value) {
+        gpu::fill<value_type>(rng.data(), value, rng.size());
+    }
+
+    // generate reference objects for a raw pointer.
+    reference make_reference(value_type* p) {
+        return reference(p);
+    }
+
+    const_reference make_reference(value_type const* p) const {
+        return const_reference(p);
+    }
+
+    static constexpr
+    auto alignment() -> decltype(Allocator_::alignment()) {
+        return Allocator_::alignment();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr
+    bool is_malloc_compatible() {
+        return Allocator_::is_malloc_compatible();
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace memory
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
diff --git a/src/memory/fill.cu b/src/memory/fill.cu
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..917b03d42768670ab1d6166961c7c58093472e08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/memory/fill.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
+namespace memory {
+namespace gpu {
+    template <typename T, typename I>
+    __global__
+    void fill_kernel(T* v, T value, I n) {
+        auto tid = threadIdx.x + blockDim.x*blockIdx.x;
+
+        if(tid < n) {
+            v[tid] = value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    unsigned grid_dim(std::size_t n, unsigned block_dim) {
+        return (n+block_dim-1)/block_dim;
+    }
+
+    void fill8(uint8_t* v, uint8_t value, std::size_t n) {
+        unsigned block_dim = 192;
+        fill_kernel<<<grid_dim(n, block_dim), block_dim>>>(v, value, n);
+    };
+
+    void fill16(uint16_t* v, uint16_t value, std::size_t n) {
+        unsigned block_dim = 192;
+        fill_kernel<<<grid_dim(n, block_dim), block_dim>>>(v, value, n);
+    };
+
+    void fill32(uint32_t* v, uint32_t value, std::size_t n) {
+        unsigned block_dim = 192;
+        fill_kernel<<<grid_dim(n, block_dim), block_dim>>>(v, value, n);
+    };
+
+    void fill64(uint64_t* v, uint64_t value, std::size_t n) {
+        unsigned block_dim = 192;
+        fill_kernel<<<grid_dim(n, block_dim), block_dim>>>(v, value, n);
+    };
+} // namespace gpu
+} // namespace memory
+} // namespace nest
+} // namespace mc
diff --git a/src/memory/gpu.hpp b/src/memory/gpu.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f526c5a748c535602114cfd4907d26d164135cfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/memory/gpu.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef WITH_CUDA
+
+#include <string>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "util.hpp"
+
+#include <cuda.h>
+#include <cuda_runtime.h>
+
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
+namespace memory {
+namespace gpu {
+
+//
+// prototypes for compiled wrappers around fill kernels for GPU memory
+//
+void fill8(uint8_t* v, uint8_t value, std::size_t n);
+void fill16(uint16_t* v, uint16_t value, std::size_t n);
+void fill32(uint32_t* v, uint32_t value, std::size_t n);
+void fill64(uint64_t* v, uint64_t value, std::size_t n);
+
+//
+// helpers for memory where at least on of the target or source is on the gpu
+//
+template <typename T>
+void memcpy_d2h(const T* from, T* to, std::size_t size) {
+    auto bytes = sizeof(T)*size;
+    if (size==0) return;
+    auto status = cudaMemcpy(
+        reinterpret_cast<void*>(to), reinterpret_cast<const void*>(from),
+        bytes, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost
+    );
+    if(status != cudaSuccess) {
+        LOG_ERROR("cudaMemcpy(d2h, " + std::to_string(bytes) + ") " + cudaGetErrorString(status));
+        abort();
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void memcpy_h2d(const T* from, T* to, std::size_t size) {
+    auto bytes = sizeof(T)*size;
+    if (size==0) return;
+    auto status = cudaMemcpy(
+        reinterpret_cast<void*>(to), reinterpret_cast<const void*>(from),
+        bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice
+    );
+    if(status != cudaSuccess) {
+        LOG_ERROR("cudaMemcpy(h2d, " + std::to_string(bytes) + ") " + cudaGetErrorString(status));
+        abort();
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void memcpy_d2d(const T* from, T* to, std::size_t size) {
+    auto bytes = sizeof(T)*size;
+    if (size==0) return;
+    auto status = cudaMemcpy(
+        reinterpret_cast<void*>(to), reinterpret_cast<const void*>(from),
+        bytes, cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice
+    );
+    if(status != cudaSuccess) {
+        LOG_ERROR("cudaMemcpy(d2d, " + std::to_string(bytes) + ") " + cudaGetErrorString(status));
+        abort();
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace gpu
+} // namespace memory
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
+
+#endif
diff --git a/vector/include/HostCoordinator.hpp b/src/memory/host_coordinator.hpp
similarity index 53%
rename from vector/include/HostCoordinator.hpp
rename to src/memory/host_coordinator.hpp
index fdec72cc1057677c4b7f677226888df023dfea19..13cf3d55b5ab63ce75f6a979a3471902c8443558 100644
--- a/vector/include/HostCoordinator.hpp
+++ b/src/memory/host_coordinator.hpp
@@ -4,44 +4,53 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
+#include <util/debug.hpp>
+
 #include "definitions.hpp"
-#include "Array.hpp"
-#include "Allocator.hpp"
+#include "array.hpp"
+#include "allocator.hpp"
+#include "util.hpp"
 
+#ifdef WITH_CUDA
+#include "gpu.hpp"
+#endif
+
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
 namespace memory {
 
 // forward declare for type printers
 template <typename T, class Allocator>
-class HostCoordinator;
+class host_coordinator;
 
 #ifdef WITH_CUDA
 template <typename T, class Allocator>
-class DeviceCoordinator;
+class device_coordinator;
 #endif
 
 namespace util {
     template <typename T, typename Allocator>
-    struct type_printer<HostCoordinator<T,Allocator>>{
+    struct type_printer<host_coordinator<T,Allocator>>{
         static std::string print() {
             #if VERBOSE>1
-            return util::white("HostCoordinator") + "<" + type_printer<T>::print()
+            return util::white("host_coordinator") + "<" + type_printer<T>::print()
                    + ", " + type_printer<Allocator>::print() + ">";
             #else
-            return util::white("HostCoordinator") + "<" + type_printer<T>::print() + ">";
+            return util::white("host_coordinator") + "<" + type_printer<T>::print() + ">";
             #endif
         }
     };
 
     template <typename T, typename Allocator>
-    struct pretty_printer<HostCoordinator<T,Allocator>>{
-        static std::string print(const HostCoordinator<T,Allocator>& val) {
-            return type_printer<HostCoordinator<T,Allocator>>::print();;
+    struct pretty_printer<host_coordinator<T,Allocator>>{
+        static std::string print(const host_coordinator<T,Allocator>& val) {
+            return type_printer<host_coordinator<T,Allocator>>::print();;
         }
     };
 } // namespace util
 
-template <typename T, class Allocator=AlignedAllocator<T> >
-class HostCoordinator {
+template <typename T, class Allocator=aligned_allocator<T> >
+class host_coordinator {
 public:
     using value_type = T;
 
@@ -49,13 +58,14 @@ public:
     using const_pointer   = const value_type*;
     using reference       = value_type&;
     using const_reference = value_type const&;
-    using view_type       = ArrayView<value_type, HostCoordinator>;
+    using view_type       = array_view<value_type, host_coordinator>;
+    using const_view_type = const_array_view<value_type, host_coordinator>;
     using size_type       = types::size_type;
     using difference_type = types::difference_type;
 
     // rebind host_coordinator with another type
     template <typename Tother>
-    using rebind = HostCoordinator<Tother, Allocator>;
+    using rebind = host_coordinator<Tother, Allocator>;
 
     view_type allocate(size_type n) {
         typename Allocator::template rebind<value_type> allocator;
@@ -63,7 +73,7 @@ public:
         pointer ptr = n>0 ? allocator.allocate(n) : nullptr;
 
         #ifdef VERBOSE
-        std::cerr << util::type_printer<HostCoordinator>::print()
+        std::cerr << util::type_printer<host_coordinator>::print()
                   << "::" + util::blue("alocate") << "(" << n
                   << " [" << n*sizeof(value_type) << " bytes]) @ " << ptr
                   << std::endl;
@@ -77,7 +87,7 @@ public:
 
         if(rng.data()) {
         #ifdef VERBOSE
-            std::cerr << util::type_printer<HostCoordinator>::print()
+            std::cerr << util::type_printer<host_coordinator>::print()
                       << "::" + util::blue("free") << "(" << rng.size()
                       << " [" << rng.size()*sizeof(value_type) << " bytes])"
                       << " @ " << rng.data()
@@ -93,80 +103,71 @@ public:
 
     // copy memory between host memory ranges
     template <typename Allocator1, typename Allocator2>
-    // requires Allocator1 = Allocator
-    // requires Allocator2 = Allocator
-    void copy(const ArrayView<value_type, HostCoordinator<value_type, Allocator1>>& from,
-                    ArrayView<value_type, HostCoordinator<value_type, Allocator2>>& to)
+    // requires Allocator1 is Allocator
+    // requires Allocator2 is Allocator
+    void copy(
+        const_array_view<value_type, host_coordinator<value_type, Allocator1>> from,
+        array_view<value_type, host_coordinator<value_type, Allocator2>> to)
     {
-        assert(from.size()==to.size());
-        assert(!from.overlaps(to));
+        EXPECTS(from.size()==to.size());
+        EXPECTS(!from.overlaps(to));
 
         #ifdef VERBOSE
-        using c1 = HostCoordinator<value_type, Allocator1>;
+        using c1 = host_coordinator<value_type, Allocator1>;
         std::cerr << util::type_printer<c1>::print()
                   << "::" + util::blue("copy") << "(" << from.size()
                   << " [" << from.size()*sizeof(value_type) << " bytes])"
-                  << " " << from.data() << util::yellow(" -> ") << to.data()
+                  << " " << util::print_pointer(from.data()) << util::yellow(" -> ") << util::print_pointer(to.data())
                   << std::endl;
         #endif
 
         std::copy(from.begin(), from.end(), to.begin());
     }
 
-    // copy memory between host memory ranges
-    template <typename Allocator1, typename Allocator2>
-    // requires Allocator1 = Allocator
-    // requires Allocator2 = Allocator
-    void copy(const ConstArrayView<value_type, HostCoordinator<value_type, Allocator1>>& from,
-                    ArrayView<value_type, HostCoordinator<value_type, Allocator2>>& to)
+#ifdef WITH_CUDA
+    // copy memory from device to host
+    template <class Alloc>
+    void copy(
+        const_array_view<value_type, device_coordinator<value_type, Alloc>> from,
+        view_type to)
     {
-        assert(from.size()==to.size());
-        assert(!from.overlaps(to));
+        EXPECTS(from.size()==to.size());
 
         #ifdef VERBOSE
-        using c1 = HostCoordinator<value_type, Allocator1>;
-        std::cerr << util::type_printer<c1>::print()
-                  << "::" + util::blue("copy") << "(" << from.size()
+        std::cerr << util::type_printer<host_coordinator>::print()
+                  << "::" + util::blue("copy") << "(device2host, " << from.size()
                   << " [" << from.size()*sizeof(value_type) << " bytes])"
-                  << " " << from.data() << util::yellow(" -> ") << to.data()
-                  << std::endl;
+                  << " " << util::print_pointer(from.data()) << util::yellow(" -> ")
+                  << util::print_pointer(to.data()) << std::endl;
         #endif
 
-        std::copy(from.begin(), from.end(), to.begin());
+        gpu::memcpy_d2h(from.data(), to.data(), from.size());
     }
 
-#ifdef WITH_CUDA
-    // copy memory from device to host
+    // copy memory from host to device
     template <class Alloc>
-    void copy(const ArrayView<value_type, DeviceCoordinator<value_type, Alloc>> &from,
-              view_type &to) {
-        assert(from.size()==to.size());
+    void copy(
+        const_view_type from,
+        array_view<value_type, device_coordinator<value_type, Alloc>> to)
+    {
+        EXPECTS(from.size()==to.size());
 
         #ifdef VERBOSE
-        std::cerr << util::type_printer<HostCoordinator>::print()
-                  << "::" + util::blue("copy") << "(device2host, " << from.size()
+        std::cerr << util::type_printer<host_coordinator>::print()
+                  << "::" + util::blue("copy") << "(host2device, " << from.size()
                   << " [" << from.size()*sizeof(value_type) << " bytes])"
-                  << " " << from.data() << util::yellow(" -> ") << to.data()
-                  << std::endl;
+                  << " " << util::print_pointer(from.data()) << util::yellow(" -> ")
+                  << util::print_pointer(to.data()) << std::endl;
         #endif
 
-        auto status = cudaMemcpy(
-                reinterpret_cast<void*>(to.begin()),
-                reinterpret_cast<const void*>(from.begin()),
-                from.size()*sizeof(value_type),
-                cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost
-        );
-        if(status != cudaSuccess) {
-            std::cerr << util::red("error") << " bad CUDA memcopy, unable to copy " << sizeof(T)*from.size() << " bytes from host to device";
-            exit(-1);
-        }
+        gpu::memcpy_h2d(from.data(), to.data(), from.size());
     }
 #endif
 
     // set all values in a range to val
-    void set(view_type &rng, value_type val) {
+    void set(view_type rng, value_type val) {
         #ifdef VERBOSE
-        std::cerr << util::type_printer<HostCoordinator>::print()
+        std::cerr << util::type_printer<host_coordinator>::print()
                   << "::" + util::blue("fill")
                   << "(" << rng.size()  << " * " << val << ")"
                   << " @ " << rng.data()
@@ -194,4 +195,6 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-} //namespace memory
+} // namespace memory
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
diff --git a/src/memory/memory.hpp b/src/memory/memory.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cb96e739b837ad2f0bbbf312514247b27f67d1a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/memory/memory.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "array.hpp"
+#include "definitions.hpp"
+#include "host_coordinator.hpp"
+
+#ifdef WITH_CUDA
+#include "device_coordinator.hpp"
+#endif
+
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
+namespace memory {
+
+// specialization for host vectors
+template <typename T>
+using host_vector = array<T, host_coordinator<T>>;
+template <typename T>
+using host_view = array_view<T, host_coordinator<T>>;
+
+template <typename T>
+std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& o, host_view<T> const& v) {
+    o << "[";
+    for(auto const& value: v) o << value << ",";
+    o << "]";
+
+    return o;
+}
+
+#ifdef WITH_CUDA
+// specialization for pinned vectors. Use a host_coordinator, because memory is
+// in the host memory space, and all of the helpers (copy, set, etc) are the
+// same with and without page locked memory
+template <typename T>
+using pinned_vector = array<T, host_coordinator<T, pinned_allocator<T>>>;
+template <typename T>
+using pinned_view = array_view<T, host_coordinator<T, pinned_allocator<T>>>;
+
+// specialization for device memory
+template <typename T>
+using device_vector = array<T, device_coordinator<T, cuda_allocator<T>>>;
+template <typename T>
+using device_view = array_view<T, device_coordinator<T, cuda_allocator<T>>>;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef WITH_KNL
+// specialization for HBW memory on KNL
+template <typename T>
+using hwb_vector = array<T, host_coordinator<T, hwb_allocator<T>>>;
+template <typename T>
+using hwb_view = array_view<T, host_coordinator<T, hwb_allocator<T>>>;
+#endif
+
+} // namespace memory
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
+
+// now import the helpers
+// these require that host_vector etc have been defined
+#include "wrappers.hpp"
+#include "copy.hpp"
diff --git a/vector/include/RangeLimits.hpp b/src/memory/range_limits.hpp
similarity index 60%
rename from vector/include/RangeLimits.hpp
rename to src/memory/range_limits.hpp
index e69cfef98f96e66be8f98d3df3b207e01802e6ef..2b8d85ff794e972bdc5593d3e4301df7f7ff111e 100644
--- a/vector/include/RangeLimits.hpp
+++ b/src/memory/range_limits.hpp
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 #pragma once
 
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
 namespace memory {
 // tag for final element in a range
 struct end_type {};
 
-// tag for complete range
-struct all_type { };
-
 namespace{
     // attach the unused attribute so that -Wall won't generate warnings when
-    // translation units that include this file don't use these variables
+    // translation units that include this file don't use end
     end_type end [[gnu::unused]];
-    all_type all [[gnu::unused]];
 }
+
 } // namespace memory
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
diff --git a/src/memory/util.hpp b/src/memory/util.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0fe62e67fbce9fb3f8c89d449240fc24374f5165
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/memory/util.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <util/debug.hpp>
+
+#define LOG_ERROR(msg) nest::mc::util::backtrace().print(); util::log_error(__FILE__, __LINE__, msg)
+
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
+namespace memory {
+namespace util {
+
+//'\e[1;31m' # Red
+//'\e[1;32m' # Green
+//'\e[1;33m' # Yellow
+//'\e[1;34m' # Blue
+//'\e[1;35m' # Purple
+//'\e[1;36m' # Cyan
+//'\e[1;37m' # White
+enum stringColor {kWhite, kRed, kGreen, kBlue, kYellow, kPurple, kCyan};
+
+#define COLOR_PRINTING
+#ifdef COLOR_PRINTING
+inline std::string colorize(std::string const& s, stringColor c) {
+    switch(c) {
+        case kWhite :
+            return "\033[1;37m"  + s + "\033[0m";
+        case kRed   :
+            return "\033[1;31m" + s + "\033[0m";
+        case kGreen :
+            return "\033[1;32m" + s + "\033[0m";
+        case kBlue  :
+            return "\033[1;34m" + s + "\033[0m";
+        case kYellow:
+            return "\033[1;33m" + s + "\033[0m";
+        case kPurple:
+            return "\033[1;35m" + s + "\033[0m";
+        case kCyan  :
+            return "\033[1;36m" + s + "\033[0m";
+    }
+    // avoid warnings from GCC
+    return s;
+}
+#else
+inline std::string colorize(std::string const& s, stringColor c) {
+    return s;
+}
+#endif
+
+// helpers for inline printing
+inline std::string red(std::string const& s) {
+    return colorize(s, kRed);
+}
+inline std::string green(std::string const& s) {
+    return colorize(s, kGreen);
+}
+inline std::string yellow(std::string const& s) {
+    return colorize(s, kYellow);
+}
+inline std::string blue(std::string const& s) {
+    return colorize(s, kBlue);
+}
+inline std::string purple(std::string const& s) {
+    return colorize(s, kPurple);
+}
+inline std::string cyan(std::string const& s) {
+    return colorize(s, kCyan);
+}
+inline std::string white(std::string const& s) {
+    return colorize(s, kWhite);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+std::string print_pointer(const T* ptr) {
+    std::stringstream s;
+    s << ptr;
+    return yellow(s.str());
+}
+
+inline void log_error(const char* file, int line, std::string msg) {
+    std::cerr
+        << red("runtime error") << " @ "
+        << white(file) << ":" << line << "\n    " << msg << std::endl;
+}
+
+} // namespace util
+} // namespace memory
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
diff --git a/src/memory/wrappers.hpp b/src/memory/wrappers.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d7f98610970e6fe79ac80c8aaa153c303c02233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/memory/wrappers.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <memory/memory.hpp>
+
+#ifdef WITH_CUDA
+#include <cuda.h>
+#include <cuda_runtime.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
+namespace memory {
+
+//
+// helpers that allow us to easily generate a view or const_view for an arbitrary type
+//
+
+//
+// array
+//
+
+// note we have to pass by non-const reference because
+template <typename T, typename Coordinator>
+array_view<T, Coordinator>
+make_view(array<T, Coordinator>& a) {
+    return array_view<T, Coordinator>(a.data(), a.size());
+}
+
+// pass by const reference
+template <typename T, typename Coordinator>
+const_array_view<T, Coordinator>
+make_const_view(const array<T, Coordinator>& a) {
+    return const_array_view<T, Coordinator>(a.data(), a.size());
+}
+
+//
+// array_view
+//
+template <typename T, typename Coordinator>
+array_view<T, Coordinator>
+make_view(array_view<T, Coordinator> v) {
+    return v;
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename Coordinator>
+const_array_view<T, Coordinator>
+make_const_view(array_view<T, Coordinator> v) {
+    return const_array_view<T, Coordinator>(v.data(), v.size());
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename Coordinator>
+const_array_view<T, Coordinator>
+make_const_view(const_array_view<T, Coordinator> v) {
+    return const_array_view<T, Coordinator>(v.data(), v.size());
+}
+
+//
+// std::vector
+//
+template <typename T, typename Allocator>
+array_view<T, host_coordinator<T>>
+make_view(std::vector<T, Allocator>& vec) {
+    return array_view<T, host_coordinator<T>>(vec.data(), vec.size());
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename Allocator>
+const_array_view<T, host_coordinator<T>>
+make_const_view(const std::vector<T, Allocator>& vec) {
+    return const_array_view<T, host_coordinator<T>>(vec.data(), vec.size());
+}
+
+//
+// namespace with metafunctions
+//
+namespace util {
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_on_host : std::false_type {};
+
+    template <typename T, typename Allocator>
+    struct is_on_host<std::vector<T, Allocator>> : std::true_type {};
+
+    template <typename T, typename Allocator>
+    struct is_on_host<array<T, host_coordinator<T, Allocator>>> : std::true_type {};
+
+    template <typename T, typename Allocator>
+    struct is_on_host<array_view<T, host_coordinator<T, Allocator>>> : std::true_type {};
+
+    template <typename T, typename Allocator>
+    struct is_on_host<const_array_view<T, host_coordinator<T, Allocator>>> : std::true_type {};
+
+    template <typename T>
+    constexpr bool is_on_host_v() {
+        return is_on_host<typename std::decay<T>::type>::value;
+    }
+
+    #ifdef WITH_CUDA
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_on_gpu : std::false_type {};
+
+    template <typename T, typename Allocator>
+    struct is_on_gpu<array<T, device_coordinator<T, Allocator>>> : std::true_type {};
+
+    template <typename T, typename Allocator>
+    struct is_on_gpu<array_view<T, device_coordinator<T, Allocator>>> : std::true_type {};
+
+    template <typename T, typename Allocator>
+    struct is_on_gpu<const_array_view<T, device_coordinator<T, Allocator>>> : std::true_type {};
+
+    template <typename T>
+    constexpr bool is_on_gpu_v() {
+        return is_on_gpu<typename std::decay<T>::type>::value;
+    }
+    #endif
+}
+
+
+//
+// Helpers for getting a target-specific view of data.
+// these return either const_view or an rvalue, so that the original memory
+// range can't be modified via the returned type.
+//
+
+// host
+template <
+    typename C,
+    typename = typename std::enable_if<util::is_on_host_v<C>()>::type
+>
+auto on_host(const C& c) -> decltype(make_const_view(c)) {
+    return make_const_view(c);
+}
+
+#ifdef WITH_CUDA
+template <
+    typename C,
+    typename = typename std::enable_if<util::is_on_gpu_v<C>()>::type
+>
+auto on_host(const C& c) -> host_vector<typename C::value_type> {
+    using T = typename C::value_type;
+    return host_vector<T>(make_const_view(c));
+}
+
+// gpu
+template <
+    typename C,
+    typename = typename std::enable_if<util::is_on_gpu_v<C>()>::type
+>
+auto on_gpu(const C& c) -> decltype(make_const_view(c)) {
+    return make_const_view(c);
+}
+
+template <
+    typename C,
+    typename = typename std::enable_if<util::is_on_host_v<C>()>::type
+>
+auto on_gpu(const C& c) -> device_vector<typename C::value_type> {
+    using T = typename C::value_type;
+    return device_vector<T>(make_const_view(c));
+}
+#endif
+
+} // namespace memory
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
diff --git a/src/model.hpp b/src/model.hpp
index 5521913ae078bf3ca6e5045e2dca83403ae076d1..d3926d20994883f87cb7d39c95e5c7b7fb2ea4e4 100644
--- a/src/model.hpp
+++ b/src/model.hpp
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 #include <cell_group.hpp>
 #include <communication/communicator.hpp>
 #include <communication/global_policy.hpp>
-#include <fvm_cell.hpp>
 #include <profiling/profiler.hpp>
 #include <recipe.hpp>
 #include <thread_private_spike_store.hpp>
diff --git a/src/profiling/profiler.cpp b/src/profiling/profiler.cpp
index 83c15d78fa7f4c5d6a076d4ff534ef77fc891a57..90af76af79289b6a8af87b1b319b8e6528919dce 100644
--- a/src/profiling/profiler.cpp
+++ b/src/profiling/profiler.cpp
@@ -1,14 +1,56 @@
 #include <numeric>
 
+#ifdef WITH_GPU
+    #include <cuda_profiler_api.h>
+#endif
+
 #include <common_types.hpp>
 #include <communication/global_policy.hpp>
 #include <profiling/profiler.hpp>
+#include <util/make_unique.hpp>
 #include <util/debug.hpp>
 
 namespace nest {
 namespace mc {
 namespace util {
 
+// Here we provide functionality that the profiler can use to control the CUDA
+// profiler nvprof. The cudaStartProfiler and cudaStopProfiler API calls are
+// provided to let a program control which parts of the program are to be
+// profiled.
+// Here are some wrappers that the NestMC profiler restrict nvprof to recording
+// only the time intervals that the user requests when they start and stop the
+// profiler.
+// It is a simple wrapper around the API calls with a mutex to ensure correct
+// behaviour when multiple threads attempt to start or stop the profiler.
+#ifdef WITH_GPU
+namespace gpu {
+    bool is_running_nvprof = false;
+    std::mutex gpu_profiler_mutex;
+
+    void start_nvprof() {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(gpu_profiler_mutex);
+        if (!is_running_nvprof) {
+            cudaProfilerStart();
+        }
+        is_running_nvprof = true;
+    }
+
+    void stop_nvprof() {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(gpu_profiler_mutex);
+        if (is_running_nvprof) {
+            cudaProfilerStop();
+        }
+        is_running_nvprof = false;
+    }
+}
+#else
+namespace gpu {
+    void start_nvprof() {}
+    void stop_nvprof()  {}
+}
+#endif
+
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // profiler_node
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -219,6 +261,7 @@ void profiler::leave(int n) {
 }
 
 void profiler::start() {
+    gpu::start_nvprof();
     if (is_activated()) {
         throw std::out_of_range(
                 "attempt to start an already running profiler"
@@ -293,6 +336,7 @@ void profiler_leave(int nlevels) {
 
 /// iterate over all profilers and ensure that they have the same start stop times
 void profilers_stop() {
+    gpu::stop_nvprof();
     for (auto& p : data::profilers_) {
         p.stop();
     }
diff --git a/src/profiling/profiler.hpp b/src/profiling/profiler.hpp
index 3ca61f22d5e205631fcd5ff8db74b141cd31a630..2db847f9619626adea7aad7911e880015a164986 100644
--- a/src/profiling/profiler.hpp
+++ b/src/profiling/profiler.hpp
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 #include <json/json.hpp>
 
 #include <threading/threading.hpp>
-#include <util.hpp>
 
 namespace nest {
 namespace mc {
diff --git a/src/segment.hpp b/src/segment.hpp
index dd6e8fee88dc1cf9a2ab12896a1760d6a933a95b..dc518170485c03b4616462e18132f32782026eb6 100644
--- a/src/segment.hpp
+++ b/src/segment.hpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #include <math.hpp>
 #include <parameter_list.hpp>
 #include <point.hpp>
-#include <util.hpp>
+#include <util/make_unique.hpp>
 
 namespace nest {
 namespace mc {
@@ -465,8 +465,7 @@ using segment_ptr = std::unique_ptr<segment>;
 /// Forwards the supplied arguments to construct a segment of type SegmentType.
 /// e.g. auto my_cable = make_segment<cable>(segmentKind::dendrite, ... );
 template <typename SegmentType, typename... Args>
-segment_ptr make_segment(Args&&... args)
-{
+segment_ptr make_segment(Args&&... args) {
     return segment_ptr(new SegmentType(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
 }
 
diff --git a/src/spike_source.hpp b/src/spike_source.hpp
index fd043a3a6252410d89fd5d64c0d9d57816f14987..52bfccc920298a641308ed29a956cfb861095430 100644
--- a/src/spike_source.hpp
+++ b/src/spike_source.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,12 @@ class spike_detector {
 public:
     using cell_type = Cell;
 
-    spike_detector(const cell_type& cell, typename Cell::detector_handle h, double thresh, float t_init) :
+    spike_detector(
+        const cell_type& cell,
+        typename Cell::detector_handle h,
+        double thresh,
+        float t_init
+    ):
         handle_(h),
         threshold_(thresh)
     {
diff --git a/src/swcio.cpp b/src/swcio.cpp
index db8001be40447864ce5c6c5974f274fb516afcf8..1c5ee0bb0fb1345d627e68f6596cde8459145035 100644
--- a/src/swcio.cpp
+++ b/src/swcio.cpp
@@ -5,11 +5,10 @@
 #include <sstream>
 #include <unordered_set>
 
-#include "algorithms.hpp"
-#include "point.hpp"
-#include "swcio.hpp"
-#include "util.hpp"
-#include "util/debug.hpp"
+#include <algorithms.hpp>
+#include <point.hpp>
+#include <swcio.hpp>
+#include <util/debug.hpp>
 
 namespace nest {
 namespace mc {
diff --git a/src/tree.hpp b/src/tree.hpp
index cd59537411e90c7b5efa696ebe8d5baed9c5ea1a..5a1d90687162254e2ec110d51e3b08628b78d220 100644
--- a/src/tree.hpp
+++ b/src/tree.hpp
@@ -4,25 +4,23 @@
 #include <cassert>
 #include <numeric>
 #include <vector>
-#include <vector/include/Vector.hpp>
+#include <memory/memory.hpp>
+#include <util/span.hpp>
 
-#include "algorithms.hpp"
-#include "util.hpp"
+#include <algorithms.hpp>
 
 namespace nest {
 namespace mc {
 
 template <typename Int, typename Size = std::size_t>
 class tree {
-    using range = memory::Range;
-
 public:
     using int_type = Int;
     using size_type = Size;
 
-    using index_type = memory::HostVector<int_type>;
-    using view_type  = typename index_type::view_type;
-    using const_view_type = typename index_type::const_view_type;
+    using iarray = memory::host_vector<int_type>;
+    using view_type  = typename iarray::view_type;
+    using const_view_type = typename iarray::const_view_type;
     static constexpr int_type no_parent = (int_type)-1;
 
     tree() = default;
@@ -68,11 +66,12 @@ public:
             parent_index, algorithms::branches(parent_index));
 
         init(new_parent_index.size());
-        parents_(memory::all) = new_parent_index;
+        //parents_(memory::all) = new_parent_index;
+        memory::copy(new_parent_index, parents_);
         parents_[0] = no_parent;
 
-        child_index_(memory::all) =
-            algorithms::make_index(algorithms::child_count(parents_));
+        //child_index_(memory::all) = algorithms::make_index(algorithms::child_count(parents_));
+        memory::copy(algorithms::make_index(algorithms::child_count(parents_)), child_index_);
 
         std::vector<int_type> pos(parents_.size(), 0);
         for (auto i = 1u; i < parents_.size(); ++i) {
@@ -130,12 +129,12 @@ public:
         return sizeof(int_type)*data_.size() + sizeof(tree);
     }
 
-    index_type change_root(size_t b) {
+    iarray change_root(size_t b) {
         assert(b<num_nodes());
 
         // no need to rebalance if the root node has been requested
         if(b==0) {
-            return index_type();
+            return iarray();
         }
 
         // create new tree with memory allocated
@@ -143,13 +142,13 @@ public:
         new_tree.init(num_nodes());
 
         // add the root node
-        new_tree.parents_[0] = -1;
+        new_tree.parents_[0] = no_parent;
         new_tree.child_index_[0] = 0;
 
         // allocate space for the permutation vector that
         // will represent the permutation performed on the branches
         // during the rebalancing
-        index_type p(num_nodes(), -1);
+        iarray p(num_nodes(), -1);
 
         // recersively rebalance the tree
         new_tree.add_children(0, b, 0, p, *this);
@@ -172,7 +171,7 @@ private:
     void init(size_type nnode) {
         auto nchild = nnode - 1;
 
-        data_ = index_type(nchild + (nnode + 1) + nnode);
+        data_ = iarray(nchild + (nnode + 1) + nnode);
         set_ranges(nnode);
     }
 
@@ -280,7 +279,7 @@ private:
     //////////////////////////////////////////////////
     // state
     //////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    index_type data_;
+    iarray data_;
 
     // provide default parameters so that tree type can
     // be default constructed
@@ -292,7 +291,7 @@ private:
 template <typename IntT, typename SizeT, typename C>
 std::vector<IntT> make_parent_index(tree<IntT, SizeT> const& t, C const& counts)
 {
-    using range = memory::Range;
+    using util::make_span;
     using int_type = typename tree<IntT, SizeT>::int_type;
     constexpr auto no_parent = tree<IntT, SizeT>::no_parent;
 
@@ -305,7 +304,7 @@ std::vector<IntT> make_parent_index(tree<IntT, SizeT> const& t, C const& counts)
     auto num_compartments = index.back();
     std::vector<int_type> parent_index(num_compartments);
     int_type pos = 0;
-    for (int_type i : range(0, t.num_nodes())) {
+    for (int_type i : make_span(0, t.num_nodes())) {
         // get the parent of this segment
         // taking care for the case where the root node has -1 as its parent
         auto parent = t.parent(i);
diff --git a/src/util.hpp b/src/util.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 243987e628685ee4d4414394b054bebc6e7646a0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/src/util.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,139 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <vector/include/Vector.hpp>
-
-/*
-using memory::util::red;
-using memory::util::yellow;
-using memory::util::green;
-using memory::util::white;
-using memory::util::blue;
-using memory::util::cyan;
-*/
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <ostream>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
-
-template <typename T>
-std::ostream&
-operator << (std::ostream& o, std::vector<T>const& v)
-{
-    o << "[";
-    for(auto const& i: v) {
-        o << i << ",";
-    }
-    o << "]";
-    return o;
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-std::ostream& print(std::ostream& o, std::vector<T>const& v)
-{
-    o << "[";
-    for(auto const& i: v) {
-        o << i << ",";
-    }
-    o << "]";
-    return o;
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-bool operator ==(const std::vector<T>& lhs, const std::vector<T>& rhs)
-{
-    if(lhs.size() != rhs.size()) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    return std::equal(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(), rhs.begin());
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-bool operator !=(const std::vector<T>& lhs, const std::vector<T>& rhs)
-{
-    return !(lhs==rhs);
-}
-
-namespace nest {
-namespace mc {
-namespace util {
-
-    // just because we aren't using C++14, doesn't mean we shouldn't go
-    // without make_unique
-    template <typename T, typename... Args>
-    std::unique_ptr<T> make_unique(Args&&... args) {
-        return std::unique_ptr<T>(new T(std::forward<Args>(args) ...));
-    }
-
-    /// helper for taking the first value in a std::pair
-    template <typename L, typename R>
-    L const& left(std::pair<L, R> const& p)
-    {
-        return p.first;
-    }
-
-    /// helper for taking the second value in a std::pair
-    template <typename L, typename R>
-    R const& right(std::pair<L, R> const& p)
-    {
-        return p.second;
-    }
-
-    template <typename T>
-    struct is_std_vector : std::false_type {};
-
-    template <typename T, typename C>
-    struct is_std_vector<std::vector<T,C>> : std::true_type {};
-
-    template <typename T>
-    struct is_container :
-        std::conditional<
-             is_std_vector<typename std::decay<T>::type>::value ||
-             memory::is_array<T>::value,
-             std::true_type,
-             std::false_type
-        >::type
-    {};
-
-    // printf with variadic templates for simplified string creation
-    // mostly used to simplify error string creation
-    [[gnu::unused]] static
-    std::string pprintf(const char *s) {
-        std::string errstring;
-        while(*s) {
-            if(*s == '%' && s[1]!='%') {
-                // instead of throwing an exception, replace with ??
-                //throw std::runtime_error("pprintf: the number of arguments did not match the format ");
-                errstring += "<?>";
-            }
-            else {
-                errstring += *s;
-            }
-            ++s;
-        }
-        return errstring;
-    }
-
-    template <typename T, typename ... Args>
-    std::string pprintf(const char *s, T value, Args... args) {
-        std::string errstring;
-        while(*s) {
-            if(*s == '%' && s[1]!='%') {
-                std::stringstream str;
-                str << value;
-                errstring += str.str();
-                errstring += pprintf(++s, args...);
-                return errstring;
-            }
-            else {
-                errstring += *s;
-                ++s;
-            }
-        }
-        return errstring;
-    }
-
-} // namespace util
-} // namespace mc
-} // namespace nest
-
diff --git a/src/util/debug.cpp b/src/util/debug.cpp
index f2f039708a860c7fcb9ec65db7345b608a019dd9..c0924d9c7e418830700c23b37da87b251d2a2cf3 100644
--- a/src/util/debug.cpp
+++ b/src/util/debug.cpp
@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@
 #include <iostream>
 #include <mutex>
 
-#include "util/debug.hpp"
-#include "util/ioutil.hpp"
+#include <util/debug.hpp>
+#include <util/ioutil.hpp>
+#include <util/unwind.hpp>
 
 namespace nest {
 namespace mc {
@@ -20,9 +21,12 @@ bool abort_on_failed_assertion(
     int line,
     const char* func)
 {
+    // If libunwind is being used, make a file with a backtrace and print information
+    // to stdcerr.
+    backtrace().print();
+
     // Explicit flush, as we can't assume default buffering semantics on stderr/cerr,
     // and abort() might not flush streams.
-
     std::cerr << file << ':' << line << " " << func
               << ": Assertion `" << assertion << "' failed." << std::endl;
     std::abort();
diff --git a/src/util/debug.hpp b/src/util/debug.hpp
index f189852dc1bd49685920af2c0effdabf5a9ac132..b2c39e49fff756a8b9dc9e809ab1e2281908a451 100644
--- a/src/util/debug.hpp
+++ b/src/util/debug.hpp
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 #include <sstream>
 #include <mutex>
 
-#include "threading/threading.hpp"
+#include <threading/threading.hpp>
+#include "unwind.hpp"
 
 namespace nest {
 namespace mc {
diff --git a/src/util/either.hpp b/src/util/either.hpp
index 36932c96e8be340638c98eb582d06ffa93450828..9fd406a255bff67bc70bcd3b320f81601bff9fdb 100644
--- a/src/util/either.hpp
+++ b/src/util/either.hpp
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ namespace detail {
     };
 } // namespace detail
 
-constexpr std::size_t variant_npos = -1; // emulating C++17 variant type 
+constexpr std::size_t variant_npos = static_cast<std::size_t>(-1); // emulating C++17 variant type 
 
 template <typename A, typename B>
 class either: public detail::either_data<A, B> {
diff --git a/src/util/file.hpp b/src/util/file.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..730fb84958cec97ee26bcb6a753d9641aa815d4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/util/file.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <fstream>
+
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
+namespace util {
+
+inline bool file_exists(const std::string& file_path) {
+    std::ifstream fid(file_path);
+    return fid.good();
+}
+
+} // namespace util
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
diff --git a/src/util/make_unique.hpp b/src/util/make_unique.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..09cff7c0eefb8a36425869948190452b973fe6fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/util/make_unique.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
+namespace util {
+
+// just because we aren't using C++14, doesn't mean we shouldn't go
+// without make_unique
+template <typename T, typename... Args>
+std::unique_ptr<T> make_unique(Args&&... args) {
+    return std::unique_ptr<T>(new T(std::forward<Args>(args) ...));
+}
+
+} // namespace util
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
+
+
diff --git a/src/util/meta.hpp b/src/util/meta.hpp
index 0e58b49e7090b494547711247fc6152253244ad0..3bc8d9416875af778d77db9d597859a077814b95 100644
--- a/src/util/meta.hpp
+++ b/src/util/meta.hpp
@@ -184,31 +184,31 @@ struct common_random_access_iterator<
 template <typename I, typename E>
 using common_random_access_iterator_t = typename common_random_access_iterator<I, E>::type;
 
-// NB: using this version of SFINAE instead of a void default template
-// parameter because of a bug in gcc 4.9.3.
-template <typename I, typename E>
-struct has_common_random_access_iterator {
-private:
-    constexpr static bool test(...) { return false; }
-
-    template <typename U = I>
-    constexpr static bool test(typename common_random_access_iterator<U, E>::type*) { return true; }
+//
+// TODO : now that we are using gcc 5+, replace these old skool SFINAE thingys
+//
+
+namespace impl {
+    /// Helper for SFINAE tests that can "sink" any type
+    template<typename T>
+    using sink = void;
+}
 
-public:
-    constexpr static bool value = test(nullptr);
-};
+template <typename I, typename E, typename V=void>
+struct has_common_random_access_iterator:
+    std::false_type {};
 
-template <typename S>
-struct is_sequence {
-private:
-    constexpr static bool test(...) { return false; }
+template <typename I, typename E>
+struct has_common_random_access_iterator<I, E, impl::sink<typename common_random_access_iterator<I, E>::type>>:
+    std::true_type {};
 
-    template <typename U = S>
-    constexpr static bool test(decltype(std::begin(std::declval<U>()))*) { return true; }
+template<typename T, typename V=void>
+struct is_sequence:
+    std::false_type {};
 
-public:
-    constexpr static bool value = test(nullptr);
-};
+template<typename T>
+struct is_sequence<T, impl::sink<decltype(std::declval<T>())>>:
+    std::true_type {};
 
 template <typename T>
 using enable_if_sequence_t =
diff --git a/src/util/partition_iterator.hpp b/src/util/partition_iterator.hpp
index dae1475ce91382801d6d827fd3f66f30da9c7a8d..fbfcb93c956e86eac55c0a3310b4605bd745e71c 100644
--- a/src/util/partition_iterator.hpp
+++ b/src/util/partition_iterator.hpp
@@ -21,8 +21,11 @@ namespace util {
 
 template <typename I>
 class partition_iterator: public iterator_adaptor<partition_iterator<I>, I> {
+    // TODO : dirty workaround to make inner_ public by making everything public
+public:
     using base = iterator_adaptor<partition_iterator<I>, I>;
     friend class iterator_adaptor<partition_iterator<I>, I>;
+
     I inner_;
 
     // provides access to inner iterator for adaptor.
@@ -31,7 +34,6 @@ class partition_iterator: public iterator_adaptor<partition_iterator<I>, I> {
 
     using inner_value_type = decay_t<decltype(*inner_)>;
 
-public:
     using typename base::difference_type;
     using value_type = std::pair<inner_value_type, inner_value_type>;
     using pointer = const value_type*;
diff --git a/src/util/pprintf.hpp b/src/util/pprintf.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e038101169ba1b031c9249b859d213ad66ac88e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/util/pprintf.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#pragma once
+
+/*
+ *  printf with variadic templates
+ */
+
+#include <string>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
+namespace util {
+
+inline std::string pprintf(const char *s) {
+    std::string errstring;
+    while(*s) {
+        if(*s == '%' && s[1]!='%') {
+            // instead of throwing an exception, replace with ??
+            //throw std::runtime_error("pprintf: the number of arguments did not match the format ");
+            errstring += "<?>";
+        }
+        else {
+            errstring += *s;
+        }
+        ++s;
+    }
+    return errstring;
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename ... Args>
+std::string pprintf(const char *s, T value, Args... args) {
+    std::string errstring;
+    while(*s) {
+        if(*s == '%' && s[1]!='%') {
+            std::stringstream str;
+            str << value;
+            errstring += str.str();
+            errstring += pprintf(++s, args...);
+            return errstring;
+        }
+        else {
+            errstring += *s;
+            ++s;
+        }
+    }
+    return errstring;
+}
+
+} // namespace util
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
diff --git a/src/util/rangeutil.hpp b/src/util/rangeutil.hpp
index 855cbbecb6271f40fd534295201f82d1f9eb25a4..7f5bf1ac58bb6c65c42aa1c010e39931872982aa 100644
--- a/src/util/rangeutil.hpp
+++ b/src/util/rangeutil.hpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <iterator>
+#include <ostream>
 #include <numeric>
 
 #include <util/meta.hpp>
@@ -232,6 +233,19 @@ Value max_value(const Seq& seq, Compare cmp = Compare{}) {
     return m;
 }
 
+template <typename T, typename Seq>
+std::vector<T> make_std_vector(const Seq& seq) {
+    auto i = std::begin(seq);
+    auto e = std::end(seq);
+    return std::vector<T>(i, e);
+}
+
+template <typename C, typename Seq>
+C make_copy(Seq const& seq) {
+    return C{std::begin(seq), std::end(seq)};
+}
+
 } // namespace util
 } // namespace mc
 } // namespace nest
+
diff --git a/src/util/unwind.cpp b/src/util/unwind.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4a64712e1f0427a7fb77bdc6627d0bbc13164a3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/util/unwind.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#include <util/unwind.hpp>
+
+#ifdef WITH_UNWIND
+
+#define UNW_LOCAL_ONLY
+#include <libunwind.h>
+#include <cxxabi.h>
+
+#include <memory/util.hpp>
+#include <util/file.hpp>
+
+#include <cxxabi.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <string>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
+namespace util {
+
+static_assert(sizeof(std::uintptr_t)>=sizeof(unw_word_t),
+        "assumption that libunwind unw_word_t can be stored in std::uintptr_t is not valid");
+
+///  Builds a stack trace when constructed.
+///  The trace can then be printed, or accessed via the stack() member function.
+backtrace::backtrace() {
+    unw_cursor_t cursor;
+    unw_context_t context;
+
+    // initialize cursor to current frame for local unwinding.
+    unw_getcontext(&context);
+    unw_init_local(&cursor, &context);
+
+    while (unw_step(&cursor) > 0) {
+        // find the stack position
+        unw_word_t offset, pc;
+        unw_get_reg(&cursor, UNW_REG_IP, &pc);
+        if (pc == 0) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // get the name 
+        char sym[512];
+        if (unw_get_proc_name(&cursor, sym, sizeof(sym), &offset) == 0) {
+            frames_.push_back({std::string(sym), pc});
+        } else {
+            frames_.push_back({std::string("???"), pc});
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+std::string demangle(std::string s) {
+    int status;
+    char* demangled = abi::__cxa_demangle(s.c_str(), nullptr, nullptr, &status);
+
+    // __cxa_demangle only returns a non-empty string if it is passed a valid C++
+    // mangled c++ symbol (i.e. it returns an empty string for normal c symbols)
+    if (status==0) {
+        s = demangled;
+    }
+    std::free(demangled); // don't leak the demangled string
+
+    return s;
+}
+
+void backtrace::print(bool stop_at_main) const {
+    using namespace nest::mc::memory::util;
+
+    auto i = 0;
+    while (file_exists("backtrace_" + std::to_string(i))) {
+        ++i;
+    }
+    auto fname = "backtrace_" + std::to_string(i);
+    auto fid = std::ofstream(fname);
+    for (auto& f: frames_) {
+        char loc_str[64];
+        snprintf(loc_str, sizeof(loc_str),"0x%lx", f.position);
+        fid << loc_str << " " << f.name << "\n";
+        if (stop_at_main && f.name=="main") {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    std::cerr << "BACKTRACE: A backtrace was generated and stored in the file " << fname << ".\n";
+    std::cerr << "           View a brief summary of the backtrace by running \"scripts/print_backtrace " << fname << " -b\".\n";
+    std::cerr << "           Run \"scripts/print_backtrace -h\" for more options.\n";
+}
+
+} // namespace util
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
+
+#else
+nest::mc::util::backtrace::backtrace() {}
+void nest::mc::util::backtrace::print(bool) const {}
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/util/unwind.hpp b/src/util/unwind.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68c1cdfde3755008d8e17fc42848218f84d957e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/util/unwind.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace nest {
+namespace mc {
+namespace util {
+
+/// Represents a source code location as a function name and address
+struct source_location {
+    std::string name;
+    std::uintptr_t position; // assume that unw_word_t is a unit64_t
+};
+
+/// Builds a stack trace when constructed.
+/// The trace can then be printed, or accessed via the stack() member function.
+/// NOTE: if WITH_UNWIND is not defined, the methods are empty
+class backtrace {
+public:
+    /// the default constructor will build and store the strack trace.
+    backtrace();
+
+    /// Creates a new file named backtrace_# where # is a number chosen
+    /// The back trace is printed to the file, and a message printed to
+    /// std::cerr with the backtrace file name and instructions for how
+    /// to post-process it.
+    void print(bool stop_at_main=true) const;
+    const std::vector<source_location>& frames() const { return frames_; }
+
+private:
+    std::vector<source_location> frames_;
+};
+
+} // namespace util
+} // namespace mc
+} // namespace nest
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/Arg.h b/tclap/Arg.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/Arg.h
rename to tclap/Arg.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/ArgException.h b/tclap/ArgException.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/ArgException.h
rename to tclap/ArgException.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/ArgTraits.h b/tclap/ArgTraits.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/ArgTraits.h
rename to tclap/ArgTraits.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/CmdLine.h b/tclap/CmdLine.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/CmdLine.h
rename to tclap/CmdLine.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/CmdLineInterface.h b/tclap/CmdLineInterface.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/CmdLineInterface.h
rename to tclap/CmdLineInterface.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/CmdLineOutput.h b/tclap/CmdLineOutput.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/CmdLineOutput.h
rename to tclap/CmdLineOutput.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/Constraint.h b/tclap/Constraint.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/Constraint.h
rename to tclap/Constraint.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/DocBookOutput.h b/tclap/DocBookOutput.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/DocBookOutput.h
rename to tclap/DocBookOutput.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/HelpVisitor.h b/tclap/HelpVisitor.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/HelpVisitor.h
rename to tclap/HelpVisitor.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/IgnoreRestVisitor.h b/tclap/IgnoreRestVisitor.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/IgnoreRestVisitor.h
rename to tclap/IgnoreRestVisitor.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/Makefile.am b/tclap/Makefile.am
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/Makefile.am
rename to tclap/Makefile.am
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/MultiArg.h b/tclap/MultiArg.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/MultiArg.h
rename to tclap/MultiArg.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/MultiSwitchArg.h b/tclap/MultiSwitchArg.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/MultiSwitchArg.h
rename to tclap/MultiSwitchArg.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/OptionalUnlabeledTracker.h b/tclap/OptionalUnlabeledTracker.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/OptionalUnlabeledTracker.h
rename to tclap/OptionalUnlabeledTracker.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/StandardTraits.h b/tclap/StandardTraits.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/StandardTraits.h
rename to tclap/StandardTraits.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/StdOutput.h b/tclap/StdOutput.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/StdOutput.h
rename to tclap/StdOutput.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/SwitchArg.h b/tclap/SwitchArg.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/SwitchArg.h
rename to tclap/SwitchArg.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/UnlabeledMultiArg.h b/tclap/UnlabeledMultiArg.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/UnlabeledMultiArg.h
rename to tclap/UnlabeledMultiArg.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/UnlabeledValueArg.h b/tclap/UnlabeledValueArg.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/UnlabeledValueArg.h
rename to tclap/UnlabeledValueArg.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/ValueArg.h b/tclap/ValueArg.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/ValueArg.h
rename to tclap/ValueArg.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/ValuesConstraint.h b/tclap/ValuesConstraint.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/ValuesConstraint.h
rename to tclap/ValuesConstraint.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/VersionVisitor.h b/tclap/VersionVisitor.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/VersionVisitor.h
rename to tclap/VersionVisitor.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/Visitor.h b/tclap/Visitor.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/Visitor.h
rename to tclap/Visitor.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/XorHandler.h b/tclap/XorHandler.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/XorHandler.h
rename to tclap/XorHandler.h
diff --git a/tclap/include/tclap/ZshCompletionOutput.h b/tclap/ZshCompletionOutput.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tclap/include/tclap/ZshCompletionOutput.h
rename to tclap/ZshCompletionOutput.h
diff --git a/tests/global_communication/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/global_communication/CMakeLists.txt
index 800e7d193dcb335d2ee8ae164ed38b947eaae313..04c3631e80ccaff842fd6629b12a868b2860098a 100644
--- a/tests/global_communication/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/global_communication/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ add_executable(global_communication.exe ${COMMUNICATION_SOURCES} ${HEADERS})
 set(TARGETS global_communication.exe)
 
 foreach(target ${TARGETS})
-    target_link_libraries(${target} LINK_PUBLIC cellalgo gtest)
+    target_link_libraries(${target} LINK_PUBLIC nestmc gtest)
 
     if(WITH_TBB)
         target_link_libraries(${target} LINK_PUBLIC ${TBB_LIBRARIES})
diff --git a/tests/performance/io/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/performance/io/CMakeLists.txt
index 5bfe045ebf782c298702bd107201c9c343a2a297..3fb961fcf2b0cc21a2f44d6d895e6c6d39b00cb6 100644
--- a/tests/performance/io/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/performance/io/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ set(DISK_IO_SOURCES
 
 add_executable(disk_io.exe ${DISK_IO_SOURCES} ${HEADERS})
 
-target_link_libraries(disk_io.exe LINK_PUBLIC cellalgo)
+target_link_libraries(disk_io.exe LINK_PUBLIC nestmc)
 
 if(WITH_TBB)
     target_link_libraries(disk_io.exe LINK_PUBLIC ${TBB_LIBRARIES})
diff --git a/tests/performance/io/disk_io.cpp b/tests/performance/io/disk_io.cpp
index 526263bf395a81eb36ed050b96cfe1923e04cd25..9d77318f36bde0bc1b3366d3f9d79dff0513c6e0 100644
--- a/tests/performance/io/disk_io.cpp
+++ b/tests/performance/io/disk_io.cpp
@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@
 #include <common_types.hpp>
 #include <communication/communicator.hpp>
 #include <communication/global_policy.hpp>
-#include <fvm_cell.hpp>
+#include <fvm_multicell.hpp>
 #include <io/exporter_spike_file.hpp>
 #include <profiling/profiler.hpp>
 
 using namespace nest::mc;
 
 using global_policy = communication::global_policy;
-using lowered_cell = fvm::fvm_cell<double, cell_local_size_type>;
+using lowered_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<multicore::backend>;
 using cell_group_type = cell_group<lowered_cell>;
 using time_type = typename cell_group_type::time_type;
 using spike_type = io::exporter_spike_file<time_type, global_policy>::spike_type;
diff --git a/tests/test_util.hpp b/tests/test_util.hpp
index 66ad982d641f90dc5cd9264bc1fe558d144c7600..1faf8ef3f216a37ea2683385ce1ff2de21d4cf12 100644
--- a/tests/test_util.hpp
+++ b/tests/test_util.hpp
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <json/json.hpp>
-#include <util.hpp>
 
 // helpful code for running tests
 // a bit messy: refactor when it gets heavier and obvious patterns emerge...
diff --git a/tests/unit/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/unit/CMakeLists.txt
index f72a08b14359305e3eab73b220f90fece310eb68..2dff23105bf24ae85cbca57d9db48b8f1220db03 100644
--- a/tests/unit/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/unit/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+set(TEST_CUDA_SOURCES
+    test_matrix.cu
+    test_vector.cu
+
+    # unit test driver
+    test.cpp
+)
+
 set(TEST_SOURCES
     # unit tests
     test_algorithms.cpp
@@ -8,7 +16,6 @@ set(TEST_SOURCES
     test_either.cpp
     test_event_queue.cpp
     test_filter.cpp
-    test_fvm.cpp
     test_fvm_multi.cpp
     test_cell_group.cpp
     test_lexcmp.cpp
@@ -34,26 +41,31 @@ set(TEST_SOURCES
     test_tree.cpp
     test_transform.cpp
     test_uninitialized.cpp
+    test_vector.cpp
 
     # unit test driver
     test.cpp
 )
 
 add_definitions("-DDATADIR=\"${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/data\"")
-add_executable(test.exe ${TEST_SOURCES})
 
 set(TARGETS test.exe)
 
-foreach(target ${TARGETS})
-    target_link_libraries(${target} LINK_PUBLIC cellalgo gtest)
+add_executable(test.exe ${TEST_SOURCES} ${HEADERS})
 
-    if(WITH_TBB)
-    target_link_libraries(${target} LINK_PUBLIC ${TBB_LIBRARIES})
-    endif()
+if(WITH_CUDA)
+    set(TARGETS ${TARGETS} test_cuda.exe)
+    cuda_add_executable(test_cuda.exe ${TEST_CUDA_SOURCES} ${HEADERS})
+    target_link_libraries(test_cuda.exe LINK_PUBLIC gpu)
+endif()
+
+foreach(target ${TARGETS})
+    target_link_libraries(${target} LINK_PUBLIC gtest nestmc)
+    target_link_libraries(${target} LINK_PUBLIC ${EXTERNAL_LIBRARIES})
 
     if(WITH_MPI)
-    target_link_libraries(${target} LINK_PUBLIC ${MPI_C_LIBRARIES})
-    set_property(TARGET ${target} APPEND_STRING PROPERTY LINK_FLAGS "${MPI_C_LINK_FLAGS}")
+        target_link_libraries(${target} LINK_PUBLIC ${MPI_C_LIBRARIES})
+        set_property(TARGET ${target} APPEND_STRING PROPERTY LINK_FLAGS "${MPI_C_LINK_FLAGS}")
     endif()
 
     set_target_properties(${target}
diff --git a/tests/unit/test.cpp b/tests/unit/test.cpp
index f2eab0931a0b4b2a5b17ed12ba6c2f3d1d09d27c..d0a2d43a8a08a211788768511e277b3e30d905cb 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include <numeric>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_algorithms.cpp b/tests/unit/test_algorithms.cpp
index 7c4f9a12a717cd9929fa7ec3de14157b9c88affb..3f0830a98650c450fcce348eccb6061703a47a3a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_algorithms.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_algorithms.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #include <random>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
-#include "algorithms.hpp"
+#include <algorithms.hpp>
 #include "../test_util.hpp"
-#include "util/debug.hpp"
+#include <util/debug.hpp>
+#include <util/meta.hpp>
 
 /// tests the sort implementation in threading
 /// is only parallel if TBB is being used
@@ -524,15 +525,30 @@ TEST(algorithms, branches)
     }
 }
 
+struct test_index_into {
+    template <typename R1, typename R2, typename R3>
+    bool operator() (const R1& sub, const R2& super, const R3& index) {
+        using value_type = typename R1::value_type;
+
+        if(sub.size()!=index.size()) return false;
+        auto index_it = index.begin();
+        for(auto i=0u; i<sub.size(); ++i, ++index_it) {
+            auto idx = *index_it;
+            if(idx>=value_type(super.size())) return false;
+            if(super[idx]!=sub[i]) return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+};
+
 TEST(algorithms, index_into)
 {
     using C = std::vector<int>;
+    using nest::mc::util::size;
 
     // by default index_into assumes that the inputs satisfy
     // quite a strong set of prerequisites
-    //
-    // TODO: test that the EXPECTS() catch bad inputs when DEBUG mode is enabled
-    //       put this in a seperate unit test
     auto tests = {
         std::make_pair(C{}, C{}),
         std::make_pair(C{100}, C{}),
@@ -545,21 +561,20 @@ TEST(algorithms, index_into)
         std::make_pair(C{0,1,3,4,6,7,10,11}, C{0,1,3,4,6,7,10,11})
     };
 
-    auto test_result = [] (const C& super, const C& sub, const C& index) {
-        if(sub.size()!=index.size()) return false;
-        for(auto i=0u; i<sub.size(); ++i) {
-            if(index[i]>=C::value_type(super.size())) return false;
-            if(super[index[i]]!=sub[i]) return false;
-        }
-        return true;
-    };
-
+    test_index_into tester;
     for(auto& t : tests) {
         EXPECT_TRUE(
-            test_result(
-                t.first, t.second,
-                nest::mc::algorithms::index_into(t.first, t.second)
-            )
+            tester(t.second, t.first, nest::mc::algorithms::index_into(t.second, t.first))
         );
     }
+
+    // test for arrays
+    int sub[] = {2, 3, 5, 9};
+    int sup[] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
+    auto idx = nest::mc::algorithms::index_into(sub, sup);
+    EXPECT_EQ(size(sub), size(idx));
+    auto it = idx.begin();
+    for (auto i: sub) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(i, *it++);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_cell.cpp b/tests/unit/test_cell.cpp
index eb28e42be495a425a7ff68256453c15e027929ab..143128fd43865df24daca89f9ea4a632e7181c7d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_cell.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_cell.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include "cell.hpp"
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_cell_group.cpp b/tests/unit/test_cell_group.cpp
index a18b9b881988dbadae86550c9649ca1c20146637..0e740f7a890adb5d7a5e1373a678f7c25d2b7c17 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_cell_group.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_cell_group.cpp
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include <cell_group.hpp>
 #include <common_types.hpp>
-#include <fvm_cell.hpp>
+#include <fvm_multicell.hpp>
 #include <util/rangeutil.hpp>
 
 #include "../test_common_cells.hpp"
 
+using fvm_cell =
+    nest::mc::fvm::fvm_multicell<nest::mc::multicore::backend>;
+
 nest::mc::cell make_cell() {
     using namespace nest::mc;
 
@@ -22,22 +25,21 @@ TEST(cell_group, test)
 {
     using namespace nest::mc;
 
-    using cell_group_type = cell_group<fvm::fvm_cell<double, cell_local_size_type>>;
+    using cell_group_type = cell_group<fvm_cell>;
     auto group = cell_group_type{0, util::singleton_view(make_cell())};
 
     group.advance(50, 0.01);
 
-    // a bit lame...
-    EXPECT_EQ(group.spikes().size(), 4u);
+    // the model is expected to generate 4 spikes as a result of the
+    // fixed stimulus over 50 ms
+    EXPECT_EQ(4u, group.spikes().size());
 }
 
 TEST(cell_group, sources)
 {
     using namespace nest::mc;
 
-    // TODO: extend to multi-cell cell groups when the time comes
-
-    using cell_group_type = cell_group<fvm::fvm_cell<double, cell_local_size_type>>;
+    using cell_group_type = cell_group<fvm_cell>;
 
     auto cell = make_cell();
     EXPECT_EQ(cell.detectors().size(), 1u);
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_compartments.cpp b/tests/unit/test_compartments.cpp
index 8701c2716f6fe40b44e0c2832a198bf1c8ca4f3b..c80c0195b7fc44aa59f75b7e9fb52cf4bc5c92e9 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_compartments.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_compartments.cpp
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include <string>
 
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include <algorithms.hpp>
 #include <compartment.hpp>
+
 #include <math.hpp>
-#include <util.hpp>
 #include <util/span.hpp>
 #include <util/transform.hpp>
 
@@ -23,22 +23,22 @@ TEST(compartments, compartment)
         nest::mc::compartment c(100, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2);
         EXPECT_EQ(c.index, 100u);
         EXPECT_EQ(c.length, 1.2);
-        EXPECT_EQ(left(c.radius), 2.1);
-        EXPECT_EQ(right(c.radius), 2.2);
+        EXPECT_EQ(c.radius.first, 2.1);
+        EXPECT_EQ(c.radius.second, 2.2);
 
         auto c2 = c;
         EXPECT_EQ(c2.index, 100u);
         EXPECT_EQ(c2.length, 1.2);
-        EXPECT_EQ(left(c2.radius), 2.1);
-        EXPECT_EQ(right(c2.radius), 2.2);
+        EXPECT_EQ(c2.radius.first, 2.1);
+        EXPECT_EQ(c2.radius.second, 2.2);
     }
 
     {
         nest::mc::compartment c{100, 1, 2, 3};
         EXPECT_EQ(c.index, 100u);
         EXPECT_EQ(c.length, 1.);
-        EXPECT_EQ(left(c.radius), 2.);
-        EXPECT_EQ(right(c.radius), 3.);
+        EXPECT_EQ(c.radius.first, 2.);
+        EXPECT_EQ(c.radius.second, 3.);
     }
 }
 
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ TEST(compartments, make_compartment_range)
     for (auto c : rng) {
         EXPECT_EQ(c.index, count);
         auto er = 1.0 + double(count)/10.;
-        EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(left(c.radius), er);
-        EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(right(c.radius), er+0.1);
+        EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(c.radius.first, er);
+        EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(c.radius.second, er+0.1);
         EXPECT_EQ(c.length, 1.0);
         ++count;
     }
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_counter.cpp b/tests/unit/test_counter.cpp
index 600d86ca171980ce6d17036d1d74936cafbd1ed0..3a2320ab98c9bc4f23443dfb68aecf118936991e 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_counter.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_counter.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include <iterator>
 #include <type_traits>
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_double_buffer.cpp b/tests/unit/test_double_buffer.cpp
index 1689cc2faac17331694c78830c22cd1ea57777fe..1fa04c1ebffb6c81ca276d1bcf91626919306d9b 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_double_buffer.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_double_buffer.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include <util/double_buffer.hpp>
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_either.cpp b/tests/unit/test_either.cpp
index 4d185d8bf5eea7c7f5d0e75395d6f7e6d0f46f53..f8a67da9b66571b0c1f8a33fffd429f47b9240c9 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_either.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_either.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 #include "util/either.hpp"
 
 // TODO: coverage!
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_event_queue.cpp b/tests/unit/test_event_queue.cpp
index f4e31b26715fa2aa3cb690720442cc68f2b18fe2..81b24752401d804a5534d8b55384c3784491e485 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_event_queue.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_event_queue.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include <vector>
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_fvm.cpp b/tests/unit/test_fvm.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 34318ea90e8fa3173e22f6c93501cc9757603dc3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/tests/unit/test_fvm.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-#include <fstream>
-
-#include "gtest.h"
-
-#include <common_types.hpp>
-#include <cell.hpp>
-#include <fvm_cell.hpp>
-#include <util/rangeutil.hpp>
-
-#include "../test_common_cells.hpp"
-#include "../test_util.hpp"
-
-TEST(fvm, cable)
-{
-    using namespace nest::mc;
-
-    nest::mc::cell cell = make_cell_ball_and_3stick();
-
-    using fvm_cell = fvm::fvm_cell<double, cell_lid_type>;
-
-    std::vector<fvm_cell::target_handle> targets;
-    std::vector<fvm_cell::detector_handle> detectors;
-    std::vector<fvm_cell::probe_handle> probes;
-
-    fvm_cell fvcell;
-    fvcell.initialize(util::singleton_view(cell), detectors, targets, probes);
-
-    auto& J = fvcell.jacobian();
-
-    // 1 (soma) + 3 (dendritic segments) × 4 compartments
-    EXPECT_EQ(cell.num_compartments(), 13u);
-
-    // assert that the matrix has one row for each compartment
-    EXPECT_EQ(J.size(), cell.num_compartments());
-
-    fvcell.setup_matrix(0.02);
-
-    // assert that the number of cv areas is the same as the matrix size
-    // i.e. both should equal the number of compartments
-    EXPECT_EQ(fvcell.cv_areas().size(), J.size());
-}
-
-TEST(fvm, init)
-{
-    using namespace nest::mc;
-
-    nest::mc::cell cell = make_cell_ball_and_stick();
-
-    const auto m = cell.model();
-    EXPECT_EQ(m.tree.num_segments(), 2u);
-
-    auto& soma_hh = cell.soma()->mechanism("hh");
-
-    soma_hh.set("gnabar", 0.12);
-    soma_hh.set("gkbar", 0.036);
-    soma_hh.set("gl", 0.0003);
-    soma_hh.set("el", -54.3);
-
-    // check that parameter values were set correctly
-    EXPECT_EQ(cell.soma()->mechanism("hh").get("gnabar").value, 0.12);
-    EXPECT_EQ(cell.soma()->mechanism("hh").get("gkbar").value, 0.036);
-    EXPECT_EQ(cell.soma()->mechanism("hh").get("gl").value, 0.0003);
-    EXPECT_EQ(cell.soma()->mechanism("hh").get("el").value, -54.3);
-
-    cell.segment(1)->set_compartments(10);
-
-    using fvm_cell = fvm::fvm_cell<double, cell_lid_type>;
-    std::vector<fvm_cell::target_handle> targets;
-    std::vector<fvm_cell::detector_handle> detectors;
-    std::vector<fvm_cell::probe_handle> probes;
-
-    fvm_cell fvcell;
-    fvcell.initialize(util::singleton_view(cell), detectors, targets, probes);
-
-    auto& J = fvcell.jacobian();
-    EXPECT_EQ(J.size(), 11u);
-
-    fvcell.setup_matrix(0.01);
-}
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_fvm_multi.cpp b/tests/unit/test_fvm_multi.cpp
index f6f0a0b27bf422f864e9739ccc7e6bcfc8390bb2..308081063214ad2d4f58859ebb96dbf9fffcc242 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_fvm_multi.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_fvm_multi.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include <fstream>
 
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include <common_types.hpp>
 #include <cell.hpp>
@@ -10,14 +10,15 @@
 #include "../test_util.hpp"
 #include "../test_common_cells.hpp"
 
+using fvm_cell =
+    nest::mc::fvm::fvm_multicell<nest::mc::multicore::backend>;
+
 TEST(fvm_multi, cable)
 {
     using namespace nest::mc;
 
     nest::mc::cell cell=make_cell_ball_and_3stick();
 
-    using fvm_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<double, cell_lid_type>;
-
     std::vector<fvm_cell::target_handle> targets;
     std::vector<fvm_cell::detector_handle> detectors;
     std::vector<fvm_cell::probe_handle> probes;
@@ -33,8 +34,6 @@ TEST(fvm_multi, cable)
     // assert that the matrix has one row for each compartment
     EXPECT_EQ(J.size(), cell.num_compartments());
 
-    fvcell.setup_matrix(0.02);
-
     // assert that the number of cv areas is the same as the matrix size
     // i.e. both should equal the number of compartments
     EXPECT_EQ(fvcell.cv_areas().size(), J.size());
@@ -64,7 +63,6 @@ TEST(fvm_multi, init)
 
     cell.segment(1)->set_compartments(10);
 
-    using fvm_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<double, cell_lid_type>;
     std::vector<fvm_cell::target_handle> targets;
     std::vector<fvm_cell::detector_handle> detectors;
     std::vector<fvm_cell::probe_handle> probes;
@@ -72,10 +70,36 @@ TEST(fvm_multi, init)
     fvm_cell fvcell;
     fvcell.initialize(util::singleton_view(cell), detectors, targets, probes);
 
+    // This is naughty: removing const from the matrix reference, but is needed
+    // to test the build_matrix() method below (which is only accessable
+    // through non-const interface).
+    //auto& J = const_cast<fvm_cell::matrix_type&>(fvcell.jacobian());
     auto& J = fvcell.jacobian();
     EXPECT_EQ(J.size(), 11u);
 
-    fvcell.setup_matrix(0.01);
+    // test that the matrix is initialized with sensible values
+    //J.build_matrix(0.01);
+    fvcell.advance(0.01);
+    auto test_nan = [](decltype(J.u()) v) {
+        for(auto val : v) if(val != val) return false;
+        return true;
+    };
+    EXPECT_TRUE(test_nan(J.u()(1, J.size())));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(test_nan(J.d()));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(test_nan(J.rhs()));
+
+    // test matrix diagonals for sign
+    auto is_pos = [](decltype(J.u()) v) {
+        for(auto val : v) if(val<=0.) return false;
+        return true;
+    };
+    auto is_neg = [](decltype(J.u()) v) {
+        for(auto val : v) if(val>=0.) return false;
+        return true;
+    };
+    EXPECT_TRUE(is_neg(J.u()(1, J.size())));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(is_pos(J.d()));
+
 }
 
 TEST(fvm_multi, multi_init)
@@ -101,7 +125,6 @@ TEST(fvm_multi, multi_init)
 
     cells[1].add_detector({0, 0}, 3.3);
 
-    using fvm_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<double, cell_lid_type>;
     std::vector<fvm_cell::target_handle> targets(4);
     std::vector<fvm_cell::detector_handle> detectors(1);
     std::vector<fvm_cell::probe_handle> probes;
@@ -137,8 +160,6 @@ TEST(fvm_multi, multi_init)
             EXPECT_EQ(mech->node_index()[0], 11u);
         }
     }
-
-    fvcell.setup_matrix(0.01);
 }
 
 // test that stimuli are added correctly
@@ -163,7 +184,6 @@ TEST(fvm_multi, stimulus)
     // compmnt   |   4  |    0
 
 
-    using fvm_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<double, cell_lid_type>;
     std::vector<fvm_cell::target_handle> targets;
     std::vector<fvm_cell::detector_handle> detectors;
     std::vector<fvm_cell::probe_handle> probes;
@@ -225,7 +245,6 @@ TEST(fvm_multi, mechanism_indexes)
     }
 
     // generate the lowered fvm cell
-    using fvm_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<double, cell_lid_type>;
     std::vector<fvm_cell::target_handle> targets;
     std::vector<fvm_cell::detector_handle> detectors;
     std::vector<fvm_cell::probe_handle> probes;
@@ -248,4 +267,24 @@ TEST(fvm_multi, mechanism_indexes)
             EXPECT_EQ(ni, pas_index);
         }
     }
+
+    // similarly, test that the different ion channels were assigned to the correct
+    // compartments. In this case, the passive channel has no ion species
+    // associated with it, while the hh channel has both pottassium and sodium
+    // channels. Hence, we expect sodium and potassium to be present in the same
+    // compartments as the hh mechanism.
+    {
+        auto ni = fvcell.ion_na().node_index();
+        std::vector<unsigned> na(ni.begin(), ni.end());
+        EXPECT_EQ(na, hh_index);
+    }
+    {
+        auto ni = fvcell.ion_k().node_index();
+        std::vector<unsigned> k(ni.begin(), ni.end());
+        EXPECT_EQ(k, hh_index);
+    }
+    {
+        // calcium channel should be empty
+        EXPECT_EQ(0u, fvcell.ion_ca().node_index().size());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_lexcmp.cpp b/tests/unit/test_lexcmp.cpp
index e2b5c476d7983f7726349953d15e34509aab031c..c37016272df8156faa704d7b424f2c5a38ea03d5 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_lexcmp.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_lexcmp.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include <util/lexcmp_def.hpp>
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_mask_stream.cpp b/tests/unit/test_mask_stream.cpp
index 8ca8089eab1f7486204ce0df70fb953000b301a0..a9b6bdd02c3d51a06dad59c0855e93eaaced7bd8 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_mask_stream.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_mask_stream.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include <sstream>
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_math.cpp b/tests/unit/test_math.cpp
index 5dff6c81e950d901012ffe4dcce995c02a3b5cd3..2bae462d10e2b2a797e6cd3eb0e7ffd52f5e0dac 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_math.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_math.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 #include <math.hpp>
 
 using namespace nest::mc::math;
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_matrix.cpp b/tests/unit/test_matrix.cpp
index f74b47985649101a5bd4c79c07a911ed65b85c8b..5f978786deb6b3be9817b895ab04f833dd331692 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_matrix.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_matrix.cpp
@@ -1,89 +1,46 @@
 #include <numeric>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
-#include "../src/math.hpp"
-#include "../src/matrix.hpp"
+#include <math.hpp>
+#include <matrix.hpp>
+#include <backends/fvm_multicore.hpp>
+#include <util/span.hpp>
+
+using matrix_type = nest::mc::matrix<nest::mc::multicore::backend>;
+using size_type = matrix_type::size_type;
 
 TEST(matrix, construct_from_parent_only)
 {
-    using matrix_type = nest::mc::matrix<double, int>;
-
-    // pass parent index as a std::vector by reference
-    // the input should not be moved from
-    {
-        std::vector<int> p = {0,0,1};
-        matrix_type m{p};
-        EXPECT_EQ(m.num_cells(), 1);
-        EXPECT_EQ(m.size(), 3u);
-        EXPECT_EQ(p.size(), 3u);
-
-        auto mp = m.p();
-        EXPECT_EQ(mp[0], 0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mp[1], 0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mp[2], 1);
-    }
-
-    // pass parent index as a std::vector by rvalue reference
-    // the input should not be moved from
-    {
-        std::vector<int> p = {0,0,1};
-        matrix_type m{std::move(p)};
-        EXPECT_EQ(m.num_cells(), 1);
-        EXPECT_EQ(m.size(), 3u);
-        EXPECT_EQ(p.size(), 3u);
-
-        auto mp = m.p();
-        EXPECT_EQ(mp[0], 0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mp[1], 0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mp[2], 1);
-    }
+    using nest::mc::util::make_span;
 
-    // pass parent index as a HostVector by reference
-    // expect that the input is not moved from
+    // pass parent index as a std::vector cast to host data
     {
-        memory::HostVector<int> p(3, 0);
-        std::iota(p.begin()+1, p.end(), 0);
-        matrix_type m{p};
-        EXPECT_EQ(m.num_cells(), 1);
+        std::vector<size_type> p = {0,0,1};
+        matrix_type m(p);
+        EXPECT_EQ(m.num_cells(), 1u);
         EXPECT_EQ(m.size(), 3u);
         EXPECT_EQ(p.size(), 3u);
 
         auto mp = m.p();
-        EXPECT_EQ(mp[0], 0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mp[1], 0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mp[2], 1);
-    }
-    // pass parent index as a HostVector by rvalue reference
-    // expect that the input is moved from
-    {
-        memory::HostVector<int> p(3, 0);
-        std::iota(p.begin()+1, p.end(), 0);
-        matrix_type m{std::move(p)};
-        EXPECT_EQ(m.num_cells(), 1);
-        EXPECT_EQ(m.size(), 3u);
-        EXPECT_EQ(p.size(), 0u); // 0 implies moved from
-
-        auto mp = m.p();
-        EXPECT_EQ(mp[0], 0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mp[1], 0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mp[2], 1);
+        EXPECT_EQ(mp[0], 0u);
+        EXPECT_EQ(mp[1], 0u);
+        EXPECT_EQ(mp[2], 1u);
     }
 }
 
-TEST(matrix, solve)
+TEST(matrix, solve_host)
 {
-    using matrix_type = nest::mc::matrix<double, int>;
+    using nest::mc::util::make_span;
+    using nest::mc::memory::fill;
 
     // trivial case : 1x1 matrix
     {
-        matrix_type m{std::vector<int>{0}};
-
-        m.d()(memory::all) =  2;
-        m.l()(memory::all) = -1;
-        m.u()(memory::all) = -1;
-        m.rhs()(memory::all) = 1;
+        matrix_type m(std::vector<size_type>{0});
+        fill(m.d(),  2);
+        fill(m.u(), -1);
+        fill(m.rhs(),1);
 
         m.solve();
 
@@ -91,31 +48,29 @@ TEST(matrix, solve)
     }
     // matrices in the range of 2x2 to 1000x1000
     {
-        using namespace nest::mc::math;
-        for(auto n : memory::Range(2,1001)) {
-            auto p = std::vector<int>(n);
+        using namespace nest::mc;
+        for(auto n : make_span(2u,1001u)) {
+            auto p = std::vector<size_type>(n);
             std::iota(p.begin()+1, p.end(), 0);
-            matrix_type m{p};
+            matrix_type m(p);
 
             EXPECT_EQ(m.size(), n);
-            EXPECT_EQ(m.num_cells(), 1);
+            EXPECT_EQ(m.num_cells(), 1u);
 
-            m.d()(memory::all) =  2;
-            m.l()(memory::all) = -1;
-            m.u()(memory::all) = -1;
-            m.rhs()(memory::all) = 1;
+            fill(m.d(),  2);
+            fill(m.u(), -1);
+            fill(m.rhs(),1);
 
             m.solve();
 
             auto x = m.rhs();
-            auto err = square(std::fabs(2.*x[0] - x[1] - 1.));
-            for(auto i : memory::Range(1,n-1)) {
-                err += square(std::fabs(2.*x[i] - x[i-1] - x[i+1] - 1.));
+            auto err = math::square(std::fabs(2.*x[0] - x[1] - 1.));
+            for(auto i : make_span(1,n-1)) {
+                err += math::square(std::fabs(2.*x[i] - x[i-1] - x[i+1] - 1.));
             }
-            err += square(std::fabs(2.*x[n-1] - x[n-2] - 1.));
+            err += math::square(std::fabs(2.*x[n-1] - x[n-2] - 1.));
 
             EXPECT_NEAR(0., std::sqrt(err), 1e-8);
         }
     }
 }
-
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_matrix.cu b/tests/unit/test_matrix.cu
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ca407f19357eeace3040eec633a9a74e8e6a33a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/test_matrix.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#include <numeric>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "../gtest.h"
+
+#include <math.hpp>
+#include <matrix.hpp>
+#include <backends/fvm_gpu.hpp>
+#include <memory/memory.hpp>
+#include <util/span.hpp>
+
+using matrix_type = nest::mc::matrix<nest::mc::gpu::backend>;
+using index_type = matrix_type::size_type;
+
+TEST(matrix, solve_gpu)
+{
+    using namespace nest::mc;
+
+    using nest::mc::util::make_span;
+
+    // trivial case : 1x1 matrix
+    {
+        matrix_type m({0});
+
+        memory::fill(m.d(),  2);
+        memory::fill(m.u(), -1);
+        memory::fill(m.rhs(),1);
+
+        m.solve();
+
+        auto rhs = memory::on_host(m.rhs());
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(rhs[0], 0.5);
+    }
+
+    // matrices in the range of 2x2 to 100x100
+    {
+        using namespace nest::mc;
+        for(auto n : make_span(2u,101u)) {
+            auto p = std::vector<index_type>(n);
+            std::iota(p.begin()+1, p.end(), 0);
+            matrix_type m{p};
+
+            EXPECT_EQ(m.size(), n);
+            EXPECT_EQ(m.num_cells(), 1u);
+
+            memory::fill(m.d(),  2);
+            memory::fill(m.u(), -1);
+            memory::fill(m.rhs(),1);
+
+            m.solve();
+
+            auto x = memory::on_host(m.rhs());
+            auto err = math::square(std::fabs(2.*x[0] - x[1] - 1.));
+            for(auto i : make_span(1,n-1)) {
+                err += math::square(std::fabs(2.*x[i] - x[i-1] - x[i+1] - 1.));
+            }
+            err += math::square(std::fabs(2.*x[n-1] - x[n-2] - 1.));
+
+            EXPECT_NEAR(0., std::sqrt(err), 1e-8);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_mechanisms.cpp b/tests/unit/test_mechanisms.cpp
index 377f683fa8ff0831b0cdff3f94be96710d966d0c..58e8a97419f481490bf63dee656128f5592ff62e 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_mechanisms.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_mechanisms.cpp
@@ -1,35 +1,32 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
-//#include "../src/mechanism_interface.hpp"
-#include "mechanism_catalogue.hpp"
-#include "matrix.hpp"
+#include <matrix.hpp>
+#include <backends/fvm_multicore.hpp>
 
 TEST(mechanisms, helpers) {
     using namespace nest::mc;
-    using catalogue = mechanisms::catalogue<double, int>;
+    using size_type = multicore::backend::size_type;
 
     // verify that the hh and pas channels are available
-    EXPECT_TRUE(catalogue::has("hh"));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(catalogue::has("pas"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(multicore::backend::has_mechanism("hh"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(multicore::backend::has_mechanism("pas"));
 
-    std::vector<int> parent_index = {0,0,1,2,3,4,0,6,7,8};
-    memory::HostVector<int> node_indices = std::vector<int>{0,6,7,8,9};
+    std::vector<size_type> parent_index = {0,0,1,2,3,4,0,6,7,8};
+    auto node_indices = std::vector<size_type>{0,6,7,8,9};
     auto n = node_indices.size();
 
-    //nest::mc::matrix<double, int> matrix(parent_index);
-    memory::HostVector<double> vec_i(n, 0.);
-    memory::HostVector<double> vec_v(n, 0.);
+    multicore::backend::array vec_i(n, 0.);
+    multicore::backend::array vec_v(n, 0.);
 
-    auto mech = catalogue::make("hh", vec_v, vec_i, node_indices);
+    auto mech = multicore::backend::make_mechanism(
+            "hh", memory::make_view(vec_v), memory::make_view(vec_i), node_indices);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(mech->name(), "hh");
     EXPECT_EQ(mech->size(), 5u);
-    //EXPECT_EQ(mech->matrix_, &matrix);
 
-    // check that an out_of_range exception is thrown if an invalid mechanism is
-    // requested
+    // check that an out_of_range exception is thrown if an invalid mechanism is requested
     ASSERT_THROW(
-        catalogue::make("dachshund", vec_v, vec_i, node_indices),
+        multicore::backend::make_mechanism("dachshund", vec_v, vec_i, node_indices),
         std::out_of_range
     );
                                    //0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_nop.cpp b/tests/unit/test_nop.cpp
index 0ee03db24fb4fccfba67dea587cc3ad83c2e3a30..3c83199e7ddc278e4a266b2b28db1feb9af08c65 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_nop.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_nop.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 #include "util/nop.hpp"
 
 using namespace nest::mc::util;
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_optional.cpp b/tests/unit/test_optional.cpp
index 4ada9ca81730e28aa612b2899e94eebbcfdb32aa..e7244f8db8474d2bb5bae3173dbcfe1fc36a83eb 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_optional.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_optional.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 #include "util/optional.hpp"
 #include "common.hpp"
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_parameters.cpp b/tests/unit/test_parameters.cpp
index a573e07cd9fce4581d2bd6b026e1499f94336d1d..19aaf0c20d7067c2fce414a94ee6595ffa771cc2 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_parameters.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_parameters.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include <fstream>
 
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 #include "../test_util.hpp"
 
 #include "../src/parameter_list.hpp"
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_partition.cpp b/tests/unit/test_partition.cpp
index edfb95d1021ea452c1701d9a84ef2341ed17e48f..13bae85165cad9b92cd60a9d05137107713664fa 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_partition.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_partition.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include <array>
 #include <forward_list>
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_path.cpp b/tests/unit/test_path.cpp
index 2fea6e5f5ab3256defa7e702da6cdec1d1c61a12..54530f73eccf926ab905082779cd64dea2f44424 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_path.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_path.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include <cstring>
 #include <sstream>
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_point.cpp b/tests/unit/test_point.cpp
index 27b5bf705ee2224f0dd1d12a18824d3b5d170b71..1f45e693a8182403f29510e66819df26fa23f55d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_point.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_point.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include "../src/point.hpp"
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_probe.cpp b/tests/unit/test_probe.cpp
index 1a2d7f151fe7b347d154c709ddf14ea61e9b114a..5c77a72cdaa88282a36c930d081f29ffd3115950 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_probe.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_probe.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include <common_types.hpp>
 #include <cell.hpp>
-#include <fvm_cell.hpp>
+#include <fvm_multicell.hpp>
 #include <util/rangeutil.hpp>
 
 TEST(probe, instantiation)
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ TEST(probe, instantiation)
     EXPECT_EQ(probeKind::membrane_current, probes[1].kind);
 }
 
-TEST(probe, fvm_cell)
+TEST(probe, fvm_multicell)
 {
     using namespace nest::mc;
 
@@ -57,12 +57,12 @@ TEST(probe, fvm_cell)
     i_clamp stim(0, 100, 0.3);
     bs.add_stimulus({1, 1}, stim);
 
-    using fvm_cell = fvm::fvm_cell<double, cell_lid_type>;
-    std::vector<fvm_cell::target_handle> targets;
-    std::vector<fvm_cell::detector_handle> detectors;
-    std::vector<fvm_cell::probe_handle> probes{3};
+    using fvm_multicell = fvm::fvm_multicell<nest::mc::multicore::backend>;
+    std::vector<fvm_multicell::target_handle> targets;
+    std::vector<fvm_multicell::detector_handle> detectors;
+    std::vector<fvm_multicell::probe_handle> probes{3};
 
-    fvm_cell lcell;
+    fvm_multicell lcell;
     lcell.initialize(util::singleton_view(bs), detectors, targets, probes);
 
     // Know from implementation that probe_handle.second
@@ -81,4 +81,3 @@ TEST(probe, fvm_cell)
     EXPECT_EQ(lcell.current()[probes[2].second], lcell.probe(probes[2]));
 }
 
-
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_range.cpp b/tests/unit/test_range.cpp
index 3e0141269c575a407a12cce1f8142d40c6e15bc4..cc73f2750905caaaff1489adb660b1b57dc5590a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_range.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_range.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <iterator>
@@ -367,6 +367,12 @@ TEST(range, sum_by) {
     EXPECT_EQ(10u, count);
 }
 
+TEST(range, is_sequence) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(nest::mc::util::is_sequence<std::vector<int>>::value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(nest::mc::util::is_sequence<std::string>::value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(nest::mc::util::is_sequence<int[8]>::value);
+}
+
 TEST(range, all_of_any_of) {
     // make a C string into a sentinel-terminated range
     auto cstr = [](const char* s) { return util::make_range(s, null_terminated); };
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_segment.cpp b/tests/unit/test_segment.cpp
index 490f0e5ece7b8956de830029bf1188c4f912b7c6..d2c52959020945e022f2606933133ea51b6be50f 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_segment.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_segment.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include "../src/segment.hpp"
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_span.cpp b/tests/unit/test_span.cpp
index edb55f7d65e7f0321add82de6e0879143050fede..50ee7f2208ad8f42f595a8b01a28464cdf4dc05e 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_span.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_span.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <iterator>
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_spike_store.cpp b/tests/unit/test_spike_store.cpp
index cf5e529005c33f944bfe7506d17ae4467c969501..362412e6def4060a395e109b3be97ef04f1e8d23 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_spike_store.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_spike_store.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include <threading/threading.hpp>
 #include <thread_private_spike_store.hpp>
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_spikes.cpp b/tests/unit/test_spikes.cpp
index 5546ebd30dd6021cf74d98618dd043ed0eea79ce..6f8a21dec5743f0c2aee1cb504b298be4c601f00 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_spikes.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_spikes.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include <spike.hpp>
 #include <spike_source.hpp>
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_stimulus.cpp b/tests/unit/test_stimulus.cpp
index 8fd9307b61a780ad93f430338f7d76c941e20bc0..a10ed776e08490e141157962d5cf87ebd6dc5ad8 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_stimulus.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_stimulus.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
-#include "../src/stimulus.hpp"
+#include <stimulus.hpp>
 
 TEST(stimulus, i_clamp)
 {
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_swcio.cpp b/tests/unit/test_swcio.cpp
index c927224ffaef7e6e9d026a53dd81377b061a24eb..99fd5750c09fd3aacd8eb59724ae6c81463e91df 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_swcio.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_swcio.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include "../src/cell.hpp"
 #include "../src/swcio.hpp"
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_synapses.cpp b/tests/unit/test_synapses.cpp
index 357a5a2a8a3f166476474a2c538a01f34d2f2853..50deb528ec5f6206b38fe9794beb181c9723cceb 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_synapses.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_synapses.cpp
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 #include "../test_util.hpp"
 
 #include <cell.hpp>
-#include <fvm_cell.hpp>
-#include <mechanisms/expsyn.hpp>
-#include <mechanisms/exp2syn.hpp>
+#include <backends/fvm_multicore.hpp>
+
+#include <mechanisms/multicore/expsyn.hpp>
+#include <mechanisms/multicore/exp2syn.hpp>
 
 // compares results with those generated by nrn/ball_and_stick.py
 TEST(synapses, add_to_cell)
@@ -13,9 +14,6 @@ TEST(synapses, add_to_cell)
 
     nest::mc::cell cell;
 
-    // setup global state for the mechanisms
-    // nest::mc::mechanisms::setup_mechanism_helpers();
-
     // Soma with diameter 12.6157 um and HH channel
     auto soma = cell.add_soma(12.6157/2.0);
     soma->add_mechanism(hh_parameters());
@@ -47,19 +45,20 @@ TEST(synapses, add_to_cell)
 TEST(synapses, expsyn_basic_state)
 {
     using namespace nest::mc;
+    using size_type = multicore::backend::size_type;
 
-    using synapse_type = mechanisms::expsyn::mechanism_expsyn<double, int>;
+    using synapse_type = mechanisms::expsyn::mechanism_expsyn<multicore::backend>;
     auto num_syn = 4;
 
-    synapse_type::index_type indexes(num_syn);
-    synapse_type::vector_type voltage(num_syn, -65.0);
-    synapse_type::vector_type current(num_syn,   1.0);
+    std::vector<size_type> indexes(num_syn);
+    synapse_type::array voltage(num_syn, -65.0);
+    synapse_type::array current(num_syn,   1.0);
     auto mech = mechanisms::make_mechanism<synapse_type>( voltage, current, indexes );
 
     auto ptr = dynamic_cast<synapse_type*>(mech.get());
 
     auto n = ptr->size();
-    using view = synapse_type::view_type;
+    using view = synapse_type::view;
 
     // parameters initialized to default values
     for(auto e : view(ptr->e, n)) {
@@ -99,18 +98,20 @@ TEST(synapses, exp2syn_basic_state)
 {
     using namespace nest::mc;
 
-    using synapse_type = mechanisms::exp2syn::mechanism_exp2syn<double, int>;
+    using synapse_type = mechanisms::exp2syn::mechanism_exp2syn<multicore::backend>;
     auto num_syn = 4;
 
-    synapse_type::index_type indexes(num_syn);
-    synapse_type::vector_type voltage(num_syn, -65.0);
-    synapse_type::vector_type current(num_syn,   1.0);
+    using size_type = multicore::backend::size_type;
+
+    std::vector<size_type> indexes(num_syn);
+    synapse_type::array voltage(num_syn, -65.0);
+    synapse_type::array current(num_syn,   1.0);
     auto mech = mechanisms::make_mechanism<synapse_type>( voltage, current, indexes );
 
     auto ptr = dynamic_cast<synapse_type*>(mech.get());
 
     auto n = ptr->size();
-    using view = synapse_type::view_type;
+    using view = synapse_type::view;
 
     // parameters initialized to default values
     for(auto e : view(ptr->e, n)) {
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_transform.cpp b/tests/unit/test_transform.cpp
index 9212293fbf7a59674eb81f3ccac1638b1df04077..e6f49a79045ea3dc655680d0f6c01121c5faf2fa 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_transform.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_transform.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include <cctype>
 #include <forward_list>
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_tree.cpp b/tests/unit/test_tree.cpp
index 4a5be5671c5472a5328e2a18134669560f3496c3..610a2cab90f350093bf8b0e3c658fdc4141cb13d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_tree.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_tree.cpp
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 #include <numeric>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
-#include "../src/cell_tree.hpp"
+#include <cell_tree.hpp>
+#include <util/debug.hpp>
 
 // Path to data directory can be overriden at compile time.
 #if !defined(DATADIR)
@@ -14,7 +15,6 @@
 #endif
 
 using json = nlohmann::json;
-using range = memory::Range;
 
 using namespace nest::mc;
 using int_type = cell_tree::int_type;
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ TEST(cell_tree, json_load)
     path += "/cells_small.json";
     std::ifstream(path) >> cell_data;
 
-    for(auto c : range(0,cell_data.size())) {
+    for(auto c : util::make_span(0,cell_data.size())) {
         std::vector<int_type> parent_index = cell_data[c]["parent_index"];
         cell_tree tree(parent_index);
         //tree.to_graphviz("cell" + std::to_string(c) + ".dot");
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_uninitialized.cpp b/tests/unit/test_uninitialized.cpp
index 718eaface74da5e7ac27812bc6292a64b538af2d..182bf636413800cb06a0734bf0bb30c1ecd104fd 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_uninitialized.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/test_uninitialized.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include "util/uninitialized.hpp"
 #include "common.hpp"
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_vector.cpp b/tests/unit/test_vector.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8eaa1280e459187a2018171aebcb61fc26b70c62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/test_vector.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#include "../gtest.h"
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <memory/memory.hpp>
+#include <util/span.hpp>
+
+//
+//  wrappers
+//
+
+using namespace nest::mc;
+
+// test that memory::make_view and make_const_view work on std::vector
+TEST(vector, make_view_stdvector) {
+    // test that we can make views of std::vector
+    std::vector<int> stdvec(10);
+    auto view = memory::make_view(stdvec);
+    EXPECT_EQ(view.size(), stdvec.size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(view.data(), stdvec.data());
+    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<int*, decltype(view.data())>::value));
+
+    auto const_view = memory::make_const_view(stdvec);
+    EXPECT_EQ(const_view.size(), stdvec.size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(const_view.data(), stdvec.data());
+    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<const int*, decltype(const_view.data())>::value));
+}
+
+// test that memory::on_host makes a view of std::vector
+TEST(vector, make_host_stdvector) {
+    std::vector<int> stdvec(10);
+    auto host_vec = memory::on_host(stdvec);
+    using target_type = std::decay<decltype(host_vec)>::type;
+    EXPECT_EQ(host_vec.size(), stdvec.size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(host_vec.data(), stdvec.data());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(memory::util::is_on_host<target_type>());
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<int, target_type::value_type>::value));
+}
+
+// test that memory::on_host makes a view of host_vector and host view
+TEST(vector, make_host_hostvector) {
+    memory::host_vector<int> vec(10);
+    {   // test from host_vector
+        auto host_view = memory::on_host(vec);
+        using target_type = std::decay<decltype(host_view)>::type;
+        EXPECT_EQ(host_view.size(), vec.size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(host_view.data(), vec.data());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(memory::util::is_on_host<target_type>());
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<int, target_type::value_type>::value));
+    }
+    {   // test from view
+        auto view = memory::make_view(vec);
+        auto host_view = memory::on_host(view);
+        using target_type = std::decay<decltype(host_view)>::type;
+        EXPECT_EQ(host_view.size(), view.size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(host_view.data(), view.data());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(memory::util::is_on_host<target_type>());
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<int, target_type::value_type>::value));
+    }
+}
+
+//
+//  fill
+//
+
+// test filling of memory with values on the host
+TEST(vector, fill_host) {
+    constexpr auto N = 10u;
+
+    using util::make_span;
+    // fill a std::vector
+    for (auto n : make_span(0u, N)) {
+        std::vector<int> v(n, 0);
+        memory::fill(v, 42);
+
+        for (auto i: make_span(0u, n)) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(v[i], 42);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fill an array
+    for (auto n : make_span(0u, N)) {
+        double value = (n+1)/2.;
+        memory::host_vector<double> v(n);
+        memory::fill(v, value);
+
+        for (auto i: make_span(0u, n)) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(v[i], value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fill an array view
+    std::vector<float> ubervec(N);
+    for (auto n : make_span(0u, N)) {
+        float value = float((n+1)/2.f);
+        using view_type = memory::host_vector<float>::view_type;
+        // make a view of a sub-range of the std::vector ubervec
+        auto v = view_type(ubervec.data(), n);
+        memory::fill(v, value);
+
+        for (auto i: make_span(0u, n)) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(v[i], value);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+//
+//  copy
+//
+
+TEST(vector, copy_h2h) {
+    constexpr auto N = 10u;
+
+    using util::make_span;
+
+    for (auto n : make_span(0u, N)) {
+        double value = (n+1)/2.;
+        std::vector<double> src(n, value);
+        std::vector<double> tgt(n, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+
+        memory::copy(src, tgt);
+
+        for (auto i: make_span(0u, n)) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(tgt[i], value);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_vector.cu b/tests/unit/test_vector.cu
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0eb6b5ccb46b6c2d7fdd7308e8de8a9dcfd4fc61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/test_vector.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#include "../gtest.h"
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <memory/memory.hpp>
+#include <util/span.hpp>
+
+//
+//  wrappers
+//
+
+using namespace nest::mc;
+
+// test that memory::on_gpu copies std::vector into a device vector
+TEST(vector, make_gpu_stdvector) {
+    std::vector<int> stdvec(10);
+    auto gpu_vec = memory::on_gpu(stdvec);
+    using target_type = std::decay<decltype(gpu_vec)>::type;
+    EXPECT_EQ(gpu_vec.size(), stdvec.size());
+    EXPECT_NE(gpu_vec.data(), stdvec.data());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(memory::util::is_on_gpu<target_type>());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(memory::util::is_on_host<target_type>());
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<int, target_type::value_type>::value));
+}
+
+// test that memory::on_host copies a device vector into a host vector
+TEST(vector, make_host_devicevector) {
+    memory::device_vector<int> dvec(10);
+    auto host_vec = memory::on_host(dvec);
+    using target_type = std::decay<decltype(host_vec)>::type;
+    EXPECT_EQ(host_vec.size(), dvec.size());
+    EXPECT_NE(host_vec.data(), dvec.data());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(memory::util::is_on_host<target_type>());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(memory::util::is_on_gpu<target_type>());
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<int, target_type::value_type>::value));
+}
+
+// test that memory::on_gpu correctly makes a view of a device vector
+/*
+TEST(vector, make_gpu_devicevector) {
+    memory::device_vector<int> dvec(10);
+    auto view = memory::on_gpu(dvec);
+    using target_type = std::decay<decltype(view)>::type;
+    EXPECT_EQ(view.size(), dvec.size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(view.data(), dvec.data());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(memory::util::is_on_gpu<target_type>());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(memory::util::is_on_host<target_type>());
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<int, target_type::value_type>::value));
+}
+*/
+
+//
+//  fill
+//
+
+// test filling of memory with values on the gpu
+TEST(vector, fill_gpu) {
+    constexpr auto N = 10u;
+
+    using util::make_span;
+    // fill an array
+    for (auto n : make_span(0u, N)) {
+        double value = (n+1)/2.;
+        memory::device_vector<double> v(n);
+        memory::fill(v, value);
+
+        for (auto i: make_span(0u, n)) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(value, double(v[i]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fill an array view
+    /*
+    memory::device_vector<float> ubervec(N);
+    for (auto n : make_span(0u, N)) {
+        float value = float((n+1)/2.f);
+        // make a view of a sub-range of the std::vector ubervec
+        auto v = ubervec(0, n);
+        memory::fill(v, value);
+
+        for (auto i: make_span(0u, n)) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(float(v[i]), value);
+        }
+    }
+    */
+}
+
+//
+//  copy
+//
+
+TEST(vector, copy_h2d) {
+    constexpr auto N = 10u;
+
+    using util::make_span;
+
+    for (auto n : make_span(0u, N)) {
+        double value = (n+1)/2.;
+        std::vector<double> src(n, value);
+        memory::device_vector<double> tgt(n);
+        memory::fill(tgt, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+
+        memory::copy(src, tgt);
+
+        for (auto i: make_span(0u, n)) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(double(tgt[i]), value);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(vector, copy_d2h) {
+    constexpr auto N = 20u;
+
+    using util::make_span;
+
+    for (auto n : make_span(0u, N)) {
+        double value = (n+1)/2.;
+        memory::device_vector<double> src(n);
+        std::vector<double> tgt(n, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+        memory::fill(src, value);
+
+        memory::copy(src, tgt);
+
+        for (auto i: make_span(0u, n)) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(double(tgt[i]), value);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(vector, copy_d2d) {
+    constexpr auto N = 20u;
+
+    using util::make_span;
+
+    for (auto n : make_span(0u, N)) {
+        double value = (n+1)/2.;
+        memory::device_vector<double> src(n);
+        memory::device_vector<double> tgt(n);
+        memory::fill(src, value);
+        memory::fill(tgt, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+
+        memory::copy(src, tgt);
+
+        for (auto i: make_span(0u, n)) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(double(tgt[i]), value);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/validation/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/validation/CMakeLists.txt
index bbc03f1d5a73f5a9f3acfe55e57f6515d216b997..a5d217b27a0e54e85d1cc744a810bfdc629a3fd4 100644
--- a/tests/validation/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/validation/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -21,12 +21,20 @@ add_executable(validate.exe ${VALIDATION_SOURCES} ${HEADERS})
 set(TARGETS validate.exe)
 
 foreach(target ${TARGETS})
-    target_link_libraries(${target} LINK_PUBLIC cellalgo gtest)
+    target_link_libraries(${target} LINK_PUBLIC nestmc gtest)
 
     if(WITH_TBB)
         target_link_libraries(${target} LINK_PUBLIC ${TBB_LIBRARIES})
     endif()
 
+    if(WITH_CUDA)
+        target_link_libraries(${target} LINK_PUBLIC ${CUDA_LIBRARIES})
+    endif()
+
+    if(WITH_UNWIND)
+        target_link_libraries(${target} LINK_PUBLIC ${UNWIND_LIBRARIES})
+    endif()
+
     if(WITH_MPI)
         target_link_libraries(${target} LINK_PUBLIC ${MPI_C_LIBRARIES})
         set_property(TARGET ${target} APPEND_STRING PROPERTY LINK_FLAGS "${MPI_C_LINK_FLAGS}")
diff --git a/tests/validation/validate_ball_and_stick.cpp b/tests/validation/validate_ball_and_stick.cpp
index 788b78745bb949b79b64e86ac2bd00b924d63f64..01c9bbaaf2d500444e117f4940a17b6f2bcc912c 100644
--- a/tests/validation/validate_ball_and_stick.cpp
+++ b/tests/validation/validate_ball_and_stick.cpp
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 #include <simple_sampler.hpp>
 #include <util/path.hpp>
 
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include "../test_common_cells.hpp"
 #include "convergence_test.hpp"
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ void run_ncomp_convergence_test(
 }
 
 TEST(ball_and_taper, neuron_ref) {
-    using lowered_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<double, cell_local_size_type>;
+    using lowered_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<multicore::backend>;
 
     cell c = make_cell_ball_and_stick();
     add_common_voltage_probes(c);
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ TEST(ball_and_taper, neuron_ref) {
 }
 
 TEST(ball_and_3stick, neuron_ref) {
-    using lowered_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<double, cell_local_size_type>;
+    using lowered_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<multicore::backend>;
 
     cell c = make_cell_ball_and_3stick();
     add_common_voltage_probes(c);
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ TEST(ball_and_3stick, neuron_ref) {
 }
 
 TEST(rallpack1, numeric_ref) {
-    using lowered_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<double, cell_local_size_type>;
+    using lowered_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<multicore::backend>;
 
     cell c = make_cell_simple_cable();
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ TEST(rallpack1, numeric_ref) {
 }
 
 TEST(ball_and_squiggle, neuron_ref) {
-    using lowered_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<double, cell_local_size_type>;
+    using lowered_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<multicore::backend>;
 
     cell c = make_cell_ball_and_squiggle();
     add_common_voltage_probes(c);
diff --git a/tests/validation/validate_soma.cpp b/tests/validation/validate_soma.cpp
index 4f619a9fd7cc88e1e7e7e0291f3de48da84dd9d6..f7dcf4dc8b5e74d7fce3b331ffa7ad7878cdcf95 100644
--- a/tests/validation/validate_soma.cpp
+++ b/tests/validation/validate_soma.cpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #include <simple_sampler.hpp>
 #include <util/rangeutil.hpp>
 
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include "../test_common_cells.hpp"
 #include "convergence_test.hpp"
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 using namespace nest::mc;
 
 TEST(soma, numeric_ref) {
-    using lowered_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<double, cell_local_size_type>;
+    using lowered_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<multicore::backend>;
 
     cell c = make_cell_soma_only();
     add_common_voltage_probes(c);
diff --git a/tests/validation/validate_synapses.cpp b/tests/validation/validate_synapses.cpp
index 11b050e23564c709bb8150e224cbc9e12ebd4dcb..e90fd494d03420edbff7e58b9e71a5253be740f5 100644
--- a/tests/validation/validate_synapses.cpp
+++ b/tests/validation/validate_synapses.cpp
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 #include <json/json.hpp>
 
 #include <cell.hpp>
+#include <cell_group.hpp>
 #include <fvm_multicell.hpp>
 #include <model.hpp>
 #include <recipe.hpp>
 #include <simple_sampler.hpp>
 #include <util/path.hpp>
 
-#include "gtest.h"
+#include "../gtest.h"
 
 #include "../test_common_cells.hpp"
 #include "convergence_test.hpp"
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ void run_synapse_test(
     float t_end=70.f,
     float dt=0.001)
 {
-    using lowered_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<double, cell_local_size_type>;
+    using lowered_cell = fvm::fvm_multicell<multicore::backend>;
 
     auto max_ncomp = g_trace_io.max_ncomp();
     nlohmann::json meta = {
diff --git a/vector/.gitignore b/vector/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index 78f5a3eec8731889239fcdd2271ac9a9bc74890b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-# Compiled Object files
-*.slo
-*.lo
-*.o
-*.obj
-
-# netbeans
-nbproject
-
-# youcompleteme
-.ycm_extra_conf.pyc
-compile_commands.json
-
-# executable names used in this project
-*.exe
-*.cuda
-
-# backup files
-*.back
-
-# vim temporary files
-*.swp
-*.swn
-*.swo
-
-# Compiled Dynamic libraries
-*.so
-*.dylib
-*.dll
-
-# Compiled Static libraries
-*.lai
-*.la
-*.a
-*.lib
-
-# Executables
-*.knl
-*.exe
-*.out
-*.app
-
-# CMake temp files
-CMakeCache.txt
-CMakeFiles
-Makefile
-cmake_install.cmake
-install_manifest.txt
-
-stream.intel
-stream.gnu
-stream.mpi
-stream.omp
-*.optrpt
diff --git a/vector/.ycm_extra_conf.py b/vector/.ycm_extra_conf.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5ffd18bbd54d442b573804ede5409cd3cf6b44f5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/.ycm_extra_conf.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
-# This file is NOT licensed under the GPLv3, which is the license for the rest
-# of YouCompleteMe.
-#
-# Here's the license text for this file:
-#
-# This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
-#
-# Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
-# distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
-# binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
-# means.
-#
-# In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
-# of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
-# software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
-# of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
-# successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
-# relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
-# software under copyright law.
-#
-# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
-# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
-# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
-# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
-# OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
-# ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
-# OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
-#
-# For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>
- 
-import os
-import ycm_core
- 
-# These are the compilation flags that will be used in case there's no
-# compilation database set (by default, one is not set).
-# CHANGE THIS LIST OF FLAGS. YES, THIS IS THE DROID YOU HAVE BEEN LOOKING FOR.
-flags = [
-    '-DNDEBUG',
-    '-std=c++11',
-    '-x',
-    'c++',
-    '-I',
-    '.',
-    '-I',
-    'include',
-]
- 
- 
-# Set this to the absolute path to the folder (NOT the file!) containing the
-# compile_commands.json file to use that instead of 'flags'. See here for
-# more details: http://clang.llvm.org/docs/JSONCompilationDatabase.html
-#
-# Most projects will NOT need to set this to anything; you can just change the
-# 'flags' list of compilation flags. Notice that YCM itself uses that approach.
-compilation_database_folder = ''
- 
-if os.path.exists( compilation_database_folder ):
-  database = ycm_core.CompilationDatabase( compilation_database_folder )
-else:
-  database = None
- 
-SOURCE_EXTENSIONS = [ '.cpp', '.cxx', '.cc', '.c', '.m', '.mm' ]
- 
-def DirectoryOfThisScript():
-  return os.path.dirname( os.path.abspath( __file__ ) )
- 
- 
-def MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute( flags, working_directory ):
-  if not working_directory:
-    return list( flags )
-  new_flags = []
-  make_next_absolute = False
-  path_flags = [ '-isystem', '-I', '-iquote', '--sysroot=' ]
-  for flag in flags:
-    new_flag = flag
- 
-    if make_next_absolute:
-      make_next_absolute = False
-      if not flag.startswith( '/' ):
-        new_flag = os.path.join( working_directory, flag )
- 
-    for path_flag in path_flags:
-      if flag == path_flag:
-        make_next_absolute = True
-        break
- 
-      if flag.startswith( path_flag ):
-        path = flag[ len( path_flag ): ]
-        new_flag = path_flag + os.path.join( working_directory, path )
-        break
- 
-    if new_flag:
-      new_flags.append( new_flag )
-  return new_flags
- 
- 
-def IsHeaderFile( filename ):
-  extension = os.path.splitext( filename )[ 1 ]
-  return extension in [ '.h', '.hxx', '.hpp', '.hh' ]
- 
- 
-def GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename ):
-  # The compilation_commands.json file generated by CMake does not have entries
-  # for header files. So we do our best by asking the db for flags for a
-  # corresponding source file, if any. If one exists, the flags for that file
-  # should be good enough.
-  if IsHeaderFile( filename ):
-    basename = os.path.splitext( filename )[ 0 ]
-    for extension in SOURCE_EXTENSIONS:
-      replacement_file = basename + extension
-      if os.path.exists( replacement_file ):
-        compilation_info = database.GetCompilationInfoForFile(
-          replacement_file )
-        if compilation_info.compiler_flags_:
-          return compilation_info
-    return None
-  return database.GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename )
- 
- 
-def FlagsForFile( filename, **kwargs ):
-  if database:
-    # Bear in mind that compilation_info.compiler_flags_ does NOT return a
-    # python list, but a "list-like" StringVec object
-    compilation_info = GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename )
-    if not compilation_info:
-      return None
- 
-    final_flags = MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute(
-      compilation_info.compiler_flags_,
-      compilation_info.compiler_working_dir_ )
- 
-    # NOTE: This is just for YouCompleteMe; it's highly likely that your project
-    # does NOT need to remove the stdlib flag. DO NOT USE THIS IN YOUR
-    # ycm_extra_conf IF YOU'RE NOT 100% SURE YOU NEED IT.
-    try:
-      final_flags.remove( '-stdlib=libc++' )
-    except ValueError:
-      pass
-  else:
-    relative_to = DirectoryOfThisScript()
-    final_flags = MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute( flags, relative_to )
- 
-  return {
-    'flags': final_flags,
-    'do_cache': True
-  }
diff --git a/vector/CMakeLists.txt b/vector/CMakeLists.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 0d6bab241da8a926f8caf32e28ccf806e6764fd5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/CMakeLists.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-set(CUDA_PROPOGATE_HOST_FLAGS OFF)
-
-cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 2.8)
-project (vector)
-set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS "YES")
-include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
-
-set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11 -pthread")
-
-set(CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_LINK_C_FLAGS)
-
-set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib)
-set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib)
-
-# KNL
-set( KNL_BACKEND "OFF" CACHE BOOL "Support KNL HBM memory" )
-if( KNL_BACKEND )
-    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -DWITH_KNL")
-endif()
-
-# verbose build
-set( VERBOSE "OFF" CACHE BOOL "Verbose tracing for debuggin" )
-if( VERBOSE )
-    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -DVERBOSE")
-endif()
-
-set( COLOR_PRINTING "OFF" CACHE BOOL "Use color text output" )
-if( COLOR_PRINTING )
-    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -DCOLOR_PRINTING")
-endif()
-
-# so that std=c++11 won't cause strange warnings when passed via -Xcompiler
-
-# CUDA
-set( CUDA_BACKEND "OFF" CACHE BOOL "Compile CUDA version" )
-if( CUDA_BACKEND )
-    # so that std=c++11 won't cause strange warnings when passed via -Xcompiler
-    set(CUDA_PROPOGATE_HOST_FLAGS OFF)
-
-    # need CUDA 6.5 or greater for C++11 support
-    find_package( CUDA 6.5 )
-
-    # set the flags to pass to nvcc
-    set(CUDA_NVCC_FLAGS -arch=sm_35; -std=c++11)
-    add_definitions(-DWITH_CUDA)
-    include_directories(${CUDA_INCLUDE_DIRS})
-
-    set(CMAKE_CXX_LINK_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_LINK_FLAGS} $ENV{CRAY_CUDATOOLKIT_POST_LINK_OPTS} -lcudart")
-endif()
-
-add_subdirectory(./src)
-add_subdirectory(./tests)
-
diff --git a/vector/examples/makefile b/vector/examples/makefile
deleted file mode 100644
index 7101f59702a8a7425ee7bbc9c63115b78a84565d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/examples/makefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-FLAGS=-std=c++11 -O3
-
-ifeq ($(PE_ENV),GNU)
-	FLAGS+=-fopenmp
-	CC=g++
-endif
-ifeq ($(PE_ENV),INTEL)
-	FLAGS+=-openmp
-	CC=icpc
-endif
-
-FLAGS+=-march=core-avx2
-#FLAGS+=-mavx
-
-all : stream.omp stream.mpi
-
-stream.omp : stream_omp.cpp
-	$(CC) ${FLAGS} -I ../include stream_omp.cpp -o stream.omp
-
-stream.mpi : stream_omp.cpp
-	CC ${FLAGS} -I ../include stream_mpi.cpp -o stream.mpi
-
-clean :
-	rm -rf stream.omp stream.mpi
diff --git a/vector/examples/makefile.cray b/vector/examples/makefile.cray
deleted file mode 100644
index ad39d8cd5139a7396ab901c5a9ee6534d9061949..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/examples/makefile.cray
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-FLAGS=-std=c++11 -O3
-
-ifeq ($(PE_ENV),GNU)
-	FLAGS+=-fopenmp
-	CC=g++
-endif
-ifeq ($(PE_ENV),INTEL)
-	FLAGS+=-openmp
-	CC=icpc
-endif
-
-all : stream.omp stream.mpi
-
-stream.omp : stream_omp.cpp
-	$(CC) ${FLAGS} -I ../include stream_omp.cpp -o stream.omp
-
-stream.mpi : stream_omp.cpp
-	CC ${FLAGS} -I ../include stream_mpi.cpp -o stream.mpi
-
-clean :
-	rm -rf stream.omp stream.mpi
diff --git a/vector/examples/stream_mpi.cpp b/vector/examples/stream_mpi.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 7f14b65bb1431b2f24959ccfd201e425ae08d35b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/examples/stream_mpi.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-#include <chrono>
-#include <iostream>
-
-#include <mpi.h>
-
-#include <Vector.hpp>
-
-using value_type = double;
-using size_type  = std::size_t;
-
-using clock_type    = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock;
-using duration_type = std::chrono::duration<double>;
-
-// let's use 256-bit byte alignment
-// aka. the alignment of an AVX register
-constexpr std::size_t alignment() { return 256/8; }
-
-using namespace memory;
-template <typename T>
-using vector
-    = Array<T, HostCoordinator<T, Allocator<T, impl::AlignedPolicy<alignment()>>>>;
-
-template <typename T>
-void triad(vector<T>      & a,
-           vector<T> const& b,
-           vector<T> const& c,
-           T scalar)
-{
-    auto const n = a.size();
-    #pragma ivdep
-    for(auto i=size_type{0}; i<n; ++i) {
-        a[i] = b[i] + scalar * c[i];
-    }
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-void scale(vector<T>      & a,
-           vector<T> const& b,
-           T scalar)
-{
-    auto const n = a.size();
-    #pragma ivdep
-    for(auto i=size_type{0}; i<n; ++i) {
-        a[i] = scalar * b[i];
-    }
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-void copy(vector<T>      & a,
-          vector<T> const& b)
-{
-    auto const n = a.size();
-    #pragma ivdep
-    for(auto i=size_type{0}; i<n; ++i) {
-        a[i] = b[i];
-    }
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-void   add(vector<T>      & a,
-           vector<T> const& b,
-           vector<T> const& c)
-{
-    auto const n = a.size();
-    #pragma ivdep
-    for(auto i=size_type{0}; i<n; ++i) {
-        a[i] = b[i] + c[i];
-    }
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-void init(vector<T> & a,
-          vector<T> & b,
-          vector<T> & c)
-{
-    auto const n = a.size();
-    #pragma ivdep
-    for(auto i=size_type{0}; i<n; ++i) {
-        a[i] = T{1};
-        b[i] = T{2};
-        c[i] = T{3};
-    }
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char **argv) {
-    size_type pow = 22;
-    if(argc>1) {
-        pow = std::stod(argv[1]);
-    }
-    auto const N = 3 * (size_type{1} << pow);
-    auto num_trials = 5;
-
-    int mpi_size, mpi_rank;
-    MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
-    MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &mpi_rank);
-    MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &mpi_size);
-
-    if(mpi_rank==0) {
-        std::cout << "------------------------------------" << std::endl;
-        std::cout << "arrays of length " << N << " == 3*2^" << pow << std::endl;
-        std::cout << "MPI ranks        " << mpi_size << std::endl;
-    }
-
-    auto n = N/mpi_size;
-
-    // create arrays
-    vector<value_type> a(n);
-    vector<value_type> b(n);
-    vector<value_type> c(n);
-
-    auto scalar = value_type{2};
-
-    // initialize and touch memory
-    init(a, b, c);
-
-    // do timed runs
-    auto triad_time = 0.;
-    auto copy_time  = 0.;
-    auto add_time  = 0.;
-    auto scale_time  = 0.;
-    for(auto i=0; i<num_trials; ++i) {
-        {
-            MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-            auto start = clock_type::now();
-            triad(a, b, c, scalar);
-            MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-            triad_time += duration_type(clock_type::now()-start).count();
-        }
-        {
-            MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-            auto start = clock_type::now();
-            copy(a, b);
-            MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-            copy_time += duration_type(clock_type::now()-start).count();
-        }
-        {
-            MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-            auto start = clock_type::now();
-            add(a, b, c);
-            MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-            add_time += duration_type(clock_type::now()-start).count();
-        }
-        {
-            MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-            auto start = clock_type::now();
-            scale(a, b, scalar);
-            MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-            scale_time += duration_type(clock_type::now()-start).count();
-        }
-    }
-
-    auto bytes_per_array = sizeof(value_type)*N*num_trials;
-    auto copy_BW   = 2 * bytes_per_array / copy_time;
-    auto scale_BW  = 2 * bytes_per_array / scale_time;
-    auto add_BW    = 3 * bytes_per_array / add_time;
-    auto triad_BW  = 3 * bytes_per_array / triad_time;
-
-    if(mpi_rank==0) {
-        std::cout << "triad " << triad_BW/1.e9 << " GB/s" << std::endl;
-        std::cout << "copy  " << copy_BW/1.e9  << " GB/s" << std::endl;
-        std::cout << "add   " << add_BW/1.e9   << " GB/s" << std::endl;
-        std::cout << "scale " << scale_BW/1.e9 << " GB/s" << std::endl;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
diff --git a/vector/examples/stream_omp.cpp b/vector/examples/stream_omp.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index a5272b1a7e26eb5283b6a5766e05b3a5d385aae0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/examples/stream_omp.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,170 +0,0 @@
-#include <chrono>
-#include <iostream>
-
-#include <omp.h>
-
-#include <Vector.hpp>
-
-using value_type = double;
-using size_type  = std::size_t;
-
-using clock_type    = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock;
-using duration_type = std::chrono::duration<double>;
-
-// let's use 256-bit byte alignment
-// aka. the alignment of an AVX register
-constexpr std::size_t alignment() { return 256/8; }
-
-using namespace memory;
-template <typename T>
-using vector
-    = Array<T, HostCoordinator<T, Allocator<T, impl::AlignedPolicy<alignment()>>>>;
-
-template <typename T>
-void triad(vector<T>      & a,
-           vector<T> const& b,
-           vector<T> const& c,
-           T scalar)
-{
-    auto const n = a.size();
-    #pragma ivdep
-    #pragma vector nontemporal
-    for(auto i=size_type{0}; i<n; ++i) {
-        a[i] = b[i] + scalar * c[i];
-    }
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-void scale(vector<T>      & a,
-           vector<T> const& b,
-           T scalar)
-{
-    auto const n = a.size();
-    #pragma ivdep
-    #pragma vector nontemporal
-    for(auto i=size_type{0}; i<n; ++i) {
-        a[i] = scalar * b[i];
-    }
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-void copy(vector<T>      & a,
-          vector<T> const& b)
-{
-    auto const n = a.size();
-    #pragma ivdep
-    #pragma vector nontemporal
-    for(auto i=size_type{0}; i<n; ++i) {
-        a[i] = b[i];
-    }
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-void   add(vector<T>      & a,
-           vector<T> const& b,
-           vector<T> const& c)
-{
-    auto const n = a.size();
-    #pragma ivdep
-    #pragma vector nontemporal
-    for(auto i=size_type{0}; i<n; ++i) {
-        a[i] = b[i] + c[i];
-    }
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-void init(vector<T> & a,
-          vector<T> & b,
-          vector<T> & c)
-{
-    auto const n = a.size();
-    #pragma ivdep
-    #pragma vector nontemporal
-    for(auto i=size_type{0}; i<n; ++i) {
-        a[i] = T{1};
-        b[i] = T{2};
-        c[i] = T{3};
-    }
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char **argv) {
-    size_type pow = 22;
-    if(argc>1) {
-        pow = std::stod(argv[1]);
-    }
-    auto const N = 3 * (size_type{1} << pow);
-    auto num_trials = 5;
-
-    std::cout << "------------------------------------" << std::endl;
-    std::cout << "arrays of length " << N << " == 3*2^" << pow << std::endl;
-    std::cout << "threads          " << omp_get_max_threads() << std::endl;
-
-    #pragma omp parallel
-    {
-        auto num_threads = omp_get_num_threads();
-        auto n = N/num_threads;
-
-        // create arrays
-        vector<value_type> a(n);
-        vector<value_type> b(n);
-        vector<value_type> c(n);
-
-        auto scalar = value_type{2};
-
-        // initialize and touch memory
-        init(a, b, c);
-
-        // do timed runs
-        auto triad_time = 0.;
-        auto copy_time  = 0.;
-        auto add_time  = 0.;
-        auto scale_time  = 0.;
-        for(auto i=0; i<num_trials; ++i) {
-            {
-                #pragma omp barrier
-                auto start = clock_type::now();
-                triad(a, b, c, scalar);
-                #pragma omp barrier
-                triad_time += duration_type(clock_type::now()-start).count();
-            }
-            {
-                #pragma omp barrier
-                auto start = clock_type::now();
-                copy(a, b);
-                #pragma omp barrier
-                copy_time += duration_type(clock_type::now()-start).count();
-            }
-            {
-                #pragma omp barrier
-                auto start = clock_type::now();
-                add(a, b, c);
-                #pragma omp barrier
-                add_time += duration_type(clock_type::now()-start).count();
-            }
-            {
-                #pragma omp barrier
-                auto start = clock_type::now();
-                scale(a, b, scalar);
-                #pragma omp barrier
-                scale_time += duration_type(clock_type::now()-start).count();
-            }
-        }
-
-        auto bytes_per_array = sizeof(value_type)*N*num_trials;
-        auto copy_BW   = 2 * bytes_per_array / copy_time;
-        auto scale_BW  = 2 * bytes_per_array / scale_time;
-        auto add_BW    = 3 * bytes_per_array / add_time;
-        auto triad_BW  = 3 * bytes_per_array / triad_time;
-
-        #pragma omp master
-        {
-            std::cout << "triad " << triad_BW/1.e9 << " GB/s" << std::endl;
-            std::cout << "copy  " << copy_BW/1.e9  << " GB/s" << std::endl;
-            std::cout << "add   " << add_BW/1.e9   << " GB/s" << std::endl;
-            std::cout << "scale " << scale_BW/1.e9 << " GB/s" << std::endl;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
diff --git a/vector/include/Array.hpp b/vector/include/Array.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index bbf05f842cd43c406c50853ea3009f789be6cbce..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/include/Array.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,234 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * File:   range_wrapper.h
- * Author: bcumming
- *
- * Created on May 3, 2014, 5:14 PM
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <iostream>
-#include <type_traits>
-
-#include "definitions.hpp"
-#include "util.hpp"
-#include "ArrayView.hpp"
-
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-namespace memory{
-
-// forward declarations
-template<typename T, typename Coord>
-class Array;
-
-namespace util {
-    template <typename T, typename Coord>
-    struct type_printer<Array<T,Coord>>{
-        static std::string print() {
-            std::stringstream str;
-#if VERBOSE > 1
-            str << util::white("Array") << "<" << type_printer<T>::print()
-                << ", " << type_printer<Coord>::print() << ">";
-#else
-            str << util::white("Array") << "<"
-                << type_printer<Coord>::print() << ">";
-#endif
-            return str.str();
-        }
-    };
-
-    template <typename T, typename Coord>
-    struct pretty_printer<Array<T,Coord>>{
-        static std::string print(const Array<T,Coord>& val) {
-            std::stringstream str;
-            str << type_printer<Array<T,Coord>>::print()
-                << "(size="     << val.size()
-                << ", pointer=" << val.data() << ")";
-            return str.str();
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-namespace impl {
-    // metafunctions for checking array types
-    template <typename T>
-    struct is_array_by_value : std::false_type {};
-
-    template <typename T, typename Coord>
-    struct is_array_by_value<Array<T, Coord> > : std::true_type {};
-
-    template <typename T>
-    struct is_array :
-        std::conditional<
-            impl::is_array_by_value  <typename std::decay<T>::type> ::value ||
-            impl::is_array_view      <typename std::decay<T>::type> ::value ||
-            impl::is_array_reference <typename std::decay<T>::type> ::value,
-            std::true_type, std::false_type
-        >::type
-    {};
-
-    template <typename T>
-    using is_array_t = typename is_array<T>::type;
-}
-
-using impl::is_array;
-
-// array by value
-// this wrapper owns the memory in the array
-// and is responsible for allocating and freeing memory
-template <typename T, typename Coord>
-class Array
-    : public ArrayView<T, Coord> {
-public:
-    using value_type = T;
-    using base       = ArrayView<value_type, Coord>;
-    using view_type  = ArrayView<value_type, Coord>;
-    using const_view_type  = ConstArrayView<value_type, Coord>;
-
-    using coordinator_type = typename Coord::template rebind<value_type>;
-
-    using size_type       = typename base::size_type;
-    using difference_type = typename base::difference_type;
-
-    using pointer       = value_type*;
-    using const_pointer = const pointer;
-    // TODO what about specialized references for things like GPU memory?
-    using reference       = value_type&;
-    using const_reference = value_type const&;
-
-    // default constructor
-    // we have to call constructor in ArrayView: pass base
-    Array() : base(nullptr, 0) {}
-
-    // constructor by size
-    template < typename I,
-               typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<I>::value>::type>
-    Array(I n)
-        : base(coordinator_type().allocate(n))
-    {
-        #ifdef VERBOSE
-        std::cerr << util::green("Array(integral_type) ")
-                  << util::pretty_printer<Array>::print(*this) << std::endl;
-        #endif
-    }
-
-    // constructor by size with default value
-    template < typename II,
-               typename TT,
-               typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<II>::value>::type,
-               typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<TT,value_type>::value>::type >
-    Array(II n, TT value)
-        : base(coordinator_type().allocate(n))
-    {
-        #ifdef VERBOSE
-        std::cerr << util::green("Array(integral_type, value=" + std::to_string(value) + ") ")
-                  << util::pretty_printer<Array>::print(*this) << std::endl;
-        #endif
-        coordinator_type().set(*this, value_type(value));
-    }
-
-    template <typename Other,
-              typename = typename
-                  std::enable_if<
-                                 impl::is_array_t<Other>::value
-                                >::type
-             >
-    Array(Other&& other)
-        : base(coordinator_type().allocate(other.size()))
-    {
-        coordinator_.copy(other, *this);
-    }
-
-    // construct as a copy of another range
-    Array(view_type const& other)
-        : base(coordinator_type().allocate(other.size()))
-    {
-#ifdef VERBOSE
-        std::cerr << util::green("Array(other&)") + " other = "
-                  << util::pretty_printer<view_type>::print(other) << std::endl;
-#endif
-        coordinator_.copy(static_cast<base const&>(other), *this);
-    }
-
-    Array(const Array& other)
-        : base(coordinator_type().allocate(other.size()))
-    {
-#ifdef VERBOSE
-        std::cerr << util::green("Array(other&)") + " other = "
-                  << util::pretty_printer<Array>::print(other) << std::endl;
-#endif
-        coordinator_.copy(static_cast<base const&>(other), *this);
-    }
-
-    Array(Array&& other) {
-#ifdef VERBOSE
-        std::cerr << util::green("Array(Array&&) ")
-                  << util::pretty_printer<Array>::print(other) << std::endl;
-#endif
-        base::swap(other);
-    }
-
-    /// copy from a std::vector
-    /// the value_type of the vector must be the same, because the coordinator
-    /// used to copy from the vector into the Array does not convert between types
-    template < typename Allocator >
-    Array(std::vector<value_type, Allocator> const& other)
-    : base(coordinator_type().allocate(other.size()))
-    {
-        coordinator_.copy(
-            const_view_type(other.data(), other.size()),
-            *this
-        );
-    }
-
-    Array& operator = (Array const& other) {
-#ifdef VERBOSE
-        std::cerr << util::green("Array operator=(other&)") + " other = "
-                  << util::pretty_printer<Array>::print(other) << std::endl;
-#endif
-        coordinator_.free(*this);
-        auto ptr = coordinator_type().allocate(other.size());
-        base::reset(ptr.data(), other.size());
-        coordinator_.copy(static_cast<base const&>(other), *this);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    Array& operator = (Array&& other) {
-#ifdef VERBOSE
-        std::cerr << util::pretty_printer<Array>::print(*this)
-                  << "::" << util::blue("operator=") << "(Array&&) other = "
-                  << util::pretty_printer<Array>::print(other) << std::endl;
-#endif
-        base::swap(other);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    // have to free the memory in a "by value" range
-    ~Array() {
-#ifdef VERBOSE
-        std::cerr << util::red("~") + util::green("Array()") + " "
-                  << util::pretty_printer<Array>::print(*this) << std::endl;
-#endif
-        coordinator_.free(*this);
-    }
-
-    // use the accessors provided by ArrayView
-    // this enforces the requirement that accessing all of or a sub-array of an
-    // Array should return a view, not a new array.
-    using base::operator();
-
-    const coordinator_type& coordinator() const {
-        return coordinator_;
-    }
-
-    using base::size;
-
-    using base::alignment;
-
-private:
-    coordinator_type coordinator_;
-};
-
-} // namespace memory
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
diff --git a/vector/include/ArrayView.hpp b/vector/include/ArrayView.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 07887e226712e6b95db447abb9a4c746bb92d284..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/include/ArrayView.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,814 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <iostream>
-#include <string>
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "definitions.hpp"
-#include "Range.hpp"
-#include "RangeLimits.hpp"
-
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-namespace memory{
-
-// forward declarations
-template<typename T, typename Coord>
-class Array;
-
-template <typename R, typename T, typename Coord>
-class ArrayViewImpl;
-
-template <typename T, typename Coord>
-class ArrayReference;
-
-template <typename R, typename T, typename Coord>
-class ConstArrayViewImpl;
-
-template <typename T, typename Coord>
-class ConstArrayReference;
-
-template <typename T, typename Coord>
-using ArrayView = ArrayViewImpl<ArrayReference<T, Coord>, T, Coord>;
-
-template <typename T, typename Coord>
-using ConstArrayView = ConstArrayViewImpl<ConstArrayReference<T, Coord>, T, Coord>;
-
-namespace util {
-    template <typename T, typename Coord>
-    struct type_printer<ArrayReference<T,Coord>> {
-        static std::string print() {
-            std::stringstream str;
-            str << util::white("ArrayReference") << "<" << type_printer<T>::print()
-                << ", " << type_printer<Coord>::print() << ">";
-            return str.str();
-        }
-    };
-
-    template <typename T, typename Coord>
-    struct type_printer<ConstArrayReference<T,Coord>> {
-        static std::string print() {
-            std::stringstream str;
-            str << util::white("ConstArrayReference") << "<" << type_printer<T>::print()
-                << ", " << type_printer<Coord>::print() << ">";
-            return str.str();
-        }
-    };
-
-    template <typename T, typename Coord>
-    struct pretty_printer<ArrayReference<T,Coord>> {
-        static std::string print(const ArrayReference<T,Coord>& val) {
-            std::stringstream str;
-            str << type_printer<ArrayReference<T,Coord>>::print()
-                << "(size="     << val.size()
-                << ", pointer=" << val.data() << ")";
-            return str.str();
-        }
-    };
-
-    template <typename T, typename Coord>
-    struct pretty_printer<ConstArrayReference<T,Coord>> {
-        static std::string print(const ConstArrayReference<T,Coord>& val) {
-            std::stringstream str;
-            str << type_printer<ConstArrayReference<T,Coord>>::print()
-                << "(size="     << val.size()
-                << ", pointer=" << val.data() << ")";
-            return str.str();
-        }
-    };
-
-    template <typename R, typename T, typename Coord>
-    struct type_printer<ArrayViewImpl<R, T,Coord>> {
-        static std::string print() {
-            std::stringstream str;
-            str << util::white("ArrayView") << "<" << type_printer<T>::print()
-                << ", " << type_printer<Coord>::print() << ">";
-            return str.str();
-        }
-    };
-
-    template <typename R, typename T, typename Coord>
-    struct type_printer<ConstArrayViewImpl<R, T,Coord>> {
-        static std::string print() {
-            std::stringstream str;
-            str << util::white("ConstArrayView") << "<" << type_printer<T>::print()
-                << ", " << type_printer<Coord>::print() << ">";
-            return str.str();
-        }
-    };
-
-    template <typename R, typename T, typename Coord>
-    struct pretty_printer<ArrayViewImpl<R, T,Coord>> {
-        static std::string print(const ArrayViewImpl<R, T,Coord>& val) {
-            std::stringstream str;
-            str << type_printer<ArrayViewImpl<R, T,Coord>>::print()
-                << "(size="     << val.size()
-                << ", pointer=" << val.data() << ")";
-            return str.str();
-        }
-    };
-
-    template <typename R, typename T, typename Coord>
-    struct pretty_printer<ConstArrayViewImpl<R, T,Coord>> {
-        static std::string print(const ConstArrayViewImpl<R, T,Coord>& val) {
-            std::stringstream str;
-            str << type_printer<ConstArrayViewImpl<R, T,Coord>>::print()
-                << "(size="     << val.size()
-                << ", pointer=" << val.data() << ")";
-            return str.str();
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-namespace impl {
-
-    template <typename T>
-    struct is_array;
-
-    // metafunction for indicating whether a type is an ArrayView
-    template <typename T>
-    struct is_array_view : std::false_type {};
-
-    // two specializations for is_array_view
-    //      1. for ArrayViewImpl (i.e. ArrayView)
-    //      2. for ArrayReference
-    template <typename R, typename T, typename Coord>
-    struct is_array_view<ArrayViewImpl<R, T, Coord> > : std::true_type {};
-
-    template <typename T, typename Coord>
-    struct is_array_view<ArrayReference<T, Coord> > : std::true_type {};
-
-    // and two for const views
-    template <typename R, typename T, typename Coord>
-    struct is_array_view<ConstArrayViewImpl<R, T, Coord> > : std::true_type {};
-
-    template <typename T, typename Coord>
-    struct is_array_view<ConstArrayReference<T, Coord> > : std::true_type {};
-
-    // metafunction for indicating whether a type is an array reference
-    template <typename T>
-    struct is_array_reference : std::false_type {};
-
-    template <typename T, typename Coord>
-    struct is_array_reference<ArrayReference<T, Coord> > : std::true_type {};
-
-    template <typename T, typename Coord>
-    struct is_array_reference<ConstArrayReference<T, Coord> > : std::true_type {};
-
-    template <typename A>
-    struct has_array_view_base : std::false_type {};
-
-    // Helper functions that access the reset() methods in ArrayView.
-    // Required to work around a bug in nvcc that makes it awkward to give
-    // Coordinator classes friend access to ArrayView types, so that the
-    // Coordinator can free and allocate memory. The reset() functions
-    // below are friend functions of ArrayView, and are placed in memory::impl::
-    // because users should not directly modify pointer or size information in an
-    // ArrayView.
-    template <typename R, typename T, typename Coord>
-    void reset(ArrayViewImpl<R, T, Coord> &v, T* ptr, std::size_t s) {
-        v.reset(ptr, s);
-    }
-
-    template <typename R, typename T, typename Coord>
-    void reset(ArrayViewImpl<R, T, Coord> &v) {
-        v.reset();
-    }
-
-    template <typename R, typename T, typename Coord>
-    void reset(ConstArrayViewImpl<R, T, Coord> &v, T* ptr, std::size_t s) {
-        v.reset(ptr, s);
-    }
-
-    template <typename R, typename T, typename Coord>
-    void reset(ConstArrayViewImpl<R, T, Coord> &v) {
-        v.reset();
-    }
-}
-
-// An ArrayView type refers to a sub-range of an Array. It does not own the
-// memory, i.e. it is not responsible for allocation and freeing.
-// Currently the ArrayRange type has no way of testing whether the memory to
-// which it refers is still valid (i.e. whether or not the original memory has
-// been freed)
-template <typename R, typename T, typename Coord>
-class ArrayViewImpl {
-public:
-    using array_reference_type       = ArrayReference<T, Coord>;
-    using const_array_reference_type = ConstArrayReference<T, Coord>;
-
-    using const_impl = ConstArrayViewImpl<R, T, Coord>;
-
-    using value_type = T;
-    using coordinator_type = typename Coord::template rebind<value_type>;
-
-    using size_type       = types::size_type;
-    using difference_type = types::difference_type;
-
-    using pointer         = typename coordinator_type::pointer;
-    using const_pointer   = typename coordinator_type::const_pointer;
-    using reference       = typename coordinator_type::reference;
-    using const_reference = typename coordinator_type::const_reference;
-
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // constructors
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    template <
-        typename Other,
-        typename = typename std::enable_if< impl::is_array<Other>::value >::type
-    >
-    explicit ArrayViewImpl(Other&& other)
-        : pointer_ (other.data()) , size_(other.size())
-    {
-#if VERBOSE>1
-        std::cout << util::green("ArrayView(&&Other)")
-                  << util::pretty_printer<typename std::decay<Other>::type>::print(*this)
-                  << std::endl;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    explicit ArrayViewImpl(pointer ptr, size_type n)
-    :   pointer_(ptr)
-    ,   size_(n)
-    {
-#if VERBOSE>1
-        std::cout << util::green("ArrayView(pointer, size_type)")
-                  << util::pretty_printer<ArrayViewImpl>::print(*this)
-                  << std::endl;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    explicit ArrayViewImpl(ArrayViewImpl& other, size_type n)
-    :   pointer_(other.data())
-    ,   size_(n)
-    {
-        assert(n<=other.size());
-#if VERBOSE>1
-        std::cout << util::green("ArrayView(ArrayViewImpl, size_type)")
-                  << util::pretty_printer<ArrayViewImpl>::print(*this)
-                  << std::endl;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    // only works with non const vector until we have a const_view type available
-    template <
-        typename Allocator,
-        typename = typename
-            std::enable_if<coordinator_type::is_malloc_compatible()>::type
-     >
-    explicit ArrayViewImpl(std::vector<value_type, Allocator>& vec)
-    :   pointer_(vec.data())
-    ,   size_(vec.size())
-    {
-#if VERBOSE>1
-        std::cout << util::green("ArrayView(std::vector)")
-                  << util::pretty_printer<ArrayViewImpl>::print(*this)
-                  << std::endl;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    explicit ArrayViewImpl() {
-        reset();
-    };
-
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // accessors
-    // overload operator() to provide range based access
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-    /// access half open sub-range using two indexes [left, right)
-    array_reference_type operator()(size_type const& left, size_type const& right) {
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-        assert(right<=size_ && left<=right);
-#endif
-        return array_reference_type(pointer_+left, right-left);
-    }
-
-    const_array_reference_type operator()(size_type const& left, size_type const& right) const {
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-        assert(right<=size_ && left<=right);
-#endif
-        return array_reference_type(pointer_+left, right-left);
-    }
-
-    /// access half open sub-range using one index and one-past-the-end [left, end)
-    array_reference_type operator()(size_type const& left, end_type) {
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-        assert(left<=size_);
-#endif
-        return array_reference_type(pointer_+left, size_-left);
-    }
-
-    const_array_reference_type operator()(size_type const& left, end_type) const {
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-        assert(left<=size_);
-#endif
-        return array_reference_type(pointer_+left, size_-left);
-    }
-
-    /// access entire range using all
-    array_reference_type operator() (all_type) {
-        return array_reference_type(pointer_, size_);
-    }
-
-    const_array_reference_type operator() (all_type) const {
-        return array_reference_type(pointer_, size_);
-    }
-
-    // access using a Range
-    array_reference_type operator()(Range const& range) {
-        size_type left = range.left();
-        size_type right = range.right();
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-        assert(right<=size_ && left<=right);
-#endif
-        return array_reference_type(pointer_+left, right-left);
-    }
-
-    const_array_reference_type operator()(Range const& range) const {
-        size_type left = range.left();
-        size_type right = range.right();
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-        assert(right<=size_ && left<=right);
-#endif
-        return array_reference_type(pointer_+left, right-left);
-    }
-
-    template <
-        typename Other,
-        typename = typename std::enable_if< impl::is_array<Other>::value >::type
-    >
-    ArrayViewImpl operator=(Other&& other) {
-#if VERBOSE
-        std::cerr << util::pretty_printer<ArrayViewImpl>::print(*this)
-                  << "::" << util::blue("operator=") << "("
-                  << util::pretty_printer<ArrayViewImpl>::print(other)
-                  << ")" << std::endl;
-#endif
-        reset(other.data(), other.size());
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    // access to raw data
-    pointer data() {
-        return pointer_;
-    }
-
-    const_pointer data() const {
-        return const_pointer(pointer_);
-    }
-
-    size_type size() const {
-        return size_;
-    }
-
-    bool is_empty() const {
-        return size_==0;
-    }
-
-    // begin/end iterator pairs
-    pointer begin() {
-        return pointer_;
-    }
-
-    const_pointer begin() const {
-        return pointer_;
-    }
-
-    pointer end() {
-        return pointer_+size_;
-    }
-
-    const_pointer end() const {
-        return pointer_+size_;
-    }
-
-    // per element accessors
-    // return a reference type provided by Coordinator
-    reference operator[] (size_type i) {
-        #ifndef NDEBUG
-        assert(i<size_);
-        #endif
-        return coordinator_.make_reference(pointer_+i);
-    }
-
-    const_reference operator[] (size_type i) const {
-        #ifndef NDEBUG
-        assert(i<size_);
-        #endif
-        return coordinator_.make_reference(pointer_+i);
-    }
-
-    // do nothing for destructor: we don't own the memory in range
-    ~ArrayViewImpl() {}
-
-    // test whether memory overlaps that referenced by other
-    template <
-        typename Other,
-        typename = typename std::enable_if<impl::is_array<Other>::value>
-    >
-    bool overlaps(Other&& other) const {
-        return( !((this->begin()>=other.end()) || (other.begin()>=this->end())) );
-    }
-
-    memory::Range range() const {
-        return memory::Range(0, size());
-    }
-
-    static constexpr auto
-    alignment() -> decltype(coordinator_type::alignment()) {
-        return coordinator_type::alignment();
-    }
-
-protected :
-    template <typename RR, typename U, typename C>
-    friend void impl::reset(ArrayViewImpl<RR, U, C>&, U*, std::size_t);
-    template <typename RR, typename U, typename C>
-    friend void impl::reset(ArrayViewImpl<RR, U, C>&);
-
-    void swap(ArrayViewImpl& other) {
-        auto ptr = other.data();
-        auto sz  = other.size();
-        other.reset(pointer_, size_);
-        pointer_ = ptr;
-        size_    = sz;
-    }
-
-    void reset() {
-        pointer_ = nullptr;
-        size_ = 0;
-    }
-
-    void reset(pointer ptr, size_type n) {
-        pointer_ = ptr;
-        size_ = n;
-    }
-
-    // disallow constructors that imply allocation of memory
-    ArrayViewImpl(const std::size_t &n) = delete;
-
-    coordinator_type coordinator_;
-    pointer          pointer_;
-    size_type        size_;
-};
-
-template <typename R, typename T, typename Coord>
-class ConstArrayViewImpl {
-public:
-    using const_array_reference_type = ConstArrayView<T, Coord>;
-    using array_view_impl_type = ArrayViewImpl<R, T, Coord>;
-
-    using value_type = T;
-    using coordinator_type = typename Coord::template rebind<value_type>;
-
-    using size_type       = types::size_type;
-    using difference_type = types::difference_type;
-
-    using const_pointer   = typename coordinator_type::const_pointer;
-    using const_reference = typename coordinator_type::const_reference;
-
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // CONSTRUCTORS
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    template <
-        typename Other,
-        typename = typename std::enable_if< impl::is_array<Other>::value >::type
-    >
-    ConstArrayViewImpl(Other&& other)
-        : pointer_ (other.data()) , size_(other.size())
-    {
-#if VERBOSE
-        std::cout << util::green("ConstArrayView(&&Other)")
-                  << " this = "
-                  << util::pretty_printer<ConstArrayViewImpl>::print(*this)
-                  << " other = "
-                  << util::pretty_printer<typename std::decay<Other>::type>::print(other)
-                  << std::endl;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    explicit ConstArrayViewImpl(const_pointer ptr, size_type n)
-    :   pointer_(ptr)
-    ,   size_(n)
-    {
-#if VERBOSE
-        std::cout << util::green("ConstArrayView(pointer, size_type)")
-                  << util::pretty_printer<ConstArrayViewImpl>::print(*this)
-                  << std::endl;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    explicit ConstArrayViewImpl(array_view_impl_type& other, size_type n)
-    :   pointer_(other.data())
-    ,   size_(n)
-    {
-        assert(n<=other.size());
-    }
-
-    explicit ConstArrayViewImpl(ConstArrayViewImpl& other, size_type n)
-    :   pointer_(other.data())
-    ,   size_(n)
-    {
-        assert(n<=other.size());
-    }
-
-    // only works with non const vector until we have a const_view type available
-    template <
-        typename Allocator,
-        typename = typename
-            std::enable_if<coordinator_type::is_malloc_compatible()>::type
-     >
-    explicit ConstArrayViewImpl(const std::vector<value_type, Allocator>& vec) :
-        pointer_(vec.data()),
-        size_(vec.size())
-    {}
-
-
-    explicit ConstArrayViewImpl() {
-        reset();
-    };
-
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // ACCESSORS
-    // overload operator() to provide range based access
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-    /// access half open sub-range using two indexes [left, right)
-    const_array_reference_type operator()(size_type const& left, size_type const& right) const {
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-        assert(right<=size_ && left<=right);
-#endif
-        return const_array_reference_type(pointer_+left, right-left);
-    }
-
-    /// access half open sub-range using one index and one-past-the-end [left, end)
-    const_array_reference_type operator()(size_type const& left, end_type) const {
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-        assert(left<=size_);
-#endif
-        return const_array_reference_type(pointer_+left, size_-left);
-    }
-
-    /// access entire range using all
-    const_array_reference_type operator() (all_type) const {
-        return const_array_reference_type(pointer_, size_);
-    }
-
-    // access using a Range
-    const_array_reference_type operator()(Range const& range) const {
-        size_type left = range.left();
-        size_type right = range.right();
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-        assert(right<=size_ && left<=right);
-#endif
-        return const_array_reference_type(pointer_+left, right-left);
-    }
-
-    template <
-        typename Other,
-        typename = typename std::enable_if< impl::is_array<Other>::value >::type
-    >
-    ConstArrayViewImpl operator=(Other&& other) {
-#if VERBOSE
-        std::cerr << util::pretty_printer<ConstArrayViewImpl>::print(*this)
-                  << "::" << util::blue("operator=") << "("
-                  << util::pretty_printer<ConstArrayViewImpl>::print(other)
-                  << ")" << std::endl;
-#endif
-        reset(other.data(), other.size());
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    // access to raw data
-    const_pointer data() const {
-        return pointer_;
-    }
-
-    size_type size() const {
-        return size_;
-    }
-
-    bool is_empty() const {
-        return size_==0;
-    }
-
-    // begin/end iterator pairs
-    const_pointer begin() const {
-        return pointer_;
-    }
-
-    const_pointer end() const {
-        return pointer_+size_;
-    }
-
-    // per element accessors
-    // return a reference type provided by Coordinator
-    const_reference operator[] (size_type i) const {
-        #ifndef NDEBUG
-        assert(i<size_);
-        #endif
-        return coordinator_.make_reference(pointer_+i);
-    }
-
-    // do nothing for destructor: we don't own the memory in range
-    ~ConstArrayViewImpl() {}
-
-    // test whether memory overlaps that referenced by other
-    template <
-        typename Other,
-        typename = typename std::enable_if<impl::is_array<Other>::value>
-    >
-    bool overlaps(Other&& other) const {
-        return( !((this->begin()>=other.end()) || (other.begin()>=this->end())) );
-    }
-
-    memory::Range range() const {
-        return memory::Range(0, size());
-    }
-
-    static constexpr auto
-    alignment() -> decltype(coordinator_type::alignment()) {
-        return coordinator_type::alignment();
-    }
-
-    // disallow constructors that imply allocation of memory
-    ConstArrayViewImpl(const std::size_t &n) = delete;
-
-protected :
-    template <typename RR, typename U, typename C>
-    friend void impl::reset(ConstArrayViewImpl<RR, U, C>&, U*, std::size_t);
-    template <typename RR, typename U, typename C>
-    friend void impl::reset(ConstArrayViewImpl<RR, U, C>&);
-
-    void swap(ConstArrayViewImpl& other) {
-        auto ptr = other.data();
-        auto sz  = other.size();
-        other.reset(pointer_, size_);
-        pointer_ = ptr;
-        size_    = sz;
-    }
-
-    void reset() {
-        pointer_ = nullptr;
-        size_ = 0;
-    }
-
-    void reset(const_pointer ptr, size_type n) {
-        pointer_ = ptr;
-        size_ = n;
-    }
-
-    coordinator_type coordinator_;
-    const_pointer    pointer_;
-    size_type        size_;
-};
-
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-template <typename T, typename Coord>
-class ArrayReference
-    : public ArrayViewImpl<ArrayReference<T, Coord>, T, Coord> {
-public:
-    using base = ArrayViewImpl<ArrayReference<T, Coord>, T, Coord>;
-    using const_base = typename base::const_impl;
-    using value_type = typename base::value_type;
-    using size_type  = typename base::size_type;
-
-    using pointer         = typename base::pointer;
-    using reference       = typename base::reference;
-
-    using coordinator_type = typename base::coordinator_type;
-
-    using base::coordinator_;
-    using base::pointer_;
-    using base::size_;
-    using base::size;
-
-    // Make only one valid constructor, for maintenance reasons.
-    // The only place where ArrayReference types are created is in the
-    // operator() calls in the ArrayViewImpl, so it is not an issue to have
-    // one method for creating References
-    explicit ArrayReference(pointer ptr, size_type n)
-        : base(ptr, n)
-    {
-#if VERBOSE>1
-        std::cout << util::green("ArrayReference(pointer, size_type)")
-                  << util::pretty_printer<base>::print(*this)
-                  << std::endl;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    // the operator=() operators are key: they facilitate copying data from
-    // you can make these return an event type, for synchronization
-    template <
-        typename Other,
-        typename = typename std::enable_if< impl::is_array<Other>::value >::type
-    >
-    ArrayReference operator = (Other&& other) {
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-        assert(other.size() == this->size());
-#endif
-#ifdef VERBOSE
-        std::cerr << util::type_printer<ArrayReference>::print()
-                  << "::" << util::blue("operator=") << "(&&"
-                  << util::type_printer<typename std::decay<Other>::type>::print()
-                  << ")" << std::endl;
-#endif
-        base::coordinator_.copy(other, *this);
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    ArrayReference& operator = (value_type value) {
-#ifdef VERBOSE
-        std::cerr << util::pretty_printer<ArrayReference>::print(*this)
-                  << "::" << util::blue("operator=") << "(" << value << ")"
-                  << std::endl;
-#endif
-        if(size()>0) {
-            base::coordinator_.set(*this, value);
-        }
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    // only works with non const vector until we have a const_view type available
-    template <
-        typename Allocator,
-        typename = typename
-            std::enable_if<coordinator_type::is_malloc_compatible()>::type
-     >
-    ArrayReference& operator=(const std::vector<value_type, Allocator>& other)
-    {
-        assert(other.size()==size());
-#if VERBOSE>1
-        std::cerr << util::pretty_printer<ArrayReference>::print(*this)
-                  << "::" << util::blue("operator=") << "(std::vector(" << other.size() << "))"
-                  << std::endl;
-#endif
-        // there is a kink in the coordinator, so use std::copy directly, because we know
-        // that coordinator_type is_malloc_compatible
-        //base::coordinator_.copy(base(other.data(), other.size(), this);
-        std::copy(other.begin(), other.end(), base::data());
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    // A reference can't be default initialized, because they are designed
-    // to be temporary objects that facilitate writing to or reading from
-    // memory. Given this, a reference may only be initialized to refer to
-    // an existing ArrayView, and it makes no sense to allow one to be default
-    // initialized with null data
-    ArrayReference() = delete;
-};
-
-template <typename T, typename Coord>
-class ConstArrayReference
-    : public ConstArrayViewImpl<ConstArrayReference<T, Coord>, T, Coord> {
-public:
-    using base = ConstArrayViewImpl<ConstArrayReference<T, Coord>, T, Coord>;
-    using value_type = typename base::value_type;
-    using size_type  = typename base::size_type;
-
-    using array_reference_type = ArrayReference<T, Coord>;
-
-    using const_pointer   = typename base::const_pointer;
-    using const_reference = typename base::const_reference;
-
-    using base::coordinator_;
-    using base::pointer_;
-    using base::size_;
-    using base::size;
-
-    // Make only one valid constructor, for maintenance reasons.
-    // The only place where ArrayReference types are created is in the
-    // operator() calls in the ArrayViewImpl, so it is not an issue to have
-    // one method for creating References
-    explicit ConstArrayReference(const_pointer ptr, size_type n)
-    : base(ptr, n)
-    {
-#if VERBOSE
-        std::cout << util::green("ConstArrayReference(pointer, size_type)")
-                  << util::pretty_printer<base>::print(*this)
-                  << std::endl;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    /// construct a const view from a non-const view
-    ConstArrayReference(array_reference_type other)
-    : ConstArrayReference(other.pointer_, other.size_)
-    { }
-
-    // A reference can't be default initialized, because they are designed
-    // to be temporary objects that facilitate writing to or reading from
-    // memory. Given this, a reference may only be initialized to refer to
-    // an existing ArrayView, and it makes no sense to allow one to be default
-    // initialized with null data
-    ConstArrayReference() = delete;
-};
-
-// export is_array_view helper
-using impl::is_array_view;
-
-} // namespace memory
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
diff --git a/vector/include/CudaEvent.hpp b/vector/include/CudaEvent.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index ee7ab25ca0a1ad3ab57f5957a0c4c97ec8c844d4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/include/CudaEvent.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <limits>
-#include <memory>
-
-#include <cassert>
-
-#include <cuda.h>
-#include <cuda_runtime.h>
-
-#include "Event.hpp"
-
-namespace memory {
-
-// wrapper around cuda events
-class CudaEvent
-: public AsynchEvent {
-public:
-
-    //////////////////////////////////
-    // constructor
-    //////////////////////////////////
-    CudaEvent() {
-        //cudaError_t status = cudaEventCreate(&event_);
-        //assert(status == cudaSuccess);
-        cudaEvent_t tmp;
-        cudaError_t status = cudaEventCreate(&tmp);
-        event_ = std::shared_ptr<cudaEvent_t>(new cudaEvent_t(tmp));
-#ifdef VERBOSE
-        std::cout << "CudaEvent< " << event() << " > :: create" << std::endl;
-#endif
-        assert(status == cudaSuccess);
-    }
-
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // destructor
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // there is no need to wait for event to finish:
-    // in the case that an event has been recorded and not yet completed,
-    // cudaEventDestroy() will return immediately, and the resources associated
-    // with the event will be released automatically when the event finishes.
-    // Furthermore once an cudaEvent_t has been used to synchronize a stream,
-    // it can be destroyed and the stream won't be affected (it will still
-    // synchronize on the event)
-    ~CudaEvent() {
-#ifdef VERBOSE
-        std::cout << "CudaEvent< " << event() << " > :: destruct count = "
-                  << event_.use_count()
-                  << " " << (event_.unique() ? " deleting" : "")
-                  << std::endl;
-#endif
-        if(event_.unique())
-            cudaEventDestroy(event());
-    }
-
-    CudaEvent(CudaEvent const& other) : event_(other.event_) {}
-
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // return an event handle
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    cudaEvent_t& event() {
-        return *event_;
-    }
-
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // force host execution to wait for event completion
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    virtual void wait() override {
-        cudaError_t status = cudaEventSynchronize(event());
-        assert(status == cudaSuccess);
-    }
-
-    virtual EventStatus query() override {
-        cudaError_t status = cudaEventQuery(event());
-
-        // assert that expected results have been returned
-        assert(status==cudaSuccess || status==cudaErrorNotReady);
-
-        // cudaSuccess means that task finished, or that cudaEventRecord() was
-        // not called on event_
-        if(status==cudaErrorNotReady)
-            return kEventBusy;
-        return kEventReady;
-    }
-
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // returns time in seconds taken between this cuda event and another
-    // cuda event
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // returns NaN if there is an error
-    // time is this - other
-    double time_since(CudaEvent &other) {
-        float time_taken = 0.0f;
-
-        cudaError_t status =
-            cudaEventElapsedTime(&time_taken, other.event(), event());
-        if(status != cudaSuccess)
-            return std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
-        return double(time_taken/1.e3);
-    }
-
-private:
-
-    std::shared_ptr<cudaEvent_t> event_;
-};
-
-} // namespace memory
-
-    /*CudaEvent(CudaEvent&& other) {
-        event_ = std::move(other.event_);
-    }*/
diff --git a/vector/include/CudaStream.hpp b/vector/include/CudaStream.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index f9767bacf67651728acdbe7513a02be9f69d2336..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/include/CudaStream.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <iostream>
-
-#include <cuda.h>
-#include <cuda_runtime.h>
-
-#include "CudaEvent.hpp"
-
-namespace memory {
-
-// wrapper around cuda streams
-class CudaStream {
-public:
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // default constructor
-    // sets to the default stream 0
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    CudaStream() : stream_(0) {};
-
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // constructor with flag for whether or not to create a new stream
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // if no stream is to be created, then default stream 0 is used
-    CudaStream(bool create_new_stream) {
-        stream_ = 0;
-        if(create_new_stream)
-            stream_ = new_stream();
-    }
-
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // destructor
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    ~CudaStream() {
-        if(stream_) {
-            cudaError_t status = cudaStreamDestroy(stream_);
-            assert(status == cudaSuccess);
-        }
-    }
-
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // returns boolean indicating whether this is the default (NULL) stream
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    bool is_default_stream() {
-        return stream_==0;
-    }
-
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // return the cuda Stream handle
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    cudaStream_t stream() {
-        return stream_;
-    }
-
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // insert event into stream
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // returns immediately
-    CudaEvent insert_event() {
-        CudaEvent e;
-
-        cudaError_t status = cudaEventRecord(e.event(), stream_);
-        assert(status == cudaSuccess);
-
-        return e;
-    }
-
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // make all future work on stream wait until event has completed.
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // returns immediately, not waiting for event to complete
-    void wait_on_event(CudaEvent &e) {
-        cudaError_t status = cudaStreamWaitEvent(stream_, e.event(), 0);
-
-        assert(status == cudaSuccess);
-    }
-
-private:
-
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // helper that creates a new CUDA stream using CUDA API
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    cudaStream_t new_stream() {
-        cudaStream_t s;
-        cudaError_t status = cudaStreamCreate(&s);
-
-        assert(status == cudaSuccess);
-
-        return s;
-    }
-
-    cudaStream_t stream_;
-};
-
-} // namespace memory
diff --git a/vector/include/DeviceCoordinator.hpp b/vector/include/DeviceCoordinator.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index ad70a5d9492fdf32bb288a00ce7f6d2807c800ac..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/include/DeviceCoordinator.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,319 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <exception>
-
-#include "Allocator.hpp"
-#include "Array.hpp"
-#include "definitions.hpp"
-#include "Event.hpp"
-#include "CudaEvent.hpp"
-#include "gpu.hpp"
-
-namespace memory {
-
-// forward declare
-template <typename T, class Allocator>
-class DeviceCoordinator;
-
-template <typename T, class Allocator>
-class HostCoordinator;
-
-namespace util {
-    template <typename T, typename Allocator>
-    struct type_printer<DeviceCoordinator<T,Allocator>>{
-        static std::string print() {
-            #if VERBOSE > 1
-            return util::white("DeviceCoordinator") + "<"
-                + type_printer<T>::print()
-                + ", " + type_printer<Allocator>::print() + ">";
-            #else
-            return + util::white("DeviceCoordinator")
-                + "<" + type_printer<T>::print() + ">";
-            #endif
-        }
-    };
-
-    template <typename T, typename Allocator>
-    struct pretty_printer<DeviceCoordinator<T,Allocator>>{
-        static std::string print(const DeviceCoordinator<T,Allocator>& val) {
-            return type_printer<DeviceCoordinator<T,Allocator>>::print();
-        }
-    };
-} // namespace util
-
-namespace gpu {
-    // brief:
-    // We have to perform some type punning to pass arbitrary POD types to the
-    // GPU backend without polluting the library front end with CUDA kernels
-    // that would require compilation with nvcc.
-    //
-    // detail:
-    // The implementation takes advantage of 4 fill functions that fill GPU
-    // memory with a {8, 16, 32, 64} bit unsigned integer. We want to use these
-    // functions to fill a block of GPU memory with _any_ 8, 16, 32 or 64 bit POD
-    // value. The technique to do this with a 64-bit double, is to first convert
-    // the double into a 64-bit unsigned integer (with the same bits, not the
-    // same value), then call the 64-bit fill kernel precompiled using nvcc in
-    // the gpu library. This technique of converting from one type to another
-    // is called type-punning. There are plenty of subtle problems with this, due
-    // to C++'s strict aliasing rules, that require memcpy of single bytes if
-    // alignment of the two types does not match.
-
-    #define FILL(N) \
-    template <typename T> \
-    typename std::enable_if<sizeof(T)==sizeof(uint ## N ## _t)>::type \
-    fill(T* ptr, T value, size_t n) { \
-        using I = uint ## N ## _t; \
-        I v; \
-        if(alignof(T)==alignof(I)) { \
-            *reinterpret_cast<T*>(&v) = value; \
-        } \
-        else { \
-            std::copy_n( \
-                reinterpret_cast<char*>(&value), \
-                sizeof(T), \
-                reinterpret_cast<char*>(&v) \
-            ); \
-        } \
-        fill ## N(reinterpret_cast<I*>(ptr), v, n); \
-    }
-
-    FILL(8)
-    FILL(16)
-    FILL(32)
-    FILL(64)
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-class ConstDeviceReference {
-public:
-    using value_type = T;
-    using pointer = value_type*;
-
-    ConstDeviceReference(pointer p) : pointer_(p) {}
-
-    operator T() const {
-        T tmp;
-        auto success
-            = cudaMemcpy(&tmp, pointer_, sizeof(T), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
-        if(success != cudaSuccess) {
-            std::cerr << util::red("error")
-                      << " bad CUDA memcopy, unable to copy " << sizeof(T)
-                      << " bytes from host to device";
-            exit(-1);
-        }
-        return T(tmp);
-    }
-
-protected:
-    template <typename Other>
-    void operator =(Other&&) {}
-
-    pointer pointer_;
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-class DeviceReference {
-public:
-    using value_type = T;
-    using pointer = value_type*;
-
-    DeviceReference(pointer p) : pointer_(p) {}
-
-    DeviceReference& operator = (const T& value) {
-        auto success =
-            cudaMemcpy(pointer_, &value, sizeof(T), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
-        if(success != cudaSuccess) {
-            std::cerr << util::red("error")
-                      << " bad CUDA memcopy, unable to copy " << sizeof(T)
-                      << " bytes from host to device";
-            exit(-1);
-        }
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    operator T() const {
-        T tmp;
-        auto success =
-            cudaMemcpy(&tmp, pointer_, sizeof(T), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
-        if(success != cudaSuccess) {
-            std::cerr << util::red("error")
-                      << " bad CUDA memcopy, unable to copy " << sizeof(T)
-                      << " bytes from device to host";
-            exit(-1);
-        }
-        return T(tmp);
-    }
-
-private:
-    pointer pointer_;
-};
-
-
-template <typename T, class Allocator_=CudaAllocator<T> >
-class DeviceCoordinator {
-public:
-    using value_type = T;
-    using Allocator = typename Allocator_::template rebind<value_type>;
-
-    using pointer       = value_type*;
-    using const_pointer = const value_type*;
-    using reference       = DeviceReference<value_type>;
-    using const_reference = ConstDeviceReference<value_type>;
-
-    using view_type = ArrayView<value_type, DeviceCoordinator>;
-
-    using size_type       = types::size_type;
-    using difference_type = types::difference_type;
-
-    template <typename Tother>
-    using rebind = DeviceCoordinator<Tother, Allocator>;
-
-    view_type allocate(size_type n) {
-        Allocator allocator;
-
-        pointer ptr = n>0 ? allocator.allocate(n) : nullptr;
-
-        #ifdef VERBOSE
-        std::cerr << util::type_printer<DeviceCoordinator>::print()
-                  << util::blue("::allocate") << "(" << n << ")"
-                  << (ptr==nullptr && n>0 ? " failure" : " success")
-                  << std::endl;
-        #endif
-
-        return view_type(ptr, n);
-    }
-
-    void free(view_type& rng) {
-        Allocator allocator;
-
-        if(rng.data())
-            allocator.deallocate(rng.data(), rng.size());
-
-        #ifdef VERBOSE
-        std::cerr << util::type_printer<DeviceCoordinator>::print()
-                  << "::free()" << std::endl;
-        #endif
-
-        impl::reset(rng);
-    }
-
-    // copy memory from one gpu range to another
-    void copy(const view_type &from, view_type &to) {
-        assert(from.size()==to.size());
-        assert(!from.overlaps(to));
-
-        auto status = cudaMemcpy(
-                reinterpret_cast<void*>(to.begin()),
-                reinterpret_cast<const void*>(from.begin()),
-                from.size()*sizeof(value_type),
-                cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice
-        );
-        if(status != cudaSuccess) {
-            std::cerr << util::red("error") << " bad CUDA memcopy, unable to copy " << sizeof(T)*from.size() << " bytes from device to device";
-            exit(-1);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // generates compile time error if there is an attempt to copy from memory
-    // that is managed by a coordinator for which there is no specialization
-    template <class CoordOther>
-    void copy( const ArrayView<value_type, CoordOther> &from,
-               view_type &to) {
-        static_assert(true, "DeviceCoordinator: unable to copy from other Coordinator");
-    }
-
-    template <class Alloc>
-    std::pair<SynchEvent, view_type>
-    copy(const ArrayView<value_type, HostCoordinator<value_type, Alloc>> &from,
-         view_type &to) {
-        assert(from.size()==to.size());
-
-        #ifdef VERBOSE
-        using oType = ArrayView<value_type, HostCoordinator<value_type, Alloc>>;
-        std::cout << util::pretty_printer<DeviceCoordinator>::print(*this)
-                  << "::" << util::blue("copy") << "(asynchronous, " << from.size() << ")"
-                  << "\n  " << util::type_printer<oType>::print() << " @ " << from.data()
-                  << util::yellow(" -> ")
-                  << util::type_printer<view_type>::print() << " @ " << to.data() << std::endl;
-        #endif
-
-        auto status = cudaMemcpy(
-                reinterpret_cast<void*>(to.begin()),
-                reinterpret_cast<const void*>(from.begin()),
-                from.size()*sizeof(value_type),
-                cudaMemcpyHostToDevice
-        );
-        if(status != cudaSuccess) {
-            std::cerr << util::red("error") << " bad CUDA memcopy, unable to copy " << sizeof(T)*from.size() << " bytes from host to device";
-            exit(-1);
-        }
-
-        return std::make_pair(SynchEvent(), to);
-    }
-
-    template <size_t alignment>
-    std::pair<CudaEvent, view_type>
-    copy(const ArrayView<
-                value_type,
-                HostCoordinator<
-                    value_type,
-                    PinnedAllocator<
-                        value_type,
-                        alignment>>> &from,
-         view_type &to) {
-        assert(from.size()==to.size());
-
-        #ifdef VERBOSE
-        using oType = ArrayView< value_type, HostCoordinator< value_type, PinnedAllocator< value_type, alignment>>>;
-        std::cout << util::pretty_printer<DeviceCoordinator>::print(*this)
-                  << "::" << util::blue("copy") << "(asynchronous, " << from.size() << ")"
-                  << "\n  " << util::type_printer<oType>::print() << " @ " << from.data()
-                  << util::yellow(" -> ")
-                  << util::type_printer<view_type>::print() << " @ " << to.data() << std::endl;
-        #endif
-
-        auto status = cudaMemcpy(
-                reinterpret_cast<void*>(to.begin()),
-                reinterpret_cast<const void*>(from.begin()),
-                from.size()*sizeof(value_type),
-                cudaMemcpyHostToDevice
-        );
-        if(status != cudaSuccess) {
-            std::cerr << util::red("error") << " bad CUDA memcopy, unable to copy " << sizeof(T)*from.size() << " bytes from host to device";
-            exit(-1);
-        }
-
-        CudaEvent event;
-        return std::make_pair(event, to);
-    }
-
-    // fill memory
-    void set(view_type &rng, value_type value) {
-        gpu::fill<value_type>(rng.data(), value, rng.size());
-    }
-
-    // generate reference objects for a raw pointer.
-    reference make_reference(value_type* p) {
-        return reference(p);
-    }
-
-    const_reference make_reference(value_type const* p) const {
-        return const_reference(p);
-    }
-
-    static constexpr
-    auto alignment() -> decltype(Allocator_::alignment()) {
-        return Allocator_::alignment();
-    }
-
-    static constexpr
-    bool is_malloc_compatible() {
-        return Allocator_::is_malloc_compatible();
-    }
-};
-
-} // namespace memory
-
diff --git a/vector/include/Event.hpp b/vector/include/Event.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 26d44291e4490706510b347c788566caa8b4456b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/include/Event.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,138 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <utility>
-
-#include "definitions.hpp"
-
-namespace memory {
-
-enum EventStatus {kEventBusy, kEventReady};
-
-namespace util {
-/*
-template<class T1, class T2>
-struct pair
-{
-    typedef T1 first_type;
-    typedef T2 second_type;
-
-    T1 first;
-    T2 second;
-
-    pair()
-    :   first(),
-        second()
-    {}
-
-    pair(const T1& a, const T2& b)
-    :   first(a),
-        second(b)
-    {}
-
-    template<class U1, class U2>
-    pair(const pair<U1, U2>& p)
-    :   first(p.first),
-        second(p.second)
-    {}
-
-    template<class U1, class U2>
-    pair(U1&& x, U2&& y)
-    :    first(std::forward<U1>(x)),
-         second(std::forward<U2>(y))
-    {}
-
-    pair(pair&& p)
-    :    first(std::move(p.first)),
-         second(std::move(p.second))
-    {}
-};
-
-template<class T1, class T2>
-inline pair<T1, T2>
-make_pair(T1 x, T2 y) {
-    return pair<T1, T2>(x, y);
-}
-
-template <typename First, typename Second>
-struct type_printer<pair<First, Second>>{
-    static std::string print() {
-        std::stringstream str;
-        str << "util::pair<" << type_printer<First>::print()
-            << ", " << type_printer<Second>::print() << ">";
-        return str.str();
-    }
-};
-*/
-} // namespace util
-
-// empty event that can be used for synchronous events, or for events that are
-// guaranteed to have completed when the event will be queried
-class SynchEvent {
-public:
-    SynchEvent() = default;
-
-    // pause execution in calling thread until event is finished
-    // this returns instantly for a synchronous event
-    void wait() {};
-
-    EventStatus query() {
-        return kEventReady;
-    }
-};
-
-// abstract base class for an asynchronous event
-class AsynchEvent {
-public:
-    // pause execution in calling thread until event is finished
-    // this returns instantly for a synchronous event
-    virtual void wait() = 0;
-
-    virtual EventStatus query() = 0;
-};
-
-// abstract base class for an asynchronous event
-class CUDAEvent
-: public AsynchEvent {
-public:
-    CUDAEvent() = default;
-
-    virtual void
-    wait() override {}
-
-    virtual EventStatus
-    query() override {
-        return kEventReady;
-    }
-};
-
-namespace util {
-    template <>
-    struct pretty_printer<SynchEvent>{
-        static std::string print(const SynchEvent&) {
-            return std::string("SynchEvent()");
-        }
-    };
-
-    template <>
-    struct pretty_printer<CUDAEvent>{
-        static std::string print(const CUDAEvent& event) {
-            return std::string("CUDAEvent()");
-        }
-    };
-
-    template <>
-    struct type_printer<SynchEvent>{
-        static std::string print() {
-            return std::string("SynchEvent");
-        }
-    };
-
-    template <>
-    struct type_printer<CUDAEvent>{
-        static std::string print() {
-            return std::string("CUDAEvent");
-        }
-    };
-} // namespace util
-
-} // namespace events
diff --git a/vector/include/Range.hpp b/vector/include/Range.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index cbd0deccf2aab0ee1134856436566ddccc6a3607..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/include/Range.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <ostream>
-
-#include <cassert>
-
-#include "RangeLimits.hpp"
-
-#ifdef USING_TBB
-#include <tbb/tbb.h>
-#endif
-
-namespace memory {
-
-class Range {
-public:
-    typedef std::size_t size_type;
-    typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
-
-    Range()
-    : left_(0), right_(0)
-    {}
-
-    explicit Range(size_type n)
-    : left_(0), right_(n)
-    {}
-
-    Range(size_type b, size_type e)
-    : left_(b), right_(e)
-    {}
-
-    //
-    // make Range compatible with TBB Range concept
-    //
-#ifdef USING_TBB
-    bool empty() const {
-        return right_==left_;
-    }
-
-    bool is_divisible() const {
-        return size()>1;
-    }
-
-    Range(Range& other, tbb::split) {
-        auto m = (other.left() + other.right())/2;
-        left_ = m;
-        right_ = other.right();
-        other.set(other.left(), m);
-    }
-
-    Range(Range& other, tbb::proportional_split p) {
-        auto m = ((other.left()+other.right())*p.right())/(p.left()+p.right());
-        if(m == 0) {
-            m = 1;
-        }
-        else if(m == other.right()) {
-            m = other.right() - 1;
-        }
-
-        left_ = m;
-        right_ = other.right();
-        other.set(other.left(), m);
-    }
-
-    static constexpr bool is_splittable_in_proportion = true;
-#endif // USING_TBB
-
-    Range(Range const& other) = default;
-
-    size_type size() const {
-        return right_ - left_;
-    }
-
-    size_type left() const {
-        return left_;
-    }
-
-    size_type right() const {
-        return right_;
-    }
-
-    void set(size_type b, size_type e) {
-        left_ = b;
-        right_ = e;
-    }
-
-    Range& operator +=(size_type n) {
-        left_ += n;
-        right_ += n;
-
-        return (*this);
-    }
-
-    Range& operator -=(size_type n) {
-        left_ -= n;
-        right_   -= n;
-
-        return (*this);
-    }
-
-    bool operator == (const Range& other) const {
-        return (left_ == other.left_) && (right_ == other.right_);
-    }
-
-    bool operator != (const Range& other) const {
-        return (left_ != other.left_) || (right_ != other.right_);
-    }
-
-    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // Iterator to generate a sequence of integral values
-    //
-    // Derived from input_iterator because it only makes sense to use as a read
-    // only iterator: the iterator does not refer to any external memory,
-    // instead returns to state that can only change when iterator is
-    // incremented via ++ operator
-    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    class iterator
-    : public std::iterator<std::input_iterator_tag, size_type>
-    {
-    public:
-        iterator(size_type first)
-        : index_(first)
-        {}
-
-        size_type const& operator*() const {
-            return index_;
-        }
-
-        size_type const* operator->() const {
-            return &index_;
-        }
-
-        iterator operator++(int) {
-            iterator previous(*this);
-            ++(*this);
-            return previous;
-        }
-
-        const iterator* operator++() {
-            ++index_;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        bool operator == (const iterator& other) const {
-            return index_ == other.index_;
-        }
-
-        bool operator != (const iterator& other) const {
-            return index_ != other.index_;
-        }
-
-    private:
-        size_type index_;
-    };
-    ///////////////////////////////////////
-
-    iterator begin() const {
-        return iterator(left_);
-    }
-
-    iterator end() const {
-        return iterator(right_);
-    }
-
-    // operators to get sub-ranges
-    Range operator () (size_type left, size_type right) const {
-        #ifndef NDEBUG
-        assert(left_+left  <= right_);
-        assert(left_+right <= right_);
-        #endif
-        return Range(left_+left, left_+right);
-    }
-
-    Range operator () (size_type left, memory::end_type) const {
-        #ifndef NDEBUG
-        assert(left_+left  <= right_);
-        #endif
-        return Range(left_+left, right_);
-    }
-
-private:
-    size_type left_;
-    size_type right_;
-};
-
-static inline std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& os, const Range& rng) {
-    os << "[" << rng.left() << ":" << rng.right() << "]";
-    return os;
-}
-
-} // namespace memory
diff --git a/vector/include/SplitRange.hpp b/vector/include/SplitRange.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 638c09c9348cd1c7c0a4ac48b29fe5a072642165..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/include/SplitRange.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <iterator>
-#include <ostream>
-
-#include <cassert>
-
-#include "Range.hpp"
-
-namespace memory {
-
-class SplitRange {
-  public:
-    using size_type       = Range::size_type;
-    using difference_type = Range::difference_type;
-
-    // split range into n chunks
-    SplitRange(Range const& rng, size_type n) : range_(rng) {
-        // it makes no sense to break a range into 0 chunks
-        assert(n>0);
-
-        // add one to step_ if n does not evenly subdivide the target range
-        step_ = rng.size()/n + (rng.size()%n ? 1 : 0);
-    }
-
-    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // Iterator to generate a sequence of ranges that split the range into
-    // n disjoint sets
-    //
-    // Derived from input_iterator because it only makes sense to use as a read
-    // only iterator: the iterator does not refer to any external memory,
-    // instead returns to state that can only change when iterator is
-    // incremented via ++ operator
-    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    class iterator
-      : public std::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, Range>
-    {
-      public:
-          iterator(size_type first, size_type end, size_type step)
-              : range_(first, first+step),
-                step_(step),
-                begin_(first),
-                end_(end)
-          {
-              assert(first<=end);
-
-              if(range_.right()>end) {
-                  range_.set(first, end);
-              }
-          }
-
-          Range const& operator*() const {
-              return range_;
-          }
-
-          Range const* operator->() const {
-              return &range_;
-          }
-
-          iterator operator++(int) {
-              iterator previous(*this);
-              ++(*this);
-              return previous;
-          }
-
-          iterator operator--(int) {
-              iterator next(*this);
-              --(*this);
-              return next;
-          }
-
-          const iterator* operator++() {
-              size_type first = range_.left()+step_;
-              if(first>end_)
-                  first=end_;
-
-              size_type last = range_.right()+step_;
-              if(last>end_)
-                  last=end_;
-
-              // update range
-              range_.set(first, last);
-
-              return this;
-          }
-
-          const iterator* operator--() {
-              size_type first = range_.left()-step_;
-              if(first<begin_)
-                  first=begin_;
-
-              size_type last = first+step_;
-              if(last>end_)
-                  last=end_;
-
-              // update range
-              range_.set(first, last);
-
-              return this;
-          }
-
-          const iterator* operator+=(int n) {
-              size_type first = range_.left()+step_*n;
-              if(first>end_)
-                  first=end_;
-
-              size_type last = first+step_;
-              if(last>end_)
-                  last=end_;
-
-              // update range
-              range_.set(first, last);
-
-              return this;
-          }
-
-          iterator operator+(int n) {
-              iterator i(*this);
-              i+=n;
-              return i;
-          }
-
-          const iterator* operator-=(int n) {
-              size_type first = range_.left()+step_*n;
-              if(first<begin_)
-                  first=begin_;
-
-              size_type last = first+step_;
-              if(last>end_)
-                  last=end_;
-
-              // update range
-              range_.set(first, last);
-
-              return this;
-          }
-
-          iterator operator-(int n) {
-              iterator i(*this);
-              i-=n;
-              return i;
-          }
-
-          bool operator == (const iterator& other) const {
-              return range_ == other.range_;
-          }
-
-          bool operator != (const iterator& other) const {
-              return range_ != other.range_;
-          }
-
-      private:
-        Range range_;
-        size_type begin_;  // first value for begin_
-        size_type end_;    // final value for end
-        size_type step_;   // step by which range limits get increased
-    };
-    ///////////////////////////////////////
-
-    iterator begin() const {
-        return iterator(range_.left(), range_.right(), step_);
-    }
-
-    iterator end() const {
-        return iterator(range_.right(), range_.right(), step_);
-    }
-
-    Range operator [] (int i) const {
-        return *(begin()+i);
-    }
-
-    size_type step_size() const {
-        return step_;
-    }
-
-    Range range() const {
-        return range_;
-    }
-
-  private:
-    size_type step_;
-    Range range_;
-};
-
-// overload output operator for split range
-static std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& os, const SplitRange& split) {
-    os << "(" << split.range() << " by " << split.step_size() << ")";
-    return os;
-}
-
-}
diff --git a/vector/include/Vector.hpp b/vector/include/Vector.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index e3728ce64d1ba1859085b62e3b1ed607f9c9aef0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/include/Vector.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <iostream>
-
-#include "Array.hpp"
-#include "definitions.hpp"
-#include "HostCoordinator.hpp"
-
-#ifdef WITH_CUDA
-#include "DeviceCoordinator.hpp"
-#endif
-
-
-namespace memory {
-
-// specialization for host vectors
-template <typename T>
-using HostVector = Array<T, HostCoordinator<T>>;
-template <typename T>
-using HostView = ArrayView<T, HostCoordinator<T>>;
-
-template <typename T>
-std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& o, HostView<T> const& v) {
-    o << "[";
-    for(auto const& value: v) o << value << ",";
-    o << "]";
-
-    return o;
-}
-
-#ifdef WITH_CUDA
-// specialization for pinned vectors. Use a host_coordinator, because memory is
-// in the host memory space, and all of the helpers (copy, set, etc) are the
-// same with and without page locked memory
-template <typename T>
-using PinnedVector = Array<T, HostCoordinator<T, PinnedAllocator<T>>>;
-template <typename T>
-using PinnedView = ArrayView<T, HostCoordinator<T, PinnedAllocator<T>>>;
-
-// specialization for device memory
-template <typename T>
-using DeviceVector = Array<T, DeviceCoordinator<T, CudaAllocator<T>>>;
-template <typename T>
-using DeviceView = ArrayView<T, DeviceCoordinator<T, CudaAllocator<T>>>;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef WITH_KNL
-// specialization for HBW memory on KNL
-template <typename T>
-using HBWVector = Array<T, HostCoordinator<T, HBWAllocator<T>>>;
-template <typename T>
-using HBWView = ArrayView<T, HostCoordinator<T, HBWAllocator<T>>>;
-#endif
-
-} // namespace memory
diff --git a/vector/include/gpu.hpp b/vector/include/gpu.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 8a1f4bd66936493dc8fe1bb9a860c8202ca36a88..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/include/gpu.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-namespace memory {
-namespace gpu {
-
-void fill8(uint8_t* v, uint8_t value, std::size_t n);
-void fill16(uint16_t* v, uint16_t value, std::size_t n);
-void fill32(uint32_t* v, uint32_t value, std::size_t n);
-void fill64(uint64_t* v, uint64_t value, std::size_t n);
-
-} // namespace gpu
-} // namespace memory
diff --git a/vector/include/util.hpp b/vector/include/util.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 3360e8dea625fd962b861d2850b5dafad20e85c6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/include/util.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <sstream>
-#include <vector>
-
-namespace memory {
-namespace util {
-static inline std::string pprintf(const char *s) {
-    std::string errstring;
-    while(*s) {
-        if(*s == '%' && s[1]!='%') {
-            // instead of throwing an exception, replace with ??
-            //throw std::runtime_error("pprintf: the number of arguments did not match the format ");
-            errstring += "<?>";
-        }
-        else {
-            errstring += *s;
-        }
-        ++s;
-    }
-    return errstring;
-}
-
-// variadic printf for easy error messages
-template <typename T, typename ... Args>
-std::string pprintf(const char *s, T value, Args... args) {
-    std::string errstring;
-    while(*s) {
-        if(*s == '%' && s[1]!='%') {
-            std::stringstream str;
-            str << value;
-            errstring += str.str();
-            errstring += pprintf(++s, args...);
-            return errstring;
-        }
-        else {
-            errstring += *s;
-            ++s;
-        }
-    }
-    return errstring;
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-std::string to_string(T val) {
-    std::stringstream str;
-    str << val;
-    return str.str();
-}
-
-//'\e[1;31m' # Red
-//'\e[1;32m' # Green
-//'\e[1;33m' # Yellow
-//'\e[1;34m' # Blue
-//'\e[1;35m' # Purple
-//'\e[1;36m' # Cyan
-//'\e[1;37m' # White
-enum stringColor {kWhite, kRed, kGreen, kBlue, kYellow, kPurple, kCyan};
-
-#ifdef COLOR_PRINTING
-__attribute__((unused))
-static std::string colorize(std::string const& s, stringColor c) {
-    switch(c) {
-        case kWhite :
-            return "\033[1;37m"  + s + "\033[0m";
-        case kRed   :
-            return "\033[1;31m" + s + "\033[0m";
-        case kGreen :
-            return "\033[1;32m" + s + "\033[0m";
-        case kBlue  :
-            return "\033[1;34m" + s + "\033[0m";
-        case kYellow:
-            return "\033[1;33m" + s + "\033[0m";
-        case kPurple:
-            return "\033[1;35m" + s + "\033[0m";
-        case kCyan  :
-            return "\033[1;36m" + s + "\033[0m";
-    }
-    // avoid warnings from GCC
-    return s;
-}
-#else
-__attribute__((unused))
-static std::string colorize(std::string const& s, stringColor c) {
-    return s;
-}
-#endif
-
-// helpers for inline printing
-__attribute__((unused))
-static std::string red(std::string const& s) {
-    return colorize(s, kRed);
-}
-__attribute__((unused))
-static std::string green(std::string const& s) {
-    return colorize(s, kGreen);
-}
-__attribute__((unused))
-static std::string yellow(std::string const& s) {
-    return colorize(s, kYellow);
-}
-__attribute__((unused))
-static std::string blue(std::string const& s) {
-    return colorize(s, kBlue);
-}
-__attribute__((unused))
-static std::string purple(std::string const& s) {
-    return colorize(s, kPurple);
-}
-__attribute__((unused))
-static std::string cyan(std::string const& s) {
-    return colorize(s, kCyan);
-}
-__attribute__((unused))
-static std::string white(std::string const& s) {
-    return colorize(s, kWhite);
-}
-} // namespace util
-} // namespace memory
diff --git a/vector/src/CMakeLists.txt b/vector/src/CMakeLists.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 524adec84bea23562d47eee8c2689020d9988fc4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-add_subdirectory(gpu)
-
diff --git a/vector/src/gpu/CMakeLists.txt b/vector/src/gpu/CMakeLists.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 02816df8ca9d3cabf6c19d095cdbaeeb4d8ba6be..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/src/gpu/CMakeLists.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-set(LIB_SOURCES
-    fill.cu
-)
-
-if( CUDA_BACKEND )
-    cuda_add_library(gpu ${LIB_SOURCES})
-endif()
-
diff --git a/vector/src/gpu/fill.cu b/vector/src/gpu/fill.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index cd31c42f28c6f8f4427c50d1796318bdd25b29ac..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/src/gpu/fill.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cstdint>
-
-namespace memory {
-namespace gpu {
-    template <typename T, typename I>
-    __global__
-    void fill_kernel(T* v, T value, I n) {
-        std::size_t tid = threadIdx.x + blockDim.x*blockIdx.x;
-        std::size_t grid_step = blockDim.x * gridDim.x;
-
-        while(tid < n) {
-            v[tid] = value;
-            tid += grid_step;
-        }
-    }
-
-    void fill8(uint8_t* v, uint8_t value, std::size_t n) {
-        auto thread_dim = int{192};
-        dim3 dim_block(thread_dim);
-        dim3 dim_grid(n/dim_block.x + (n%dim_block.x ? 1 : 0));
-
-        fill_kernel<uint8_t><<<dim_grid, dim_block>>>(v, value, n);
-    };
-
-    void fill16(uint16_t* v, uint16_t value, std::size_t n) {
-        auto thread_dim = int{192};
-        dim3 dim_block(thread_dim);
-        dim3 dim_grid(n/dim_block.x + (n%dim_block.x ? 1 : 0));
-
-        fill_kernel<uint16_t><<<dim_grid, dim_block>>>(v, value, n);
-    };
-
-    void fill32(uint32_t* v, uint32_t value, std::size_t n) {
-        auto thread_dim = int{192};
-        dim3 dim_block(thread_dim);
-        dim3 dim_grid(n/dim_block.x + (n%dim_block.x ? 1 : 0));
-
-        fill_kernel<uint32_t><<<dim_grid, dim_block>>>(v, value, n);
-    };
-
-    void fill64(uint64_t* v, uint64_t value, std::size_t n) {
-        auto thread_dim = int{192};
-        dim3 dim_block(thread_dim);
-        dim3 dim_grid(n/dim_block.x + (n%dim_block.x ? 1 : 0));
-
-        fill_kernel<uint64_t><<<dim_grid, dim_block>>>(v, value, n);
-    };
-} // namespace gpu
-} // namespace memory
-
diff --git a/vector/tests/.ycm_extra_conf.py b/vector/tests/.ycm_extra_conf.py
deleted file mode 100644
index f997d747bc7554196aef05746df3107c122acbb9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/tests/.ycm_extra_conf.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-# This file is NOT licensed under the GPLv3, which is the license for the rest
-# of YouCompleteMe.
-#
-# Here's the license text for this file:
-#
-# This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
-#
-# Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
-# distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
-# binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
-# means.
-#
-# In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
-# of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
-# software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
-# of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
-# successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
-# relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
-# software under copyright law.
-#
-# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
-# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
-# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
-# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
-# OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
-# ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
-# OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
-#
-# For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>
-
-import os
-import ycm_core
-
-# These are the compilation flags that will be used in case there's no
-# compilation database set (by default, one is not set).
-# CHANGE THIS LIST OF FLAGS. YES, THIS IS THE DROID YOU HAVE BEEN LOOKING FOR.
-flags = [
-'-Wall',
-'-DNDEBUG',
-# THIS IS IMPORTANT! Without a "-std=<something>" flag, clang won't know which
-# language to use when compiling headers. So it will guess. Badly. So C++
-# headers will be compiled as C headers. You don't want that so ALWAYS specify
-# a "-std=<something>".
-# For a C project, you would set this to something like 'c99' instead of
-# 'c++11'.
-'-std=c++11',
-# ...and the same thing goes for the magic -x option which specifies the
-# language that the files to be compiled are written in. This is mostly
-# relevant for c++ headers.
-# For a C project, you would set this to 'c' instead of 'c++'.
-'-x',
-'c++',
-'-I',
-'.',
-'-isystem',
-'/usr/include',
-'-isystem',
-'/usr/local/include',
-]
-
-
-# Set this to the absolute path to the folder (NOT the file!) containing the
-# compile_commands.json file to use that instead of 'flags'. See here for
-# more details: http://clang.llvm.org/docs/JSONCompilationDatabase.html
-#
-# You can get CMake to generate this file for you by adding:
-#   set( CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS 1 )
-# to your CMakeLists.txt file.
-#
-# Most projects will NOT need to set this to anything; you can just change the
-# 'flags' list of compilation flags. Notice that YCM itself uses that approach.
-compilation_database_folder = ''
-
-if os.path.exists( compilation_database_folder ):
-  database = ycm_core.CompilationDatabase( compilation_database_folder )
-else:
-  database = None
-
-SOURCE_EXTENSIONS = [ '.cpp', '.cxx', '.cc', '.c', '.m', '.mm' ]
-
-def DirectoryOfThisScript():
-  return os.path.dirname( os.path.abspath( __file__ ) )
-
-
-def MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute( flags, working_directory ):
-  if not working_directory:
-    return list( flags )
-  new_flags = []
-  make_next_absolute = False
-  path_flags = [ '-isystem', '-I', '-iquote', '--sysroot=' ]
-  for flag in flags:
-    new_flag = flag
-
-    if make_next_absolute:
-      make_next_absolute = False
-      if not flag.startswith( '/' ):
-        new_flag = os.path.join( working_directory, flag )
-
-    for path_flag in path_flags:
-      if flag == path_flag:
-        make_next_absolute = True
-        break
-
-      if flag.startswith( path_flag ):
-        path = flag[ len( path_flag ): ]
-        new_flag = path_flag + os.path.join( working_directory, path )
-        break
-
-    if new_flag:
-      new_flags.append( new_flag )
-  return new_flags
-
-
-def IsHeaderFile( filename ):
-  extension = os.path.splitext( filename )[ 1 ]
-  return extension in [ '.h', '.hxx', '.hpp', '.hh' ]
-
-
-def GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename ):
-  # The compilation_commands.json file generated by CMake does not have entries
-  # for header files. So we do our best by asking the db for flags for a
-  # corresponding source file, if any. If one exists, the flags for that file
-  # should be good enough.
-  if IsHeaderFile( filename ):
-    basename = os.path.splitext( filename )[ 0 ]
-    for extension in SOURCE_EXTENSIONS:
-      replacement_file = basename + extension
-      if os.path.exists( replacement_file ):
-        compilation_info = database.GetCompilationInfoForFile(
-          replacement_file )
-        if compilation_info.compiler_flags_:
-          return compilation_info
-    return None
-  return database.GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename )
-
-
-def FlagsForFile( filename, **kwargs ):
-  if database:
-    # Bear in mind that compilation_info.compiler_flags_ does NOT return a
-    # python list, but a "list-like" StringVec object
-    compilation_info = GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename )
-    if not compilation_info:
-      return None
-
-    final_flags = MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute(
-      compilation_info.compiler_flags_,
-      compilation_info.compiler_working_dir_ )
-
-    # NOTE: This is just for YouCompleteMe; it's highly likely that your project
-    # does NOT need to remove the stdlib flag. DO NOT USE THIS IN YOUR
-    # ycm_extra_conf IF YOU'RE NOT 100% SURE YOU NEED IT.
-    try:
-      final_flags.remove( '-stdlib=libc++' )
-    except ValueError:
-      pass
-  else:
-    relative_to = DirectoryOfThisScript()
-    final_flags = MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute( flags, relative_to )
-
-  return {
-    'flags': final_flags,
-    'do_cache': True
-  }
diff --git a/vector/tests/CMakeLists.txt b/vector/tests/CMakeLists.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index f88d65166335d4af2a3501d4e007dddc0c9787fb..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/tests/CMakeLists.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-set(DRIVER_SOURCES
-    driver.cpp
-    host_coordinator_unittest.cpp
-    array_unittest.cpp
-    array_reference_unittest.cpp
-    host_vector_unittest.cpp
-    allocator_unittest.cpp
-    array_view_unittest.cpp
-    split_range_unittest.cpp
-    gtest-all.cc
-)
-set(DRIVER_CUDA_SOURCES
-    device_vector_unittest.cpp
-    device_coordinator_unittest.cpp
-    pinned_vector_unittest.cpp
-)
-set(DRIVER_KNL_SOURCES
-    knl_vector_unittest.cpp
-)
-
-if( CUDA_BACKEND )
-    set(DRIVER_SOURCES ${DRIVER_SOURCES} ${DRIVER_CUDA_SOURCES})
-    add_executable(driver.cuda ${DRIVER_SOURCES})
-    target_link_libraries(driver.cuda LINK_PUBLIC gpu)
-elseif( KNL_BACKEND )
-    set(DRIVER_SOURCES ${DRIVER_SOURCES} ${DRIVER_KNL_SOURCES})
-    add_executable(driver.knl ${DRIVER_SOURCES})
-else()
-    add_executable(driver.exe ${DRIVER_SOURCES})
-endif()
-
-
diff --git a/vector/tests/allocator_unittest.cpp b/vector/tests/allocator_unittest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 545ed8da6002a2d8416d3b807dfb17b1a3b9b525..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/tests/allocator_unittest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
-
-#include <Allocator.hpp>
-#include <HostCoordinator.hpp>
-
-// verify that metafunction for memory alignment works
-template <size_t s>
-struct packer {
-    char vals[s];
-};
-
-TEST(Allocator, minimum_possible_alignment) {
-    using namespace memory::impl;
-    size_t tmp;
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<1> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,8);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<2> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,8);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<3> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,8);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<4> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,8);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<5> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,8);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<6> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,8);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<7> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,8);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<8> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,8);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<9> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,16);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<10> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,16);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<11> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,16);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<15> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,16);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<16> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,16);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<17> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,32);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<29> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,32);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<30> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,32);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<31> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,32);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<32> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,32);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<33> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,64);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<127> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,128);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<128> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,128);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<129> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,256);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<255> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,256);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<256> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,256);
-    tmp = minimum_possible_alignment< packer<257> >();
-    EXPECT_EQ(tmp,512);
-}
-
-TEST(Allocator, padding) {
-    using namespace memory::impl;
-
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<char>(8,  0), 0 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<char>(8,  1), 7 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<char>(8,  2), 6 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<char>(8,  3), 5 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<char>(8,  4), 4 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<char>(8,  5), 3 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<char>(8,  6), 2 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<char>(8,  7), 1 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<char>(8,  8), 0 );
-
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<char>(8,  9), 7 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<char>(8, 10), 6 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<char>(8, 11), 5 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<char>(8, 12), 4 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<char>(8, 13), 3 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<char>(8, 14), 2 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<char>(8, 15), 1 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<char>(8, 16), 0 );
-
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<double>(64, 0), 0 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<double>(64, 1), 7 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<double>(64, 2), 6 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<double>(64, 3), 5 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<double>(64, 4), 4 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<double>(64, 5), 3 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<double>(64, 6), 2 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<double>(64, 7), 1 );
-    EXPECT_EQ( get_padding<double>(64, 8), 0 );
-}
diff --git a/vector/tests/array_reference_unittest.cpp b/vector/tests/array_reference_unittest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index ff79d39610bfc5462aaa3adc52e7b12ef4ceae0f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/tests/array_reference_unittest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
-
-#include <Array.hpp>
-#include <ArrayView.hpp>
-#include <HostCoordinator.hpp>
-
-TEST(ArrayReference, basics) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    using by_value = Array<double, HostCoordinator<double>>;
-    using by_view  = ArrayView<double, HostCoordinator<double>>;
-    using by_reference = typename by_view::array_reference_type;
-
-    // create range by value of length 10
-    by_value v1(10);
-    EXPECT_EQ(v1.size(), 10);
-
-    by_reference vr1 = v1(0,5);
-    by_reference vr2 = v1(5,end);
-    EXPECT_EQ(vr1.data(), v1.data());
-    EXPECT_EQ(vr2.data(), v1.data()+5);
-    v1(all) = 0.;
-    vr1 = 1.;
-    for(auto i=0; i<5; ++i)
-        EXPECT_EQ(v1[i], 1.);
-    vr2 = vr1;
-    for(auto i=5; i<10; ++i)
-        EXPECT_EQ(v1[i], 1.);
-
-    // create a new array of lenght 10
-    // and test copying it into the original array
-    // via a reference
-    by_value v2(10);
-    EXPECT_EQ(v2.size(), 10);
-    v2(all) = -10.;
-
-    v1(all) = v2;
-    EXPECT_NE(v1.data(), v2.data());
-
-    for(auto i : v1.range())
-        EXPECT_EQ(v1[i], v2[i]);
-}
-
-TEST(ArrayReference, from_std_vector) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    using by_value = Array<int, HostCoordinator<int>>;
-
-    using stdvec = std::vector<int>;
-
-    stdvec svec = {5,6,7,8,9};
-
-    // create range by value of length 10
-    by_value v1(10, 0);
-
-    v1(5, 10) = svec;
-
-    for(auto i=5; i<10; ++i)
-        EXPECT_EQ(v1[i], i);
-}
-
-TEST(ArrayReference, metafunctions) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    using by_value = Array<double, HostCoordinator<double>>;
-    using by_view  = ArrayView<double, HostCoordinator<double>>;
-    using by_reference = typename by_view::array_reference_type;
-
-    // create range by value of length 10
-    // this should allocate memory of length 10*sizeof(T)
-    by_value v1(10);
-    EXPECT_EQ(v1.size(), 10);
-
-    by_reference vr1 = v1(0,5);
-    by_view      vv1 = v1(0,5);
-
-    // test that array_reference correctly detects an arary_reference
-    static_assert(impl::is_array_reference<decltype(vr1)>::value,
-                  "is_array_reference did not correctly classify array reference");
-    static_assert(impl::is_array_reference<decltype(v1(all))>::value,
-                  "is_array_reference did not correctly classify array reference");
-    static_assert(impl::is_array_reference<decltype(v1(0,1))>::value,
-                  "is_array_reference did not correctly classify array reference");
-
-    // check that is_array_reference is false for an array_view
-    static_assert(impl::is_array_reference<decltype(vv1)>::value==false,
-                  "is_array_reference identified an array_view as an array_reference");
-
-    // check that is_array_view returns true for ArrayReferences
-    // this is desireable because is_array_view is designed for use in template
-    // specializations, for which it is required that the argument foo(v(0,1))
-    // should be treated as an ArrayView
-    static_assert(impl::is_array_view<decltype(vr1)>::value,
-                  "is_array_view did not correctly classify array reference");
-    static_assert(impl::is_array_view<decltype(v1(all))>::value,
-                  "is_array_view did not correctly classify array reference");
-    static_assert(impl::is_array_view<decltype(v1(0,1))>::value,
-                  "is_array_view did not correctly classify array reference");
-
-}
-
diff --git a/vector/tests/array_unittest.cpp b/vector/tests/array_unittest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 57be9ff8346251a438904894c4a4652202f67037..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/tests/array_unittest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,162 +0,0 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
-
-#include <Array.hpp>
-#include <HostCoordinator.hpp>
-
-// verify that metafunctions for checking range wrappers work
-TEST(Array, is_array) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    typedef Array<double, HostCoordinator<double> > by_value;
-    typedef ArrayView<double, HostCoordinator<double> > by_view;
-
-    static_assert(
-        impl::is_array_by_value<by_value>::value,
-        "is_array_by_value incorrectly returned false for array_by_value" );
-
-    static_assert(
-        !impl::is_array_view<by_value>::value,
-        "is_array_view incorrectly returned true for array_by_value" );
-
-    static_assert(
-        !impl::is_array_by_value<by_view>::value,
-        "is_array_by_value incorrectly returned true for array_view" );
-
-    static_assert(
-        impl::is_array_view<by_view>::value,
-        "is_array_view incorrectly returned false for array_view" );
-
-    static_assert(
-        impl::is_array<by_value>::value,
-        "is_array incorrectly returned false for array_by_value" );
-
-    static_assert(
-        impl::is_array<by_view>::value,
-        "is_array incorrectly returned false for array_view" );
-
-    static_assert(
-        !impl::is_array_by_value<int>::value,
-        "is_array_by_value returns true for type other than array_by_value" );
-
-    static_assert(
-        !impl::is_array_view<int>::value,
-        "is_array_view returns true for type other than array_by_value" );
-}
-
-TEST(Array,new_array_by_value) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    typedef Array<double, HostCoordinator<double> > by_value;
-    typedef ArrayView<double, HostCoordinator<double> > by_reference;
-
-    // create range by value of length 10
-    // this should allocate memory of length 10*sizeof(T)
-    by_value v1(10);
-    EXPECT_EQ(v1.size(), 10);
-
-    // create a copy
-    by_value v2(v1);
-    EXPECT_EQ(v2.size(), v1.size());
-    EXPECT_NE(v2.data(), v1.data());
-
-    by_reference r1(v1);
-    EXPECT_EQ(r1.size(), v1.size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(r1.data(), v1.data());
-    by_value v3(r1);
-    EXPECT_EQ(v3.size(), r1.size());
-    EXPECT_NE(v3.data(), r1.data());
-}
-
-TEST(Array,new_array_by_ref) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    typedef Array<double, HostCoordinator<double> > by_value;
-    typedef ArrayView<double, HostCoordinator<double> > by_reference;
-
-    // create range by value of length 10
-    // this should allocate memory of length 10*sizeof(T)
-    by_value v1(10);
-    by_reference r1(v1);
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(r1.size(), v1.size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(r1.data(), v1.data());
-    by_value v2(r1);
-    EXPECT_EQ(v2.size(), v1.size());
-    EXPECT_NE(v2.data(), v1.data());
-}
-
-TEST(Array, sub_ranges_by_index) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    typedef Array<double, HostCoordinator<double> > by_value;
-    typedef ArrayView<double, HostCoordinator<double> > by_reference;
-
-    // check that reference range from a subrange works
-    by_value v1(10);
-    for(int i=0; i<10; i++)
-        v1[i] = double(i);
-
-    // create a reference wrapper to the second half of v1
-    auto r1 = v1(5,end);
-    EXPECT_EQ(r1.size(), 5);
-    EXPECT_EQ(v1.data()+5, r1.data());
-
-    // create a value wrapper (copy) of the reference range
-    // should contain a copy of the second half of v1
-    by_value v2(r1);
-    EXPECT_NE(r1.data(), v2.data());
-    EXPECT_EQ(r1.size(), v2.size());
-    auto it1 = v1.data();
-    auto it2 = v2.data();
-    for(auto i=0; i<5; ++i) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(it1[i+5], it2[i]);
-    }
-}
-
-// test use of Range type to get views on an Array
-TEST(Array, sub_ranges_by_range) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    typedef Array<double, HostCoordinator<double> > by_value;
-    typedef ArrayView<double, HostCoordinator<double> > by_reference;
-
-    // check that a view of a subrange works
-    by_value array1(10);
-    for(int i=0; i<10; i++)
-        array1[i] = double(i);
-
-    Range range1(5,10);
-    auto view1 = array1(range1);
-    EXPECT_EQ(view1.size(), 5);
-    EXPECT_EQ(array1.data()+5, view1.data());
-
-    // create a copy of the data in a view
-    // should contain a copy of the second half of array1
-    by_value array2(view1);
-    EXPECT_NE(view1.data(), array2.data());
-    EXPECT_EQ(view1.size(), array2.size());
-    auto it1 = array1.data()+5;
-    auto it2 = array2.data()+5;
-    while(it2!=array2.data()+array2.size()) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(*it1, *it2);
-        ++it2;
-        ++it1;
-    }
-}
-
-// test that the assignment operator works
-TEST(Array, assignment) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    typedef Array<double, HostCoordinator<double> > by_value;
-    typedef ArrayView<double, HostCoordinator<double> > by_reference;
-
-    by_value other(10);
-    other(all) = 3.14;
-    by_value v;
-
-    v = other(all);
-    EXPECT_NE(v.data(), other.data());
-    for(auto value: v)
-        EXPECT_EQ(value, 3.14);
-}
diff --git a/vector/tests/array_view_unittest.cpp b/vector/tests/array_view_unittest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 4f922e8ffe1242d1661d5c74d079f759033f6ca3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/tests/array_view_unittest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-#include <numeric>
-
-#include "gtest.h"
-
-#include <Vector.hpp>
-
-// check that const views work
-TEST(array_view, const_view) {
-    using vector = memory::HostVector<int>;
-    using view   = vector::view_type;
-    using const_view  = vector::const_view_type;
-
-    vector v(10);
-    std::iota(v.begin(), v.end(), 0);
-
-    view v_non_const = v;
-
-    {
-        const_view v_const(v);
-        for(auto i : v.range()) {
-            EXPECT_EQ(v[i], v_const[i]);
-        }
-    }
-    {
-        const_view v_const(v_non_const);
-        for(auto i : v.range()) {
-            EXPECT_EQ(v[i], v_const[i]);
-        }
-    }
-    {
-        const_view v_const(v(memory::all));
-        for(auto i : v.range()) {
-            EXPECT_EQ(v[i], v_const[i]);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// this struct provides const member functions that return
-// const_views of private HostVector data
-struct A {
-    using vector = memory::HostVector<int>;
-    using view   = vector::view_type;
-    using const_view   = vector::const_view_type;
-
-    A(int size)
-    :   data_(size), data_view_(data_)
-    { }
-
-    const_view const_data() const {
-        return data_;
-    }
-
-    const_view const_data_view() const {
-        return data_view_;
-    }
-
-    private :
-
-    vector data_;
-    view data_view_;
-};
-
-TEST(array_view, const_members) {
-    {
-        A a(10);
-        auto view1 = a.const_data();
-        auto view2 = a.const_data_view();
-    }
-
-    {
-        const A a(10);
-        auto view1 = a.const_data();
-        auto view2 = a.const_data_view();
-    }
-}
diff --git a/vector/tests/device_coordinator_unittest.cpp b/vector/tests/device_coordinator_unittest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 9222aeacdcba6593bb9d40add3c1a11169f7d811..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/tests/device_coordinator_unittest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,227 +0,0 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
-
-#include <DeviceCoordinator.hpp>
-#include <HostCoordinator.hpp>
-
-// verify that type members set correctly
-TEST(DeviceCoordinator, type_members) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    typedef DeviceCoordinator<int> intcoord_t;
-
-    // verify that the correct type is used for internal storage
-    ::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<int,   intcoord_t::value_type>();
-}
-
-// verify that rebinding works
-TEST(DeviceCoordinator, rebind) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    using intcoord_t    = DeviceCoordinator<int>;
-    using doublecoord_t = typename intcoord_t::rebind<double>;
-
-    // verify that the correct type is used for internal storage
-    ::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<double,doublecoord_t::value_type>();
-}
-
-// test allocation of base arrays using host_coordinator
-TEST(DeviceCoordinator, arraybase_alloc_free) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    typedef DeviceCoordinator<int> intcoord_t;
-    intcoord_t coordinator;
-
-    auto array = coordinator.allocate(5);
-    typedef decltype(array) arr_t;
-
-    // test that array is a base array
-    EXPECT_TRUE(impl::is_array_view<arr_t>::value);
-
-    // test that array has correct storage type
-    ::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<int, arr_t::value_type >();
-
-    // verify that the array has non-NULL pointer
-    EXPECT_NE(arr_t::pointer(0), array.data())
-        << "DeviceCoordinator returned a NULL pointer when allocating a nonzero array";
-
-    // verify that freeing works
-    coordinator.free(array);
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(arr_t::pointer(0), array.data());
-    EXPECT_EQ(arr_t::size_type(0), array.size());
-}
-
-// test allocation of reference arrays
-TEST(DeviceCoordinator, refarray_alloc_free) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    typedef DeviceCoordinator<float> floatcoord_t;
-    floatcoord_t coordinator;
-
-    auto array = coordinator.allocate(5);
-    typedef decltype(array) rng_t;
-
-    auto ref_array = array(memory::all);
-    typedef decltype(ref_array) rrng_t;
-
-    // test that array has correct storage type
-    ::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<float, rrng_t::value_type >();
-
-    // verify that the array has non-NULL pointer
-    EXPECT_NE(rrng_t::pointer(0), ref_array.data())
-        << "DeviceCoordinator returned a NULL pointer when allocating a nonzero array";
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(array.data(), ref_array.data())
-        << "base(all) does not have the same pointer address as base";
-
-    // verify that freeing works
-    coordinator.free(array);
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(rng_t::pointer(0),   array.data());
-    EXPECT_EQ(rng_t::size_type(0), array.size());
-}
-
-// test that DeviceCoordinator can correctly detect overlap between arrays
-TEST(DeviceCoordinator, overlap) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    const int N = 20;
-
-    typedef DeviceCoordinator<int> intcoord_t;
-    intcoord_t coordinator;
-
-    auto array = coordinator.allocate(N);
-    auto array_other = coordinator.allocate(N);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(array.overlaps(array_other));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(array(0,10).overlaps(array(10,end)));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(array(10,end).overlaps(array(0,10)));
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(array.overlaps(array));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(array(memory::all).overlaps(array));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(array.overlaps(array(memory::all)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(array(memory::all).overlaps(array(memory::all)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(array(0,11).overlaps(array(10,end)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(array(10,end).overlaps(array(0,11)));
-}
-
-// test copy from host to device memory works for unpinned host memory
-TEST(DeviceCoordinator, host_to_device_copy_synchronous) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    const int N = 100;
-
-    {
-        typedef int T;
-        typedef DeviceCoordinator<T> dc_t;
-        typedef HostCoordinator<T>   hc_t;
-        typedef ArrayView<T, dc_t> da_t;
-        typedef ArrayView<T, hc_t> ha_t;
-
-        // allocate array on host and device
-        ha_t host_array(hc_t().allocate(N));
-        da_t device_array(dc_t().allocate(N));
-
-        // initialize host memory to linear sequence of integers
-        for(auto i: Range(0,N))
-            host_array[i] = T(i);
-
-        // copy host array to device array
-        dc_t().copy(host_array, device_array);
-
-        // check that host and device values are the same
-        for(auto i: Range(0,N))
-            EXPECT_EQ( host_array[i], T(device_array[i]) );
-    }
-
-    {
-        typedef double T;
-        typedef DeviceCoordinator<T> dc_t;
-        typedef HostCoordinator<T>   hc_t;
-        typedef ArrayView<T, dc_t> da_t;
-        typedef ArrayView<T, hc_t> ha_t;
-
-        // allocate array on host and device
-        ha_t host_array(hc_t().allocate(N));
-        da_t device_array(dc_t().allocate(N));
-
-        // initialize host memory to linear sequence of integers
-        for(auto i: Range(0,N))
-            host_array[i] = T(i);
-
-        // copy host array to device array
-        auto event = dc_t().copy(host_array, device_array);
-        //std::cout << util::type_printer<decltype(event)>::print() << std::endl;
-
-        // check that host and device values are the same
-        for(auto i: Range(0,N))
-            EXPECT_EQ( host_array[i], T(device_array[i]) );
-    }
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-using PinnedCoord = memory::HostCoordinator<T, memory::PinnedAllocator<T>>;
-
-// test copy from host to device memory works for pinned host memory
-TEST(DeviceCoordinator, host_to_device_copy_asynchronous) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    const int N = 100;
-
-    {
-        typedef int T;
-        typedef DeviceCoordinator<T> dc_t;
-        typedef PinnedCoord<T>   hc_t;
-        typedef ArrayView<T, dc_t> da_t;
-        typedef ArrayView<T, hc_t> ha_t;
-
-        // allocate array on host and device
-        ha_t host_array(hc_t().allocate(N));
-        da_t device_array(dc_t().allocate(N));
-
-        // initialize host memory to linear sequence of integers
-        for(auto i: Range(0,N))
-            host_array[i] = T(i);
-
-        // copy host array to device array
-        auto event = dc_t().copy(host_array, device_array);
-
-        // check that host and device values are the same
-        for(auto i: Range(0,N))
-            EXPECT_EQ( host_array[i], T(device_array[i]) );
-    }
-
-    {
-        typedef double T;
-        typedef DeviceCoordinator<T> dc_t;
-        typedef PinnedCoord<T>   hc_t;
-        typedef ArrayView<T, dc_t> da_t;
-        typedef ArrayView<T, hc_t> ha_t;
-
-        // allocate array on host and device
-        ha_t host_array(hc_t().allocate(N));
-        da_t device_array(dc_t().allocate(N));
-
-        // initialize host memory to linear sequence of integers
-        for(auto i: Range(0,N))
-            host_array[i] = T(i);
-
-        // copy host array to device array
-        auto event = dc_t().copy(host_array, device_array);
-
-        //std::cout << util::type_printer<decltype(event)>::print() << std::endl;
-        auto &event_ref = event.first;
-        event_ref.wait();
-
-        // check that host and device values are the same
-        for(auto i: Range(0,N))
-            EXPECT_EQ( host_array[i], T(device_array[i]) );
-    }
-}
-
-// test copy from host to device memory works for pinned host memory
-TEST(DeviceCoordinator, alignment) {
-    using namespace memory;
-    static_assert(DeviceCoordinator<double>::alignment() == 256,
-                  "bad alignment reported by CUDA Allocator");
-}
-
diff --git a/vector/tests/device_vector_unittest.cpp b/vector/tests/device_vector_unittest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index e45fe528690ae07f5638072b72a398a97c8665fb..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/tests/device_vector_unittest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
-
-#include <Vector.hpp>
-#include <HostCoordinator.hpp>
-#include <DeviceCoordinator.hpp>
-
-#include <algorithm>
-
-// test that constructors work
-TEST(DeviceVector, constructor) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    // default constructor
-    DeviceVector<float> v0;
-
-    // length constructor
-    const size_t N = 10;
-    DeviceVector<float> v1(N);
-    EXPECT_EQ(N, v1.size());
-
-    // copy constructor
-    DeviceVector<float> v2(v1);
-    EXPECT_EQ(N, v2.size());
-
-    // range constructor
-    Range r(0,N/2);
-    DeviceVector<float> v3(v1(r));
-    EXPECT_EQ(r.size(), v3.size());
-}
-
-TEST(DeviceVector, indexing) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    // length constructor
-    const size_t N = 10;
-    DeviceVector<float> v1(N);
-
-    for(int i=0; i<N; ++i)
-        v1[i] = i;
-
-    for(int i=0; i<N; ++i)
-        EXPECT_EQ(float(v1[i]), (float)i);
-}
-
-TEST(DeviceVector, fill) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    // length constructor
-    const size_t N = 10;
-
-    {
-        DeviceVector<char> v(N);
-        v(memory::all) = 'a';
-        for(int i=0; i<N; ++i)
-            EXPECT_EQ(char(v[i]), 'a');
-    }
-    {
-        DeviceVector<float> v(N);
-        v(memory::all) = -1.f;
-        for(int i=0; i<N; ++i)
-            EXPECT_EQ(float(v[i]), -1.f);
-    }
-    {
-        DeviceVector<double> v(N);
-        v(memory::all) = -2.;
-        for(int i=0; i<N; ++i)
-            EXPECT_EQ(double(v[i]), -2.);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/vector/tests/driver.cpp b/vector/tests/driver.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index d12cbe82e6fb697cb936aa8d1d8e43adb0a75aca..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/tests/driver.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Driver program for the unit tests
- */
-
-#include "gtest.h"
-
-//#include <mpi.h>
-
-#ifdef WITH_CUDA
-#include <cuda.h>
-#include <cuda_runtime.h>
-
-bool initialize_cuda() {
-    CUresult result = cuInit(0);
-    return result == CUDA_SUCCESS;
-}
-#endif
-
-int main(int argc, char **argv) {
-    //MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
-
-    #ifdef WITH_CUDA
-    // if testing with CUDA turned on, first check that we can initialize CUDA
-    if(!initialize_cuda()) {
-        std::cerr << "ERROR: unable to initialize CUDA" << std::endl;
-        return 1;
-    }
-    #endif
-
-    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
-    //MPI_Finalize();
-}
-
diff --git a/vector/tests/gtest-all.cc b/vector/tests/gtest-all.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index a4b4d3dfd392cea5ec3ff9678aeac28811f33a4a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/tests/gtest-all.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9955 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: mheule@google.com (Markus Heule)
-//
-// Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
-//
-// Sometimes it's desirable to build Google Test by compiling a single file.
-// This file serves this purpose.
-
-// This line ensures that gtest.h can be compiled on its own, even
-// when it's fused.
-//#include "gtest/gtest.h"
-#include "gtest.h"
-
-// The following lines pull in the real gtest *.cc files.
-// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-//
-// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
-
-// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-//
-// Utilities for testing Google Test itself and code that uses Google Test
-// (e.g. frameworks built on top of Google Test).
-
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_SPI_H_
-#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_SPI_H_
-
-
-namespace testing {
-
-// This helper class can be used to mock out Google Test failure reporting
-// so that we can test Google Test or code that builds on Google Test.
-//
-// An object of this class appends a TestPartResult object to the
-// TestPartResultArray object given in the constructor whenever a Google Test
-// failure is reported. It can either intercept only failures that are
-// generated in the same thread that created this object or it can intercept
-// all generated failures. The scope of this mock object can be controlled with
-// the second argument to the two arguments constructor.
-class GTEST_API_ ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter
-    : public TestPartResultReporterInterface {
- public:
-  // The two possible mocking modes of this object.
-  enum InterceptMode {
-    INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD,  // Intercepts only thread local failures.
-    INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS           // Intercepts all failures.
-  };
-
-  // The c'tor sets this object as the test part result reporter used
-  // by Google Test.  The 'result' parameter specifies where to report the
-  // results. This reporter will only catch failures generated in the current
-  // thread. DEPRECATED
-  explicit ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter(TestPartResultArray* result);
-
-  // Same as above, but you can choose the interception scope of this object.
-  ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter(InterceptMode intercept_mode,
-                                   TestPartResultArray* result);
-
-  // The d'tor restores the previous test part result reporter.
-  virtual ~ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter();
-
-  // Appends the TestPartResult object to the TestPartResultArray
-  // received in the constructor.
-  //
-  // This method is from the TestPartResultReporterInterface
-  // interface.
-  virtual void ReportTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& result);
- private:
-  void Init();
-
-  const InterceptMode intercept_mode_;
-  TestPartResultReporterInterface* old_reporter_;
-  TestPartResultArray* const result_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter);
-};
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// A helper class for implementing EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE() and
-// EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE().  Its destructor verifies that the given
-// TestPartResultArray contains exactly one failure that has the given
-// type and contains the given substring.  If that's not the case, a
-// non-fatal failure will be generated.
-class GTEST_API_ SingleFailureChecker {
- public:
-  // The constructor remembers the arguments.
-  SingleFailureChecker(const TestPartResultArray* results,
-                       TestPartResult::Type type,
-                       const string& substr);
-  ~SingleFailureChecker();
- private:
-  const TestPartResultArray* const results_;
-  const TestPartResult::Type type_;
-  const string substr_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(SingleFailureChecker);
-};
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-}  // namespace testing
-
-// A set of macros for testing Google Test assertions or code that's expected
-// to generate Google Test fatal failures.  It verifies that the given
-// statement will cause exactly one fatal Google Test failure with 'substr'
-// being part of the failure message.
-//
-// There are two different versions of this macro. EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE only
-// affects and considers failures generated in the current thread and
-// EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS does the same but for all threads.
-//
-// The verification of the assertion is done correctly even when the statement
-// throws an exception or aborts the current function.
-//
-// Known restrictions:
-//   - 'statement' cannot reference local non-static variables or
-//     non-static members of the current object.
-//   - 'statement' cannot return a value.
-//   - You cannot stream a failure message to this macro.
-//
-// Note that even though the implementations of the following two
-// macros are much alike, we cannot refactor them to use a common
-// helper macro, due to some peculiarity in how the preprocessor
-// works.  The AcceptsMacroThatExpandsToUnprotectedComma test in
-// gtest_unittest.cc will fail to compile if we do that.
-#define EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(statement, substr) \
-  do { \
-    class GTestExpectFatalFailureHelper {\
-     public:\
-      static void Execute() { statement; }\
-    };\
-    ::testing::TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;\
-    ::testing::internal::SingleFailureChecker gtest_checker(\
-        &gtest_failures, ::testing::TestPartResult::kFatalFailure, (substr));\
-    {\
-      ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(\
-          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter:: \
-          INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD, &gtest_failures);\
-      GTestExpectFatalFailureHelper::Execute();\
-    }\
-  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
-
-#define EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(statement, substr) \
-  do { \
-    class GTestExpectFatalFailureHelper {\
-     public:\
-      static void Execute() { statement; }\
-    };\
-    ::testing::TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;\
-    ::testing::internal::SingleFailureChecker gtest_checker(\
-        &gtest_failures, ::testing::TestPartResult::kFatalFailure, (substr));\
-    {\
-      ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(\
-          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter:: \
-          INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS, &gtest_failures);\
-      GTestExpectFatalFailureHelper::Execute();\
-    }\
-  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
-
-// A macro for testing Google Test assertions or code that's expected to
-// generate Google Test non-fatal failures.  It asserts that the given
-// statement will cause exactly one non-fatal Google Test failure with 'substr'
-// being part of the failure message.
-//
-// There are two different versions of this macro. EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE only
-// affects and considers failures generated in the current thread and
-// EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS does the same but for all threads.
-//
-// 'statement' is allowed to reference local variables and members of
-// the current object.
-//
-// The verification of the assertion is done correctly even when the statement
-// throws an exception or aborts the current function.
-//
-// Known restrictions:
-//   - You cannot stream a failure message to this macro.
-//
-// Note that even though the implementations of the following two
-// macros are much alike, we cannot refactor them to use a common
-// helper macro, due to some peculiarity in how the preprocessor
-// works.  If we do that, the code won't compile when the user gives
-// EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE() a statement that contains a macro that
-// expands to code containing an unprotected comma.  The
-// AcceptsMacroThatExpandsToUnprotectedComma test in gtest_unittest.cc
-// catches that.
-//
-// For the same reason, we have to write
-//   if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { statement; }
-// instead of
-//   GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement)
-// to avoid an MSVC warning on unreachable code.
-#define EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(statement, substr) \
-  do {\
-    ::testing::TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;\
-    ::testing::internal::SingleFailureChecker gtest_checker(\
-        &gtest_failures, ::testing::TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure, \
-        (substr));\
-    {\
-      ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(\
-          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter:: \
-          INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD, &gtest_failures);\
-      if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { statement; }\
-    }\
-  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
-
-#define EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(statement, substr) \
-  do {\
-    ::testing::TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;\
-    ::testing::internal::SingleFailureChecker gtest_checker(\
-        &gtest_failures, ::testing::TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure, \
-        (substr));\
-    {\
-      ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(\
-          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS, \
-          &gtest_failures);\
-      if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { statement; }\
-    }\
-  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
-
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_SPI_H_
-
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <math.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <wchar.h>
-#include <wctype.h>
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <iomanip>
-#include <limits>
-#include <ostream>  // NOLINT
-#include <sstream>
-#include <vector>
-
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
-
-// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
-// gettimeofday().
-# define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
-
-# include <fcntl.h>  // NOLINT
-# include <limits.h>  // NOLINT
-# include <sched.h>  // NOLINT
-// Declares vsnprintf().  This header is not available on Windows.
-# include <strings.h>  // NOLINT
-# include <sys/mman.h>  // NOLINT
-# include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
-# include <unistd.h>  // NOLINT
-# include <string>
-
-#elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
-# define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
-# include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
-
-#elif GTEST_OS_ZOS
-# define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
-# include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
-
-// On z/OS we additionally need strings.h for strcasecmp.
-# include <strings.h>  // NOLINT
-
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE  // We are on Windows CE.
-
-# include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
-
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  // We are on Windows proper.
-
-# include <io.h>  // NOLINT
-# include <sys/timeb.h>  // NOLINT
-# include <sys/types.h>  // NOLINT
-# include <sys/stat.h>  // NOLINT
-
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
-// MinGW has gettimeofday() but not _ftime64().
-// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
-//   gettimeofday().
-// TODO(kenton@google.com): There are other ways to get the time on
-//   Windows, like GetTickCount() or GetSystemTimeAsFileTime().  MinGW
-//   supports these.  consider using them instead.
-#  define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
-#  include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
-
-// cpplint thinks that the header is already included, so we want to
-// silence it.
-# include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
-
-#else
-
-// Assume other platforms have gettimeofday().
-// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
-//   gettimeofday().
-# define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
-
-// cpplint thinks that the header is already included, so we want to
-// silence it.
-# include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
-# include <unistd.h>  // NOLINT
-
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-# include <stdexcept>
-#endif
-
-#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
-# include <arpa/inet.h>  // NOLINT
-# include <netdb.h>  // NOLINT
-#endif
-
-// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
-// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
-// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
-// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
-// his code.
-#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
-// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-// Utility functions and classes used by the Google C++ testing framework.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-//
-// This file contains purely Google Test's internal implementation.  Please
-// DO NOT #INCLUDE IT IN A USER PROGRAM.
-
-#ifndef GTEST_SRC_GTEST_INTERNAL_INL_H_
-#define GTEST_SRC_GTEST_INTERNAL_INL_H_
-
-// GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ is defined to 1 iff the current translation unit is
-// part of Google Test's implementation; otherwise it's undefined.
-#if !GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
-// A user is trying to include this from his code - just say no.
-# error "gtest-internal-inl.h is part of Google Test's internal implementation."
-# error "It must not be included except by Google Test itself."
-#endif  // GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
-
-#ifndef _WIN32_WCE
-# include <errno.h>
-#endif  // !_WIN32_WCE
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>  // For strtoll/_strtoul64/malloc/free.
-#include <string.h>  // For memmove.
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-
-#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
-# include <arpa/inet.h>  // NOLINT
-# include <netdb.h>  // NOLINT
-#endif
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-# include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-
-namespace testing {
-
-// Declares the flags.
-//
-// We don't want the users to modify this flag in the code, but want
-// Google Test's own unit tests to be able to access it. Therefore we
-// declare it here as opposed to in gtest.h.
-GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(death_test_use_fork);
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// The value of GetTestTypeId() as seen from within the Google Test
-// library.  This is solely for testing GetTestTypeId().
-GTEST_API_ extern const TypeId kTestTypeIdInGoogleTest;
-
-// Names of the flags (needed for parsing Google Test flags).
-const char kAlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag[] = "also_run_disabled_tests";
-const char kBreakOnFailureFlag[] = "break_on_failure";
-const char kCatchExceptionsFlag[] = "catch_exceptions";
-const char kColorFlag[] = "color";
-const char kFilterFlag[] = "filter";
-const char kListTestsFlag[] = "list_tests";
-const char kOutputFlag[] = "output";
-const char kPrintTimeFlag[] = "print_time";
-const char kRandomSeedFlag[] = "random_seed";
-const char kRepeatFlag[] = "repeat";
-const char kShuffleFlag[] = "shuffle";
-const char kStackTraceDepthFlag[] = "stack_trace_depth";
-const char kStreamResultToFlag[] = "stream_result_to";
-const char kThrowOnFailureFlag[] = "throw_on_failure";
-
-// A valid random seed must be in [1, kMaxRandomSeed].
-const int kMaxRandomSeed = 99999;
-
-// g_help_flag is true iff the --help flag or an equivalent form is
-// specified on the command line.
-GTEST_API_ extern bool g_help_flag;
-
-// Returns the current time in milliseconds.
-GTEST_API_ TimeInMillis GetTimeInMillis();
-
-// Returns true iff Google Test should use colors in the output.
-GTEST_API_ bool ShouldUseColor(bool stdout_is_tty);
-
-// Formats the given time in milliseconds as seconds.
-GTEST_API_ std::string FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(TimeInMillis ms);
-
-// Converts the given time in milliseconds to a date string in the ISO 8601
-// format, without the timezone information.  N.B.: due to the use the
-// non-reentrant localtime() function, this function is not thread safe.  Do
-// not use it in any code that can be called from multiple threads.
-GTEST_API_ std::string FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(TimeInMillis ms);
-
-// Parses a string for an Int32 flag, in the form of "--flag=value".
-//
-// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
-// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
-GTEST_API_ bool ParseInt32Flag(
-    const char* str, const char* flag, Int32* value);
-
-// Returns a random seed in range [1, kMaxRandomSeed] based on the
-// given --gtest_random_seed flag value.
-inline int GetRandomSeedFromFlag(Int32 random_seed_flag) {
-  const unsigned int raw_seed = (random_seed_flag == 0) ?
-      static_cast<unsigned int>(GetTimeInMillis()) :
-      static_cast<unsigned int>(random_seed_flag);
-
-  // Normalizes the actual seed to range [1, kMaxRandomSeed] such that
-  // it's easy to type.
-  const int normalized_seed =
-      static_cast<int>((raw_seed - 1U) %
-                       static_cast<unsigned int>(kMaxRandomSeed)) + 1;
-  return normalized_seed;
-}
-
-// Returns the first valid random seed after 'seed'.  The behavior is
-// undefined if 'seed' is invalid.  The seed after kMaxRandomSeed is
-// considered to be 1.
-inline int GetNextRandomSeed(int seed) {
-  GTEST_CHECK_(1 <= seed && seed <= kMaxRandomSeed)
-      << "Invalid random seed " << seed << " - must be in [1, "
-      << kMaxRandomSeed << "].";
-  const int next_seed = seed + 1;
-  return (next_seed > kMaxRandomSeed) ? 1 : next_seed;
-}
-
-// This class saves the values of all Google Test flags in its c'tor, and
-// restores them in its d'tor.
-class GTestFlagSaver {
- public:
-  // The c'tor.
-  GTestFlagSaver() {
-    also_run_disabled_tests_ = GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests);
-    break_on_failure_ = GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure);
-    catch_exceptions_ = GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions);
-    color_ = GTEST_FLAG(color);
-    death_test_style_ = GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style);
-    death_test_use_fork_ = GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork);
-    filter_ = GTEST_FLAG(filter);
-    internal_run_death_test_ = GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test);
-    list_tests_ = GTEST_FLAG(list_tests);
-    output_ = GTEST_FLAG(output);
-    print_time_ = GTEST_FLAG(print_time);
-    random_seed_ = GTEST_FLAG(random_seed);
-    repeat_ = GTEST_FLAG(repeat);
-    shuffle_ = GTEST_FLAG(shuffle);
-    stack_trace_depth_ = GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth);
-    stream_result_to_ = GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to);
-    throw_on_failure_ = GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure);
-  }
-
-  // The d'tor is not virtual.  DO NOT INHERIT FROM THIS CLASS.
-  ~GTestFlagSaver() {
-    GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests) = also_run_disabled_tests_;
-    GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure) = break_on_failure_;
-    GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) = catch_exceptions_;
-    GTEST_FLAG(color) = color_;
-    GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = death_test_style_;
-    GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork) = death_test_use_fork_;
-    GTEST_FLAG(filter) = filter_;
-    GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) = internal_run_death_test_;
-    GTEST_FLAG(list_tests) = list_tests_;
-    GTEST_FLAG(output) = output_;
-    GTEST_FLAG(print_time) = print_time_;
-    GTEST_FLAG(random_seed) = random_seed_;
-    GTEST_FLAG(repeat) = repeat_;
-    GTEST_FLAG(shuffle) = shuffle_;
-    GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth) = stack_trace_depth_;
-    GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to) = stream_result_to_;
-    GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = throw_on_failure_;
-  }
-
- private:
-  // Fields for saving the original values of flags.
-  bool also_run_disabled_tests_;
-  bool break_on_failure_;
-  bool catch_exceptions_;
-  std::string color_;
-  std::string death_test_style_;
-  bool death_test_use_fork_;
-  std::string filter_;
-  std::string internal_run_death_test_;
-  bool list_tests_;
-  std::string output_;
-  bool print_time_;
-  internal::Int32 random_seed_;
-  internal::Int32 repeat_;
-  bool shuffle_;
-  internal::Int32 stack_trace_depth_;
-  std::string stream_result_to_;
-  bool throw_on_failure_;
-} GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;
-
-// Converts a Unicode code point to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
-// code_point parameter is of type UInt32 because wchar_t may not be
-// wide enough to contain a code point.
-// If the code_point is not a valid Unicode code point
-// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be converted
-// to "(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)".
-GTEST_API_ std::string CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point);
-
-// Converts a wide string to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
-// The wide string is assumed to have the following encoding:
-//   UTF-16 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 (on Windows, Cygwin, Symbian OS)
-//   UTF-32 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 4 (on Linux)
-// Parameter str points to a null-terminated wide string.
-// Parameter num_chars may additionally limit the number
-// of wchar_t characters processed. -1 is used when the entire string
-// should be processed.
-// If the string contains code points that are not valid Unicode code points
-// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) they will be output
-// as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'. If the string is in UTF16 encoding
-// and contains invalid UTF-16 surrogate pairs, values in those pairs
-// will be encoded as individual Unicode characters from Basic Normal Plane.
-GTEST_API_ std::string WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* str, int num_chars);
-
-// Reads the GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE environment variable, and creates the file
-// if the variable is present. If a file already exists at this location, this
-// function will write over it. If the variable is present, but the file cannot
-// be created, prints an error and exits.
-void WriteToShardStatusFileIfNeeded();
-
-// Checks whether sharding is enabled by examining the relevant
-// environment variable values. If the variables are present,
-// but inconsistent (e.g., shard_index >= total_shards), prints
-// an error and exits. If in_subprocess_for_death_test, sharding is
-// disabled because it must only be applied to the original test
-// process. Otherwise, we could filter out death tests we intended to execute.
-GTEST_API_ bool ShouldShard(const char* total_shards_str,
-                            const char* shard_index_str,
-                            bool in_subprocess_for_death_test);
-
-// Parses the environment variable var as an Int32. If it is unset,
-// returns default_val. If it is not an Int32, prints an error and
-// and aborts.
-GTEST_API_ Int32 Int32FromEnvOrDie(const char* env_var, Int32 default_val);
-
-// Given the total number of shards, the shard index, and the test id,
-// returns true iff the test should be run on this shard. The test id is
-// some arbitrary but unique non-negative integer assigned to each test
-// method. Assumes that 0 <= shard_index < total_shards.
-GTEST_API_ bool ShouldRunTestOnShard(
-    int total_shards, int shard_index, int test_id);
-
-// STL container utilities.
-
-// Returns the number of elements in the given container that satisfy
-// the given predicate.
-template <class Container, typename Predicate>
-inline int CountIf(const Container& c, Predicate predicate) {
-  // Implemented as an explicit loop since std::count_if() in libCstd on
-  // Solaris has a non-standard signature.
-  int count = 0;
-  for (typename Container::const_iterator it = c.begin(); it != c.end(); ++it) {
-    if (predicate(*it))
-      ++count;
-  }
-  return count;
-}
-
-// Applies a function/functor to each element in the container.
-template <class Container, typename Functor>
-void ForEach(const Container& c, Functor functor) {
-  std::for_each(c.begin(), c.end(), functor);
-}
-
-// Returns the i-th element of the vector, or default_value if i is not
-// in range [0, v.size()).
-template <typename E>
-inline E GetElementOr(const std::vector<E>& v, int i, E default_value) {
-  return (i < 0 || i >= static_cast<int>(v.size())) ? default_value : v[i];
-}
-
-// Performs an in-place shuffle of a range of the vector's elements.
-// 'begin' and 'end' are element indices as an STL-style range;
-// i.e. [begin, end) are shuffled, where 'end' == size() means to
-// shuffle to the end of the vector.
-template <typename E>
-void ShuffleRange(internal::Random* random, int begin, int end,
-                  std::vector<E>* v) {
-  const int size = static_cast<int>(v->size());
-  GTEST_CHECK_(0 <= begin && begin <= size)
-      << "Invalid shuffle range start " << begin << ": must be in range [0, "
-      << size << "].";
-  GTEST_CHECK_(begin <= end && end <= size)
-      << "Invalid shuffle range finish " << end << ": must be in range ["
-      << begin << ", " << size << "].";
-
-  // Fisher-Yates shuffle, from
-  // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle
-  for (int range_width = end - begin; range_width >= 2; range_width--) {
-    const int last_in_range = begin + range_width - 1;
-    const int selected = begin + random->Generate(range_width);
-    std::swap((*v)[selected], (*v)[last_in_range]);
-  }
-}
-
-// Performs an in-place shuffle of the vector's elements.
-template <typename E>
-inline void Shuffle(internal::Random* random, std::vector<E>* v) {
-  ShuffleRange(random, 0, static_cast<int>(v->size()), v);
-}
-
-// A function for deleting an object.  Handy for being used as a
-// functor.
-template <typename T>
-static void Delete(T* x) {
-  delete x;
-}
-
-// A predicate that checks the key of a TestProperty against a known key.
-//
-// TestPropertyKeyIs is copyable.
-class TestPropertyKeyIs {
- public:
-  // Constructor.
-  //
-  // TestPropertyKeyIs has NO default constructor.
-  explicit TestPropertyKeyIs(const std::string& key) : key_(key) {}
-
-  // Returns true iff the test name of test property matches on key_.
-  bool operator()(const TestProperty& test_property) const {
-    return test_property.key() == key_;
-  }
-
- private:
-  std::string key_;
-};
-
-// Class UnitTestOptions.
-//
-// This class contains functions for processing options the user
-// specifies when running the tests.  It has only static members.
-//
-// In most cases, the user can specify an option using either an
-// environment variable or a command line flag.  E.g. you can set the
-// test filter using either GTEST_FILTER or --gtest_filter.  If both
-// the variable and the flag are present, the latter overrides the
-// former.
-class GTEST_API_ UnitTestOptions {
- public:
-  // Functions for processing the gtest_output flag.
-
-  // Returns the output format, or "" for normal printed output.
-  static std::string GetOutputFormat();
-
-  // Returns the absolute path of the requested output file, or the
-  // default (test_detail.xml in the original working directory) if
-  // none was explicitly specified.
-  static std::string GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile();
-
-  // Functions for processing the gtest_filter flag.
-
-  // Returns true iff the wildcard pattern matches the string.  The
-  // first ':' or '\0' character in pattern marks the end of it.
-  //
-  // This recursive algorithm isn't very efficient, but is clear and
-  // works well enough for matching test names, which are short.
-  static bool PatternMatchesString(const char *pattern, const char *str);
-
-  // Returns true iff the user-specified filter matches the test case
-  // name and the test name.
-  static bool FilterMatchesTest(const std::string &test_case_name,
-                                const std::string &test_name);
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-  // Function for supporting the gtest_catch_exception flag.
-
-  // Returns EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER if Google Test should handle the
-  // given SEH exception, or EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH otherwise.
-  // This function is useful as an __except condition.
-  static int GTestShouldProcessSEH(DWORD exception_code);
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-  // Returns true if "name" matches the ':' separated list of glob-style
-  // filters in "filter".
-  static bool MatchesFilter(const std::string& name, const char* filter);
-};
-
-// Returns the current application's name, removing directory path if that
-// is present.  Used by UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFile.
-GTEST_API_ FilePath GetCurrentExecutableName();
-
-// The role interface for getting the OS stack trace as a string.
-class OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
- public:
-  OsStackTraceGetterInterface() {}
-  virtual ~OsStackTraceGetterInterface() {}
-
-  // Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.  Parameters:
-  //
-  //   max_depth  - the maximum number of stack frames to be included
-  //                in the trace.
-  //   skip_count - the number of top frames to be skipped; doesn't count
-  //                against max_depth.
-  virtual string CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count) = 0;
-
-  // UponLeavingGTest() should be called immediately before Google Test calls
-  // user code. It saves some information about the current stack that
-  // CurrentStackTrace() will use to find and hide Google Test stack frames.
-  virtual void UponLeavingGTest() = 0;
-
- private:
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(OsStackTraceGetterInterface);
-};
-
-// A working implementation of the OsStackTraceGetterInterface interface.
-class OsStackTraceGetter : public OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
- public:
-  OsStackTraceGetter() : caller_frame_(NULL) {}
-
-  virtual string CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count)
-      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
-
-  virtual void UponLeavingGTest() GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
-
-  // This string is inserted in place of stack frames that are part of
-  // Google Test's implementation.
-  static const char* const kElidedFramesMarker;
-
- private:
-  Mutex mutex_;  // protects all internal state
-
-  // We save the stack frame below the frame that calls user code.
-  // We do this because the address of the frame immediately below
-  // the user code changes between the call to UponLeavingGTest()
-  // and any calls to CurrentStackTrace() from within the user code.
-  void* caller_frame_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(OsStackTraceGetter);
-};
-
-// Information about a Google Test trace point.
-struct TraceInfo {
-  const char* file;
-  int line;
-  std::string message;
-};
-
-// This is the default global test part result reporter used in UnitTestImpl.
-// This class should only be used by UnitTestImpl.
-class DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter
-  : public TestPartResultReporterInterface {
- public:
-  explicit DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter(UnitTestImpl* unit_test);
-  // Implements the TestPartResultReporterInterface. Reports the test part
-  // result in the current test.
-  virtual void ReportTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& result);
-
- private:
-  UnitTestImpl* const unit_test_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter);
-};
-
-// This is the default per thread test part result reporter used in
-// UnitTestImpl. This class should only be used by UnitTestImpl.
-class DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter
-    : public TestPartResultReporterInterface {
- public:
-  explicit DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter(UnitTestImpl* unit_test);
-  // Implements the TestPartResultReporterInterface. The implementation just
-  // delegates to the current global test part result reporter of *unit_test_.
-  virtual void ReportTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& result);
-
- private:
-  UnitTestImpl* const unit_test_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter);
-};
-
-// The private implementation of the UnitTest class.  We don't protect
-// the methods under a mutex, as this class is not accessible by a
-// user and the UnitTest class that delegates work to this class does
-// proper locking.
-class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
- public:
-  explicit UnitTestImpl(UnitTest* parent);
-  virtual ~UnitTestImpl();
-
-  // There are two different ways to register your own TestPartResultReporter.
-  // You can register your own repoter to listen either only for test results
-  // from the current thread or for results from all threads.
-  // By default, each per-thread test result repoter just passes a new
-  // TestPartResult to the global test result reporter, which registers the
-  // test part result for the currently running test.
-
-  // Returns the global test part result reporter.
-  TestPartResultReporterInterface* GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter();
-
-  // Sets the global test part result reporter.
-  void SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(
-      TestPartResultReporterInterface* reporter);
-
-  // Returns the test part result reporter for the current thread.
-  TestPartResultReporterInterface* GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread();
-
-  // Sets the test part result reporter for the current thread.
-  void SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(
-      TestPartResultReporterInterface* reporter);
-
-  // Gets the number of successful test cases.
-  int successful_test_case_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of failed test cases.
-  int failed_test_case_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of all test cases.
-  int total_test_case_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of all test cases that contain at least one test
-  // that should run.
-  int test_case_to_run_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of successful tests.
-  int successful_test_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of failed tests.
-  int failed_test_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
-  int reportable_disabled_test_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of disabled tests.
-  int disabled_test_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
-  int reportable_test_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of all tests.
-  int total_test_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of tests that should run.
-  int test_to_run_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
-  // UNIX epoch.
-  TimeInMillis start_timestamp() const { return start_timestamp_; }
-
-  // Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
-  TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const { return elapsed_time_; }
-
-  // Returns true iff the unit test passed (i.e. all test cases passed).
-  bool Passed() const { return !Failed(); }
-
-  // Returns true iff the unit test failed (i.e. some test case failed
-  // or something outside of all tests failed).
-  bool Failed() const {
-    return failed_test_case_count() > 0 || ad_hoc_test_result()->Failed();
-  }
-
-  // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
-  // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
-  const TestCase* GetTestCase(int i) const {
-    const int index = GetElementOr(test_case_indices_, i, -1);
-    return index < 0 ? NULL : test_cases_[i];
-  }
-
-  // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
-  // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
-  TestCase* GetMutableTestCase(int i) {
-    const int index = GetElementOr(test_case_indices_, i, -1);
-    return index < 0 ? NULL : test_cases_[index];
-  }
-
-  // Provides access to the event listener list.
-  TestEventListeners* listeners() { return &listeners_; }
-
-  // Returns the TestResult for the test that's currently running, or
-  // the TestResult for the ad hoc test if no test is running.
-  TestResult* current_test_result();
-
-  // Returns the TestResult for the ad hoc test.
-  const TestResult* ad_hoc_test_result() const { return &ad_hoc_test_result_; }
-
-  // Sets the OS stack trace getter.
-  //
-  // Does nothing if the input and the current OS stack trace getter
-  // are the same; otherwise, deletes the old getter and makes the
-  // input the current getter.
-  void set_os_stack_trace_getter(OsStackTraceGetterInterface* getter);
-
-  // Returns the current OS stack trace getter if it is not NULL;
-  // otherwise, creates an OsStackTraceGetter, makes it the current
-  // getter, and returns it.
-  OsStackTraceGetterInterface* os_stack_trace_getter();
-
-  // Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
-  //
-  // The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
-  // the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
-  // specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
-  // count against the number of frames to be included.
-  //
-  // For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
-  // CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1), Foo() will be included in the
-  // trace but Bar() and CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
-  std::string CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;
-
-  // Finds and returns a TestCase with the given name.  If one doesn't
-  // exist, creates one and returns it.
-  //
-  // Arguments:
-  //
-  //   test_case_name: name of the test case
-  //   type_param:     the name of the test's type parameter, or NULL if
-  //                   this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test.
-  //   set_up_tc:      pointer to the function that sets up the test case
-  //   tear_down_tc:   pointer to the function that tears down the test case
-  TestCase* GetTestCase(const char* test_case_name,
-                        const char* type_param,
-                        Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
-                        Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc);
-
-  // Adds a TestInfo to the unit test.
-  //
-  // Arguments:
-  //
-  //   set_up_tc:    pointer to the function that sets up the test case
-  //   tear_down_tc: pointer to the function that tears down the test case
-  //   test_info:    the TestInfo object
-  void AddTestInfo(Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
-                   Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc,
-                   TestInfo* test_info) {
-    // In order to support thread-safe death tests, we need to
-    // remember the original working directory when the test program
-    // was first invoked.  We cannot do this in RUN_ALL_TESTS(), as
-    // the user may have changed the current directory before calling
-    // RUN_ALL_TESTS().  Therefore we capture the current directory in
-    // AddTestInfo(), which is called to register a TEST or TEST_F
-    // before main() is reached.
-    if (original_working_dir_.IsEmpty()) {
-      original_working_dir_.Set(FilePath::GetCurrentDir());
-      GTEST_CHECK_(!original_working_dir_.IsEmpty())
-          << "Failed to get the current working directory.";
-    }
-
-    GetTestCase(test_info->test_case_name(),
-                test_info->type_param(),
-                set_up_tc,
-                tear_down_tc)->AddTestInfo(test_info);
-  }
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-  // Returns ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry object used to keep track of
-  // value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
-  internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry& parameterized_test_registry() {
-    return parameterized_test_registry_;
-  }
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
-  // Sets the TestCase object for the test that's currently running.
-  void set_current_test_case(TestCase* a_current_test_case) {
-    current_test_case_ = a_current_test_case;
-  }
-
-  // Sets the TestInfo object for the test that's currently running.  If
-  // current_test_info is NULL, the assertion results will be stored in
-  // ad_hoc_test_result_.
-  void set_current_test_info(TestInfo* a_current_test_info) {
-    current_test_info_ = a_current_test_info;
-  }
-
-  // Registers all parameterized tests defined using TEST_P and
-  // INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P, creating regular tests for each test/parameter
-  // combination. This method can be called more then once; it has guards
-  // protecting from registering the tests more then once.  If
-  // value-parameterized tests are disabled, RegisterParameterizedTests is
-  // present but does nothing.
-  void RegisterParameterizedTests();
-
-  // Runs all tests in this UnitTest object, prints the result, and
-  // returns true if all tests are successful.  If any exception is
-  // thrown during a test, this test is considered to be failed, but
-  // the rest of the tests will still be run.
-  bool RunAllTests();
-
-  // Clears the results of all tests, except the ad hoc tests.
-  void ClearNonAdHocTestResult() {
-    ForEach(test_cases_, TestCase::ClearTestCaseResult);
-  }
-
-  // Clears the results of ad-hoc test assertions.
-  void ClearAdHocTestResult() {
-    ad_hoc_test_result_.Clear();
-  }
-
-  // Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked in a
-  // context of a test or a test case, or to the global property set. If the
-  // result already contains a property with the same key, the value will be
-  // updated.
-  void RecordProperty(const TestProperty& test_property);
-
-  enum ReactionToSharding {
-    HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL,
-    IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL
-  };
-
-  // Matches the full name of each test against the user-specified
-  // filter to decide whether the test should run, then records the
-  // result in each TestCase and TestInfo object.
-  // If shard_tests == HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL, further filters tests
-  // based on sharding variables in the environment.
-  // Returns the number of tests that should run.
-  int FilterTests(ReactionToSharding shard_tests);
-
-  // Prints the names of the tests matching the user-specified filter flag.
-  void ListTestsMatchingFilter();
-
-  const TestCase* current_test_case() const { return current_test_case_; }
-  TestInfo* current_test_info() { return current_test_info_; }
-  const TestInfo* current_test_info() const { return current_test_info_; }
-
-  // Returns the vector of environments that need to be set-up/torn-down
-  // before/after the tests are run.
-  std::vector<Environment*>& environments() { return environments_; }
-
-  // Getters for the per-thread Google Test trace stack.
-  std::vector<TraceInfo>& gtest_trace_stack() {
-    return *(gtest_trace_stack_.pointer());
-  }
-  const std::vector<TraceInfo>& gtest_trace_stack() const {
-    return gtest_trace_stack_.get();
-  }
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-  void InitDeathTestSubprocessControlInfo() {
-    internal_run_death_test_flag_.reset(ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag());
-  }
-  // Returns a pointer to the parsed --gtest_internal_run_death_test
-  // flag, or NULL if that flag was not specified.
-  // This information is useful only in a death test child process.
-  // Must not be called before a call to InitGoogleTest.
-  const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* internal_run_death_test_flag() const {
-    return internal_run_death_test_flag_.get();
-  }
-
-  // Returns a pointer to the current death test factory.
-  internal::DeathTestFactory* death_test_factory() {
-    return death_test_factory_.get();
-  }
-
-  void SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess();
-
-  friend class ReplaceDeathTestFactory;
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-  // Initializes the event listener performing XML output as specified by
-  // UnitTestOptions. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
-  void ConfigureXmlOutput();
-
-#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
-  // Initializes the event listener for streaming test results to a socket.
-  // Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
-  void ConfigureStreamingOutput();
-#endif
-
-  // Performs initialization dependent upon flag values obtained in
-  // ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly.  Is called from InitGoogleTest after the call to
-  // ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly.  In case a user neglects to call InitGoogleTest
-  // this function is also called from RunAllTests.  Since this function can be
-  // called more than once, it has to be idempotent.
-  void PostFlagParsingInit();
-
-  // Gets the random seed used at the start of the current test iteration.
-  int random_seed() const { return random_seed_; }
-
-  // Gets the random number generator.
-  internal::Random* random() { return &random_; }
-
-  // Shuffles all test cases, and the tests within each test case,
-  // making sure that death tests are still run first.
-  void ShuffleTests();
-
-  // Restores the test cases and tests to their order before the first shuffle.
-  void UnshuffleTests();
-
-  // Returns the value of GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) at the moment
-  // UnitTest::Run() starts.
-  bool catch_exceptions() const { return catch_exceptions_; }
-
- private:
-  friend class ::testing::UnitTest;
-
-  // Used by UnitTest::Run() to capture the state of
-  // GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) at the moment it starts.
-  void set_catch_exceptions(bool value) { catch_exceptions_ = value; }
-
-  // The UnitTest object that owns this implementation object.
-  UnitTest* const parent_;
-
-  // The working directory when the first TEST() or TEST_F() was
-  // executed.
-  internal::FilePath original_working_dir_;
-
-  // The default test part result reporters.
-  DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter default_global_test_part_result_reporter_;
-  DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter
-      default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_;
-
-  // Points to (but doesn't own) the global test part result reporter.
-  TestPartResultReporterInterface* global_test_part_result_repoter_;
-
-  // Protects read and write access to global_test_part_result_reporter_.
-  internal::Mutex global_test_part_result_reporter_mutex_;
-
-  // Points to (but doesn't own) the per-thread test part result reporter.
-  internal::ThreadLocal<TestPartResultReporterInterface*>
-      per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_;
-
-  // The vector of environments that need to be set-up/torn-down
-  // before/after the tests are run.
-  std::vector<Environment*> environments_;
-
-  // The vector of TestCases in their original order.  It owns the
-  // elements in the vector.
-  std::vector<TestCase*> test_cases_;
-
-  // Provides a level of indirection for the test case list to allow
-  // easy shuffling and restoring the test case order.  The i-th
-  // element of this vector is the index of the i-th test case in the
-  // shuffled order.
-  std::vector<int> test_case_indices_;
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-  // ParameterizedTestRegistry object used to register value-parameterized
-  // tests.
-  internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry parameterized_test_registry_;
-
-  // Indicates whether RegisterParameterizedTests() has been called already.
-  bool parameterized_tests_registered_;
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
-  // Index of the last death test case registered.  Initially -1.
-  int last_death_test_case_;
-
-  // This points to the TestCase for the currently running test.  It
-  // changes as Google Test goes through one test case after another.
-  // When no test is running, this is set to NULL and Google Test
-  // stores assertion results in ad_hoc_test_result_.  Initially NULL.
-  TestCase* current_test_case_;
-
-  // This points to the TestInfo for the currently running test.  It
-  // changes as Google Test goes through one test after another.  When
-  // no test is running, this is set to NULL and Google Test stores
-  // assertion results in ad_hoc_test_result_.  Initially NULL.
-  TestInfo* current_test_info_;
-
-  // Normally, a user only writes assertions inside a TEST or TEST_F,
-  // or inside a function called by a TEST or TEST_F.  Since Google
-  // Test keeps track of which test is current running, it can
-  // associate such an assertion with the test it belongs to.
-  //
-  // If an assertion is encountered when no TEST or TEST_F is running,
-  // Google Test attributes the assertion result to an imaginary "ad hoc"
-  // test, and records the result in ad_hoc_test_result_.
-  TestResult ad_hoc_test_result_;
-
-  // The list of event listeners that can be used to track events inside
-  // Google Test.
-  TestEventListeners listeners_;
-
-  // The OS stack trace getter.  Will be deleted when the UnitTest
-  // object is destructed.  By default, an OsStackTraceGetter is used,
-  // but the user can set this field to use a custom getter if that is
-  // desired.
-  OsStackTraceGetterInterface* os_stack_trace_getter_;
-
-  // True iff PostFlagParsingInit() has been called.
-  bool post_flag_parse_init_performed_;
-
-  // The random number seed used at the beginning of the test run.
-  int random_seed_;
-
-  // Our random number generator.
-  internal::Random random_;
-
-  // The time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
-  // UNIX epoch.
-  TimeInMillis start_timestamp_;
-
-  // How long the test took to run, in milliseconds.
-  TimeInMillis elapsed_time_;
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-  // The decomposed components of the gtest_internal_run_death_test flag,
-  // parsed when RUN_ALL_TESTS is called.
-  internal::scoped_ptr<InternalRunDeathTestFlag> internal_run_death_test_flag_;
-  internal::scoped_ptr<internal::DeathTestFactory> death_test_factory_;
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-  // A per-thread stack of traces created by the SCOPED_TRACE() macro.
-  internal::ThreadLocal<std::vector<TraceInfo> > gtest_trace_stack_;
-
-  // The value of GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) at the moment RunAllTests()
-  // starts.
-  bool catch_exceptions_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(UnitTestImpl);
-};  // class UnitTestImpl
-
-// Convenience function for accessing the global UnitTest
-// implementation object.
-inline UnitTestImpl* GetUnitTestImpl() {
-  return UnitTest::GetInstance()->impl();
-}
-
-#if GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
-
-// Internal helper functions for implementing the simple regular
-// expression matcher.
-GTEST_API_ bool IsInSet(char ch, const char* str);
-GTEST_API_ bool IsAsciiDigit(char ch);
-GTEST_API_ bool IsAsciiPunct(char ch);
-GTEST_API_ bool IsRepeat(char ch);
-GTEST_API_ bool IsAsciiWhiteSpace(char ch);
-GTEST_API_ bool IsAsciiWordChar(char ch);
-GTEST_API_ bool IsValidEscape(char ch);
-GTEST_API_ bool AtomMatchesChar(bool escaped, char pattern, char ch);
-GTEST_API_ bool ValidateRegex(const char* regex);
-GTEST_API_ bool MatchRegexAtHead(const char* regex, const char* str);
-GTEST_API_ bool MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(
-    bool escaped, char ch, char repeat, const char* regex, const char* str);
-GTEST_API_ bool MatchRegexAnywhere(const char* regex, const char* str);
-
-#endif  // GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
-
-// Parses the command line for Google Test flags, without initializing
-// other parts of Google Test.
-GTEST_API_ void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, char** argv);
-GTEST_API_ void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, wchar_t** argv);
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-// Returns the message describing the last system error, regardless of the
-// platform.
-GTEST_API_ std::string GetLastErrnoDescription();
-
-// Attempts to parse a string into a positive integer pointed to by the
-// number parameter.  Returns true if that is possible.
-// GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have ::std::string, so we can use
-// it here.
-template <typename Integer>
-bool ParseNaturalNumber(const ::std::string& str, Integer* number) {
-  // Fail fast if the given string does not begin with a digit;
-  // this bypasses strtoXXX's "optional leading whitespace and plus
-  // or minus sign" semantics, which are undesirable here.
-  if (str.empty() || !IsDigit(str[0])) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  errno = 0;
-
-  char* end;
-  // BiggestConvertible is the largest integer type that system-provided
-  // string-to-number conversion routines can return.
-
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !defined(__GNUC__)
-
-  // MSVC and C++ Builder define __int64 instead of the standard long long.
-  typedef unsigned __int64 BiggestConvertible;
-  const BiggestConvertible parsed = _strtoui64(str.c_str(), &end, 10);
-
-# else
-
-  typedef unsigned long long BiggestConvertible;  // NOLINT
-  const BiggestConvertible parsed = strtoull(str.c_str(), &end, 10);
-
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !defined(__GNUC__)
-
-  const bool parse_success = *end == '\0' && errno == 0;
-
-  // TODO(vladl@google.com): Convert this to compile time assertion when it is
-  // available.
-  GTEST_CHECK_(sizeof(Integer) <= sizeof(parsed));
-
-  const Integer result = static_cast<Integer>(parsed);
-  if (parse_success && static_cast<BiggestConvertible>(result) == parsed) {
-    *number = result;
-    return true;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-// TestResult contains some private methods that should be hidden from
-// Google Test user but are required for testing. This class allow our tests
-// to access them.
-//
-// This class is supplied only for the purpose of testing Google Test's own
-// constructs. Do not use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
-class TestResultAccessor {
- public:
-  static void RecordProperty(TestResult* test_result,
-                             const std::string& xml_element,
-                             const TestProperty& property) {
-    test_result->RecordProperty(xml_element, property);
-  }
-
-  static void ClearTestPartResults(TestResult* test_result) {
-    test_result->ClearTestPartResults();
-  }
-
-  static const std::vector<testing::TestPartResult>& test_part_results(
-      const TestResult& test_result) {
-    return test_result.test_part_results();
-  }
-};
-
-#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
-
-// Streams test results to the given port on the given host machine.
-class StreamingListener : public EmptyTestEventListener {
- public:
-  // Abstract base class for writing strings to a socket.
-  class AbstractSocketWriter {
-   public:
-    virtual ~AbstractSocketWriter() {}
-
-    // Sends a string to the socket.
-    virtual void Send(const string& message) = 0;
-
-    // Closes the socket.
-    virtual void CloseConnection() {}
-
-    // Sends a string and a newline to the socket.
-    void SendLn(const string& message) {
-      Send(message + "\n");
-    }
-  };
-
-  // Concrete class for actually writing strings to a socket.
-  class SocketWriter : public AbstractSocketWriter {
-   public:
-    SocketWriter(const string& host, const string& port)
-        : sockfd_(-1), host_name_(host), port_num_(port) {
-      MakeConnection();
-    }
-
-    virtual ~SocketWriter() {
-      if (sockfd_ != -1)
-        CloseConnection();
-    }
-
-    // Sends a string to the socket.
-    virtual void Send(const string& message) {
-      GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ != -1)
-          << "Send() can be called only when there is a connection.";
-
-      const int len = static_cast<int>(message.length());
-      if (write(sockfd_, message.c_str(), len) != len) {
-        GTEST_LOG_(WARNING)
-            << "stream_result_to: failed to stream to "
-            << host_name_ << ":" << port_num_;
-      }
-    }
-
-   private:
-    // Creates a client socket and connects to the server.
-    void MakeConnection();
-
-    // Closes the socket.
-    void CloseConnection() {
-      GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ != -1)
-          << "CloseConnection() can be called only when there is a connection.";
-
-      close(sockfd_);
-      sockfd_ = -1;
-    }
-
-    int sockfd_;  // socket file descriptor
-    const string host_name_;
-    const string port_num_;
-
-    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(SocketWriter);
-  };  // class SocketWriter
-
-  // Escapes '=', '&', '%', and '\n' characters in str as "%xx".
-  static string UrlEncode(const char* str);
-
-  StreamingListener(const string& host, const string& port)
-      : socket_writer_(new SocketWriter(host, port)) { Start(); }
-
-  explicit StreamingListener(AbstractSocketWriter* socket_writer)
-      : socket_writer_(socket_writer) { Start(); }
-
-  void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /* unit_test */) {
-    SendLn("event=TestProgramStart");
-  }
-
-  void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) {
-    // Note that Google Test current only report elapsed time for each
-    // test iteration, not for the entire test program.
-    SendLn("event=TestProgramEnd&passed=" + FormatBool(unit_test.Passed()));
-
-    // Notify the streaming server to stop.
-    socket_writer_->CloseConnection();
-  }
-
-  void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& /* unit_test */, int iteration) {
-    SendLn("event=TestIterationStart&iteration=" +
-           StreamableToString(iteration));
-  }
-
-  void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int /* iteration */) {
-    SendLn("event=TestIterationEnd&passed=" +
-           FormatBool(unit_test.Passed()) + "&elapsed_time=" +
-           StreamableToString(unit_test.elapsed_time()) + "ms");
-  }
-
-  void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case) {
-    SendLn(std::string("event=TestCaseStart&name=") + test_case.name());
-  }
-
-  void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case) {
-    SendLn("event=TestCaseEnd&passed=" + FormatBool(test_case.Passed())
-           + "&elapsed_time=" + StreamableToString(test_case.elapsed_time())
-           + "ms");
-  }
-
-  void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) {
-    SendLn(std::string("event=TestStart&name=") + test_info.name());
-  }
-
-  void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) {
-    SendLn("event=TestEnd&passed=" +
-           FormatBool((test_info.result())->Passed()) +
-           "&elapsed_time=" +
-           StreamableToString((test_info.result())->elapsed_time()) + "ms");
-  }
-
-  void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
-    const char* file_name = test_part_result.file_name();
-    if (file_name == NULL)
-      file_name = "";
-    SendLn("event=TestPartResult&file=" + UrlEncode(file_name) +
-           "&line=" + StreamableToString(test_part_result.line_number()) +
-           "&message=" + UrlEncode(test_part_result.message()));
-  }
-
- private:
-  // Sends the given message and a newline to the socket.
-  void SendLn(const string& message) { socket_writer_->SendLn(message); }
-
-  // Called at the start of streaming to notify the receiver what
-  // protocol we are using.
-  void Start() { SendLn("gtest_streaming_protocol_version=1.0"); }
-
-  string FormatBool(bool value) { return value ? "1" : "0"; }
-
-  const scoped_ptr<AbstractSocketWriter> socket_writer_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(StreamingListener);
-};  // class StreamingListener
-
-#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
-
-}  // namespace internal
-}  // namespace testing
-
-#endif  // GTEST_SRC_GTEST_INTERNAL_INL_H_
-#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-# define vsnprintf _vsnprintf
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-namespace testing {
-
-using internal::CountIf;
-using internal::ForEach;
-using internal::GetElementOr;
-using internal::Shuffle;
-
-// Constants.
-
-// A test whose test case name or test name matches this filter is
-// disabled and not run.
-static const char kDisableTestFilter[] = "DISABLED_*:*/DISABLED_*";
-
-// A test case whose name matches this filter is considered a death
-// test case and will be run before test cases whose name doesn't
-// match this filter.
-static const char kDeathTestCaseFilter[] = "*DeathTest:*DeathTest/*";
-
-// A test filter that matches everything.
-static const char kUniversalFilter[] = "*";
-
-// The default output file for XML output.
-static const char kDefaultOutputFile[] = "test_detail.xml";
-
-// The environment variable name for the test shard index.
-static const char kTestShardIndex[] = "GTEST_SHARD_INDEX";
-// The environment variable name for the total number of test shards.
-static const char kTestTotalShards[] = "GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS";
-// The environment variable name for the test shard status file.
-static const char kTestShardStatusFile[] = "GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE";
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// The text used in failure messages to indicate the start of the
-// stack trace.
-const char kStackTraceMarker[] = "\nStack trace:\n";
-
-// g_help_flag is true iff the --help flag or an equivalent form is
-// specified on the command line.
-bool g_help_flag = false;
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-static const char* GetDefaultFilter() {
-  return kUniversalFilter;
-}
-
-GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
-    also_run_disabled_tests,
-    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("also_run_disabled_tests", false),
-    "Run disabled tests too, in addition to the tests normally being run.");
-
-GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
-    break_on_failure,
-    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("break_on_failure", false),
-    "True iff a failed assertion should be a debugger break-point.");
-
-GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
-    catch_exceptions,
-    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("catch_exceptions", true),
-    "True iff " GTEST_NAME_
-    " should catch exceptions and treat them as test failures.");
-
-GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
-    color,
-    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("color", "auto"),
-    "Whether to use colors in the output.  Valid values: yes, no, "
-    "and auto.  'auto' means to use colors if the output is "
-    "being sent to a terminal and the TERM environment variable "
-    "is set to a terminal type that supports colors.");
-
-GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
-    filter,
-    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("filter", GetDefaultFilter()),
-    "A colon-separated list of glob (not regex) patterns "
-    "for filtering the tests to run, optionally followed by a "
-    "'-' and a : separated list of negative patterns (tests to "
-    "exclude).  A test is run if it matches one of the positive "
-    "patterns and does not match any of the negative patterns.");
-
-GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(list_tests, false,
-                   "List all tests without running them.");
-
-GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
-    output,
-    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("output", ""),
-    "A format (currently must be \"xml\"), optionally followed "
-    "by a colon and an output file name or directory. A directory "
-    "is indicated by a trailing pathname separator. "
-    "Examples: \"xml:filename.xml\", \"xml::directoryname/\". "
-    "If a directory is specified, output files will be created "
-    "within that directory, with file-names based on the test "
-    "executable's name and, if necessary, made unique by adding "
-    "digits.");
-
-GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
-    print_time,
-    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("print_time", true),
-    "True iff " GTEST_NAME_
-    " should display elapsed time in text output.");
-
-GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
-    random_seed,
-    internal::Int32FromGTestEnv("random_seed", 0),
-    "Random number seed to use when shuffling test orders.  Must be in range "
-    "[1, 99999], or 0 to use a seed based on the current time.");
-
-GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
-    repeat,
-    internal::Int32FromGTestEnv("repeat", 1),
-    "How many times to repeat each test.  Specify a negative number "
-    "for repeating forever.  Useful for shaking out flaky tests.");
-
-GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
-    show_internal_stack_frames, false,
-    "True iff " GTEST_NAME_ " should include internal stack frames when "
-    "printing test failure stack traces.");
-
-GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
-    shuffle,
-    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("shuffle", false),
-    "True iff " GTEST_NAME_
-    " should randomize tests' order on every run.");
-
-GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
-    stack_trace_depth,
-    internal::Int32FromGTestEnv("stack_trace_depth", kMaxStackTraceDepth),
-    "The maximum number of stack frames to print when an "
-    "assertion fails.  The valid range is 0 through 100, inclusive.");
-
-GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
-    stream_result_to,
-    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("stream_result_to", ""),
-    "This flag specifies the host name and the port number on which to stream "
-    "test results. Example: \"localhost:555\". The flag is effective only on "
-    "Linux.");
-
-GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
-    throw_on_failure,
-    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("throw_on_failure", false),
-    "When this flag is specified, a failed assertion will throw an exception "
-    "if exceptions are enabled or exit the program with a non-zero code "
-    "otherwise.");
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// Generates a random number from [0, range), using a Linear
-// Congruential Generator (LCG).  Crashes if 'range' is 0 or greater
-// than kMaxRange.
-UInt32 Random::Generate(UInt32 range) {
-  // These constants are the same as are used in glibc's rand(3).
-  state_ = (1103515245U*state_ + 12345U) % kMaxRange;
-
-  GTEST_CHECK_(range > 0)
-      << "Cannot generate a number in the range [0, 0).";
-  GTEST_CHECK_(range <= kMaxRange)
-      << "Generation of a number in [0, " << range << ") was requested, "
-      << "but this can only generate numbers in [0, " << kMaxRange << ").";
-
-  // Converting via modulus introduces a bit of downward bias, but
-  // it's simple, and a linear congruential generator isn't too good
-  // to begin with.
-  return state_ % range;
-}
-
-// GTestIsInitialized() returns true iff the user has initialized
-// Google Test.  Useful for catching the user mistake of not initializing
-// Google Test before calling RUN_ALL_TESTS().
-//
-// A user must call testing::InitGoogleTest() to initialize Google
-// Test.  g_init_gtest_count is set to the number of times
-// InitGoogleTest() has been called.  We don't protect this variable
-// under a mutex as it is only accessed in the main thread.
-GTEST_API_ int g_init_gtest_count = 0;
-static bool GTestIsInitialized() { return g_init_gtest_count != 0; }
-
-// Iterates over a vector of TestCases, keeping a running sum of the
-// results of calling a given int-returning method on each.
-// Returns the sum.
-static int SumOverTestCaseList(const std::vector<TestCase*>& case_list,
-                               int (TestCase::*method)() const) {
-  int sum = 0;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < case_list.size(); i++) {
-    sum += (case_list[i]->*method)();
-  }
-  return sum;
-}
-
-// Returns true iff the test case passed.
-static bool TestCasePassed(const TestCase* test_case) {
-  return test_case->should_run() && test_case->Passed();
-}
-
-// Returns true iff the test case failed.
-static bool TestCaseFailed(const TestCase* test_case) {
-  return test_case->should_run() && test_case->Failed();
-}
-
-// Returns true iff test_case contains at least one test that should
-// run.
-static bool ShouldRunTestCase(const TestCase* test_case) {
-  return test_case->should_run();
-}
-
-// AssertHelper constructor.
-AssertHelper::AssertHelper(TestPartResult::Type type,
-                           const char* file,
-                           int line,
-                           const char* message)
-    : data_(new AssertHelperData(type, file, line, message)) {
-}
-
-AssertHelper::~AssertHelper() {
-  delete data_;
-}
-
-// Message assignment, for assertion streaming support.
-void AssertHelper::operator=(const Message& message) const {
-  UnitTest::GetInstance()->
-    AddTestPartResult(data_->type, data_->file, data_->line,
-                      AppendUserMessage(data_->message, message),
-                      UnitTest::GetInstance()->impl()
-                      ->CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1)
-                      // Skips the stack frame for this function itself.
-                      );  // NOLINT
-}
-
-// Mutex for linked pointers.
-GTEST_API_ GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_linked_ptr_mutex);
-
-// Application pathname gotten in InitGoogleTest.
-std::string g_executable_path;
-
-// Returns the current application's name, removing directory path if that
-// is present.
-FilePath GetCurrentExecutableName() {
-  FilePath result;
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-  result.Set(FilePath(g_executable_path).RemoveExtension("exe"));
-#else
-  result.Set(FilePath(g_executable_path));
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-  return result.RemoveDirectoryName();
-}
-
-// Functions for processing the gtest_output flag.
-
-// Returns the output format, or "" for normal printed output.
-std::string UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat() {
-  const char* const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str();
-  if (gtest_output_flag == NULL) return std::string("");
-
-  const char* const colon = strchr(gtest_output_flag, ':');
-  return (colon == NULL) ?
-      std::string(gtest_output_flag) :
-      std::string(gtest_output_flag, colon - gtest_output_flag);
-}
-
-// Returns the name of the requested output file, or the default if none
-// was explicitly specified.
-std::string UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile() {
-  const char* const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str();
-  if (gtest_output_flag == NULL)
-    return "";
-
-  const char* const colon = strchr(gtest_output_flag, ':');
-  if (colon == NULL)
-    return internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
-        internal::FilePath(
-            UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir()),
-        internal::FilePath(kDefaultOutputFile)).string();
-
-  internal::FilePath output_name(colon + 1);
-  if (!output_name.IsAbsolutePath())
-    // TODO(wan@google.com): on Windows \some\path is not an absolute
-    // path (as its meaning depends on the current drive), yet the
-    // following logic for turning it into an absolute path is wrong.
-    // Fix it.
-    output_name = internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
-        internal::FilePath(UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir()),
-        internal::FilePath(colon + 1));
-
-  if (!output_name.IsDirectory())
-    return output_name.string();
-
-  internal::FilePath result(internal::FilePath::GenerateUniqueFileName(
-      output_name, internal::GetCurrentExecutableName(),
-      GetOutputFormat().c_str()));
-  return result.string();
-}
-
-// Returns true iff the wildcard pattern matches the string.  The
-// first ':' or '\0' character in pattern marks the end of it.
-//
-// This recursive algorithm isn't very efficient, but is clear and
-// works well enough for matching test names, which are short.
-bool UnitTestOptions::PatternMatchesString(const char *pattern,
-                                           const char *str) {
-  switch (*pattern) {
-    case '\0':
-    case ':':  // Either ':' or '\0' marks the end of the pattern.
-      return *str == '\0';
-    case '?':  // Matches any single character.
-      return *str != '\0' && PatternMatchesString(pattern + 1, str + 1);
-    case '*':  // Matches any string (possibly empty) of characters.
-      return (*str != '\0' && PatternMatchesString(pattern, str + 1)) ||
-          PatternMatchesString(pattern + 1, str);
-    default:  // Non-special character.  Matches itself.
-      return *pattern == *str &&
-          PatternMatchesString(pattern + 1, str + 1);
-  }
-}
-
-bool UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(
-    const std::string& name, const char* filter) {
-  const char *cur_pattern = filter;
-  for (;;) {
-    if (PatternMatchesString(cur_pattern, name.c_str())) {
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    // Finds the next pattern in the filter.
-    cur_pattern = strchr(cur_pattern, ':');
-
-    // Returns if no more pattern can be found.
-    if (cur_pattern == NULL) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    // Skips the pattern separater (the ':' character).
-    cur_pattern++;
-  }
-}
-
-// Returns true iff the user-specified filter matches the test case
-// name and the test name.
-bool UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(const std::string &test_case_name,
-                                        const std::string &test_name) {
-  const std::string& full_name = test_case_name + "." + test_name.c_str();
-
-  // Split --gtest_filter at '-', if there is one, to separate into
-  // positive filter and negative filter portions
-  const char* const p = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();
-  const char* const dash = strchr(p, '-');
-  std::string positive;
-  std::string negative;
-  if (dash == NULL) {
-    positive = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();  // Whole string is a positive filter
-    negative = "";
-  } else {
-    positive = std::string(p, dash);   // Everything up to the dash
-    negative = std::string(dash + 1);  // Everything after the dash
-    if (positive.empty()) {
-      // Treat '-test1' as the same as '*-test1'
-      positive = kUniversalFilter;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // A filter is a colon-separated list of patterns.  It matches a
-  // test if any pattern in it matches the test.
-  return (MatchesFilter(full_name, positive.c_str()) &&
-          !MatchesFilter(full_name, negative.c_str()));
-}
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
-// Returns EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER if Google Test should handle the
-// given SEH exception, or EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH otherwise.
-// This function is useful as an __except condition.
-int UnitTestOptions::GTestShouldProcessSEH(DWORD exception_code) {
-  // Google Test should handle a SEH exception if:
-  //   1. the user wants it to, AND
-  //   2. this is not a breakpoint exception, AND
-  //   3. this is not a C++ exception (VC++ implements them via SEH,
-  //      apparently).
-  //
-  // SEH exception code for C++ exceptions.
-  // (see http://support.microsoft.com/kb/185294 for more information).
-  const DWORD kCxxExceptionCode = 0xe06d7363;
-
-  bool should_handle = true;
-
-  if (!GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions))
-    should_handle = false;
-  else if (exception_code == EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT)
-    should_handle = false;
-  else if (exception_code == kCxxExceptionCode)
-    should_handle = false;
-
-  return should_handle ? EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER : EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-// The c'tor sets this object as the test part result reporter used by
-// Google Test.  The 'result' parameter specifies where to report the
-// results. Intercepts only failures from the current thread.
-ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter(
-    TestPartResultArray* result)
-    : intercept_mode_(INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD),
-      result_(result) {
-  Init();
-}
-
-// The c'tor sets this object as the test part result reporter used by
-// Google Test.  The 'result' parameter specifies where to report the
-// results.
-ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter(
-    InterceptMode intercept_mode, TestPartResultArray* result)
-    : intercept_mode_(intercept_mode),
-      result_(result) {
-  Init();
-}
-
-void ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::Init() {
-  internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
-  if (intercept_mode_ == INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS) {
-    old_reporter_ = impl->GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter();
-    impl->SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(this);
-  } else {
-    old_reporter_ = impl->GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread();
-    impl->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(this);
-  }
-}
-
-// The d'tor restores the test part result reporter used by Google Test
-// before.
-ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::~ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter() {
-  internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
-  if (intercept_mode_ == INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS) {
-    impl->SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(old_reporter_);
-  } else {
-    impl->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(old_reporter_);
-  }
-}
-
-// Increments the test part result count and remembers the result.
-// This method is from the TestPartResultReporterInterface interface.
-void ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
-    const TestPartResult& result) {
-  result_->Append(result);
-}
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// Returns the type ID of ::testing::Test.  We should always call this
-// instead of GetTypeId< ::testing::Test>() to get the type ID of
-// testing::Test.  This is to work around a suspected linker bug when
-// using Google Test as a framework on Mac OS X.  The bug causes
-// GetTypeId< ::testing::Test>() to return different values depending
-// on whether the call is from the Google Test framework itself or
-// from user test code.  GetTestTypeId() is guaranteed to always
-// return the same value, as it always calls GetTypeId<>() from the
-// gtest.cc, which is within the Google Test framework.
-TypeId GetTestTypeId() {
-  return GetTypeId<Test>();
-}
-
-// The value of GetTestTypeId() as seen from within the Google Test
-// library.  This is solely for testing GetTestTypeId().
-extern const TypeId kTestTypeIdInGoogleTest = GetTestTypeId();
-
-// This predicate-formatter checks that 'results' contains a test part
-// failure of the given type and that the failure message contains the
-// given substring.
-AssertionResult HasOneFailure(const char* /* results_expr */,
-                              const char* /* type_expr */,
-                              const char* /* substr_expr */,
-                              const TestPartResultArray& results,
-                              TestPartResult::Type type,
-                              const string& substr) {
-  const std::string expected(type == TestPartResult::kFatalFailure ?
-                        "1 fatal failure" :
-                        "1 non-fatal failure");
-  Message msg;
-  if (results.size() != 1) {
-    msg << "Expected: " << expected << "\n"
-        << "  Actual: " << results.size() << " failures";
-    for (int i = 0; i < results.size(); i++) {
-      msg << "\n" << results.GetTestPartResult(i);
-    }
-    return AssertionFailure() << msg;
-  }
-
-  const TestPartResult& r = results.GetTestPartResult(0);
-  if (r.type() != type) {
-    return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: " << expected << "\n"
-                              << "  Actual:\n"
-                              << r;
-  }
-
-  if (strstr(r.message(), substr.c_str()) == NULL) {
-    return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: " << expected << " containing \""
-                              << substr << "\"\n"
-                              << "  Actual:\n"
-                              << r;
-  }
-
-  return AssertionSuccess();
-}
-
-// The constructor of SingleFailureChecker remembers where to look up
-// test part results, what type of failure we expect, and what
-// substring the failure message should contain.
-SingleFailureChecker:: SingleFailureChecker(
-    const TestPartResultArray* results,
-    TestPartResult::Type type,
-    const string& substr)
-    : results_(results),
-      type_(type),
-      substr_(substr) {}
-
-// The destructor of SingleFailureChecker verifies that the given
-// TestPartResultArray contains exactly one failure that has the given
-// type and contains the given substring.  If that's not the case, a
-// non-fatal failure will be generated.
-SingleFailureChecker::~SingleFailureChecker() {
-  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(HasOneFailure, *results_, type_, substr_);
-}
-
-DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter::DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter(
-    UnitTestImpl* unit_test) : unit_test_(unit_test) {}
-
-void DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
-    const TestPartResult& result) {
-  unit_test_->current_test_result()->AddTestPartResult(result);
-  unit_test_->listeners()->repeater()->OnTestPartResult(result);
-}
-
-DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter::DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter(
-    UnitTestImpl* unit_test) : unit_test_(unit_test) {}
-
-void DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
-    const TestPartResult& result) {
-  unit_test_->GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter()->ReportTestPartResult(result);
-}
-
-// Returns the global test part result reporter.
-TestPartResultReporterInterface*
-UnitTestImpl::GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter() {
-  internal::MutexLock lock(&global_test_part_result_reporter_mutex_);
-  return global_test_part_result_repoter_;
-}
-
-// Sets the global test part result reporter.
-void UnitTestImpl::SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(
-    TestPartResultReporterInterface* reporter) {
-  internal::MutexLock lock(&global_test_part_result_reporter_mutex_);
-  global_test_part_result_repoter_ = reporter;
-}
-
-// Returns the test part result reporter for the current thread.
-TestPartResultReporterInterface*
-UnitTestImpl::GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread() {
-  return per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_.get();
-}
-
-// Sets the test part result reporter for the current thread.
-void UnitTestImpl::SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(
-    TestPartResultReporterInterface* reporter) {
-  per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_.set(reporter);
-}
-
-// Gets the number of successful test cases.
-int UnitTestImpl::successful_test_case_count() const {
-  return CountIf(test_cases_, TestCasePassed);
-}
-
-// Gets the number of failed test cases.
-int UnitTestImpl::failed_test_case_count() const {
-  return CountIf(test_cases_, TestCaseFailed);
-}
-
-// Gets the number of all test cases.
-int UnitTestImpl::total_test_case_count() const {
-  return static_cast<int>(test_cases_.size());
-}
-
-// Gets the number of all test cases that contain at least one test
-// that should run.
-int UnitTestImpl::test_case_to_run_count() const {
-  return CountIf(test_cases_, ShouldRunTestCase);
-}
-
-// Gets the number of successful tests.
-int UnitTestImpl::successful_test_count() const {
-  return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::successful_test_count);
-}
-
-// Gets the number of failed tests.
-int UnitTestImpl::failed_test_count() const {
-  return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::failed_test_count);
-}
-
-// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
-int UnitTestImpl::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
-  return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_,
-                             &TestCase::reportable_disabled_test_count);
-}
-
-// Gets the number of disabled tests.
-int UnitTestImpl::disabled_test_count() const {
-  return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::disabled_test_count);
-}
-
-// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
-int UnitTestImpl::reportable_test_count() const {
-  return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::reportable_test_count);
-}
-
-// Gets the number of all tests.
-int UnitTestImpl::total_test_count() const {
-  return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::total_test_count);
-}
-
-// Gets the number of tests that should run.
-int UnitTestImpl::test_to_run_count() const {
-  return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::test_to_run_count);
-}
-
-// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
-//
-// The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
-// the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
-// specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
-// count against the number of frames to be included.
-//
-// For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
-// CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1), Foo() will be included in the
-// trace but Bar() and CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
-std::string UnitTestImpl::CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count) {
-  (void)skip_count;
-  return "";
-}
-
-// Returns the current time in milliseconds.
-TimeInMillis GetTimeInMillis() {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || defined(__BORLANDC__)
-  // Difference between 1970-01-01 and 1601-01-01 in milliseconds.
-  // http://analogous.blogspot.com/2005/04/epoch.html
-  const TimeInMillis kJavaEpochToWinFileTimeDelta =
-    static_cast<TimeInMillis>(116444736UL) * 100000UL;
-  const DWORD kTenthMicrosInMilliSecond = 10000;
-
-  SYSTEMTIME now_systime;
-  FILETIME now_filetime;
-  ULARGE_INTEGER now_int64;
-  // TODO(kenton@google.com): Shouldn't this just use
-  //   GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()?
-  GetSystemTime(&now_systime);
-  if (SystemTimeToFileTime(&now_systime, &now_filetime)) {
-    now_int64.LowPart = now_filetime.dwLowDateTime;
-    now_int64.HighPart = now_filetime.dwHighDateTime;
-    now_int64.QuadPart = (now_int64.QuadPart / kTenthMicrosInMilliSecond) -
-      kJavaEpochToWinFileTimeDelta;
-    return now_int64.QuadPart;
-  }
-  return 0;
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
-  __timeb64 now;
-
-# ifdef _MSC_VER
-
-  // MSVC 8 deprecates _ftime64(), so we want to suppress warning 4996
-  // (deprecated function) there.
-  // TODO(kenton@google.com): Use GetTickCount()?  Or use
-  //   SystemTimeToFileTime()
-#  pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-#  pragma warning(disable:4996)  // Temporarily disables warning 4996.
-  _ftime64(&now);
-#  pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
-# else
-
-  _ftime64(&now);
-
-# endif  // _MSC_VER
-
-  return static_cast<TimeInMillis>(now.time) * 1000 + now.millitm;
-#elif GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
-  struct timeval now;
-  gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
-  return static_cast<TimeInMillis>(now.tv_sec) * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000;
-#else
-# error "Don't know how to get the current time on your system."
-#endif
-}
-
-// Utilities
-
-// class String.
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-// Creates a UTF-16 wide string from the given ANSI string, allocating
-// memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
-// value using delete[]. Returns the wide string, or NULL if the
-// input is NULL.
-LPCWSTR String::AnsiToUtf16(const char* ansi) {
-  if (!ansi) return NULL;
-  const int length = strlen(ansi);
-  const int unicode_length =
-      MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, ansi, length,
-                          NULL, 0);
-  WCHAR* unicode = new WCHAR[unicode_length + 1];
-  MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, ansi, length,
-                      unicode, unicode_length);
-  unicode[unicode_length] = 0;
-  return unicode;
-}
-
-// Creates an ANSI string from the given wide string, allocating
-// memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
-// value using delete[]. Returns the ANSI string, or NULL if the
-// input is NULL.
-const char* String::Utf16ToAnsi(LPCWSTR utf16_str)  {
-  if (!utf16_str) return NULL;
-  const int ansi_length =
-      WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, utf16_str, -1,
-                          NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
-  char* ansi = new char[ansi_length + 1];
-  WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, utf16_str, -1,
-                      ansi, ansi_length, NULL, NULL);
-  ansi[ansi_length] = 0;
-  return ansi;
-}
-
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-
-// Compares two C strings.  Returns true iff they have the same content.
-//
-// Unlike strcmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A NULL
-// C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
-// including the empty string.
-bool String::CStringEquals(const char * lhs, const char * rhs) {
-  if ( lhs == NULL ) return rhs == NULL;
-
-  if ( rhs == NULL ) return false;
-
-  return strcmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
-}
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING || GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-
-// Converts an array of wide chars to a narrow string using the UTF-8
-// encoding, and streams the result to the given Message object.
-static void StreamWideCharsToMessage(const wchar_t* wstr, size_t length,
-                                     Message* msg) {
-  for (size_t i = 0; i != length; ) {  // NOLINT
-    if (wstr[i] != L'\0') {
-      *msg << WideStringToUtf8(wstr + i, static_cast<int>(length - i));
-      while (i != length && wstr[i] != L'\0')
-        i++;
-    } else {
-      *msg << '\0';
-      i++;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING || GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-// Constructs an empty Message.
-// We allocate the stringstream separately because otherwise each use of
-// ASSERT/EXPECT in a procedure adds over 200 bytes to the procedure's
-// stack frame leading to huge stack frames in some cases; gcc does not reuse
-// the stack space.
-Message::Message() : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {
-  // By default, we want there to be enough precision when printing
-  // a double to a Message.
-  *ss_ << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10 + 2);
-}
-
-// These two overloads allow streaming a wide C string to a Message
-// using the UTF-8 encoding.
-Message& Message::operator <<(const wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
-  return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
-}
-Message& Message::operator <<(wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
-  return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
-}
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-// Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
-// encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
-Message& Message::operator <<(const ::std::wstring& wstr) {
-  internal::StreamWideCharsToMessage(wstr.c_str(), wstr.length(), this);
-  return *this;
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-// Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
-// encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
-Message& Message::operator <<(const ::wstring& wstr) {
-  internal::StreamWideCharsToMessage(wstr.c_str(), wstr.length(), this);
-  return *this;
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-
-// Gets the text streamed to this object so far as an std::string.
-// Each '\0' character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
-std::string Message::GetString() const {
-  return internal::StringStreamToString(ss_.get());
-}
-
-// AssertionResult constructors.
-// Used in EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(assertion_result).
-AssertionResult::AssertionResult(const AssertionResult& other)
-    : success_(other.success_),
-      message_(other.message_.get() != NULL ?
-               new ::std::string(*other.message_) :
-               static_cast< ::std::string*>(NULL)) {
-}
-
-// Returns the assertion's negation. Used with EXPECT/ASSERT_FALSE.
-AssertionResult AssertionResult::operator!() const {
-  AssertionResult negation(!success_);
-  if (message_.get() != NULL)
-    negation << *message_;
-  return negation;
-}
-
-// Makes a successful assertion result.
-AssertionResult AssertionSuccess() {
-  return AssertionResult(true);
-}
-
-// Makes a failed assertion result.
-AssertionResult AssertionFailure() {
-  return AssertionResult(false);
-}
-
-// Makes a failed assertion result with the given failure message.
-// Deprecated; use AssertionFailure() << message.
-AssertionResult AssertionFailure(const Message& message) {
-  return AssertionFailure() << message;
-}
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// Constructs and returns the message for an equality assertion
-// (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_STREQ, etc) failure.
-//
-// The first four parameters are the expressions used in the assertion
-// and their values, as strings.  For example, for ASSERT_EQ(foo, bar)
-// where foo is 5 and bar is 6, we have:
-//
-//   expected_expression: "foo"
-//   actual_expression:   "bar"
-//   expected_value:      "5"
-//   actual_value:        "6"
-//
-// The ignoring_case parameter is true iff the assertion is a
-// *_STRCASEEQ*.  When it's true, the string " (ignoring case)" will
-// be inserted into the message.
-AssertionResult EqFailure(const char* expected_expression,
-                          const char* actual_expression,
-                          const std::string& expected_value,
-                          const std::string& actual_value,
-                          bool ignoring_case) {
-  Message msg;
-  msg << "Value of: " << actual_expression;
-  if (actual_value != actual_expression) {
-    msg << "\n  Actual: " << actual_value;
-  }
-
-  msg << "\nExpected: " << expected_expression;
-  if (ignoring_case) {
-    msg << " (ignoring case)";
-  }
-  if (expected_value != expected_expression) {
-    msg << "\nWhich is: " << expected_value;
-  }
-
-  return AssertionFailure() << msg;
-}
-
-// Constructs a failure message for Boolean assertions such as EXPECT_TRUE.
-std::string GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(
-    const AssertionResult& assertion_result,
-    const char* expression_text,
-    const char* actual_predicate_value,
-    const char* expected_predicate_value) {
-  const char* actual_message = assertion_result.message();
-  Message msg;
-  msg << "Value of: " << expression_text
-      << "\n  Actual: " << actual_predicate_value;
-  if (actual_message[0] != '\0')
-    msg << " (" << actual_message << ")";
-  msg << "\nExpected: " << expected_predicate_value;
-  return msg.GetString();
-}
-
-// Helper function for implementing ASSERT_NEAR.
-AssertionResult DoubleNearPredFormat(const char* expr1,
-                                     const char* expr2,
-                                     const char* abs_error_expr,
-                                     double val1,
-                                     double val2,
-                                     double abs_error) {
-  const double diff = fabs(val1 - val2);
-  if (diff <= abs_error) return AssertionSuccess();
-
-  // TODO(wan): do not print the value of an expression if it's
-  // already a literal.
-  return AssertionFailure()
-      << "The difference between " << expr1 << " and " << expr2
-      << " is " << diff << ", which exceeds " << abs_error_expr << ", where\n"
-      << expr1 << " evaluates to " << val1 << ",\n"
-      << expr2 << " evaluates to " << val2 << ", and\n"
-      << abs_error_expr << " evaluates to " << abs_error << ".";
-}
-
-
-// Helper template for implementing FloatLE() and DoubleLE().
-template <typename RawType>
-AssertionResult FloatingPointLE(const char* expr1,
-                                const char* expr2,
-                                RawType val1,
-                                RawType val2) {
-  // Returns success if val1 is less than val2,
-  if (val1 < val2) {
-    return AssertionSuccess();
-  }
-
-  // or if val1 is almost equal to val2.
-  const FloatingPoint<RawType> lhs(val1), rhs(val2);
-  if (lhs.AlmostEquals(rhs)) {
-    return AssertionSuccess();
-  }
-
-  // Note that the above two checks will both fail if either val1 or
-  // val2 is NaN, as the IEEE floating-point standard requires that
-  // any predicate involving a NaN must return false.
-
-  ::std::stringstream val1_ss;
-  val1_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
-          << val1;
-
-  ::std::stringstream val2_ss;
-  val2_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
-          << val2;
-
-  return AssertionFailure()
-      << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") <= (" << expr2 << ")\n"
-      << "  Actual: " << StringStreamToString(&val1_ss) << " vs "
-      << StringStreamToString(&val2_ss);
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-// Asserts that val1 is less than, or almost equal to, val2.  Fails
-// otherwise.  In particular, it fails if either val1 or val2 is NaN.
-AssertionResult FloatLE(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
-                        float val1, float val2) {
-  return internal::FloatingPointLE<float>(expr1, expr2, val1, val2);
-}
-
-// Asserts that val1 is less than, or almost equal to, val2.  Fails
-// otherwise.  In particular, it fails if either val1 or val2 is NaN.
-AssertionResult DoubleLE(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
-                         double val1, double val2) {
-  return internal::FloatingPointLE<double>(expr1, expr2, val1, val2);
-}
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ with int or enum
-// arguments.
-AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* expected_expression,
-                            const char* actual_expression,
-                            BiggestInt expected,
-                            BiggestInt actual) {
-  if (expected == actual) {
-    return AssertionSuccess();
-  }
-
-  return EqFailure(expected_expression,
-                   actual_expression,
-                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(expected, actual),
-                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(actual, expected),
-                   false);
-}
-
-// A macro for implementing the helper functions needed to implement
-// ASSERT_?? and EXPECT_?? with integer or enum arguments.  It is here
-// just to avoid copy-and-paste of similar code.
-#define GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(op_name, op)\
-AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(const char* expr1, const char* expr2, \
-                                   BiggestInt val1, BiggestInt val2) {\
-  if (val1 op val2) {\
-    return AssertionSuccess();\
-  } else {\
-    return AssertionFailure() \
-        << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") " #op " (" << expr2\
-        << "), actual: " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val1, val2)\
-        << " vs " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val2, val1);\
-  }\
-}
-
-// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NE with int or
-// enum arguments.
-GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(NE, !=)
-// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LE with int or
-// enum arguments.
-GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LE, <=)
-// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LT with int or
-// enum arguments.
-GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LT, < )
-// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GE with int or
-// enum arguments.
-GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GE, >=)
-// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT with int or
-// enum arguments.
-GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GT, > )
-
-#undef GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_
-
-// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STREQ.
-AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* expected_expression,
-                               const char* actual_expression,
-                               const char* expected,
-                               const char* actual) {
-  if (String::CStringEquals(expected, actual)) {
-    return AssertionSuccess();
-  }
-
-  return EqFailure(expected_expression,
-                   actual_expression,
-                   PrintToString(expected),
-                   PrintToString(actual),
-                   false);
-}
-
-// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASEEQ.
-AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ(const char* expected_expression,
-                                   const char* actual_expression,
-                                   const char* expected,
-                                   const char* actual) {
-  if (String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(expected, actual)) {
-    return AssertionSuccess();
-  }
-
-  return EqFailure(expected_expression,
-                   actual_expression,
-                   PrintToString(expected),
-                   PrintToString(actual),
-                   true);
-}
-
-// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRNE.
-AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
-                               const char* s2_expression,
-                               const char* s1,
-                               const char* s2) {
-  if (!String::CStringEquals(s1, s2)) {
-    return AssertionSuccess();
-  } else {
-    return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
-                              << s2_expression << "), actual: \""
-                              << s1 << "\" vs \"" << s2 << "\"";
-  }
-}
-
-// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASENE.
-AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASENE(const char* s1_expression,
-                                   const char* s2_expression,
-                                   const char* s1,
-                                   const char* s2) {
-  if (!String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(s1, s2)) {
-    return AssertionSuccess();
-  } else {
-    return AssertionFailure()
-        << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
-        << s2_expression << ") (ignoring case), actual: \""
-        << s1 << "\" vs \"" << s2 << "\"";
-  }
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-namespace {
-
-// Helper functions for implementing IsSubString() and IsNotSubstring().
-
-// This group of overloaded functions return true iff needle is a
-// substring of haystack.  NULL is considered a substring of itself
-// only.
-
-bool IsSubstringPred(const char* needle, const char* haystack) {
-  if (needle == NULL || haystack == NULL)
-    return needle == haystack;
-
-  return strstr(haystack, needle) != NULL;
-}
-
-bool IsSubstringPred(const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack) {
-  if (needle == NULL || haystack == NULL)
-    return needle == haystack;
-
-  return wcsstr(haystack, needle) != NULL;
-}
-
-// StringType here can be either ::std::string or ::std::wstring.
-template <typename StringType>
-bool IsSubstringPred(const StringType& needle,
-                     const StringType& haystack) {
-  return haystack.find(needle) != StringType::npos;
-}
-
-// This function implements either IsSubstring() or IsNotSubstring(),
-// depending on the value of the expected_to_be_substring parameter.
-// StringType here can be const char*, const wchar_t*, ::std::string,
-// or ::std::wstring.
-template <typename StringType>
-AssertionResult IsSubstringImpl(
-    bool expected_to_be_substring,
-    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
-    const StringType& needle, const StringType& haystack) {
-  if (IsSubstringPred(needle, haystack) == expected_to_be_substring)
-    return AssertionSuccess();
-
-  const bool is_wide_string = sizeof(needle[0]) > 1;
-  const char* const begin_string_quote = is_wide_string ? "L\"" : "\"";
-  return AssertionFailure()
-      << "Value of: " << needle_expr << "\n"
-      << "  Actual: " << begin_string_quote << needle << "\"\n"
-      << "Expected: " << (expected_to_be_substring ? "" : "not ")
-      << "a substring of " << haystack_expr << "\n"
-      << "Which is: " << begin_string_quote << haystack << "\"";
-}
-
-}  // namespace
-
-// IsSubstring() and IsNotSubstring() check whether needle is a
-// substring of haystack (NULL is considered a substring of itself
-// only), and return an appropriate error message when they fail.
-
-AssertionResult IsSubstring(
-    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
-    const char* needle, const char* haystack) {
-  return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
-}
-
-AssertionResult IsSubstring(
-    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
-    const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack) {
-  return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
-}
-
-AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
-    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
-    const char* needle, const char* haystack) {
-  return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
-}
-
-AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
-    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
-    const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack) {
-  return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
-}
-
-AssertionResult IsSubstring(
-    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
-    const ::std::string& needle, const ::std::string& haystack) {
-  return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
-}
-
-AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
-    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
-    const ::std::string& needle, const ::std::string& haystack) {
-  return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
-}
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-AssertionResult IsSubstring(
-    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
-    const ::std::wstring& needle, const ::std::wstring& haystack) {
-  return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
-}
-
-AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
-    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
-    const ::std::wstring& needle, const ::std::wstring& haystack) {
-  return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-
-namespace internal {
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-namespace {
-
-// Helper function for IsHRESULT{SuccessFailure} predicates
-AssertionResult HRESULTFailureHelper(const char* expr,
-                                     const char* expected,
-                                     long hr) {  // NOLINT
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-
-  // Windows CE doesn't support FormatMessage.
-  const char error_text[] = "";
-
-# else
-
-  // Looks up the human-readable system message for the HRESULT code
-  // and since we're not passing any params to FormatMessage, we don't
-  // want inserts expanded.
-  const DWORD kFlags = FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
-                       FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS;
-  const DWORD kBufSize = 4096;
-  // Gets the system's human readable message string for this HRESULT.
-  char error_text[kBufSize] = { '\0' };
-  DWORD message_length = ::FormatMessageA(kFlags,
-                                          0,  // no source, we're asking system
-                                          hr,  // the error
-                                          0,  // no line width restrictions
-                                          error_text,  // output buffer
-                                          kBufSize,  // buf size
-                                          NULL);  // no arguments for inserts
-  // Trims tailing white space (FormatMessage leaves a trailing CR-LF)
-  for (; message_length && IsSpace(error_text[message_length - 1]);
-          --message_length) {
-    error_text[message_length - 1] = '\0';
-  }
-
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-
-  const std::string error_hex("0x" + String::FormatHexInt(hr));
-  return ::testing::AssertionFailure()
-      << "Expected: " << expr << " " << expected << ".\n"
-      << "  Actual: " << error_hex << " " << error_text << "\n";
-}
-
-}  // namespace
-
-AssertionResult IsHRESULTSuccess(const char* expr, long hr) {  // NOLINT
-  if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
-    return AssertionSuccess();
-  }
-  return HRESULTFailureHelper(expr, "succeeds", hr);
-}
-
-AssertionResult IsHRESULTFailure(const char* expr, long hr) {  // NOLINT
-  if (FAILED(hr)) {
-    return AssertionSuccess();
-  }
-  return HRESULTFailureHelper(expr, "fails", hr);
-}
-
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-// Utility functions for encoding Unicode text (wide strings) in
-// UTF-8.
-
-// A Unicode code-point can have upto 21 bits, and is encoded in UTF-8
-// like this:
-//
-// Code-point length   Encoding
-//   0 -  7 bits       0xxxxxxx
-//   8 - 11 bits       110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
-//  12 - 16 bits       1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
-//  17 - 21 bits       11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
-
-// The maximum code-point a one-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
-const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint1 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) <<  7) - 1;
-
-// The maximum code-point a two-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
-const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint2 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) << (5 + 6)) - 1;
-
-// The maximum code-point a three-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
-const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint3 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) << (4 + 2*6)) - 1;
-
-// The maximum code-point a four-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
-const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint4 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) << (3 + 3*6)) - 1;
-
-// Chops off the n lowest bits from a bit pattern.  Returns the n
-// lowest bits.  As a side effect, the original bit pattern will be
-// shifted to the right by n bits.
-inline UInt32 ChopLowBits(UInt32* bits, int n) {
-  const UInt32 low_bits = *bits & ((static_cast<UInt32>(1) << n) - 1);
-  *bits >>= n;
-  return low_bits;
-}
-
-// Converts a Unicode code point to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
-// code_point parameter is of type UInt32 because wchar_t may not be
-// wide enough to contain a code point.
-// If the code_point is not a valid Unicode code point
-// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be converted
-// to "(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)".
-std::string CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point) {
-  if (code_point > kMaxCodePoint4) {
-    return "(Invalid Unicode 0x" + String::FormatHexInt(code_point) + ")";
-  }
-
-  char str[5];  // Big enough for the largest valid code point.
-  if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint1) {
-    str[1] = '\0';
-    str[0] = static_cast<char>(code_point);                          // 0xxxxxxx
-  } else if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint2) {
-    str[2] = '\0';
-    str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
-    str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xC0 | code_point);                   // 110xxxxx
-  } else if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint3) {
-    str[3] = '\0';
-    str[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
-    str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
-    str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xE0 | code_point);                   // 1110xxxx
-  } else {  // code_point <= kMaxCodePoint4
-    str[4] = '\0';
-    str[3] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
-    str[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
-    str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
-    str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xF0 | code_point);                   // 11110xxx
-  }
-  return str;
-}
-
-// The following two functions only make sense if the the system
-// uses UTF-16 for wide string encoding. All supported systems
-// with 16 bit wchar_t (Windows, Cygwin, Symbian OS) do use UTF-16.
-
-// Determines if the arguments constitute UTF-16 surrogate pair
-// and thus should be combined into a single Unicode code point
-// using CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair.
-inline bool IsUtf16SurrogatePair(wchar_t first, wchar_t second) {
-  return sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 &&
-      (first & 0xFC00) == 0xD800 && (second & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00;
-}
-
-// Creates a Unicode code point from UTF16 surrogate pair.
-inline UInt32 CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair(wchar_t first,
-                                                    wchar_t second) {
-  const UInt32 mask = (1 << 10) - 1;
-  return (sizeof(wchar_t) == 2) ?
-      (((first & mask) << 10) | (second & mask)) + 0x10000 :
-      // This function should not be called when the condition is
-      // false, but we provide a sensible default in case it is.
-      static_cast<UInt32>(first);
-}
-
-// Converts a wide string to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
-// The wide string is assumed to have the following encoding:
-//   UTF-16 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 (on Windows, Cygwin, Symbian OS)
-//   UTF-32 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 4 (on Linux)
-// Parameter str points to a null-terminated wide string.
-// Parameter num_chars may additionally limit the number
-// of wchar_t characters processed. -1 is used when the entire string
-// should be processed.
-// If the string contains code points that are not valid Unicode code points
-// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) they will be output
-// as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'. If the string is in UTF16 encoding
-// and contains invalid UTF-16 surrogate pairs, values in those pairs
-// will be encoded as individual Unicode characters from Basic Normal Plane.
-std::string WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* str, int num_chars) {
-  if (num_chars == -1)
-    num_chars = static_cast<int>(wcslen(str));
-
-  ::std::stringstream stream;
-  for (int i = 0; i < num_chars; ++i) {
-    UInt32 unicode_code_point;
-
-    if (str[i] == L'\0') {
-      break;
-    } else if (i + 1 < num_chars && IsUtf16SurrogatePair(str[i], str[i + 1])) {
-      unicode_code_point = CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair(str[i],
-                                                                 str[i + 1]);
-      i++;
-    } else {
-      unicode_code_point = static_cast<UInt32>(str[i]);
-    }
-
-    stream << CodePointToUtf8(unicode_code_point);
-  }
-  return StringStreamToString(&stream);
-}
-
-// Converts a wide C string to an std::string using the UTF-8 encoding.
-// NULL will be converted to "(null)".
-std::string String::ShowWideCString(const wchar_t * wide_c_str) {
-  if (wide_c_str == NULL)  return "(null)";
-
-  return internal::WideStringToUtf8(wide_c_str, -1);
-}
-
-// Compares two wide C strings.  Returns true iff they have the same
-// content.
-//
-// Unlike wcscmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A NULL
-// C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
-// including the empty string.
-bool String::WideCStringEquals(const wchar_t * lhs, const wchar_t * rhs) {
-  if (lhs == NULL) return rhs == NULL;
-
-  if (rhs == NULL) return false;
-
-  return wcscmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
-}
-
-// Helper function for *_STREQ on wide strings.
-AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* expected_expression,
-                               const char* actual_expression,
-                               const wchar_t* expected,
-                               const wchar_t* actual) {
-  if (String::WideCStringEquals(expected, actual)) {
-    return AssertionSuccess();
-  }
-
-  return EqFailure(expected_expression,
-                   actual_expression,
-                   PrintToString(expected),
-                   PrintToString(actual),
-                   false);
-}
-
-// Helper function for *_STRNE on wide strings.
-AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
-                               const char* s2_expression,
-                               const wchar_t* s1,
-                               const wchar_t* s2) {
-  if (!String::WideCStringEquals(s1, s2)) {
-    return AssertionSuccess();
-  }
-
-  return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
-                            << s2_expression << "), actual: "
-                            << PrintToString(s1)
-                            << " vs " << PrintToString(s2);
-}
-
-// Compares two C strings, ignoring case.  Returns true iff they have
-// the same content.
-//
-// Unlike strcasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A
-// NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
-// including the empty string.
-bool String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(const char * lhs, const char * rhs) {
-  if (lhs == NULL)
-    return rhs == NULL;
-  if (rhs == NULL)
-    return false;
-  return posix::StrCaseCmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
-}
-
-  // Compares two wide C strings, ignoring case.  Returns true iff they
-  // have the same content.
-  //
-  // Unlike wcscasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).
-  // A NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL wide C string,
-  // including the empty string.
-  // NB: The implementations on different platforms slightly differ.
-  // On windows, this method uses _wcsicmp which compares according to LC_CTYPE
-  // environment variable. On GNU platform this method uses wcscasecmp
-  // which compares according to LC_CTYPE category of the current locale.
-  // On MacOS X, it uses towlower, which also uses LC_CTYPE category of the
-  // current locale.
-bool String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(const wchar_t* lhs,
-                                              const wchar_t* rhs) {
-  if (lhs == NULL) return rhs == NULL;
-
-  if (rhs == NULL) return false;
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-  return _wcsicmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
-#elif GTEST_OS_LINUX && !GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
-  return wcscasecmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
-#else
-  // Android, Mac OS X and Cygwin don't define wcscasecmp.
-  // Other unknown OSes may not define it either.
-  wint_t left, right;
-  do {
-    left = towlower(*lhs++);
-    right = towlower(*rhs++);
-  } while (left && left == right);
-  return left == right;
-#endif  // OS selector
-}
-
-// Returns true iff str ends with the given suffix, ignoring case.
-// Any string is considered to end with an empty suffix.
-bool String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive(
-    const std::string& str, const std::string& suffix) {
-  const size_t str_len = str.length();
-  const size_t suffix_len = suffix.length();
-  return (str_len >= suffix_len) &&
-         CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(str.c_str() + str_len - suffix_len,
-                                      suffix.c_str());
-}
-
-// Formats an int value as "%02d".
-std::string String::FormatIntWidth2(int value) {
-  std::stringstream ss;
-  ss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << value;
-  return ss.str();
-}
-
-// Formats an int value as "%X".
-std::string String::FormatHexInt(int value) {
-  std::stringstream ss;
-  ss << std::hex << std::uppercase << value;
-  return ss.str();
-}
-
-// Formats a byte as "%02X".
-std::string String::FormatByte(unsigned char value) {
-  std::stringstream ss;
-  ss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << std::hex << std::uppercase
-     << static_cast<unsigned int>(value);
-  return ss.str();
-}
-
-// Converts the buffer in a stringstream to an std::string, converting NUL
-// bytes to "\\0" along the way.
-std::string StringStreamToString(::std::stringstream* ss) {
-  const ::std::string& str = ss->str();
-  const char* const start = str.c_str();
-  const char* const end = start + str.length();
-
-  std::string result;
-  result.reserve(2 * (end - start));
-  for (const char* ch = start; ch != end; ++ch) {
-    if (*ch == '\0') {
-      result += "\\0";  // Replaces NUL with "\\0";
-    } else {
-      result += *ch;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return result;
-}
-
-// Appends the user-supplied message to the Google-Test-generated message.
-std::string AppendUserMessage(const std::string& gtest_msg,
-                              const Message& user_msg) {
-  // Appends the user message if it's non-empty.
-  const std::string user_msg_string = user_msg.GetString();
-  if (user_msg_string.empty()) {
-    return gtest_msg;
-  }
-
-  return gtest_msg + "\n" + user_msg_string;
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-// class TestResult
-
-// Creates an empty TestResult.
-TestResult::TestResult()
-    : death_test_count_(0),
-      elapsed_time_(0) {
-}
-
-// D'tor.
-TestResult::~TestResult() {
-}
-
-// Returns the i-th test part result among all the results. i can
-// range from 0 to total_part_count() - 1. If i is not in that range,
-// aborts the program.
-const TestPartResult& TestResult::GetTestPartResult(int i) const {
-  if (i < 0 || i >= total_part_count())
-    internal::posix::Abort();
-  return test_part_results_.at(i);
-}
-
-// Returns the i-th test property. i can range from 0 to
-// test_property_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, aborts the
-// program.
-const TestProperty& TestResult::GetTestProperty(int i) const {
-  if (i < 0 || i >= test_property_count())
-    internal::posix::Abort();
-  return test_properties_.at(i);
-}
-
-// Clears the test part results.
-void TestResult::ClearTestPartResults() {
-  test_part_results_.clear();
-}
-
-// Adds a test part result to the list.
-void TestResult::AddTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
-  test_part_results_.push_back(test_part_result);
-}
-
-// Adds a test property to the list. If a property with the same key as the
-// supplied property is already represented, the value of this test_property
-// replaces the old value for that key.
-void TestResult::RecordProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
-                                const TestProperty& test_property) {
-  if (!ValidateTestProperty(xml_element, test_property)) {
-    return;
-  }
-  internal::MutexLock lock(&test_properites_mutex_);
-  const std::vector<TestProperty>::iterator property_with_matching_key =
-      std::find_if(test_properties_.begin(), test_properties_.end(),
-                   internal::TestPropertyKeyIs(test_property.key()));
-  if (property_with_matching_key == test_properties_.end()) {
-    test_properties_.push_back(test_property);
-    return;
-  }
-  property_with_matching_key->SetValue(test_property.value());
-}
-
-// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testsuites> element of XML
-// output.
-static const char* const kReservedTestSuitesAttributes[] = {
-  "disabled",
-  "errors",
-  "failures",
-  "name",
-  "random_seed",
-  "tests",
-  "time",
-  "timestamp"
-};
-
-// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testsuite> element of XML
-// output.
-static const char* const kReservedTestSuiteAttributes[] = {
-  "disabled",
-  "errors",
-  "failures",
-  "name",
-  "tests",
-  "time"
-};
-
-// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testcase> element of XML output.
-static const char* const kReservedTestCaseAttributes[] = {
-  "classname",
-  "name",
-  "status",
-  "time",
-  "type_param",
-  "value_param"
-};
-
-template <int kSize>
-std::vector<std::string> ArrayAsVector(const char* const (&array)[kSize]) {
-  return std::vector<std::string>(array, array + kSize);
-}
-
-static std::vector<std::string> GetReservedAttributesForElement(
-    const std::string& xml_element) {
-  if (xml_element == "testsuites") {
-    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestSuitesAttributes);
-  } else if (xml_element == "testsuite") {
-    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestSuiteAttributes);
-  } else if (xml_element == "testcase") {
-    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestCaseAttributes);
-  } else {
-    GTEST_CHECK_(false) << "Unrecognized xml_element provided: " << xml_element;
-  }
-  // This code is unreachable but some compilers may not realizes that.
-  return std::vector<std::string>();
-}
-
-static std::string FormatWordList(const std::vector<std::string>& words) {
-  Message word_list;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < words.size(); ++i) {
-    if (i > 0 && words.size() > 2) {
-      word_list << ", ";
-    }
-    if (i == words.size() - 1) {
-      word_list << "and ";
-    }
-    word_list << "'" << words[i] << "'";
-  }
-  return word_list.GetString();
-}
-
-bool ValidateTestPropertyName(const std::string& property_name,
-                              const std::vector<std::string>& reserved_names) {
-  if (std::find(reserved_names.begin(), reserved_names.end(), property_name) !=
-          reserved_names.end()) {
-    ADD_FAILURE() << "Reserved key used in RecordProperty(): " << property_name
-                  << " (" << FormatWordList(reserved_names)
-                  << " are reserved by " << GTEST_NAME_ << ")";
-    return false;
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
-// Adds a failure if the key is a reserved attribute of the element named
-// xml_element.  Returns true if the property is valid.
-bool TestResult::ValidateTestProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
-                                      const TestProperty& test_property) {
-  return ValidateTestPropertyName(test_property.key(),
-                                  GetReservedAttributesForElement(xml_element));
-}
-
-// Clears the object.
-void TestResult::Clear() {
-  test_part_results_.clear();
-  test_properties_.clear();
-  death_test_count_ = 0;
-  elapsed_time_ = 0;
-}
-
-// Returns true iff the test failed.
-bool TestResult::Failed() const {
-  for (int i = 0; i < total_part_count(); ++i) {
-    if (GetTestPartResult(i).failed())
-      return true;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-// Returns true iff the test part fatally failed.
-static bool TestPartFatallyFailed(const TestPartResult& result) {
-  return result.fatally_failed();
-}
-
-// Returns true iff the test fatally failed.
-bool TestResult::HasFatalFailure() const {
-  return CountIf(test_part_results_, TestPartFatallyFailed) > 0;
-}
-
-// Returns true iff the test part non-fatally failed.
-static bool TestPartNonfatallyFailed(const TestPartResult& result) {
-  return result.nonfatally_failed();
-}
-
-// Returns true iff the test has a non-fatal failure.
-bool TestResult::HasNonfatalFailure() const {
-  return CountIf(test_part_results_, TestPartNonfatallyFailed) > 0;
-}
-
-// Gets the number of all test parts.  This is the sum of the number
-// of successful test parts and the number of failed test parts.
-int TestResult::total_part_count() const {
-  return static_cast<int>(test_part_results_.size());
-}
-
-// Returns the number of the test properties.
-int TestResult::test_property_count() const {
-  return static_cast<int>(test_properties_.size());
-}
-
-// class Test
-
-// Creates a Test object.
-
-// The c'tor saves the values of all Google Test flags.
-Test::Test()
-    : gtest_flag_saver_(new internal::GTestFlagSaver) {
-}
-
-// The d'tor restores the values of all Google Test flags.
-Test::~Test() {
-  delete gtest_flag_saver_;
-}
-
-// Sets up the test fixture.
-//
-// A sub-class may override this.
-void Test::SetUp() {
-}
-
-// Tears down the test fixture.
-//
-// A sub-class may override this.
-void Test::TearDown() {
-}
-
-// Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
-void Test::RecordProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value) {
-  UnitTest::GetInstance()->RecordProperty(key, value);
-}
-
-// Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
-void Test::RecordProperty(const std::string& key, int value) {
-  Message value_message;
-  value_message << value;
-  RecordProperty(key, value_message.GetString().c_str());
-}
-
-namespace internal {
-
-void ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
-                                    const std::string& message) {
-  // This function is a friend of UnitTest and as such has access to
-  // AddTestPartResult.
-  UnitTest::GetInstance()->AddTestPartResult(
-      result_type,
-      NULL,  // No info about the source file where the exception occurred.
-      -1,    // We have no info on which line caused the exception.
-      message,
-      "");   // No stack trace, either.
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-// Google Test requires all tests in the same test case to use the same test
-// fixture class.  This function checks if the current test has the
-// same fixture class as the first test in the current test case.  If
-// yes, it returns true; otherwise it generates a Google Test failure and
-// returns false.
-bool Test::HasSameFixtureClass() {
-  internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
-  const TestCase* const test_case = impl->current_test_case();
-
-  // Info about the first test in the current test case.
-  const TestInfo* const first_test_info = test_case->test_info_list()[0];
-  const internal::TypeId first_fixture_id = first_test_info->fixture_class_id_;
-  const char* const first_test_name = first_test_info->name();
-
-  // Info about the current test.
-  const TestInfo* const this_test_info = impl->current_test_info();
-  const internal::TypeId this_fixture_id = this_test_info->fixture_class_id_;
-  const char* const this_test_name = this_test_info->name();
-
-  if (this_fixture_id != first_fixture_id) {
-    // Is the first test defined using TEST?
-    const bool first_is_TEST = first_fixture_id == internal::GetTestTypeId();
-    // Is this test defined using TEST?
-    const bool this_is_TEST = this_fixture_id == internal::GetTestTypeId();
-
-    if (first_is_TEST || this_is_TEST) {
-      // The user mixed TEST and TEST_F in this test case - we'll tell
-      // him/her how to fix it.
-
-      // Gets the name of the TEST and the name of the TEST_F.  Note
-      // that first_is_TEST and this_is_TEST cannot both be true, as
-      // the fixture IDs are different for the two tests.
-      const char* const TEST_name =
-          first_is_TEST ? first_test_name : this_test_name;
-      const char* const TEST_F_name =
-          first_is_TEST ? this_test_name : first_test_name;
-
-      ADD_FAILURE()
-          << "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
-          << "class, so mixing TEST_F and TEST in the same test case is\n"
-          << "illegal.  In test case " << this_test_info->test_case_name()
-          << ",\n"
-          << "test " << TEST_F_name << " is defined using TEST_F but\n"
-          << "test " << TEST_name << " is defined using TEST.  You probably\n"
-          << "want to change the TEST to TEST_F or move it to another test\n"
-          << "case.";
-    } else {
-      // The user defined two fixture classes with the same name in
-      // two namespaces - we'll tell him/her how to fix it.
-      ADD_FAILURE()
-          << "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
-          << "class.  However, in test case "
-          << this_test_info->test_case_name() << ",\n"
-          << "you defined test " << first_test_name
-          << " and test " << this_test_name << "\n"
-          << "using two different test fixture classes.  This can happen if\n"
-          << "the two classes are from different namespaces or translation\n"
-          << "units and have the same name.  You should probably rename one\n"
-          << "of the classes to put the tests into different test cases.";
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
-
-// Adds an "exception thrown" fatal failure to the current test.  This
-// function returns its result via an output parameter pointer because VC++
-// prohibits creation of objects with destructors on stack in functions
-// using __try (see error C2712).
-static std::string* FormatSehExceptionMessage(DWORD exception_code,
-                                              const char* location) {
-  Message message;
-  message << "SEH exception with code 0x" << std::setbase(16) <<
-    exception_code << std::setbase(10) << " thrown in " << location << ".";
-
-  return new std::string(message.GetString());
-}
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
-
-namespace internal {
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-
-// Adds an "exception thrown" fatal failure to the current test.
-static std::string FormatCxxExceptionMessage(const char* description,
-                                             const char* location) {
-  Message message;
-  if (description != NULL) {
-    message << "C++ exception with description \"" << description << "\"";
-  } else {
-    message << "Unknown C++ exception";
-  }
-  message << " thrown in " << location << ".";
-
-  return message.GetString();
-}
-
-static std::string PrintTestPartResultToString(
-    const TestPartResult& test_part_result);
-
-GoogleTestFailureException::GoogleTestFailureException(
-    const TestPartResult& failure)
-    : ::std::runtime_error(PrintTestPartResultToString(failure).c_str()) {}
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-
-// We put these helper functions in the internal namespace as IBM's xlC
-// compiler rejects the code if they were declared static.
-
-// Runs the given method and handles SEH exceptions it throws, when
-// SEH is supported; returns the 0-value for type Result in case of an
-// SEH exception.  (Microsoft compilers cannot handle SEH and C++
-// exceptions in the same function.  Therefore, we provide a separate
-// wrapper function for handling SEH exceptions.)
-template <class T, typename Result>
-Result HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
-    T* object, Result (T::*method)(), const char* location) {
-#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
-  __try {
-    return (object->*method)();
-  } __except (internal::UnitTestOptions::GTestShouldProcessSEH(  // NOLINT
-      GetExceptionCode())) {
-    // We create the exception message on the heap because VC++ prohibits
-    // creation of objects with destructors on stack in functions using __try
-    // (see error C2712).
-    std::string* exception_message = FormatSehExceptionMessage(
-        GetExceptionCode(), location);
-    internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
-                                             *exception_message);
-    delete exception_message;
-    return static_cast<Result>(0);
-  }
-#else
-  (void)location;
-  return (object->*method)();
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
-}
-
-// Runs the given method and catches and reports C++ and/or SEH-style
-// exceptions, if they are supported; returns the 0-value for type
-// Result in case of an SEH exception.
-template <class T, typename Result>
-Result HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
-    T* object, Result (T::*method)(), const char* location) {
-  // NOTE: The user code can affect the way in which Google Test handles
-  // exceptions by setting GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions), but only before
-  // RUN_ALL_TESTS() starts. It is technically possible to check the flag
-  // after the exception is caught and either report or re-throw the
-  // exception based on the flag's value:
-  //
-  // try {
-  //   // Perform the test method.
-  // } catch (...) {
-  //   if (GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions))
-  //     // Report the exception as failure.
-  //   else
-  //     throw;  // Re-throws the original exception.
-  // }
-  //
-  // However, the purpose of this flag is to allow the program to drop into
-  // the debugger when the exception is thrown. On most platforms, once the
-  // control enters the catch block, the exception origin information is
-  // lost and the debugger will stop the program at the point of the
-  // re-throw in this function -- instead of at the point of the original
-  // throw statement in the code under test.  For this reason, we perform
-  // the check early, sacrificing the ability to affect Google Test's
-  // exception handling in the method where the exception is thrown.
-  if (internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->catch_exceptions()) {
-#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-    try {
-      return HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(object, method, location);
-    } catch (const internal::GoogleTestFailureException&) {  // NOLINT
-      // This exception type can only be thrown by a failed Google
-      // Test assertion with the intention of letting another testing
-      // framework catch it.  Therefore we just re-throw it.
-      throw;
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {  // NOLINT
-      internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
-          TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
-          FormatCxxExceptionMessage(e.what(), location));
-    } catch (...) {  // NOLINT
-      internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
-          TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
-          FormatCxxExceptionMessage(NULL, location));
-    }
-    return static_cast<Result>(0);
-#else
-    return HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(object, method, location);
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-  } else {
-    return (object->*method)();
-  }
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-// Runs the test and updates the test result.
-void Test::Run() {
-  if (!HasSameFixtureClass()) return;
-
-  internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
-  impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
-  internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(this, &Test::SetUp, "SetUp()");
-  // We will run the test only if SetUp() was successful.
-  if (!HasFatalFailure()) {
-    impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
-    internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
-        this, &Test::TestBody, "the test body");
-  }
-
-  // However, we want to clean up as much as possible.  Hence we will
-  // always call TearDown(), even if SetUp() or the test body has
-  // failed.
-  impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
-  internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
-      this, &Test::TearDown, "TearDown()");
-}
-
-// Returns true iff the current test has a fatal failure.
-bool Test::HasFatalFailure() {
-  return internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->HasFatalFailure();
-}
-
-// Returns true iff the current test has a non-fatal failure.
-bool Test::HasNonfatalFailure() {
-  return internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->
-      HasNonfatalFailure();
-}
-
-// class TestInfo
-
-// Constructs a TestInfo object. It assumes ownership of the test factory
-// object.
-TestInfo::TestInfo(const std::string& a_test_case_name,
-                   const std::string& a_name,
-                   const char* a_type_param,
-                   const char* a_value_param,
-                   internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
-                   internal::TestFactoryBase* factory)
-    : test_case_name_(a_test_case_name),
-      name_(a_name),
-      type_param_(a_type_param ? new std::string(a_type_param) : NULL),
-      value_param_(a_value_param ? new std::string(a_value_param) : NULL),
-      fixture_class_id_(fixture_class_id),
-      should_run_(false),
-      is_disabled_(false),
-      matches_filter_(false),
-      factory_(factory),
-      result_() {}
-
-// Destructs a TestInfo object.
-TestInfo::~TestInfo() { delete factory_; }
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// Creates a new TestInfo object and registers it with Google Test;
-// returns the created object.
-//
-// Arguments:
-//
-//   test_case_name:   name of the test case
-//   name:             name of the test
-//   type_param:       the name of the test's type parameter, or NULL if
-//                     this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test.
-//   value_param:      text representation of the test's value parameter,
-//                     or NULL if this is not a value-parameterized test.
-//   fixture_class_id: ID of the test fixture class
-//   set_up_tc:        pointer to the function that sets up the test case
-//   tear_down_tc:     pointer to the function that tears down the test case
-//   factory:          pointer to the factory that creates a test object.
-//                     The newly created TestInfo instance will assume
-//                     ownership of the factory object.
-TestInfo* MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-    const char* test_case_name,
-    const char* name,
-    const char* type_param,
-    const char* value_param,
-    TypeId fixture_class_id,
-    SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
-    TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc,
-    TestFactoryBase* factory) {
-  TestInfo* const test_info =
-      new TestInfo(test_case_name, name, type_param, value_param,
-                   fixture_class_id, factory);
-  GetUnitTestImpl()->AddTestInfo(set_up_tc, tear_down_tc, test_info);
-  return test_info;
-}
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-void ReportInvalidTestCaseType(const char* test_case_name,
-                               const char* file, int line) {
-  Message errors;
-  errors
-      << "Attempted redefinition of test case " << test_case_name << ".\n"
-      << "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
-      << "class.  However, in test case " << test_case_name << ", you tried\n"
-      << "to define a test using a fixture class different from the one\n"
-      << "used earlier. This can happen if the two fixture classes are\n"
-      << "from different namespaces and have the same name. You should\n"
-      << "probably rename one of the classes to put the tests into different\n"
-      << "test cases.";
-
-  fprintf(stderr, "%s %s", FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str(),
-          errors.GetString().c_str());
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-namespace {
-
-// A predicate that checks the test name of a TestInfo against a known
-// value.
-//
-// This is used for implementation of the TestCase class only.  We put
-// it in the anonymous namespace to prevent polluting the outer
-// namespace.
-//
-// TestNameIs is copyable.
-class TestNameIs {
- public:
-  // Constructor.
-  //
-  // TestNameIs has NO default constructor.
-  explicit TestNameIs(const char* name)
-      : name_(name) {}
-
-  // Returns true iff the test name of test_info matches name_.
-  bool operator()(const TestInfo * test_info) const {
-    return test_info && test_info->name() == name_;
-  }
-
- private:
-  std::string name_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// This method expands all parameterized tests registered with macros TEST_P
-// and INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P into regular tests and registers those.
-// This will be done just once during the program runtime.
-void UnitTestImpl::RegisterParameterizedTests() {
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-  if (!parameterized_tests_registered_) {
-    parameterized_test_registry_.RegisterTests();
-    parameterized_tests_registered_ = true;
-  }
-#endif
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-// Creates the test object, runs it, records its result, and then
-// deletes it.
-void TestInfo::Run() {
-  if (!should_run_) return;
-
-  // Tells UnitTest where to store test result.
-  internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
-  impl->set_current_test_info(this);
-
-  TestEventListener* repeater = UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners().repeater();
-
-  // Notifies the unit test event listeners that a test is about to start.
-  repeater->OnTestStart(*this);
-
-  const TimeInMillis start = internal::GetTimeInMillis();
-
-  impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
-
-  // Creates the test object.
-  Test* const test = internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
-      factory_, &internal::TestFactoryBase::CreateTest,
-      "the test fixture's constructor");
-
-  // Runs the test only if the test object was created and its
-  // constructor didn't generate a fatal failure.
-  if ((test != NULL) && !Test::HasFatalFailure()) {
-    // This doesn't throw as all user code that can throw are wrapped into
-    // exception handling code.
-    test->Run();
-  }
-
-  // Deletes the test object.
-  impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
-  internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
-      test, &Test::DeleteSelf_, "the test fixture's destructor");
-
-  result_.set_elapsed_time(internal::GetTimeInMillis() - start);
-
-  // Notifies the unit test event listener that a test has just finished.
-  repeater->OnTestEnd(*this);
-
-  // Tells UnitTest to stop associating assertion results to this
-  // test.
-  impl->set_current_test_info(NULL);
-}
-
-// class TestCase
-
-// Gets the number of successful tests in this test case.
-int TestCase::successful_test_count() const {
-  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestPassed);
-}
-
-// Gets the number of failed tests in this test case.
-int TestCase::failed_test_count() const {
-  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestFailed);
-}
-
-// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
-int TestCase::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
-  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestReportableDisabled);
-}
-
-// Gets the number of disabled tests in this test case.
-int TestCase::disabled_test_count() const {
-  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestDisabled);
-}
-
-// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
-int TestCase::reportable_test_count() const {
-  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestReportable);
-}
-
-// Get the number of tests in this test case that should run.
-int TestCase::test_to_run_count() const {
-  return CountIf(test_info_list_, ShouldRunTest);
-}
-
-// Gets the number of all tests.
-int TestCase::total_test_count() const {
-  return static_cast<int>(test_info_list_.size());
-}
-
-// Creates a TestCase with the given name.
-//
-// Arguments:
-//
-//   name:         name of the test case
-//   a_type_param: the name of the test case's type parameter, or NULL if
-//                 this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test case.
-//   set_up_tc:    pointer to the function that sets up the test case
-//   tear_down_tc: pointer to the function that tears down the test case
-TestCase::TestCase(const char* a_name, const char* a_type_param,
-                   Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
-                   Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc)
-    : name_(a_name),
-      type_param_(a_type_param ? new std::string(a_type_param) : NULL),
-      set_up_tc_(set_up_tc),
-      tear_down_tc_(tear_down_tc),
-      should_run_(false),
-      elapsed_time_(0) {
-}
-
-// Destructor of TestCase.
-TestCase::~TestCase() {
-  // Deletes every Test in the collection.
-  ForEach(test_info_list_, internal::Delete<TestInfo>);
-}
-
-// Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
-// total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
-const TestInfo* TestCase::GetTestInfo(int i) const {
-  const int index = GetElementOr(test_indices_, i, -1);
-  return index < 0 ? NULL : test_info_list_[index];
-}
-
-// Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
-// total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
-TestInfo* TestCase::GetMutableTestInfo(int i) {
-  const int index = GetElementOr(test_indices_, i, -1);
-  return index < 0 ? NULL : test_info_list_[index];
-}
-
-// Adds a test to this test case.  Will delete the test upon
-// destruction of the TestCase object.
-void TestCase::AddTestInfo(TestInfo * test_info) {
-  test_info_list_.push_back(test_info);
-  test_indices_.push_back(static_cast<int>(test_indices_.size()));
-}
-
-// Runs every test in this TestCase.
-void TestCase::Run() {
-  if (!should_run_) return;
-
-  internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
-  impl->set_current_test_case(this);
-
-  TestEventListener* repeater = UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners().repeater();
-
-  repeater->OnTestCaseStart(*this);
-  impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
-  internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
-      this, &TestCase::RunSetUpTestCase, "SetUpTestCase()");
-
-  const internal::TimeInMillis start = internal::GetTimeInMillis();
-  for (int i = 0; i < total_test_count(); i++) {
-    GetMutableTestInfo(i)->Run();
-  }
-  elapsed_time_ = internal::GetTimeInMillis() - start;
-
-  impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
-  internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
-      this, &TestCase::RunTearDownTestCase, "TearDownTestCase()");
-
-  repeater->OnTestCaseEnd(*this);
-  impl->set_current_test_case(NULL);
-}
-
-// Clears the results of all tests in this test case.
-void TestCase::ClearResult() {
-  ad_hoc_test_result_.Clear();
-  ForEach(test_info_list_, TestInfo::ClearTestResult);
-}
-
-// Shuffles the tests in this test case.
-void TestCase::ShuffleTests(internal::Random* random) {
-  Shuffle(random, &test_indices_);
-}
-
-// Restores the test order to before the first shuffle.
-void TestCase::UnshuffleTests() {
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < test_indices_.size(); i++) {
-    test_indices_[i] = static_cast<int>(i);
-  }
-}
-
-// Formats a countable noun.  Depending on its quantity, either the
-// singular form or the plural form is used. e.g.
-//
-// FormatCountableNoun(1, "formula", "formuli") returns "1 formula".
-// FormatCountableNoun(5, "book", "books") returns "5 books".
-static std::string FormatCountableNoun(int count,
-                                       const char * singular_form,
-                                       const char * plural_form) {
-  return internal::StreamableToString(count) + " " +
-      (count == 1 ? singular_form : plural_form);
-}
-
-// Formats the count of tests.
-static std::string FormatTestCount(int test_count) {
-  return FormatCountableNoun(test_count, "test", "tests");
-}
-
-// Formats the count of test cases.
-static std::string FormatTestCaseCount(int test_case_count) {
-  return FormatCountableNoun(test_case_count, "test case", "test cases");
-}
-
-// Converts a TestPartResult::Type enum to human-friendly string
-// representation.  Both kNonFatalFailure and kFatalFailure are translated
-// to "Failure", as the user usually doesn't care about the difference
-// between the two when viewing the test result.
-static const char * TestPartResultTypeToString(TestPartResult::Type type) {
-  switch (type) {
-    case TestPartResult::kSuccess:
-      return "Success";
-
-    case TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure:
-    case TestPartResult::kFatalFailure:
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-      return "error: ";
-#else
-      return "Failure\n";
-#endif
-    default:
-      return "Unknown result type";
-  }
-}
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// Prints a TestPartResult to an std::string.
-static std::string PrintTestPartResultToString(
-    const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
-  return (Message()
-          << internal::FormatFileLocation(test_part_result.file_name(),
-                                          test_part_result.line_number())
-          << " " << TestPartResultTypeToString(test_part_result.type())
-          << test_part_result.message()).GetString();
-}
-
-// Prints a TestPartResult.
-static void PrintTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
-  const std::string& result =
-      PrintTestPartResultToString(test_part_result);
-  printf("%s\n", result.c_str());
-  fflush(stdout);
-  // If the test program runs in Visual Studio or a debugger, the
-  // following statements add the test part result message to the Output
-  // window such that the user can double-click on it to jump to the
-  // corresponding source code location; otherwise they do nothing.
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-  // We don't call OutputDebugString*() on Windows Mobile, as printing
-  // to stdout is done by OutputDebugString() there already - we don't
-  // want the same message printed twice.
-  ::OutputDebugStringA(result.c_str());
-  ::OutputDebugStringA("\n");
-#endif
-}
-
-// class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter
-
-enum GTestColor {
-  COLOR_DEFAULT,
-  COLOR_RED,
-  COLOR_GREEN,
-  COLOR_YELLOW
-};
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-
-// Returns the character attribute for the given color.
-WORD GetColorAttribute(GTestColor color) {
-  switch (color) {
-    case COLOR_RED:    return FOREGROUND_RED;
-    case COLOR_GREEN:  return FOREGROUND_GREEN;
-    case COLOR_YELLOW: return FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN;
-    default:           return 0;
-  }
-}
-
-#else
-
-// Returns the ANSI color code for the given color.  COLOR_DEFAULT is
-// an invalid input.
-const char* GetAnsiColorCode(GTestColor color) {
-  switch (color) {
-    case COLOR_RED:     return "1";
-    case COLOR_GREEN:   return "2";
-    case COLOR_YELLOW:  return "3";
-    default:            return NULL;
-  };
-}
-
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-
-// Returns true iff Google Test should use colors in the output.
-bool ShouldUseColor(bool stdout_is_tty) {
-  const char* const gtest_color = GTEST_FLAG(color).c_str();
-
-  if (String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "auto")) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-    // On Windows the TERM variable is usually not set, but the
-    // console there does support colors.
-    return stdout_is_tty;
-#else
-    // On non-Windows platforms, we rely on the TERM variable.
-    const char* const term = posix::GetEnv("TERM");
-    const bool term_supports_color =
-        String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm") ||
-        String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-color") ||
-        String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-256color") ||
-        String::CStringEquals(term, "screen") ||
-        String::CStringEquals(term, "screen-256color") ||
-        String::CStringEquals(term, "linux") ||
-        String::CStringEquals(term, "cygwin");
-    return stdout_is_tty && term_supports_color;
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-  }
-
-  return String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "yes") ||
-      String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "true") ||
-      String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "t") ||
-      String::CStringEquals(gtest_color, "1");
-  // We take "yes", "true", "t", and "1" as meaning "yes".  If the
-  // value is neither one of these nor "auto", we treat it as "no" to
-  // be conservative.
-}
-
-// Helpers for printing colored strings to stdout. Note that on Windows, we
-// cannot simply emit special characters and have the terminal change colors.
-// This routine must actually emit the characters rather than return a string
-// that would be colored when printed, as can be done on Linux.
-void ColoredPrintf(GTestColor color, const char* fmt, ...) {
-  va_list args;
-  va_start(args, fmt);
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_ZOS || GTEST_OS_IOS
-  const bool use_color = false;
-#else
-  static const bool in_color_mode =
-      ShouldUseColor(posix::IsATTY(posix::FileNo(stdout)) != 0);
-  const bool use_color = in_color_mode && (color != COLOR_DEFAULT);
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_ZOS
-  // The '!= 0' comparison is necessary to satisfy MSVC 7.1.
-
-  if (!use_color) {
-    vprintf(fmt, args);
-    va_end(args);
-    return;
-  }
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-  const HANDLE stdout_handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
-
-  // Gets the current text color.
-  CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO buffer_info;
-  GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(stdout_handle, &buffer_info);
-  const WORD old_color_attrs = buffer_info.wAttributes;
-
-  // We need to flush the stream buffers into the console before each
-  // SetConsoleTextAttribute call lest it affect the text that is already
-  // printed but has not yet reached the console.
-  fflush(stdout);
-  SetConsoleTextAttribute(stdout_handle,
-                          GetColorAttribute(color) | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
-  vprintf(fmt, args);
-
-  fflush(stdout);
-  // Restores the text color.
-  SetConsoleTextAttribute(stdout_handle, old_color_attrs);
-#else
-  printf("\033[0;3%sm", GetAnsiColorCode(color));
-  vprintf(fmt, args);
-  printf("\033[m");  // Resets the terminal to default.
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-  va_end(args);
-}
-
-// Text printed in Google Test's text output and --gunit_list_tests
-// output to label the type parameter and value parameter for a test.
-static const char kTypeParamLabel[] = "TypeParam";
-static const char kValueParamLabel[] = "GetParam()";
-
-void PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(const TestInfo& test_info) {
-  const char* const type_param = test_info.type_param();
-  const char* const value_param = test_info.value_param();
-
-  if (type_param != NULL || value_param != NULL) {
-    printf(", where ");
-    if (type_param != NULL) {
-      printf("%s = %s", kTypeParamLabel, type_param);
-      if (value_param != NULL)
-        printf(" and ");
-    }
-    if (value_param != NULL) {
-      printf("%s = %s", kValueParamLabel, value_param);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-// This class implements the TestEventListener interface.
-//
-// Class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter is copyable.
-class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter : public TestEventListener {
- public:
-  PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter() {}
-  static void PrintTestName(const char * test_case, const char * test) {
-    printf("%s.%s", test_case, test);
-  }
-
-  // The following methods override what's in the TestEventListener class.
-  virtual void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
-  virtual void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration);
-  virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(const UnitTest& unit_test);
-  virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
-  virtual void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case);
-  virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info);
-  virtual void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& result);
-  virtual void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info);
-  virtual void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case);
-  virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(const UnitTest& unit_test);
-  virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
-  virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration);
-  virtual void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
-
- private:
-  static void PrintFailedTests(const UnitTest& unit_test);
-};
-
-  // Fired before each iteration of tests starts.
-void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationStart(
-    const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration) {
-  if (GTEST_FLAG(repeat) != 1)
-    printf("\nRepeating all tests (iteration %d) . . .\n\n", iteration + 1);
-
-  const char* const filter = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();
-
-  // Prints the filter if it's not *.  This reminds the user that some
-  // tests may be skipped.
-  if (!String::CStringEquals(filter, kUniversalFilter)) {
-    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
-                  "Note: %s filter = %s\n", GTEST_NAME_, filter);
-  }
-
-  if (internal::ShouldShard(kTestTotalShards, kTestShardIndex, false)) {
-    const Int32 shard_index = Int32FromEnvOrDie(kTestShardIndex, -1);
-    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
-                  "Note: This is test shard %d of %s.\n",
-                  static_cast<int>(shard_index) + 1,
-                  internal::posix::GetEnv(kTestTotalShards));
-  }
-
-  if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
-    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
-                  "Note: Randomizing tests' orders with a seed of %d .\n",
-                  unit_test.random_seed());
-  }
-
-  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[==========] ");
-  printf("Running %s from %s.\n",
-         FormatTestCount(unit_test.test_to_run_count()).c_str(),
-         FormatTestCaseCount(unit_test.test_case_to_run_count()).c_str());
-  fflush(stdout);
-}
-
-void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(
-    const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {
-  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[----------] ");
-  printf("Global test environment set-up.\n");
-  fflush(stdout);
-}
-
-void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case) {
-  const std::string counts =
-      FormatCountableNoun(test_case.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests");
-  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
-  printf("%s from %s", counts.c_str(), test_case.name());
-  if (test_case.type_param() == NULL) {
-    printf("\n");
-  } else {
-    printf(", where %s = %s\n", kTypeParamLabel, test_case.type_param());
-  }
-  fflush(stdout);
-}
-
-void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) {
-  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[ RUN      ] ");
-  PrintTestName(test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
-  printf("\n");
-  fflush(stdout);
-}
-
-// Called after an assertion failure.
-void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestPartResult(
-    const TestPartResult& result) {
-  // If the test part succeeded, we don't need to do anything.
-  if (result.type() == TestPartResult::kSuccess)
-    return;
-
-  // Print failure message from the assertion (e.g. expected this and got that).
-  PrintTestPartResult(result);
-  fflush(stdout);
-}
-
-void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) {
-  if (test_info.result()->Passed()) {
-    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[       OK ] ");
-  } else {
-    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, "[  FAILED  ] ");
-  }
-  PrintTestName(test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
-  if (test_info.result()->Failed())
-    PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(test_info);
-
-  if (GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) {
-    printf(" (%s ms)\n", internal::StreamableToString(
-           test_info.result()->elapsed_time()).c_str());
-  } else {
-    printf("\n");
-  }
-  fflush(stdout);
-}
-
-void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case) {
-  if (!GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) return;
-
-  const std::string counts =
-      FormatCountableNoun(test_case.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests");
-  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
-  printf("%s from %s (%s ms total)\n\n",
-         counts.c_str(), test_case.name(),
-         internal::StreamableToString(test_case.elapsed_time()).c_str());
-  fflush(stdout);
-}
-
-void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(
-    const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {
-  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[----------] ");
-  printf("Global test environment tear-down\n");
-  fflush(stdout);
-}
-
-// Internal helper for printing the list of failed tests.
-void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintFailedTests(const UnitTest& unit_test) {
-  const int failed_test_count = unit_test.failed_test_count();
-  if (failed_test_count == 0) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i) {
-    const TestCase& test_case = *unit_test.GetTestCase(i);
-    if (!test_case.should_run() || (test_case.failed_test_count() == 0)) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    for (int j = 0; j < test_case.total_test_count(); ++j) {
-      const TestInfo& test_info = *test_case.GetTestInfo(j);
-      if (!test_info.should_run() || test_info.result()->Passed()) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, "[  FAILED  ] ");
-      printf("%s.%s", test_case.name(), test_info.name());
-      PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(test_info);
-      printf("\n");
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
-                                                     int /*iteration*/) {
-  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[==========] ");
-  printf("%s from %s ran.",
-         FormatTestCount(unit_test.test_to_run_count()).c_str(),
-         FormatTestCaseCount(unit_test.test_case_to_run_count()).c_str());
-  if (GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) {
-    printf(" (%s ms total)",
-           internal::StreamableToString(unit_test.elapsed_time()).c_str());
-  }
-  printf("\n");
-  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[  PASSED  ] ");
-  printf("%s.\n", FormatTestCount(unit_test.successful_test_count()).c_str());
-
-  int num_failures = unit_test.failed_test_count();
-  if (!unit_test.Passed()) {
-    const int failed_test_count = unit_test.failed_test_count();
-    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED,  "[  FAILED  ] ");
-    printf("%s, listed below:\n", FormatTestCount(failed_test_count).c_str());
-    PrintFailedTests(unit_test);
-    printf("\n%2d FAILED %s\n", num_failures,
-                        num_failures == 1 ? "TEST" : "TESTS");
-  }
-
-  int num_disabled = unit_test.reportable_disabled_test_count();
-  if (num_disabled && !GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests)) {
-    if (!num_failures) {
-      printf("\n");  // Add a spacer if no FAILURE banner is displayed.
-    }
-    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
-                  "  YOU HAVE %d DISABLED %s\n\n",
-                  num_disabled,
-                  num_disabled == 1 ? "TEST" : "TESTS");
-  }
-  // Ensure that Google Test output is printed before, e.g., heapchecker output.
-  fflush(stdout);
-}
-
-// End PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter
-
-// class TestEventRepeater
-//
-// This class forwards events to other event listeners.
-class TestEventRepeater : public TestEventListener {
- public:
-  TestEventRepeater() : forwarding_enabled_(true) {}
-  virtual ~TestEventRepeater();
-  void Append(TestEventListener *listener);
-  TestEventListener* Release(TestEventListener* listener);
-
-  // Controls whether events will be forwarded to listeners_. Set to false
-  // in death test child processes.
-  bool forwarding_enabled() const { return forwarding_enabled_; }
-  void set_forwarding_enabled(bool enable) { forwarding_enabled_ = enable; }
-
-  virtual void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& unit_test);
-  virtual void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration);
-  virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(const UnitTest& unit_test);
-  virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test);
-  virtual void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case);
-  virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info);
-  virtual void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& result);
-  virtual void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info);
-  virtual void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case);
-  virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(const UnitTest& unit_test);
-  virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test);
-  virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration);
-  virtual void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test);
-
- private:
-  // Controls whether events will be forwarded to listeners_. Set to false
-  // in death test child processes.
-  bool forwarding_enabled_;
-  // The list of listeners that receive events.
-  std::vector<TestEventListener*> listeners_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestEventRepeater);
-};
-
-TestEventRepeater::~TestEventRepeater() {
-  ForEach(listeners_, Delete<TestEventListener>);
-}
-
-void TestEventRepeater::Append(TestEventListener *listener) {
-  listeners_.push_back(listener);
-}
-
-// TODO(vladl@google.com): Factor the search functionality into Vector::Find.
-TestEventListener* TestEventRepeater::Release(TestEventListener *listener) {
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); ++i) {
-    if (listeners_[i] == listener) {
-      listeners_.erase(listeners_.begin() + i);
-      return listener;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return NULL;
-}
-
-// Since most methods are very similar, use macros to reduce boilerplate.
-// This defines a member that forwards the call to all listeners.
-#define GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(Name, Type) \
-void TestEventRepeater::Name(const Type& parameter) { \
-  if (forwarding_enabled_) { \
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); i++) { \
-      listeners_[i]->Name(parameter); \
-    } \
-  } \
-}
-// This defines a member that forwards the call to all listeners in reverse
-// order.
-#define GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(Name, Type) \
-void TestEventRepeater::Name(const Type& parameter) { \
-  if (forwarding_enabled_) { \
-    for (int i = static_cast<int>(listeners_.size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--) { \
-      listeners_[i]->Name(parameter); \
-    } \
-  } \
-}
-
-GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestProgramStart, UnitTest)
-GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart, UnitTest)
-GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestCaseStart, TestCase)
-GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestStart, TestInfo)
-GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestPartResult, TestPartResult)
-GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart, UnitTest)
-GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd, UnitTest)
-GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd, UnitTest)
-GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestEnd, TestInfo)
-GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestCaseEnd, TestCase)
-GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestProgramEnd, UnitTest)
-
-#undef GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_
-#undef GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_
-
-void TestEventRepeater::OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& unit_test,
-                                             int iteration) {
-  if (forwarding_enabled_) {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); i++) {
-      listeners_[i]->OnTestIterationStart(unit_test, iteration);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void TestEventRepeater::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
-                                           int iteration) {
-  if (forwarding_enabled_) {
-    for (int i = static_cast<int>(listeners_.size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-      listeners_[i]->OnTestIterationEnd(unit_test, iteration);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-// End TestEventRepeater
-
-// This class generates an XML output file.
-class XmlUnitTestResultPrinter : public EmptyTestEventListener {
- public:
-  explicit XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(const char* output_file);
-
-  virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration);
-
- private:
-  // Is c a whitespace character that is normalized to a space character
-  // when it appears in an XML attribute value?
-  static bool IsNormalizableWhitespace(char c) {
-    return c == 0x9 || c == 0xA || c == 0xD;
-  }
-
-  // May c appear in a well-formed XML document?
-  static bool IsValidXmlCharacter(char c) {
-    return IsNormalizableWhitespace(c) || c >= 0x20;
-  }
-
-  // Returns an XML-escaped copy of the input string str.  If
-  // is_attribute is true, the text is meant to appear as an attribute
-  // value, and normalizable whitespace is preserved by replacing it
-  // with character references.
-  static std::string EscapeXml(const std::string& str, bool is_attribute);
-
-  // Returns the given string with all characters invalid in XML removed.
-  static std::string RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(const std::string& str);
-
-  // Convenience wrapper around EscapeXml when str is an attribute value.
-  static std::string EscapeXmlAttribute(const std::string& str) {
-    return EscapeXml(str, true);
-  }
-
-  // Convenience wrapper around EscapeXml when str is not an attribute value.
-  static std::string EscapeXmlText(const char* str) {
-    return EscapeXml(str, false);
-  }
-
-  // Verifies that the given attribute belongs to the given element and
-  // streams the attribute as XML.
-  static void OutputXmlAttribute(std::ostream* stream,
-                                 const std::string& element_name,
-                                 const std::string& name,
-                                 const std::string& value);
-
-  // Streams an XML CDATA section, escaping invalid CDATA sequences as needed.
-  static void OutputXmlCDataSection(::std::ostream* stream, const char* data);
-
-  // Streams an XML representation of a TestInfo object.
-  static void OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
-                                const char* test_case_name,
-                                const TestInfo& test_info);
-
-  // Prints an XML representation of a TestCase object
-  static void PrintXmlTestCase(::std::ostream* stream,
-                               const TestCase& test_case);
-
-  // Prints an XML summary of unit_test to output stream out.
-  static void PrintXmlUnitTest(::std::ostream* stream,
-                               const UnitTest& unit_test);
-
-  // Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
-  // delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
-  // When the std::string is not empty, it includes a space at the beginning,
-  // to delimit this attribute from prior attributes.
-  static std::string TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(const TestResult& result);
-
-  // The output file.
-  const std::string output_file_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(XmlUnitTestResultPrinter);
-};
-
-// Creates a new XmlUnitTestResultPrinter.
-XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(const char* output_file)
-    : output_file_(output_file) {
-  if (output_file_.c_str() == NULL || output_file_.empty()) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "XML output file may not be null\n");
-    fflush(stderr);
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-  }
-}
-
-// Called after the unit test ends.
-void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
-                                                  int /*iteration*/) {
-  FILE* xmlout = NULL;
-  FilePath output_file(output_file_);
-  FilePath output_dir(output_file.RemoveFileName());
-
-  if (output_dir.CreateDirectoriesRecursively()) {
-    xmlout = posix::FOpen(output_file_.c_str(), "w");
-  }
-  if (xmlout == NULL) {
-    // TODO(wan): report the reason of the failure.
-    //
-    // We don't do it for now as:
-    //
-    //   1. There is no urgent need for it.
-    //   2. It's a bit involved to make the errno variable thread-safe on
-    //      all three operating systems (Linux, Windows, and Mac OS).
-    //   3. To interpret the meaning of errno in a thread-safe way,
-    //      we need the strerror_r() function, which is not available on
-    //      Windows.
-    fprintf(stderr,
-            "Unable to open file \"%s\"\n",
-            output_file_.c_str());
-    fflush(stderr);
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-  }
-  std::stringstream stream;
-  PrintXmlUnitTest(&stream, unit_test);
-  fprintf(xmlout, "%s", StringStreamToString(&stream).c_str());
-  fclose(xmlout);
-}
-
-// Returns an XML-escaped copy of the input string str.  If is_attribute
-// is true, the text is meant to appear as an attribute value, and
-// normalizable whitespace is preserved by replacing it with character
-// references.
-//
-// Invalid XML characters in str, if any, are stripped from the output.
-// It is expected that most, if not all, of the text processed by this
-// module will consist of ordinary English text.
-// If this module is ever modified to produce version 1.1 XML output,
-// most invalid characters can be retained using character references.
-// TODO(wan): It might be nice to have a minimally invasive, human-readable
-// escaping scheme for invalid characters, rather than dropping them.
-std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::EscapeXml(
-    const std::string& str, bool is_attribute) {
-  Message m;
-
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {
-    const char ch = str[i];
-    switch (ch) {
-      case '<':
-        m << "&lt;";
-        break;
-      case '>':
-        m << "&gt;";
-        break;
-      case '&':
-        m << "&amp;";
-        break;
-      case '\'':
-        if (is_attribute)
-          m << "&apos;";
-        else
-          m << '\'';
-        break;
-      case '"':
-        if (is_attribute)
-          m << "&quot;";
-        else
-          m << '"';
-        break;
-      default:
-        if (IsValidXmlCharacter(ch)) {
-          if (is_attribute && IsNormalizableWhitespace(ch))
-            m << "&#x" << String::FormatByte(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch))
-              << ";";
-          else
-            m << ch;
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return m.GetString();
-}
-
-// Returns the given string with all characters invalid in XML removed.
-// Currently invalid characters are dropped from the string. An
-// alternative is to replace them with certain characters such as . or ?.
-std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(
-    const std::string& str) {
-  std::string output;
-  output.reserve(str.size());
-  for (std::string::const_iterator it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); ++it)
-    if (IsValidXmlCharacter(*it))
-      output.push_back(*it);
-
-  return output;
-}
-
-// The following routines generate an XML representation of a UnitTest
-// object.
-//
-// This is how Google Test concepts map to the DTD:
-//
-// <testsuites name="AllTests">        <-- corresponds to a UnitTest object
-//   <testsuite name="testcase-name">  <-- corresponds to a TestCase object
-//     <testcase name="test-name">     <-- corresponds to a TestInfo object
-//       <failure message="...">...</failure>
-//       <failure message="...">...</failure>
-//       <failure message="...">...</failure>
-//                                     <-- individual assertion failures
-//     </testcase>
-//   </testsuite>
-// </testsuites>
-
-// Formats the given time in milliseconds as seconds.
-std::string FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(TimeInMillis ms) {
-  ::std::stringstream ss;
-  ss << ms/1000.0;
-  return ss.str();
-}
-
-// Converts the given epoch time in milliseconds to a date string in the ISO
-// 8601 format, without the timezone information.
-std::string FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(TimeInMillis ms) {
-  time_t seconds = static_cast<time_t>(ms / 1000);
-  struct tm time_struct;
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-  if (localtime_s(&time_struct, &seconds) != 0)
-    return "";  // Invalid ms value
-#else
-  if (localtime_r(&seconds, &time_struct) == NULL)
-    return "";  // Invalid ms value
-#endif
-
-  // YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
-  return StreamableToString(time_struct.tm_year + 1900) + "-" +
-      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_mon + 1) + "-" +
-      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_mday) + "T" +
-      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_hour) + ":" +
-      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_min) + ":" +
-      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_sec);
-}
-
-// Streams an XML CDATA section, escaping invalid CDATA sequences as needed.
-void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlCDataSection(::std::ostream* stream,
-                                                     const char* data) {
-  const char* segment = data;
-  *stream << "<![CDATA[";
-  for (;;) {
-    const char* const next_segment = strstr(segment, "]]>");
-    if (next_segment != NULL) {
-      stream->write(
-          segment, static_cast<std::streamsize>(next_segment - segment));
-      *stream << "]]>]]&gt;<![CDATA[";
-      segment = next_segment + strlen("]]>");
-    } else {
-      *stream << segment;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  *stream << "]]>";
-}
-
-void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlAttribute(
-    std::ostream* stream,
-    const std::string& element_name,
-    const std::string& name,
-    const std::string& value) {
-  const std::vector<std::string>& allowed_names =
-      GetReservedAttributesForElement(element_name);
-
-  GTEST_CHECK_(std::find(allowed_names.begin(), allowed_names.end(), name) !=
-                   allowed_names.end())
-      << "Attribute " << name << " is not allowed for element <" << element_name
-      << ">.";
-
-  *stream << " " << name << "=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(value) << "\"";
-}
-
-// Prints an XML representation of a TestInfo object.
-// TODO(wan): There is also value in printing properties with the plain printer.
-void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
-                                                 const char* test_case_name,
-                                                 const TestInfo& test_info) {
-  const TestResult& result = *test_info.result();
-  const std::string kTestcase = "testcase";
-
-  *stream << "    <testcase";
-  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "name", test_info.name());
-
-  if (test_info.value_param() != NULL) {
-    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "value_param",
-                       test_info.value_param());
-  }
-  if (test_info.type_param() != NULL) {
-    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "type_param", test_info.type_param());
-  }
-
-  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "status",
-                     test_info.should_run() ? "run" : "notrun");
-  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "time",
-                     FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(result.elapsed_time()));
-  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "classname", test_case_name);
-  *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(result);
-
-  int failures = 0;
-  for (int i = 0; i < result.total_part_count(); ++i) {
-    const TestPartResult& part = result.GetTestPartResult(i);
-    if (part.failed()) {
-      if (++failures == 1) {
-        *stream << ">\n";
-      }
-      const string location = internal::FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(
-          part.file_name(), part.line_number());
-      const string summary = location + "\n" + part.summary();
-      *stream << "      <failure message=\""
-              << EscapeXmlAttribute(summary.c_str())
-              << "\" type=\"\">";
-      const string detail = location + "\n" + part.message();
-      OutputXmlCDataSection(stream, RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(detail).c_str());
-      *stream << "</failure>\n";
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (failures == 0)
-    *stream << " />\n";
-  else
-    *stream << "    </testcase>\n";
-}
-
-// Prints an XML representation of a TestCase object
-void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlTestCase(std::ostream* stream,
-                                                const TestCase& test_case) {
-  const std::string kTestsuite = "testsuite";
-  *stream << "  <" << kTestsuite;
-  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "name", test_case.name());
-  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "tests",
-                     StreamableToString(test_case.reportable_test_count()));
-  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "failures",
-                     StreamableToString(test_case.failed_test_count()));
-  OutputXmlAttribute(
-      stream, kTestsuite, "disabled",
-      StreamableToString(test_case.reportable_disabled_test_count()));
-  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "errors", "0");
-  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "time",
-                     FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(test_case.elapsed_time()));
-  *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(test_case.ad_hoc_test_result())
-          << ">\n";
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < test_case.total_test_count(); ++i) {
-    if (test_case.GetTestInfo(i)->is_reportable())
-      OutputXmlTestInfo(stream, test_case.name(), *test_case.GetTestInfo(i));
-  }
-  *stream << "  </" << kTestsuite << ">\n";
-}
-
-// Prints an XML summary of unit_test to output stream out.
-void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlUnitTest(std::ostream* stream,
-                                                const UnitTest& unit_test) {
-  const std::string kTestsuites = "testsuites";
-
-  *stream << "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
-  *stream << "<" << kTestsuites;
-
-  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "tests",
-                     StreamableToString(unit_test.reportable_test_count()));
-  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "failures",
-                     StreamableToString(unit_test.failed_test_count()));
-  OutputXmlAttribute(
-      stream, kTestsuites, "disabled",
-      StreamableToString(unit_test.reportable_disabled_test_count()));
-  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "errors", "0");
-  OutputXmlAttribute(
-      stream, kTestsuites, "timestamp",
-      FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(unit_test.start_timestamp()));
-  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "time",
-                     FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(unit_test.elapsed_time()));
-
-  if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
-    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "random_seed",
-                       StreamableToString(unit_test.random_seed()));
-  }
-
-  *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(unit_test.ad_hoc_test_result());
-
-  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "name", "AllTests");
-  *stream << ">\n";
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i) {
-    if (unit_test.GetTestCase(i)->reportable_test_count() > 0)
-      PrintXmlTestCase(stream, *unit_test.GetTestCase(i));
-  }
-  *stream << "</" << kTestsuites << ">\n";
-}
-
-// Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
-// delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
-std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(
-    const TestResult& result) {
-  Message attributes;
-  for (int i = 0; i < result.test_property_count(); ++i) {
-    const TestProperty& property = result.GetTestProperty(i);
-    attributes << " " << property.key() << "="
-        << "\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(property.value()) << "\"";
-  }
-  return attributes.GetString();
-}
-
-// End XmlUnitTestResultPrinter
-
-#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
-
-// Checks if str contains '=', '&', '%' or '\n' characters. If yes,
-// replaces them by "%xx" where xx is their hexadecimal value. For
-// example, replaces "=" with "%3D".  This algorithm is O(strlen(str))
-// in both time and space -- important as the input str may contain an
-// arbitrarily long test failure message and stack trace.
-string StreamingListener::UrlEncode(const char* str) {
-  string result;
-  result.reserve(strlen(str) + 1);
-  for (char ch = *str; ch != '\0'; ch = *++str) {
-    switch (ch) {
-      case '%':
-      case '=':
-      case '&':
-      case '\n':
-        result.append("%" + String::FormatByte(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
-        break;
-      default:
-        result.push_back(ch);
-        break;
-    }
-  }
-  return result;
-}
-
-void StreamingListener::SocketWriter::MakeConnection() {
-  GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ == -1)
-      << "MakeConnection() can't be called when there is already a connection.";
-
-  addrinfo hints;
-  memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
-  hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;    // To allow both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
-  hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
-  addrinfo* servinfo = NULL;
-
-  // Use the getaddrinfo() to get a linked list of IP addresses for
-  // the given host name.
-  const int error_num = getaddrinfo(
-      host_name_.c_str(), port_num_.c_str(), &hints, &servinfo);
-  if (error_num != 0) {
-    GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << "stream_result_to: getaddrinfo() failed: "
-                        << gai_strerror(error_num);
-  }
-
-  // Loop through all the results and connect to the first we can.
-  for (addrinfo* cur_addr = servinfo; sockfd_ == -1 && cur_addr != NULL;
-       cur_addr = cur_addr->ai_next) {
-    sockfd_ = socket(
-        cur_addr->ai_family, cur_addr->ai_socktype, cur_addr->ai_protocol);
-    if (sockfd_ != -1) {
-      // Connect the client socket to the server socket.
-      if (connect(sockfd_, cur_addr->ai_addr, cur_addr->ai_addrlen) == -1) {
-        close(sockfd_);
-        sockfd_ = -1;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  freeaddrinfo(servinfo);  // all done with this structure
-
-  if (sockfd_ == -1) {
-    GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << "stream_result_to: failed to connect to "
-                        << host_name_ << ":" << port_num_;
-  }
-}
-
-// End of class Streaming Listener
-#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS__
-
-// Class ScopedTrace
-
-// Pushes the given source file location and message onto a per-thread
-// trace stack maintained by Google Test.
-ScopedTrace::ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const Message& message)
-    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(&UnitTest::mutex_) {
-  TraceInfo trace;
-  trace.file = file;
-  trace.line = line;
-  trace.message = message.GetString();
-
-  UnitTest::GetInstance()->PushGTestTrace(trace);
-}
-
-// Pops the info pushed by the c'tor.
-ScopedTrace::~ScopedTrace()
-    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(&UnitTest::mutex_) {
-  UnitTest::GetInstance()->PopGTestTrace();
-}
-
-
-// class OsStackTraceGetter
-
-// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.  Parameters:
-//
-//   max_depth  - the maximum number of stack frames to be included
-//                in the trace.
-//   skip_count - the number of top frames to be skipped; doesn't count
-//                against max_depth.
-//
-string OsStackTraceGetter::CurrentStackTrace(int /* max_depth */,
-                                             int /* skip_count */)
-    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
-  return "";
-}
-
-void OsStackTraceGetter::UponLeavingGTest()
-    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
-}
-
-const char* const
-OsStackTraceGetter::kElidedFramesMarker =
-    "... " GTEST_NAME_ " internal frames ...";
-
-// A helper class that creates the premature-exit file in its
-// constructor and deletes the file in its destructor.
-class ScopedPrematureExitFile {
- public:
-  explicit ScopedPrematureExitFile(const char* premature_exit_filepath)
-      : premature_exit_filepath_(premature_exit_filepath) {
-    // If a path to the premature-exit file is specified...
-    if (premature_exit_filepath != NULL && *premature_exit_filepath != '\0') {
-      // create the file with a single "0" character in it.  I/O
-      // errors are ignored as there's nothing better we can do and we
-      // don't want to fail the test because of this.
-      FILE* pfile = posix::FOpen(premature_exit_filepath, "w");
-      fwrite("0", 1, 1, pfile);
-      fclose(pfile);
-    }
-  }
-
-  ~ScopedPrematureExitFile() {
-    if (premature_exit_filepath_ != NULL && *premature_exit_filepath_ != '\0') {
-      remove(premature_exit_filepath_);
-    }
-  }
-
- private:
-  const char* const premature_exit_filepath_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ScopedPrematureExitFile);
-};
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-// class TestEventListeners
-
-TestEventListeners::TestEventListeners()
-    : repeater_(new internal::TestEventRepeater()),
-      default_result_printer_(NULL),
-      default_xml_generator_(NULL) {
-}
-
-TestEventListeners::~TestEventListeners() { delete repeater_; }
-
-// Returns the standard listener responsible for the default console
-// output.  Can be removed from the listeners list to shut down default
-// console output.  Note that removing this object from the listener list
-// with Release transfers its ownership to the user.
-void TestEventListeners::Append(TestEventListener* listener) {
-  repeater_->Append(listener);
-}
-
-// Removes the given event listener from the list and returns it.  It then
-// becomes the caller's responsibility to delete the listener. Returns
-// NULL if the listener is not found in the list.
-TestEventListener* TestEventListeners::Release(TestEventListener* listener) {
-  if (listener == default_result_printer_)
-    default_result_printer_ = NULL;
-  else if (listener == default_xml_generator_)
-    default_xml_generator_ = NULL;
-  return repeater_->Release(listener);
-}
-
-// Returns repeater that broadcasts the TestEventListener events to all
-// subscribers.
-TestEventListener* TestEventListeners::repeater() { return repeater_; }
-
-// Sets the default_result_printer attribute to the provided listener.
-// The listener is also added to the listener list and previous
-// default_result_printer is removed from it and deleted. The listener can
-// also be NULL in which case it will not be added to the list. Does
-// nothing if the previous and the current listener objects are the same.
-void TestEventListeners::SetDefaultResultPrinter(TestEventListener* listener) {
-  if (default_result_printer_ != listener) {
-    // It is an error to pass this method a listener that is already in the
-    // list.
-    delete Release(default_result_printer_);
-    default_result_printer_ = listener;
-    if (listener != NULL)
-      Append(listener);
-  }
-}
-
-// Sets the default_xml_generator attribute to the provided listener.  The
-// listener is also added to the listener list and previous
-// default_xml_generator is removed from it and deleted. The listener can
-// also be NULL in which case it will not be added to the list. Does
-// nothing if the previous and the current listener objects are the same.
-void TestEventListeners::SetDefaultXmlGenerator(TestEventListener* listener) {
-  if (default_xml_generator_ != listener) {
-    // It is an error to pass this method a listener that is already in the
-    // list.
-    delete Release(default_xml_generator_);
-    default_xml_generator_ = listener;
-    if (listener != NULL)
-      Append(listener);
-  }
-}
-
-// Controls whether events will be forwarded by the repeater to the
-// listeners in the list.
-bool TestEventListeners::EventForwardingEnabled() const {
-  return repeater_->forwarding_enabled();
-}
-
-void TestEventListeners::SuppressEventForwarding() {
-  repeater_->set_forwarding_enabled(false);
-}
-
-// class UnitTest
-
-// Gets the singleton UnitTest object.  The first time this method is
-// called, a UnitTest object is constructed and returned.  Consecutive
-// calls will return the same object.
-//
-// We don't protect this under mutex_ as a user is not supposed to
-// call this before main() starts, from which point on the return
-// value will never change.
-UnitTest* UnitTest::GetInstance() {
-  // When compiled with MSVC 7.1 in optimized mode, destroying the
-  // UnitTest object upon exiting the program messes up the exit code,
-  // causing successful tests to appear failed.  We have to use a
-  // different implementation in this case to bypass the compiler bug.
-  // This implementation makes the compiler happy, at the cost of
-  // leaking the UnitTest object.
-
-  // CodeGear C++Builder insists on a public destructor for the
-  // default implementation.  Use this implementation to keep good OO
-  // design with private destructor.
-
-#if (_MSC_VER == 1310 && !defined(_DEBUG)) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
-  static UnitTest* const instance = new UnitTest;
-  return instance;
-#else
-  static UnitTest instance;
-  return &instance;
-#endif  // (_MSC_VER == 1310 && !defined(_DEBUG)) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
-}
-
-// Gets the number of successful test cases.
-int UnitTest::successful_test_case_count() const {
-  return impl()->successful_test_case_count();
-}
-
-// Gets the number of failed test cases.
-int UnitTest::failed_test_case_count() const {
-  return impl()->failed_test_case_count();
-}
-
-// Gets the number of all test cases.
-int UnitTest::total_test_case_count() const {
-  return impl()->total_test_case_count();
-}
-
-// Gets the number of all test cases that contain at least one test
-// that should run.
-int UnitTest::test_case_to_run_count() const {
-  return impl()->test_case_to_run_count();
-}
-
-// Gets the number of successful tests.
-int UnitTest::successful_test_count() const {
-  return impl()->successful_test_count();
-}
-
-// Gets the number of failed tests.
-int UnitTest::failed_test_count() const { return impl()->failed_test_count(); }
-
-// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
-int UnitTest::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
-  return impl()->reportable_disabled_test_count();
-}
-
-// Gets the number of disabled tests.
-int UnitTest::disabled_test_count() const {
-  return impl()->disabled_test_count();
-}
-
-// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
-int UnitTest::reportable_test_count() const {
-  return impl()->reportable_test_count();
-}
-
-// Gets the number of all tests.
-int UnitTest::total_test_count() const { return impl()->total_test_count(); }
-
-// Gets the number of tests that should run.
-int UnitTest::test_to_run_count() const { return impl()->test_to_run_count(); }
-
-// Gets the time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
-// UNIX epoch.
-internal::TimeInMillis UnitTest::start_timestamp() const {
-    return impl()->start_timestamp();
-}
-
-// Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
-internal::TimeInMillis UnitTest::elapsed_time() const {
-  return impl()->elapsed_time();
-}
-
-// Returns true iff the unit test passed (i.e. all test cases passed).
-bool UnitTest::Passed() const { return impl()->Passed(); }
-
-// Returns true iff the unit test failed (i.e. some test case failed
-// or something outside of all tests failed).
-bool UnitTest::Failed() const { return impl()->Failed(); }
-
-// Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
-// total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
-const TestCase* UnitTest::GetTestCase(int i) const {
-  return impl()->GetTestCase(i);
-}
-
-// Returns the TestResult containing information on test failures and
-// properties logged outside of individual test cases.
-const TestResult& UnitTest::ad_hoc_test_result() const {
-  return *impl()->ad_hoc_test_result();
-}
-
-// Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
-// total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
-TestCase* UnitTest::GetMutableTestCase(int i) {
-  return impl()->GetMutableTestCase(i);
-}
-
-// Returns the list of event listeners that can be used to track events
-// inside Google Test.
-TestEventListeners& UnitTest::listeners() {
-  return *impl()->listeners();
-}
-
-// Registers and returns a global test environment.  When a test
-// program is run, all global test environments will be set-up in the
-// order they were registered.  After all tests in the program have
-// finished, all global test environments will be torn-down in the
-// *reverse* order they were registered.
-//
-// The UnitTest object takes ownership of the given environment.
-//
-// We don't protect this under mutex_, as we only support calling it
-// from the main thread.
-Environment* UnitTest::AddEnvironment(Environment* env) {
-  if (env == NULL) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-
-  impl_->environments().push_back(env);
-  return env;
-}
-
-// Adds a TestPartResult to the current TestResult object.  All Google Test
-// assertion macros (e.g. ASSERT_TRUE, EXPECT_EQ, etc) eventually call
-// this to report their results.  The user code should use the
-// assertion macros instead of calling this directly.
-void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult(
-    TestPartResult::Type result_type,
-    const char* file_name,
-    int line_number,
-    const std::string& message,
-    const std::string& os_stack_trace) GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
-  Message msg;
-  msg << message;
-
-  internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
-  if (impl_->gtest_trace_stack().size() > 0) {
-    msg << "\n" << GTEST_NAME_ << " trace:";
-
-    for (int i = static_cast<int>(impl_->gtest_trace_stack().size());
-         i > 0; --i) {
-      const internal::TraceInfo& trace = impl_->gtest_trace_stack()[i - 1];
-      msg << "\n" << internal::FormatFileLocation(trace.file, trace.line)
-          << " " << trace.message;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (os_stack_trace.c_str() != NULL && !os_stack_trace.empty()) {
-    msg << internal::kStackTraceMarker << os_stack_trace;
-  }
-
-  const TestPartResult result =
-    TestPartResult(result_type, file_name, line_number,
-                   msg.GetString().c_str());
-  impl_->GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread()->
-      ReportTestPartResult(result);
-
-  if (result_type != TestPartResult::kSuccess) {
-    // gtest_break_on_failure takes precedence over
-    // gtest_throw_on_failure.  This allows a user to set the latter
-    // in the code (perhaps in order to use Google Test assertions
-    // with another testing framework) and specify the former on the
-    // command line for debugging.
-    if (GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure)) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-      // Using DebugBreak on Windows allows gtest to still break into a debugger
-      // when a failure happens and both the --gtest_break_on_failure and
-      // the --gtest_catch_exceptions flags are specified.
-      DebugBreak();
-#else
-      // Dereference NULL through a volatile pointer to prevent the compiler
-      // from removing. We use this rather than abort() or __builtin_trap() for
-      // portability: Symbian doesn't implement abort() well, and some debuggers
-      // don't correctly trap abort().
-      *static_cast<volatile int*>(NULL) = 1;
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-    } else if (GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure)) {
-#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-      throw internal::GoogleTestFailureException(result);
-#else
-      // We cannot call abort() as it generates a pop-up in debug mode
-      // that cannot be suppressed in VC 7.1 or below.
-      exit(1);
-#endif
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-// Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked from
-// inside a test, to current TestCase's ad_hoc_test_result_ when invoked
-// from SetUpTestCase or TearDownTestCase, or to the global property set
-// when invoked elsewhere.  If the result already contains a property with
-// the same key, the value will be updated.
-void UnitTest::RecordProperty(const std::string& key,
-                              const std::string& value) {
-  impl_->RecordProperty(TestProperty(key, value));
-}
-
-// Runs all tests in this UnitTest object and prints the result.
-// Returns 0 if successful, or 1 otherwise.
-//
-// We don't protect this under mutex_, as we only support calling it
-// from the main thread.
-int UnitTest::Run() {
-  const bool in_death_test_child_process =
-      internal::GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).length() > 0;
-
-  // Google Test implements this protocol for catching that a test
-  // program exits before returning control to Google Test:
-  //
-  //   1. Upon start, Google Test creates a file whose absolute path
-  //      is specified by the environment variable
-  //      TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE.
-  //   2. When Google Test has finished its work, it deletes the file.
-  //
-  // This allows a test runner to set TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE before
-  // running a Google-Test-based test program and check the existence
-  // of the file at the end of the test execution to see if it has
-  // exited prematurely.
-
-  // If we are in the child process of a death test, don't
-  // create/delete the premature exit file, as doing so is unnecessary
-  // and will confuse the parent process.  Otherwise, create/delete
-  // the file upon entering/leaving this function.  If the program
-  // somehow exits before this function has a chance to return, the
-  // premature-exit file will be left undeleted, causing a test runner
-  // that understands the premature-exit-file protocol to report the
-  // test as having failed.
-  const internal::ScopedPrematureExitFile premature_exit_file(
-      in_death_test_child_process ?
-      NULL : internal::posix::GetEnv("TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE"));
-
-  // Captures the value of GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions).  This value will be
-  // used for the duration of the program.
-  impl()->set_catch_exceptions(GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions));
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
-  // Either the user wants Google Test to catch exceptions thrown by the
-  // tests or this is executing in the context of death test child
-  // process. In either case the user does not want to see pop-up dialogs
-  // about crashes - they are expected.
-  if (impl()->catch_exceptions() || in_death_test_child_process) {
-# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-    // SetErrorMode doesn't exist on CE.
-    SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS | SEM_NOALIGNMENTFAULTEXCEPT |
-                 SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX | SEM_NOOPENFILEERRORBOX);
-# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-
-# if (defined(_MSC_VER) || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW) && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-    // Death test children can be terminated with _abort().  On Windows,
-    // _abort() can show a dialog with a warning message.  This forces the
-    // abort message to go to stderr instead.
-    _set_error_mode(_OUT_TO_STDERR);
-# endif
-
-# if _MSC_VER >= 1400 && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-    // In the debug version, Visual Studio pops up a separate dialog
-    // offering a choice to debug the aborted program. We need to suppress
-    // this dialog or it will pop up for every EXPECT/ASSERT_DEATH statement
-    // executed. Google Test will notify the user of any unexpected
-    // failure via stderr.
-    //
-    // VC++ doesn't define _set_abort_behavior() prior to the version 8.0.
-    // Users of prior VC versions shall suffer the agony and pain of
-    // clicking through the countless debug dialogs.
-    // TODO(vladl@google.com): find a way to suppress the abort dialog() in the
-    // debug mode when compiled with VC 7.1 or lower.
-    if (!GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure))
-      _set_abort_behavior(
-          0x0,                                    // Clear the following flags:
-          _WRITE_ABORT_MSG | _CALL_REPORTFAULT);  // pop-up window, core dump.
-# endif
-  }
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
-
-  return internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
-      impl(),
-      &internal::UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests,
-      "auxiliary test code (environments or event listeners)") ? 0 : 1;
-}
-
-// Returns the working directory when the first TEST() or TEST_F() was
-// executed.
-const char* UnitTest::original_working_dir() const {
-  return impl_->original_working_dir_.c_str();
-}
-
-// Returns the TestCase object for the test that's currently running,
-// or NULL if no test is running.
-const TestCase* UnitTest::current_test_case() const
-    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
-  internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
-  return impl_->current_test_case();
-}
-
-// Returns the TestInfo object for the test that's currently running,
-// or NULL if no test is running.
-const TestInfo* UnitTest::current_test_info() const
-    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
-  internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
-  return impl_->current_test_info();
-}
-
-// Returns the random seed used at the start of the current test run.
-int UnitTest::random_seed() const { return impl_->random_seed(); }
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-// Returns ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry object used to keep track of
-// value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
-internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry&
-    UnitTest::parameterized_test_registry()
-        GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
-  return impl_->parameterized_test_registry();
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
-// Creates an empty UnitTest.
-UnitTest::UnitTest() {
-  impl_ = new internal::UnitTestImpl(this);
-}
-
-// Destructor of UnitTest.
-UnitTest::~UnitTest() {
-  delete impl_;
-}
-
-// Pushes a trace defined by SCOPED_TRACE() on to the per-thread
-// Google Test trace stack.
-void UnitTest::PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo& trace)
-    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
-  internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
-  impl_->gtest_trace_stack().push_back(trace);
-}
-
-// Pops a trace from the per-thread Google Test trace stack.
-void UnitTest::PopGTestTrace()
-    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
-  internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
-  impl_->gtest_trace_stack().pop_back();
-}
-
-namespace internal {
-
-UnitTestImpl::UnitTestImpl(UnitTest* parent)
-    : parent_(parent),
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)                    // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4355)            // Temporarily disables warning 4355
-                                         // (using this in initializer).
-      default_global_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
-      default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
-# pragma warning(pop)                     // Restores the warning state again.
-#else
-      default_global_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
-      default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
-      global_test_part_result_repoter_(
-          &default_global_test_part_result_reporter_),
-      per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(
-          &default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_),
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-      parameterized_test_registry_(),
-      parameterized_tests_registered_(false),
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-      last_death_test_case_(-1),
-      current_test_case_(NULL),
-      current_test_info_(NULL),
-      ad_hoc_test_result_(),
-      os_stack_trace_getter_(NULL),
-      post_flag_parse_init_performed_(false),
-      random_seed_(0),  // Will be overridden by the flag before first use.
-      random_(0),  // Will be reseeded before first use.
-      start_timestamp_(0),
-      elapsed_time_(0),
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-      death_test_factory_(new DefaultDeathTestFactory),
-#endif
-      // Will be overridden by the flag before first use.
-      catch_exceptions_(false) {
-  listeners()->SetDefaultResultPrinter(new PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter);
-}
-
-UnitTestImpl::~UnitTestImpl() {
-  // Deletes every TestCase.
-  ForEach(test_cases_, internal::Delete<TestCase>);
-
-  // Deletes every Environment.
-  ForEach(environments_, internal::Delete<Environment>);
-
-  delete os_stack_trace_getter_;
-}
-
-// Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked in a
-// context of a test, to current test case's ad_hoc_test_result when invoke
-// from SetUpTestCase/TearDownTestCase, or to the global property set
-// otherwise.  If the result already contains a property with the same key,
-// the value will be updated.
-void UnitTestImpl::RecordProperty(const TestProperty& test_property) {
-  std::string xml_element;
-  TestResult* test_result;  // TestResult appropriate for property recording.
-
-  if (current_test_info_ != NULL) {
-    xml_element = "testcase";
-    test_result = &(current_test_info_->result_);
-  } else if (current_test_case_ != NULL) {
-    xml_element = "testsuite";
-    test_result = &(current_test_case_->ad_hoc_test_result_);
-  } else {
-    xml_element = "testsuites";
-    test_result = &ad_hoc_test_result_;
-  }
-  test_result->RecordProperty(xml_element, test_property);
-}
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-// Disables event forwarding if the control is currently in a death test
-// subprocess. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
-void UnitTestImpl::SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess() {
-  if (internal_run_death_test_flag_.get() != NULL)
-    listeners()->SuppressEventForwarding();
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-// Initializes event listeners performing XML output as specified by
-// UnitTestOptions. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
-void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureXmlOutput() {
-  const std::string& output_format = UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat();
-  if (output_format == "xml") {
-    listeners()->SetDefaultXmlGenerator(new XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(
-        UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile().c_str()));
-  } else if (output_format != "") {
-    printf("WARNING: unrecognized output format \"%s\" ignored.\n",
-           output_format.c_str());
-    fflush(stdout);
-  }
-}
-
-#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
-// Initializes event listeners for streaming test results in string form.
-// Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
-void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureStreamingOutput() {
-  const std::string& target = GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to);
-  if (!target.empty()) {
-    const size_t pos = target.find(':');
-    if (pos != std::string::npos) {
-      listeners()->Append(new StreamingListener(target.substr(0, pos),
-                                                target.substr(pos+1)));
-    } else {
-      printf("WARNING: unrecognized streaming target \"%s\" ignored.\n",
-             target.c_str());
-      fflush(stdout);
-    }
-  }
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
-
-// Performs initialization dependent upon flag values obtained in
-// ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly.  Is called from InitGoogleTest after the call to
-// ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly.  In case a user neglects to call InitGoogleTest
-// this function is also called from RunAllTests.  Since this function can be
-// called more than once, it has to be idempotent.
-void UnitTestImpl::PostFlagParsingInit() {
-  // Ensures that this function does not execute more than once.
-  if (!post_flag_parse_init_performed_) {
-    post_flag_parse_init_performed_ = true;
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-    InitDeathTestSubprocessControlInfo();
-    SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess();
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-    // Registers parameterized tests. This makes parameterized tests
-    // available to the UnitTest reflection API without running
-    // RUN_ALL_TESTS.
-    RegisterParameterizedTests();
-
-    // Configures listeners for XML output. This makes it possible for users
-    // to shut down the default XML output before invoking RUN_ALL_TESTS.
-    ConfigureXmlOutput();
-
-#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
-    // Configures listeners for streaming test results to the specified server.
-    ConfigureStreamingOutput();
-#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
-  }
-}
-
-// A predicate that checks the name of a TestCase against a known
-// value.
-//
-// This is used for implementation of the UnitTest class only.  We put
-// it in the anonymous namespace to prevent polluting the outer
-// namespace.
-//
-// TestCaseNameIs is copyable.
-class TestCaseNameIs {
- public:
-  // Constructor.
-  explicit TestCaseNameIs(const std::string& name)
-      : name_(name) {}
-
-  // Returns true iff the name of test_case matches name_.
-  bool operator()(const TestCase* test_case) const {
-    return test_case != NULL && strcmp(test_case->name(), name_.c_str()) == 0;
-  }
-
- private:
-  std::string name_;
-};
-
-// Finds and returns a TestCase with the given name.  If one doesn't
-// exist, creates one and returns it.  It's the CALLER'S
-// RESPONSIBILITY to ensure that this function is only called WHEN THE
-// TESTS ARE NOT SHUFFLED.
-//
-// Arguments:
-//
-//   test_case_name: name of the test case
-//   type_param:     the name of the test case's type parameter, or NULL if
-//                   this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test case.
-//   set_up_tc:      pointer to the function that sets up the test case
-//   tear_down_tc:   pointer to the function that tears down the test case
-TestCase* UnitTestImpl::GetTestCase(const char* test_case_name,
-                                    const char* type_param,
-                                    Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
-                                    Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc) {
-  // Can we find a TestCase with the given name?
-  const std::vector<TestCase*>::const_iterator test_case =
-      std::find_if(test_cases_.begin(), test_cases_.end(),
-                   TestCaseNameIs(test_case_name));
-
-  if (test_case != test_cases_.end())
-    return *test_case;
-
-  // No.  Let's create one.
-  TestCase* const new_test_case =
-      new TestCase(test_case_name, type_param, set_up_tc, tear_down_tc);
-
-  // Is this a death test case?
-  if (internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(test_case_name,
-                                               kDeathTestCaseFilter)) {
-    // Yes.  Inserts the test case after the last death test case
-    // defined so far.  This only works when the test cases haven't
-    // been shuffled.  Otherwise we may end up running a death test
-    // after a non-death test.
-    ++last_death_test_case_;
-    test_cases_.insert(test_cases_.begin() + last_death_test_case_,
-                       new_test_case);
-  } else {
-    // No.  Appends to the end of the list.
-    test_cases_.push_back(new_test_case);
-  }
-
-  test_case_indices_.push_back(static_cast<int>(test_case_indices_.size()));
-  return new_test_case;
-}
-
-// Helpers for setting up / tearing down the given environment.  They
-// are for use in the ForEach() function.
-static void SetUpEnvironment(Environment* env) { env->SetUp(); }
-static void TearDownEnvironment(Environment* env) { env->TearDown(); }
-
-// Runs all tests in this UnitTest object, prints the result, and
-// returns true if all tests are successful.  If any exception is
-// thrown during a test, the test is considered to be failed, but the
-// rest of the tests will still be run.
-//
-// When parameterized tests are enabled, it expands and registers
-// parameterized tests first in RegisterParameterizedTests().
-// All other functions called from RunAllTests() may safely assume that
-// parameterized tests are ready to be counted and run.
-bool UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests() {
-  // Makes sure InitGoogleTest() was called.
-  if (!GTestIsInitialized()) {
-    printf("%s",
-           "\nThis test program did NOT call ::testing::InitGoogleTest "
-           "before calling RUN_ALL_TESTS().  Please fix it.\n");
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Do not run any test if the --help flag was specified.
-  if (g_help_flag)
-    return true;
-
-  // Repeats the call to the post-flag parsing initialization in case the
-  // user didn't call InitGoogleTest.
-  PostFlagParsingInit();
-
-  // Even if sharding is not on, test runners may want to use the
-  // GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE to query whether the test supports the sharding
-  // protocol.
-  internal::WriteToShardStatusFileIfNeeded();
-
-  // True iff we are in a subprocess for running a thread-safe-style
-  // death test.
-  bool in_subprocess_for_death_test = false;
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-  in_subprocess_for_death_test = (internal_run_death_test_flag_.get() != NULL);
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-  const bool should_shard = ShouldShard(kTestTotalShards, kTestShardIndex,
-                                        in_subprocess_for_death_test);
-
-  // Compares the full test names with the filter to decide which
-  // tests to run.
-  const bool has_tests_to_run = FilterTests(should_shard
-                                              ? HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL
-                                              : IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL) > 0;
-
-  // Lists the tests and exits if the --gtest_list_tests flag was specified.
-  if (GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)) {
-    // This must be called *after* FilterTests() has been called.
-    ListTestsMatchingFilter();
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  random_seed_ = GTEST_FLAG(shuffle) ?
-      GetRandomSeedFromFlag(GTEST_FLAG(random_seed)) : 0;
-
-  // True iff at least one test has failed.
-  bool failed = false;
-
-  TestEventListener* repeater = listeners()->repeater();
-
-  start_timestamp_ = GetTimeInMillis();
-  repeater->OnTestProgramStart(*parent_);
-
-  // How many times to repeat the tests?  We don't want to repeat them
-  // when we are inside the subprocess of a death test.
-  const int repeat = in_subprocess_for_death_test ? 1 : GTEST_FLAG(repeat);
-  // Repeats forever if the repeat count is negative.
-  const bool forever = repeat < 0;
-  for (int i = 0; forever || i != repeat; i++) {
-    // We want to preserve failures generated by ad-hoc test
-    // assertions executed before RUN_ALL_TESTS().
-    ClearNonAdHocTestResult();
-
-    const TimeInMillis start = GetTimeInMillis();
-
-    // Shuffles test cases and tests if requested.
-    if (has_tests_to_run && GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
-      random()->Reseed(random_seed_);
-      // This should be done before calling OnTestIterationStart(),
-      // such that a test event listener can see the actual test order
-      // in the event.
-      ShuffleTests();
-    }
-
-    // Tells the unit test event listeners that the tests are about to start.
-    repeater->OnTestIterationStart(*parent_, i);
-
-    // Runs each test case if there is at least one test to run.
-    if (has_tests_to_run) {
-      // Sets up all environments beforehand.
-      repeater->OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(*parent_);
-      ForEach(environments_, SetUpEnvironment);
-      repeater->OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(*parent_);
-
-      // Runs the tests only if there was no fatal failure during global
-      // set-up.
-      if (!Test::HasFatalFailure()) {
-        for (int test_index = 0; test_index < total_test_case_count();
-             test_index++) {
-          GetMutableTestCase(test_index)->Run();
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Tears down all environments in reverse order afterwards.
-      repeater->OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(*parent_);
-      std::for_each(environments_.rbegin(), environments_.rend(),
-                    TearDownEnvironment);
-      repeater->OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(*parent_);
-    }
-
-    elapsed_time_ = GetTimeInMillis() - start;
-
-    // Tells the unit test event listener that the tests have just finished.
-    repeater->OnTestIterationEnd(*parent_, i);
-
-    // Gets the result and clears it.
-    if (!Passed()) {
-      failed = true;
-    }
-
-    // Restores the original test order after the iteration.  This
-    // allows the user to quickly repro a failure that happens in the
-    // N-th iteration without repeating the first (N - 1) iterations.
-    // This is not enclosed in "if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) { ... }", in
-    // case the user somehow changes the value of the flag somewhere
-    // (it's always safe to unshuffle the tests).
-    UnshuffleTests();
-
-    if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
-      // Picks a new random seed for each iteration.
-      random_seed_ = GetNextRandomSeed(random_seed_);
-    }
-  }
-
-  repeater->OnTestProgramEnd(*parent_);
-
-  return !failed;
-}
-
-// Reads the GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE environment variable, and creates the file
-// if the variable is present. If a file already exists at this location, this
-// function will write over it. If the variable is present, but the file cannot
-// be created, prints an error and exits.
-void WriteToShardStatusFileIfNeeded() {
-  const char* const test_shard_file = posix::GetEnv(kTestShardStatusFile);
-  if (test_shard_file != NULL) {
-    FILE* const file = posix::FOpen(test_shard_file, "w");
-    if (file == NULL) {
-      ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED,
-                    "Could not write to the test shard status file \"%s\" "
-                    "specified by the %s environment variable.\n",
-                    test_shard_file, kTestShardStatusFile);
-      fflush(stdout);
-      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-    }
-    fclose(file);
-  }
-}
-
-// Checks whether sharding is enabled by examining the relevant
-// environment variable values. If the variables are present,
-// but inconsistent (i.e., shard_index >= total_shards), prints
-// an error and exits. If in_subprocess_for_death_test, sharding is
-// disabled because it must only be applied to the original test
-// process. Otherwise, we could filter out death tests we intended to execute.
-bool ShouldShard(const char* total_shards_env,
-                 const char* shard_index_env,
-                 bool in_subprocess_for_death_test) {
-  if (in_subprocess_for_death_test) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  const Int32 total_shards = Int32FromEnvOrDie(total_shards_env, -1);
-  const Int32 shard_index = Int32FromEnvOrDie(shard_index_env, -1);
-
-  if (total_shards == -1 && shard_index == -1) {
-    return false;
-  } else if (total_shards == -1 && shard_index != -1) {
-    const Message msg = Message()
-      << "Invalid environment variables: you have "
-      << kTestShardIndex << " = " << shard_index
-      << ", but have left " << kTestTotalShards << " unset.\n";
-    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str());
-    fflush(stdout);
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-  } else if (total_shards != -1 && shard_index == -1) {
-    const Message msg = Message()
-      << "Invalid environment variables: you have "
-      << kTestTotalShards << " = " << total_shards
-      << ", but have left " << kTestShardIndex << " unset.\n";
-    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str());
-    fflush(stdout);
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-  } else if (shard_index < 0 || shard_index >= total_shards) {
-    const Message msg = Message()
-      << "Invalid environment variables: we require 0 <= "
-      << kTestShardIndex << " < " << kTestTotalShards
-      << ", but you have " << kTestShardIndex << "=" << shard_index
-      << ", " << kTestTotalShards << "=" << total_shards << ".\n";
-    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str());
-    fflush(stdout);
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-  }
-
-  return total_shards > 1;
-}
-
-// Parses the environment variable var as an Int32. If it is unset,
-// returns default_val. If it is not an Int32, prints an error
-// and aborts.
-Int32 Int32FromEnvOrDie(const char* var, Int32 default_val) {
-  const char* str_val = posix::GetEnv(var);
-  if (str_val == NULL) {
-    return default_val;
-  }
-
-  Int32 result;
-  if (!ParseInt32(Message() << "The value of environment variable " << var,
-                  str_val, &result)) {
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-  }
-  return result;
-}
-
-// Given the total number of shards, the shard index, and the test id,
-// returns true iff the test should be run on this shard. The test id is
-// some arbitrary but unique non-negative integer assigned to each test
-// method. Assumes that 0 <= shard_index < total_shards.
-bool ShouldRunTestOnShard(int total_shards, int shard_index, int test_id) {
-  return (test_id % total_shards) == shard_index;
-}
-
-// Compares the name of each test with the user-specified filter to
-// decide whether the test should be run, then records the result in
-// each TestCase and TestInfo object.
-// If shard_tests == true, further filters tests based on sharding
-// variables in the environment - see
-// http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/GoogleTestAdvancedGuide.
-// Returns the number of tests that should run.
-int UnitTestImpl::FilterTests(ReactionToSharding shard_tests) {
-  const Int32 total_shards = shard_tests == HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ?
-      Int32FromEnvOrDie(kTestTotalShards, -1) : -1;
-  const Int32 shard_index = shard_tests == HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ?
-      Int32FromEnvOrDie(kTestShardIndex, -1) : -1;
-
-  // num_runnable_tests are the number of tests that will
-  // run across all shards (i.e., match filter and are not disabled).
-  // num_selected_tests are the number of tests to be run on
-  // this shard.
-  int num_runnable_tests = 0;
-  int num_selected_tests = 0;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
-    TestCase* const test_case = test_cases_[i];
-    const std::string &test_case_name = test_case->name();
-    test_case->set_should_run(false);
-
-    for (size_t j = 0; j < test_case->test_info_list().size(); j++) {
-      TestInfo* const test_info = test_case->test_info_list()[j];
-      const std::string test_name(test_info->name());
-      // A test is disabled if test case name or test name matches
-      // kDisableTestFilter.
-      const bool is_disabled =
-          internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(test_case_name,
-                                                   kDisableTestFilter) ||
-          internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(test_name,
-                                                   kDisableTestFilter);
-      test_info->is_disabled_ = is_disabled;
-
-      const bool matches_filter =
-          internal::UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(test_case_name,
-                                                       test_name);
-      test_info->matches_filter_ = matches_filter;
-
-      const bool is_runnable =
-          (GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests) || !is_disabled) &&
-          matches_filter;
-
-      const bool is_selected = is_runnable &&
-          (shard_tests == IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ||
-           ShouldRunTestOnShard(total_shards, shard_index,
-                                num_runnable_tests));
-
-      num_runnable_tests += is_runnable;
-      num_selected_tests += is_selected;
-
-      test_info->should_run_ = is_selected;
-      test_case->set_should_run(test_case->should_run() || is_selected);
-    }
-  }
-  return num_selected_tests;
-}
-
-// Prints the given C-string on a single line by replacing all '\n'
-// characters with string "\\n".  If the output takes more than
-// max_length characters, only prints the first max_length characters
-// and "...".
-static void PrintOnOneLine(const char* str, int max_length) {
-  if (str != NULL) {
-    for (int i = 0; *str != '\0'; ++str) {
-      if (i >= max_length) {
-        printf("...");
-        break;
-      }
-      if (*str == '\n') {
-        printf("\\n");
-        i += 2;
-      } else {
-        printf("%c", *str);
-        ++i;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-// Prints the names of the tests matching the user-specified filter flag.
-void UnitTestImpl::ListTestsMatchingFilter() {
-  // Print at most this many characters for each type/value parameter.
-  const int kMaxParamLength = 250;
-
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
-    const TestCase* const test_case = test_cases_[i];
-    bool printed_test_case_name = false;
-
-    for (size_t j = 0; j < test_case->test_info_list().size(); j++) {
-      const TestInfo* const test_info =
-          test_case->test_info_list()[j];
-      if (test_info->matches_filter_) {
-        if (!printed_test_case_name) {
-          printed_test_case_name = true;
-          printf("%s.", test_case->name());
-          if (test_case->type_param() != NULL) {
-            printf("  # %s = ", kTypeParamLabel);
-            // We print the type parameter on a single line to make
-            // the output easy to parse by a program.
-            PrintOnOneLine(test_case->type_param(), kMaxParamLength);
-          }
-          printf("\n");
-        }
-        printf("  %s", test_info->name());
-        if (test_info->value_param() != NULL) {
-          printf("  # %s = ", kValueParamLabel);
-          // We print the value parameter on a single line to make the
-          // output easy to parse by a program.
-          PrintOnOneLine(test_info->value_param(), kMaxParamLength);
-        }
-        printf("\n");
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  fflush(stdout);
-}
-
-// Sets the OS stack trace getter.
-//
-// Does nothing if the input and the current OS stack trace getter are
-// the same; otherwise, deletes the old getter and makes the input the
-// current getter.
-void UnitTestImpl::set_os_stack_trace_getter(
-    OsStackTraceGetterInterface* getter) {
-  if (os_stack_trace_getter_ != getter) {
-    delete os_stack_trace_getter_;
-    os_stack_trace_getter_ = getter;
-  }
-}
-
-// Returns the current OS stack trace getter if it is not NULL;
-// otherwise, creates an OsStackTraceGetter, makes it the current
-// getter, and returns it.
-OsStackTraceGetterInterface* UnitTestImpl::os_stack_trace_getter() {
-  if (os_stack_trace_getter_ == NULL) {
-    os_stack_trace_getter_ = new OsStackTraceGetter;
-  }
-
-  return os_stack_trace_getter_;
-}
-
-// Returns the TestResult for the test that's currently running, or
-// the TestResult for the ad hoc test if no test is running.
-TestResult* UnitTestImpl::current_test_result() {
-  return current_test_info_ ?
-      &(current_test_info_->result_) : &ad_hoc_test_result_;
-}
-
-// Shuffles all test cases, and the tests within each test case,
-// making sure that death tests are still run first.
-void UnitTestImpl::ShuffleTests() {
-  // Shuffles the death test cases.
-  ShuffleRange(random(), 0, last_death_test_case_ + 1, &test_case_indices_);
-
-  // Shuffles the non-death test cases.
-  ShuffleRange(random(), last_death_test_case_ + 1,
-               static_cast<int>(test_cases_.size()), &test_case_indices_);
-
-  // Shuffles the tests inside each test case.
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
-    test_cases_[i]->ShuffleTests(random());
-  }
-}
-
-// Restores the test cases and tests to their order before the first shuffle.
-void UnitTestImpl::UnshuffleTests() {
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
-    // Unshuffles the tests in each test case.
-    test_cases_[i]->UnshuffleTests();
-    // Resets the index of each test case.
-    test_case_indices_[i] = static_cast<int>(i);
-  }
-}
-
-// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
-//
-// The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
-// the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
-// specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
-// count against the number of frames to be included.
-//
-// For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
-// GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(..., 1), Foo() will be included in
-// the trace but Bar() and GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
-std::string GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(UnitTest* /*unit_test*/,
-                                            int skip_count) {
-  // We pass skip_count + 1 to skip this wrapper function in addition
-  // to what the user really wants to skip.
-  return GetUnitTestImpl()->CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(skip_count + 1);
-}
-
-// Used by the GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_ macro to
-// suppress unreachable code warnings.
-namespace {
-class ClassUniqueToAlwaysTrue {};
-}
-
-bool IsTrue(bool condition) { return condition; }
-
-bool AlwaysTrue() {
-#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-  // This condition is always false so AlwaysTrue() never actually throws,
-  // but it makes the compiler think that it may throw.
-  if (IsTrue(false))
-    throw ClassUniqueToAlwaysTrue();
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-  return true;
-}
-
-// If *pstr starts with the given prefix, modifies *pstr to be right
-// past the prefix and returns true; otherwise leaves *pstr unchanged
-// and returns false.  None of pstr, *pstr, and prefix can be NULL.
-bool SkipPrefix(const char* prefix, const char** pstr) {
-  const size_t prefix_len = strlen(prefix);
-  if (strncmp(*pstr, prefix, prefix_len) == 0) {
-    *pstr += prefix_len;
-    return true;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-// Parses a string as a command line flag.  The string should have
-// the format "--flag=value".  When def_optional is true, the "=value"
-// part can be omitted.
-//
-// Returns the value of the flag, or NULL if the parsing failed.
-const char* ParseFlagValue(const char* str,
-                           const char* flag,
-                           bool def_optional) {
-  // str and flag must not be NULL.
-  if (str == NULL || flag == NULL) return NULL;
-
-  // The flag must start with "--" followed by GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_.
-  const std::string flag_str = std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + flag;
-  const size_t flag_len = flag_str.length();
-  if (strncmp(str, flag_str.c_str(), flag_len) != 0) return NULL;
-
-  // Skips the flag name.
-  const char* flag_end = str + flag_len;
-
-  // When def_optional is true, it's OK to not have a "=value" part.
-  if (def_optional && (flag_end[0] == '\0')) {
-    return flag_end;
-  }
-
-  // If def_optional is true and there are more characters after the
-  // flag name, or if def_optional is false, there must be a '=' after
-  // the flag name.
-  if (flag_end[0] != '=') return NULL;
-
-  // Returns the string after "=".
-  return flag_end + 1;
-}
-
-// Parses a string for a bool flag, in the form of either
-// "--flag=value" or "--flag".
-//
-// In the former case, the value is taken as true as long as it does
-// not start with '0', 'f', or 'F'.
-//
-// In the latter case, the value is taken as true.
-//
-// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
-// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
-bool ParseBoolFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, bool* value) {
-  // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
-  const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, true);
-
-  // Aborts if the parsing failed.
-  if (value_str == NULL) return false;
-
-  // Converts the string value to a bool.
-  *value = !(*value_str == '0' || *value_str == 'f' || *value_str == 'F');
-  return true;
-}
-
-// Parses a string for an Int32 flag, in the form of
-// "--flag=value".
-//
-// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
-// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
-bool ParseInt32Flag(const char* str, const char* flag, Int32* value) {
-  // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
-  const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);
-
-  // Aborts if the parsing failed.
-  if (value_str == NULL) return false;
-
-  // Sets *value to the value of the flag.
-  return ParseInt32(Message() << "The value of flag --" << flag,
-                    value_str, value);
-}
-
-// Parses a string for a string flag, in the form of
-// "--flag=value".
-//
-// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
-// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
-bool ParseStringFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, std::string* value) {
-  // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
-  const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);
-
-  // Aborts if the parsing failed.
-  if (value_str == NULL) return false;
-
-  // Sets *value to the value of the flag.
-  *value = value_str;
-  return true;
-}
-
-// Determines whether a string has a prefix that Google Test uses for its
-// flags, i.e., starts with GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ or GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_DASH_.
-// If Google Test detects that a command line flag has its prefix but is not
-// recognized, it will print its help message. Flags starting with
-// GTEST_INTERNAL_PREFIX_ followed by "internal_" are considered Google Test
-// internal flags and do not trigger the help message.
-static bool HasGoogleTestFlagPrefix(const char* str) {
-  return (SkipPrefix("--", &str) ||
-          SkipPrefix("-", &str) ||
-          SkipPrefix("/", &str)) &&
-         !SkipPrefix(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "internal_", &str) &&
-         (SkipPrefix(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, &str) ||
-          SkipPrefix(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_DASH_, &str));
-}
-
-// Prints a string containing code-encoded text.  The following escape
-// sequences can be used in the string to control the text color:
-//
-//   @@    prints a single '@' character.
-//   @R    changes the color to red.
-//   @G    changes the color to green.
-//   @Y    changes the color to yellow.
-//   @D    changes to the default terminal text color.
-//
-// TODO(wan@google.com): Write tests for this once we add stdout
-// capturing to Google Test.
-static void PrintColorEncoded(const char* str) {
-  GTestColor color = COLOR_DEFAULT;  // The current color.
-
-  // Conceptually, we split the string into segments divided by escape
-  // sequences.  Then we print one segment at a time.  At the end of
-  // each iteration, the str pointer advances to the beginning of the
-  // next segment.
-  for (;;) {
-    const char* p = strchr(str, '@');
-    if (p == NULL) {
-      ColoredPrintf(color, "%s", str);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    ColoredPrintf(color, "%s", std::string(str, p).c_str());
-
-    const char ch = p[1];
-    str = p + 2;
-    if (ch == '@') {
-      ColoredPrintf(color, "@");
-    } else if (ch == 'D') {
-      color = COLOR_DEFAULT;
-    } else if (ch == 'R') {
-      color = COLOR_RED;
-    } else if (ch == 'G') {
-      color = COLOR_GREEN;
-    } else if (ch == 'Y') {
-      color = COLOR_YELLOW;
-    } else {
-      --str;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-static const char kColorEncodedHelpMessage[] =
-"This program contains tests written using " GTEST_NAME_ ". You can use the\n"
-"following command line flags to control its behavior:\n"
-"\n"
-"Test Selection:\n"
-"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "list_tests@D\n"
-"      List the names of all tests instead of running them. The name of\n"
-"      TEST(Foo, Bar) is \"Foo.Bar\".\n"
-"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "filter=@YPOSTIVE_PATTERNS"
-    "[@G-@YNEGATIVE_PATTERNS]@D\n"
-"      Run only the tests whose name matches one of the positive patterns but\n"
-"      none of the negative patterns. '?' matches any single character; '*'\n"
-"      matches any substring; ':' separates two patterns.\n"
-"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "also_run_disabled_tests@D\n"
-"      Run all disabled tests too.\n"
-"\n"
-"Test Execution:\n"
-"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "repeat=@Y[COUNT]@D\n"
-"      Run the tests repeatedly; use a negative count to repeat forever.\n"
-"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "shuffle@D\n"
-"      Randomize tests' orders on every iteration.\n"
-"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "random_seed=@Y[NUMBER]@D\n"
-"      Random number seed to use for shuffling test orders (between 1 and\n"
-"      99999, or 0 to use a seed based on the current time).\n"
-"\n"
-"Test Output:\n"
-"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "color=@Y(@Gyes@Y|@Gno@Y|@Gauto@Y)@D\n"
-"      Enable/disable colored output. The default is @Gauto@D.\n"
-"  -@G-" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "print_time=0@D\n"
-"      Don't print the elapsed time of each test.\n"
-"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "output=xml@Y[@G:@YDIRECTORY_PATH@G"
-    GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "@Y|@G:@YFILE_PATH]@D\n"
-"      Generate an XML report in the given directory or with the given file\n"
-"      name. @YFILE_PATH@D defaults to @Gtest_details.xml@D.\n"
-#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
-"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "stream_result_to=@YHOST@G:@YPORT@D\n"
-"      Stream test results to the given server.\n"
-#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
-"\n"
-"Assertion Behavior:\n"
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "death_test_style=@Y(@Gfast@Y|@Gthreadsafe@Y)@D\n"
-"      Set the default death test style.\n"
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "break_on_failure@D\n"
-"      Turn assertion failures into debugger break-points.\n"
-"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "throw_on_failure@D\n"
-"      Turn assertion failures into C++ exceptions.\n"
-"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "catch_exceptions=0@D\n"
-"      Do not report exceptions as test failures. Instead, allow them\n"
-"      to crash the program or throw a pop-up (on Windows).\n"
-"\n"
-"Except for @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "list_tests@D, you can alternatively set "
-    "the corresponding\n"
-"environment variable of a flag (all letters in upper-case). For example, to\n"
-"disable colored text output, you can either specify @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_
-    "color=no@D or set\n"
-"the @G" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "COLOR@D environment variable to @Gno@D.\n"
-"\n"
-"For more information, please read the " GTEST_NAME_ " documentation at\n"
-"@G" GTEST_PROJECT_URL_ "@D. If you find a bug in " GTEST_NAME_ "\n"
-"(not one in your own code or tests), please report it to\n"
-"@G<" GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_ ">@D.\n";
-
-// Parses the command line for Google Test flags, without initializing
-// other parts of Google Test.  The type parameter CharType can be
-// instantiated to either char or wchar_t.
-template <typename CharType>
-void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(int* argc, CharType** argv) {
-  for (int i = 1; i < *argc; i++) {
-    const std::string arg_string = StreamableToString(argv[i]);
-    const char* const arg = arg_string.c_str();
-
-    using internal::ParseBoolFlag;
-    using internal::ParseInt32Flag;
-    using internal::ParseStringFlag;
-
-    // Do we see a Google Test flag?
-    if (ParseBoolFlag(arg, kAlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag,
-                      &GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests)) ||
-        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kBreakOnFailureFlag,
-                      &GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure)) ||
-        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kCatchExceptionsFlag,
-                      &GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions)) ||
-        ParseStringFlag(arg, kColorFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(color)) ||
-        ParseStringFlag(arg, kDeathTestStyleFlag,
-                        &GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style)) ||
-        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kDeathTestUseFork,
-                      &GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork)) ||
-        ParseStringFlag(arg, kFilterFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(filter)) ||
-        ParseStringFlag(arg, kInternalRunDeathTestFlag,
-                        &GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test)) ||
-        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kListTestsFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)) ||
-        ParseStringFlag(arg, kOutputFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(output)) ||
-        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kPrintTimeFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) ||
-        ParseInt32Flag(arg, kRandomSeedFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(random_seed)) ||
-        ParseInt32Flag(arg, kRepeatFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(repeat)) ||
-        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kShuffleFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) ||
-        ParseInt32Flag(arg, kStackTraceDepthFlag,
-                       &GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth)) ||
-        ParseStringFlag(arg, kStreamResultToFlag,
-                        &GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to)) ||
-        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kThrowOnFailureFlag,
-                      &GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure))
-        ) {
-      // Yes.  Shift the remainder of the argv list left by one.  Note
-      // that argv has (*argc + 1) elements, the last one always being
-      // NULL.  The following loop moves the trailing NULL element as
-      // well.
-      for (int j = i; j != *argc; j++) {
-        argv[j] = argv[j + 1];
-      }
-
-      // Decrements the argument count.
-      (*argc)--;
-
-      // We also need to decrement the iterator as we just removed
-      // an element.
-      i--;
-    } else if (arg_string == "--help" || arg_string == "-h" ||
-               arg_string == "-?" || arg_string == "/?" ||
-               HasGoogleTestFlagPrefix(arg)) {
-      // Both help flag and unrecognized Google Test flags (excluding
-      // internal ones) trigger help display.
-      g_help_flag = true;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (g_help_flag) {
-    // We print the help here instead of in RUN_ALL_TESTS(), as the
-    // latter may not be called at all if the user is using Google
-    // Test with another testing framework.
-    PrintColorEncoded(kColorEncodedHelpMessage);
-  }
-}
-
-// Parses the command line for Google Test flags, without initializing
-// other parts of Google Test.
-void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, char** argv) {
-  ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(argc, argv);
-}
-void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, wchar_t** argv) {
-  ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(argc, argv);
-}
-
-// The internal implementation of InitGoogleTest().
-//
-// The type parameter CharType can be instantiated to either char or
-// wchar_t.
-template <typename CharType>
-void InitGoogleTestImpl(int* argc, CharType** argv) {
-  g_init_gtest_count++;
-
-  // We don't want to run the initialization code twice.
-  if (g_init_gtest_count != 1) return;
-
-  if (*argc <= 0) return;
-
-  internal::g_executable_path = internal::StreamableToString(argv[0]);
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-  g_argvs.clear();
-  for (int i = 0; i != *argc; i++) {
-    g_argvs.push_back(StreamableToString(argv[i]));
-  }
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-  ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(argc, argv);
-  GetUnitTestImpl()->PostFlagParsingInit();
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-// Initializes Google Test.  This must be called before calling
-// RUN_ALL_TESTS().  In particular, it parses a command line for the
-// flags that Google Test recognizes.  Whenever a Google Test flag is
-// seen, it is removed from argv, and *argc is decremented.
-//
-// No value is returned.  Instead, the Google Test flag variables are
-// updated.
-//
-// Calling the function for the second time has no user-visible effect.
-void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, char** argv) {
-  internal::InitGoogleTestImpl(argc, argv);
-}
-
-// This overloaded version can be used in Windows programs compiled in
-// UNICODE mode.
-void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, wchar_t** argv) {
-  internal::InitGoogleTestImpl(argc, argv);
-}
-
-}  // namespace testing
-// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
-//
-// This file implements death tests.
-
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-# if GTEST_OS_MAC
-#  include <crt_externs.h>
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
-
-# include <errno.h>
-# include <fcntl.h>
-# include <limits.h>
-
-# if GTEST_OS_LINUX
-#  include <signal.h>
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
-
-# include <stdarg.h>
-
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-#  include <windows.h>
-# else
-#  include <sys/mman.h>
-#  include <sys/wait.h>
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-# if GTEST_OS_QNX
-#  include <spawn.h>
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-
-// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
-// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
-// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
-// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
-// his code.
-#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
-#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
-
-namespace testing {
-
-// Constants.
-
-// The default death test style.
-static const char kDefaultDeathTestStyle[] = "fast";
-
-GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
-    death_test_style,
-    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("death_test_style", kDefaultDeathTestStyle),
-    "Indicates how to run a death test in a forked child process: "
-    "\"threadsafe\" (child process re-executes the test binary "
-    "from the beginning, running only the specific death test) or "
-    "\"fast\" (child process runs the death test immediately "
-    "after forking).");
-
-GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
-    death_test_use_fork,
-    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("death_test_use_fork", false),
-    "Instructs to use fork()/_exit() instead of clone() in death tests. "
-    "Ignored and always uses fork() on POSIX systems where clone() is not "
-    "implemented. Useful when running under valgrind or similar tools if "
-    "those do not support clone(). Valgrind 3.3.1 will just fail if "
-    "it sees an unsupported combination of clone() flags. "
-    "It is not recommended to use this flag w/o valgrind though it will "
-    "work in 99% of the cases. Once valgrind is fixed, this flag will "
-    "most likely be removed.");
-
-namespace internal {
-GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
-    internal_run_death_test, "",
-    "Indicates the file, line number, temporal index of "
-    "the single death test to run, and a file descriptor to "
-    "which a success code may be sent, all separated by "
-    "the '|' characters.  This flag is specified if and only if the current "
-    "process is a sub-process launched for running a thread-safe "
-    "death test.  FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.");
-}  // namespace internal
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// Valid only for fast death tests. Indicates the code is running in the
-// child process of a fast style death test.
-static bool g_in_fast_death_test_child = false;
-
-// Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the caller is currently
-// executing in the context of the death test child process.  Tools such as
-// Valgrind heap checkers may need this to modify their behavior in death
-// tests.  IMPORTANT: This is an internal utility.  Using it may break the
-// implementation of death tests.  User code MUST NOT use it.
-bool InDeathTestChild() {
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-  // On Windows, death tests are thread-safe regardless of the value of the
-  // death_test_style flag.
-  return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).empty();
-
-# else
-
-  if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe")
-    return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).empty();
-  else
-    return g_in_fast_death_test_child;
-#endif
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-// ExitedWithCode constructor.
-ExitedWithCode::ExitedWithCode(int exit_code) : exit_code_(exit_code) {
-}
-
-// ExitedWithCode function-call operator.
-bool ExitedWithCode::operator()(int exit_status) const {
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-  return exit_status == exit_code_;
-
-# else
-
-  return WIFEXITED(exit_status) && WEXITSTATUS(exit_status) == exit_code_;
-
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-}
-
-# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-// KilledBySignal constructor.
-KilledBySignal::KilledBySignal(int signum) : signum_(signum) {
-}
-
-// KilledBySignal function-call operator.
-bool KilledBySignal::operator()(int exit_status) const {
-  return WIFSIGNALED(exit_status) && WTERMSIG(exit_status) == signum_;
-}
-# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// Utilities needed for death tests.
-
-// Generates a textual description of a given exit code, in the format
-// specified by wait(2).
-static std::string ExitSummary(int exit_code) {
-  Message m;
-
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-  m << "Exited with exit status " << exit_code;
-
-# else
-
-  if (WIFEXITED(exit_code)) {
-    m << "Exited with exit status " << WEXITSTATUS(exit_code);
-  } else if (WIFSIGNALED(exit_code)) {
-    m << "Terminated by signal " << WTERMSIG(exit_code);
-  }
-#  ifdef WCOREDUMP
-  if (WCOREDUMP(exit_code)) {
-    m << " (core dumped)";
-  }
-#  endif
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-  return m.GetString();
-}
-
-// Returns true if exit_status describes a process that was terminated
-// by a signal, or exited normally with a nonzero exit code.
-bool ExitedUnsuccessfully(int exit_status) {
-  return !ExitedWithCode(0)(exit_status);
-}
-
-# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-// Generates a textual failure message when a death test finds more than
-// one thread running, or cannot determine the number of threads, prior
-// to executing the given statement.  It is the responsibility of the
-// caller not to pass a thread_count of 1.
-static std::string DeathTestThreadWarning(size_t thread_count) {
-  Message msg;
-  msg << "Death tests use fork(), which is unsafe particularly"
-      << " in a threaded context. For this test, " << GTEST_NAME_ << " ";
-  if (thread_count == 0)
-    msg << "couldn't detect the number of threads.";
-  else
-    msg << "detected " << thread_count << " threads.";
-  return msg.GetString();
-}
-# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-// Flag characters for reporting a death test that did not die.
-static const char kDeathTestLived = 'L';
-static const char kDeathTestReturned = 'R';
-static const char kDeathTestThrew = 'T';
-static const char kDeathTestInternalError = 'I';
-
-// An enumeration describing all of the possible ways that a death test can
-// conclude.  DIED means that the process died while executing the test
-// code; LIVED means that process lived beyond the end of the test code;
-// RETURNED means that the test statement attempted to execute a return
-// statement, which is not allowed; THREW means that the test statement
-// returned control by throwing an exception.  IN_PROGRESS means the test
-// has not yet concluded.
-// TODO(vladl@google.com): Unify names and possibly values for
-// AbortReason, DeathTestOutcome, and flag characters above.
-enum DeathTestOutcome { IN_PROGRESS, DIED, LIVED, RETURNED, THREW };
-
-// Routine for aborting the program which is safe to call from an
-// exec-style death test child process, in which case the error
-// message is propagated back to the parent process.  Otherwise, the
-// message is simply printed to stderr.  In either case, the program
-// then exits with status 1.
-void DeathTestAbort(const std::string& message) {
-  // On a POSIX system, this function may be called from a threadsafe-style
-  // death test child process, which operates on a very small stack.  Use
-  // the heap for any additional non-minuscule memory requirements.
-  const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
-      GetUnitTestImpl()->internal_run_death_test_flag();
-  if (flag != NULL) {
-    FILE* parent = posix::FDOpen(flag->write_fd(), "w");
-    fputc(kDeathTestInternalError, parent);
-    fprintf(parent, "%s", message.c_str());
-    fflush(parent);
-    _exit(1);
-  } else {
-    fprintf(stderr, "%s", message.c_str());
-    fflush(stderr);
-    posix::Abort();
-  }
-}
-
-// A replacement for CHECK that calls DeathTestAbort if the assertion
-// fails.
-# define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(expression) \
-  do { \
-    if (!::testing::internal::IsTrue(expression)) { \
-      DeathTestAbort( \
-          ::std::string("CHECK failed: File ") + __FILE__ +  ", line " \
-          + ::testing::internal::StreamableToString(__LINE__) + ": " \
-          + #expression); \
-    } \
-  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
-
-// This macro is similar to GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_, but it is meant for
-// evaluating any system call that fulfills two conditions: it must return
-// -1 on failure, and set errno to EINTR when it is interrupted and
-// should be tried again.  The macro expands to a loop that repeatedly
-// evaluates the expression as long as it evaluates to -1 and sets
-// errno to EINTR.  If the expression evaluates to -1 but errno is
-// something other than EINTR, DeathTestAbort is called.
-# define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(expression) \
-  do { \
-    int gtest_retval; \
-    do { \
-      gtest_retval = (expression); \
-    } while (gtest_retval == -1 && errno == EINTR); \
-    if (gtest_retval == -1) { \
-      DeathTestAbort( \
-          ::std::string("CHECK failed: File ") + __FILE__ + ", line " \
-          + ::testing::internal::StreamableToString(__LINE__) + ": " \
-          + #expression + " != -1"); \
-    } \
-  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
-
-// Returns the message describing the last system error in errno.
-std::string GetLastErrnoDescription() {
-    return errno == 0 ? "" : posix::StrError(errno);
-}
-
-// This is called from a death test parent process to read a failure
-// message from the death test child process and log it with the FATAL
-// severity. On Windows, the message is read from a pipe handle. On other
-// platforms, it is read from a file descriptor.
-static void FailFromInternalError(int fd) {
-  Message error;
-  char buffer[256];
-  int num_read;
-
-  do {
-    while ((num_read = posix::Read(fd, buffer, 255)) > 0) {
-      buffer[num_read] = '\0';
-      error << buffer;
-    }
-  } while (num_read == -1 && errno == EINTR);
-
-  if (num_read == 0) {
-    GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << error.GetString();
-  } else {
-    const int last_error = errno;
-    GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Error while reading death test internal: "
-                      << GetLastErrnoDescription() << " [" << last_error << "]";
-  }
-}
-
-// Death test constructor.  Increments the running death test count
-// for the current test.
-DeathTest::DeathTest() {
-  TestInfo* const info = GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_info();
-  if (info == NULL) {
-    DeathTestAbort("Cannot run a death test outside of a TEST or "
-                   "TEST_F construct");
-  }
-}
-
-// Creates and returns a death test by dispatching to the current
-// death test factory.
-bool DeathTest::Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
-                       const char* file, int line, DeathTest** test) {
-  return GetUnitTestImpl()->death_test_factory()->Create(
-      statement, regex, file, line, test);
-}
-
-const char* DeathTest::LastMessage() {
-  return last_death_test_message_.c_str();
-}
-
-void DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(const std::string& message) {
-  last_death_test_message_ = message;
-}
-
-std::string DeathTest::last_death_test_message_;
-
-// Provides cross platform implementation for some death functionality.
-class DeathTestImpl : public DeathTest {
- protected:
-  DeathTestImpl(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex)
-      : statement_(a_statement),
-        regex_(a_regex),
-        spawned_(false),
-        status_(-1),
-        outcome_(IN_PROGRESS),
-        read_fd_(-1),
-        write_fd_(-1) {}
-
-  // read_fd_ is expected to be closed and cleared by a derived class.
-  ~DeathTestImpl() { GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(read_fd_ == -1); }
-
-  void Abort(AbortReason reason);
-  virtual bool Passed(bool status_ok);
-
-  const char* statement() const { return statement_; }
-  const RE* regex() const { return regex_; }
-  bool spawned() const { return spawned_; }
-  void set_spawned(bool is_spawned) { spawned_ = is_spawned; }
-  int status() const { return status_; }
-  void set_status(int a_status) { status_ = a_status; }
-  DeathTestOutcome outcome() const { return outcome_; }
-  void set_outcome(DeathTestOutcome an_outcome) { outcome_ = an_outcome; }
-  int read_fd() const { return read_fd_; }
-  void set_read_fd(int fd) { read_fd_ = fd; }
-  int write_fd() const { return write_fd_; }
-  void set_write_fd(int fd) { write_fd_ = fd; }
-
-  // Called in the parent process only. Reads the result code of the death
-  // test child process via a pipe, interprets it to set the outcome_
-  // member, and closes read_fd_.  Outputs diagnostics and terminates in
-  // case of unexpected codes.
-  void ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
-
- private:
-  // The textual content of the code this object is testing.  This class
-  // doesn't own this string and should not attempt to delete it.
-  const char* const statement_;
-  // The regular expression which test output must match.  DeathTestImpl
-  // doesn't own this object and should not attempt to delete it.
-  const RE* const regex_;
-  // True if the death test child process has been successfully spawned.
-  bool spawned_;
-  // The exit status of the child process.
-  int status_;
-  // How the death test concluded.
-  DeathTestOutcome outcome_;
-  // Descriptor to the read end of the pipe to the child process.  It is
-  // always -1 in the child process.  The child keeps its write end of the
-  // pipe in write_fd_.
-  int read_fd_;
-  // Descriptor to the child's write end of the pipe to the parent process.
-  // It is always -1 in the parent process.  The parent keeps its end of the
-  // pipe in read_fd_.
-  int write_fd_;
-};
-
-// Called in the parent process only. Reads the result code of the death
-// test child process via a pipe, interprets it to set the outcome_
-// member, and closes read_fd_.  Outputs diagnostics and terminates in
-// case of unexpected codes.
-void DeathTestImpl::ReadAndInterpretStatusByte() {
-  char flag;
-  int bytes_read;
-
-  // The read() here blocks until data is available (signifying the
-  // failure of the death test) or until the pipe is closed (signifying
-  // its success), so it's okay to call this in the parent before
-  // the child process has exited.
-  do {
-    bytes_read = posix::Read(read_fd(), &flag, 1);
-  } while (bytes_read == -1 && errno == EINTR);
-
-  if (bytes_read == 0) {
-    set_outcome(DIED);
-  } else if (bytes_read == 1) {
-    switch (flag) {
-      case kDeathTestReturned:
-        set_outcome(RETURNED);
-        break;
-      case kDeathTestThrew:
-        set_outcome(THREW);
-        break;
-      case kDeathTestLived:
-        set_outcome(LIVED);
-        break;
-      case kDeathTestInternalError:
-        FailFromInternalError(read_fd());  // Does not return.
-        break;
-      default:
-        GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Death test child process reported "
-                          << "unexpected status byte ("
-                          << static_cast<unsigned int>(flag) << ")";
-    }
-  } else {
-    GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Read from death test child process failed: "
-                      << GetLastErrnoDescription();
-  }
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(posix::Close(read_fd()));
-  set_read_fd(-1);
-}
-
-// Signals that the death test code which should have exited, didn't.
-// Should be called only in a death test child process.
-// Writes a status byte to the child's status file descriptor, then
-// calls _exit(1).
-void DeathTestImpl::Abort(AbortReason reason) {
-  // The parent process considers the death test to be a failure if
-  // it finds any data in our pipe.  So, here we write a single flag byte
-  // to the pipe, then exit.
-  const char status_ch =
-      reason == TEST_DID_NOT_DIE ? kDeathTestLived :
-      reason == TEST_THREW_EXCEPTION ? kDeathTestThrew : kDeathTestReturned;
-
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(posix::Write(write_fd(), &status_ch, 1));
-  // We are leaking the descriptor here because on some platforms (i.e.,
-  // when built as Windows DLL), destructors of global objects will still
-  // run after calling _exit(). On such systems, write_fd_ will be
-  // indirectly closed from the destructor of UnitTestImpl, causing double
-  // close if it is also closed here. On debug configurations, double close
-  // may assert. As there are no in-process buffers to flush here, we are
-  // relying on the OS to close the descriptor after the process terminates
-  // when the destructors are not run.
-  _exit(1);  // Exits w/o any normal exit hooks (we were supposed to crash)
-}
-
-// Returns an indented copy of stderr output for a death test.
-// This makes distinguishing death test output lines from regular log lines
-// much easier.
-static ::std::string FormatDeathTestOutput(const ::std::string& output) {
-  ::std::string ret;
-  for (size_t at = 0; ; ) {
-    const size_t line_end = output.find('\n', at);
-    ret += "[  DEATH   ] ";
-    if (line_end == ::std::string::npos) {
-      ret += output.substr(at);
-      break;
-    }
-    ret += output.substr(at, line_end + 1 - at);
-    at = line_end + 1;
-  }
-  return ret;
-}
-
-// Assesses the success or failure of a death test, using both private
-// members which have previously been set, and one argument:
-//
-// Private data members:
-//   outcome:  An enumeration describing how the death test
-//             concluded: DIED, LIVED, THREW, or RETURNED.  The death test
-//             fails in the latter three cases.
-//   status:   The exit status of the child process. On *nix, it is in the
-//             in the format specified by wait(2). On Windows, this is the
-//             value supplied to the ExitProcess() API or a numeric code
-//             of the exception that terminated the program.
-//   regex:    A regular expression object to be applied to
-//             the test's captured standard error output; the death test
-//             fails if it does not match.
-//
-// Argument:
-//   status_ok: true if exit_status is acceptable in the context of
-//              this particular death test, which fails if it is false
-//
-// Returns true iff all of the above conditions are met.  Otherwise, the
-// first failing condition, in the order given above, is the one that is
-// reported. Also sets the last death test message string.
-bool DeathTestImpl::Passed(bool status_ok) {
-  if (!spawned())
-    return false;
-
-  const std::string error_message = GetCapturedStderr();
-
-  bool success = false;
-  Message buffer;
-
-  buffer << "Death test: " << statement() << "\n";
-  switch (outcome()) {
-    case LIVED:
-      buffer << "    Result: failed to die.\n"
-             << " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
-      break;
-    case THREW:
-      buffer << "    Result: threw an exception.\n"
-             << " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
-      break;
-    case RETURNED:
-      buffer << "    Result: illegal return in test statement.\n"
-             << " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
-      break;
-    case DIED:
-      if (status_ok) {
-        const bool matched = RE::PartialMatch(error_message.c_str(), *regex());
-        if (matched) {
-          success = true;
-        } else {
-          buffer << "    Result: died but not with expected error.\n"
-                 << "  Expected: " << regex()->pattern() << "\n"
-                 << "Actual msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
-        }
-      } else {
-        buffer << "    Result: died but not with expected exit code:\n"
-               << "            " << ExitSummary(status()) << "\n"
-               << "Actual msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
-      }
-      break;
-    case IN_PROGRESS:
-    default:
-      GTEST_LOG_(FATAL)
-          << "DeathTest::Passed somehow called before conclusion of test";
-  }
-
-  DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(buffer.GetString());
-  return success;
-}
-
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-// WindowsDeathTest implements death tests on Windows. Due to the
-// specifics of starting new processes on Windows, death tests there are
-// always threadsafe, and Google Test considers the
-// --gtest_death_test_style=fast setting to be equivalent to
-// --gtest_death_test_style=threadsafe there.
-//
-// A few implementation notes:  Like the Linux version, the Windows
-// implementation uses pipes for child-to-parent communication. But due to
-// the specifics of pipes on Windows, some extra steps are required:
-//
-// 1. The parent creates a communication pipe and stores handles to both
-//    ends of it.
-// 2. The parent starts the child and provides it with the information
-//    necessary to acquire the handle to the write end of the pipe.
-// 3. The child acquires the write end of the pipe and signals the parent
-//    using a Windows event.
-// 4. Now the parent can release the write end of the pipe on its side. If
-//    this is done before step 3, the object's reference count goes down to
-//    0 and it is destroyed, preventing the child from acquiring it. The
-//    parent now has to release it, or read operations on the read end of
-//    the pipe will not return when the child terminates.
-// 5. The parent reads child's output through the pipe (outcome code and
-//    any possible error messages) from the pipe, and its stderr and then
-//    determines whether to fail the test.
-//
-// Note: to distinguish Win32 API calls from the local method and function
-// calls, the former are explicitly resolved in the global namespace.
-//
-class WindowsDeathTest : public DeathTestImpl {
- public:
-  WindowsDeathTest(const char* a_statement,
-                   const RE* a_regex,
-                   const char* file,
-                   int line)
-      : DeathTestImpl(a_statement, a_regex), file_(file), line_(line) {}
-
-  // All of these virtual functions are inherited from DeathTest.
-  virtual int Wait();
-  virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
-
- private:
-  // The name of the file in which the death test is located.
-  const char* const file_;
-  // The line number on which the death test is located.
-  const int line_;
-  // Handle to the write end of the pipe to the child process.
-  AutoHandle write_handle_;
-  // Child process handle.
-  AutoHandle child_handle_;
-  // Event the child process uses to signal the parent that it has
-  // acquired the handle to the write end of the pipe. After seeing this
-  // event the parent can release its own handles to make sure its
-  // ReadFile() calls return when the child terminates.
-  AutoHandle event_handle_;
-};
-
-// Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
-// status, or 0 if no child process exists.  As a side effect, sets the
-// outcome data member.
-int WindowsDeathTest::Wait() {
-  if (!spawned())
-    return 0;
-
-  // Wait until the child either signals that it has acquired the write end
-  // of the pipe or it dies.
-  const HANDLE wait_handles[2] = { child_handle_.Get(), event_handle_.Get() };
-  switch (::WaitForMultipleObjects(2,
-                                   wait_handles,
-                                   FALSE,  // Waits for any of the handles.
-                                   INFINITE)) {
-    case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
-    case WAIT_OBJECT_0 + 1:
-      break;
-    default:
-      GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(false);  // Should not get here.
-  }
-
-  // The child has acquired the write end of the pipe or exited.
-  // We release the handle on our side and continue.
-  write_handle_.Reset();
-  event_handle_.Reset();
-
-  ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
-
-  // Waits for the child process to exit if it haven't already. This
-  // returns immediately if the child has already exited, regardless of
-  // whether previous calls to WaitForMultipleObjects synchronized on this
-  // handle or not.
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
-      WAIT_OBJECT_0 == ::WaitForSingleObject(child_handle_.Get(),
-                                             INFINITE));
-  DWORD status_code;
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
-      ::GetExitCodeProcess(child_handle_.Get(), &status_code) != FALSE);
-  child_handle_.Reset();
-  set_status(static_cast<int>(status_code));
-  return status();
-}
-
-// The AssumeRole process for a Windows death test.  It creates a child
-// process with the same executable as the current process to run the
-// death test.  The child process is given the --gtest_filter and
-// --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags such that it knows to run the
-// current death test only.
-DeathTest::TestRole WindowsDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
-  const UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
-  const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
-      impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
-  const TestInfo* const info = impl->current_test_info();
-  const int death_test_index = info->result()->death_test_count();
-
-  if (flag != NULL) {
-    // ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() has performed all the necessary
-    // processing.
-    set_write_fd(flag->write_fd());
-    return EXECUTE_TEST;
-  }
-
-  // WindowsDeathTest uses an anonymous pipe to communicate results of
-  // a death test.
-  SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES handles_are_inheritable = {
-    sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES), NULL, TRUE };
-  HANDLE read_handle, write_handle;
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
-      ::CreatePipe(&read_handle, &write_handle, &handles_are_inheritable,
-                   0)  // Default buffer size.
-      != FALSE);
-  set_read_fd(::_open_osfhandle(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(read_handle),
-                                O_RDONLY));
-  write_handle_.Reset(write_handle);
-  event_handle_.Reset(::CreateEvent(
-      &handles_are_inheritable,
-      TRUE,    // The event will automatically reset to non-signaled state.
-      FALSE,   // The initial state is non-signalled.
-      NULL));  // The even is unnamed.
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(event_handle_.Get() != NULL);
-  const std::string filter_flag =
-      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kFilterFlag + "=" +
-      info->test_case_name() + "." + info->name();
-  const std::string internal_flag =
-      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kInternalRunDeathTestFlag +
-      "=" + file_ + "|" + StreamableToString(line_) + "|" +
-      StreamableToString(death_test_index) + "|" +
-      StreamableToString(static_cast<unsigned int>(::GetCurrentProcessId())) +
-      // size_t has the same width as pointers on both 32-bit and 64-bit
-      // Windows platforms.
-      // See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tcxf1dw6.aspx.
-      "|" + StreamableToString(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(write_handle)) +
-      "|" + StreamableToString(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(event_handle_.Get()));
-
-  char executable_path[_MAX_PATH + 1];  // NOLINT
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
-      _MAX_PATH + 1 != ::GetModuleFileNameA(NULL,
-                                            executable_path,
-                                            _MAX_PATH));
-
-  std::string command_line =
-      std::string(::GetCommandLineA()) + " " + filter_flag + " \"" +
-      internal_flag + "\"";
-
-  DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
-
-  CaptureStderr();
-  // Flush the log buffers since the log streams are shared with the child.
-  FlushInfoLog();
-
-  // The child process will share the standard handles with the parent.
-  STARTUPINFOA startup_info;
-  memset(&startup_info, 0, sizeof(STARTUPINFO));
-  startup_info.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
-  startup_info.hStdInput = ::GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
-  startup_info.hStdOutput = ::GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
-  startup_info.hStdError = ::GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);
-
-  PROCESS_INFORMATION process_info;
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(::CreateProcessA(
-      executable_path,
-      const_cast<char*>(command_line.c_str()),
-      NULL,   // Retuned process handle is not inheritable.
-      NULL,   // Retuned thread handle is not inheritable.
-      TRUE,   // Child inherits all inheritable handles (for write_handle_).
-      0x0,    // Default creation flags.
-      NULL,   // Inherit the parent's environment.
-      UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir(),
-      &startup_info,
-      &process_info) != FALSE);
-  child_handle_.Reset(process_info.hProcess);
-  ::CloseHandle(process_info.hThread);
-  set_spawned(true);
-  return OVERSEE_TEST;
-}
-# else  // We are not on Windows.
-
-// ForkingDeathTest provides implementations for most of the abstract
-// methods of the DeathTest interface.  Only the AssumeRole method is
-// left undefined.
-class ForkingDeathTest : public DeathTestImpl {
- public:
-  ForkingDeathTest(const char* statement, const RE* regex);
-
-  // All of these virtual functions are inherited from DeathTest.
-  virtual int Wait();
-
- protected:
-  void set_child_pid(pid_t child_pid) { child_pid_ = child_pid; }
-
- private:
-  // PID of child process during death test; 0 in the child process itself.
-  pid_t child_pid_;
-};
-
-// Constructs a ForkingDeathTest.
-ForkingDeathTest::ForkingDeathTest(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex)
-    : DeathTestImpl(a_statement, a_regex),
-      child_pid_(-1) {}
-
-// Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
-// status, or 0 if no child process exists.  As a side effect, sets the
-// outcome data member.
-int ForkingDeathTest::Wait() {
-  if (!spawned())
-    return 0;
-
-  ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
-
-  int status_value;
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(waitpid(child_pid_, &status_value, 0));
-  set_status(status_value);
-  return status_value;
-}
-
-// A concrete death test class that forks, then immediately runs the test
-// in the child process.
-class NoExecDeathTest : public ForkingDeathTest {
- public:
-  NoExecDeathTest(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex) :
-      ForkingDeathTest(a_statement, a_regex) { }
-  virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
-};
-
-// The AssumeRole process for a fork-and-run death test.  It implements a
-// straightforward fork, with a simple pipe to transmit the status byte.
-DeathTest::TestRole NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
-  const size_t thread_count = GetThreadCount();
-  if (thread_count != 1) {
-    GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << DeathTestThreadWarning(thread_count);
-  }
-
-  int pipe_fd[2];
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(pipe(pipe_fd) != -1);
-
-  DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
-  CaptureStderr();
-  // When we fork the process below, the log file buffers are copied, but the
-  // file descriptors are shared.  We flush all log files here so that closing
-  // the file descriptors in the child process doesn't throw off the
-  // synchronization between descriptors and buffers in the parent process.
-  // This is as close to the fork as possible to avoid a race condition in case
-  // there are multiple threads running before the death test, and another
-  // thread writes to the log file.
-  FlushInfoLog();
-
-  const pid_t child_pid = fork();
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(child_pid != -1);
-  set_child_pid(child_pid);
-  if (child_pid == 0) {
-    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[0]));
-    set_write_fd(pipe_fd[1]);
-    // Redirects all logging to stderr in the child process to prevent
-    // concurrent writes to the log files.  We capture stderr in the parent
-    // process and append the child process' output to a log.
-    LogToStderr();
-    // Event forwarding to the listeners of event listener API mush be shut
-    // down in death test subprocesses.
-    GetUnitTestImpl()->listeners()->SuppressEventForwarding();
-    g_in_fast_death_test_child = true;
-    return EXECUTE_TEST;
-  } else {
-    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
-    set_read_fd(pipe_fd[0]);
-    set_spawned(true);
-    return OVERSEE_TEST;
-  }
-}
-
-// A concrete death test class that forks and re-executes the main
-// program from the beginning, with command-line flags set that cause
-// only this specific death test to be run.
-class ExecDeathTest : public ForkingDeathTest {
- public:
-  ExecDeathTest(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex,
-                const char* file, int line) :
-      ForkingDeathTest(a_statement, a_regex), file_(file), line_(line) { }
-  virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
- private:
-  static ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>
-  GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess() {
-    ::std::vector<testing::internal::string> args = GetInjectableArgvs();
-    return args;
-  }
-  // The name of the file in which the death test is located.
-  const char* const file_;
-  // The line number on which the death test is located.
-  const int line_;
-};
-
-// Utility class for accumulating command-line arguments.
-class Arguments {
- public:
-  Arguments() {
-    args_.push_back(NULL);
-  }
-
-  ~Arguments() {
-    for (std::vector<char*>::iterator i = args_.begin(); i != args_.end();
-         ++i) {
-      free(*i);
-    }
-  }
-  void AddArgument(const char* argument) {
-    args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(argument));
-  }
-
-  template <typename Str>
-  void AddArguments(const ::std::vector<Str>& arguments) {
-    for (typename ::std::vector<Str>::const_iterator i = arguments.begin();
-         i != arguments.end();
-         ++i) {
-      args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(i->c_str()));
-    }
-  }
-  char* const* Argv() {
-    return &args_[0];
-  }
-
- private:
-  std::vector<char*> args_;
-};
-
-// A struct that encompasses the arguments to the child process of a
-// threadsafe-style death test process.
-struct ExecDeathTestArgs {
-  char* const* argv;  // Command-line arguments for the child's call to exec
-  int close_fd;       // File descriptor to close; the read end of a pipe
-};
-
-#  if GTEST_OS_MAC
-inline char** GetEnviron() {
-  // When Google Test is built as a framework on MacOS X, the environ variable
-  // is unavailable. Apple's documentation (man environ) recommends using
-  // _NSGetEnviron() instead.
-  return *_NSGetEnviron();
-}
-#  else
-// Some POSIX platforms expect you to declare environ. extern "C" makes
-// it reside in the global namespace.
-extern "C" char** environ;
-inline char** GetEnviron() { return environ; }
-#  endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
-
-#  if !GTEST_OS_QNX
-// The main function for a threadsafe-style death test child process.
-// This function is called in a clone()-ed process and thus must avoid
-// any potentially unsafe operations like malloc or libc functions.
-static int ExecDeathTestChildMain(void* child_arg) {
-  ExecDeathTestArgs* const args = static_cast<ExecDeathTestArgs*>(child_arg);
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(args->close_fd));
-
-  // We need to execute the test program in the same environment where
-  // it was originally invoked.  Therefore we change to the original
-  // working directory first.
-  const char* const original_dir =
-      UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
-  // We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
-  if (chdir(original_dir) != 0) {
-    DeathTestAbort(std::string("chdir(\"") + original_dir + "\") failed: " +
-                   GetLastErrnoDescription());
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-
-  // We can safely call execve() as it's a direct system call.  We
-  // cannot use execvp() as it's a libc function and thus potentially
-  // unsafe.  Since execve() doesn't search the PATH, the user must
-  // invoke the test program via a valid path that contains at least
-  // one path separator.
-  execve(args->argv[0], args->argv, GetEnviron());
-  DeathTestAbort(std::string("execve(") + args->argv[0] + ", ...) in " +
-                 original_dir + " failed: " +
-                 GetLastErrnoDescription());
-  return EXIT_FAILURE;
-}
-#  endif  // !GTEST_OS_QNX
-
-// Two utility routines that together determine the direction the stack
-// grows.
-// This could be accomplished more elegantly by a single recursive
-// function, but we want to guard against the unlikely possibility of
-// a smart compiler optimizing the recursion away.
-//
-// GTEST_NO_INLINE_ is required to prevent GCC 4.6 from inlining
-// StackLowerThanAddress into StackGrowsDown, which then doesn't give
-// correct answer.
-void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr, bool* result) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;
-void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr, bool* result) {
-  int dummy;
-  *result = (&dummy < ptr);
-}
-
-bool StackGrowsDown() {
-  int dummy;
-  bool result;
-  StackLowerThanAddress(&dummy, &result);
-  return result;
-}
-
-// Spawns a child process with the same executable as the current process in
-// a thread-safe manner and instructs it to run the death test.  The
-// implementation uses fork(2) + exec.  On systems where clone(2) is
-// available, it is used instead, being slightly more thread-safe.  On QNX,
-// fork supports only single-threaded environments, so this function uses
-// spawn(2) there instead.  The function dies with an error message if
-// anything goes wrong.
-static pid_t ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(char* const* argv, int close_fd) {
-  ExecDeathTestArgs args = { argv, close_fd };
-  pid_t child_pid = -1;
-
-#  if GTEST_OS_QNX
-  // Obtains the current directory and sets it to be closed in the child
-  // process.
-  const int cwd_fd = open(".", O_RDONLY);
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(cwd_fd != -1);
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fcntl(cwd_fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC));
-  // We need to execute the test program in the same environment where
-  // it was originally invoked.  Therefore we change to the original
-  // working directory first.
-  const char* const original_dir =
-      UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
-  // We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
-  if (chdir(original_dir) != 0) {
-    DeathTestAbort(std::string("chdir(\"") + original_dir + "\") failed: " +
-                   GetLastErrnoDescription());
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-
-  int fd_flags;
-  // Set close_fd to be closed after spawn.
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fd_flags = fcntl(close_fd, F_GETFD));
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fcntl(close_fd, F_SETFD,
-                                        fd_flags | FD_CLOEXEC));
-  struct inheritance inherit = {0};
-  // spawn is a system call.
-  child_pid = spawn(args.argv[0], 0, NULL, &inherit, args.argv, GetEnviron());
-  // Restores the current working directory.
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fchdir(cwd_fd) != -1);
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(cwd_fd));
-
-#  else   // GTEST_OS_QNX
-#   if GTEST_OS_LINUX
-  // When a SIGPROF signal is received while fork() or clone() are executing,
-  // the process may hang. To avoid this, we ignore SIGPROF here and re-enable
-  // it after the call to fork()/clone() is complete.
-  struct sigaction saved_sigprof_action;
-  struct sigaction ignore_sigprof_action;
-  memset(&ignore_sigprof_action, 0, sizeof(ignore_sigprof_action));
-  sigemptyset(&ignore_sigprof_action.sa_mask);
-  ignore_sigprof_action.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(sigaction(
-      SIGPROF, &ignore_sigprof_action, &saved_sigprof_action));
-#   endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
-
-#   if GTEST_HAS_CLONE
-  const bool use_fork = GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork);
-
-  if (!use_fork) {
-    static const bool stack_grows_down = StackGrowsDown();
-    const size_t stack_size = getpagesize();
-    // MMAP_ANONYMOUS is not defined on Mac, so we use MAP_ANON instead.
-    void* const stack = mmap(NULL, stack_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
-                             MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
-    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack != MAP_FAILED);
-
-    // Maximum stack alignment in bytes:  For a downward-growing stack, this
-    // amount is subtracted from size of the stack space to get an address
-    // that is within the stack space and is aligned on all systems we care
-    // about.  As far as I know there is no ABI with stack alignment greater
-    // than 64.  We assume stack and stack_size already have alignment of
-    // kMaxStackAlignment.
-    const size_t kMaxStackAlignment = 64;
-    void* const stack_top =
-        static_cast<char*>(stack) +
-            (stack_grows_down ? stack_size - kMaxStackAlignment : 0);
-    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack_size > kMaxStackAlignment &&
-        reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(stack_top) % kMaxStackAlignment == 0);
-
-    child_pid = clone(&ExecDeathTestChildMain, stack_top, SIGCHLD, &args);
-
-    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(munmap(stack, stack_size) != -1);
-  }
-#   else
-  const bool use_fork = true;
-#   endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE
-
-  if (use_fork && (child_pid = fork()) == 0) {
-      ExecDeathTestChildMain(&args);
-      _exit(0);
-  }
-#  endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
-#  if GTEST_OS_LINUX
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(
-      sigaction(SIGPROF, &saved_sigprof_action, NULL));
-#  endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
-
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(child_pid != -1);
-  return child_pid;
-}
-
-// The AssumeRole process for a fork-and-exec death test.  It re-executes the
-// main program from the beginning, setting the --gtest_filter
-// and --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags to cause only the current
-// death test to be re-run.
-DeathTest::TestRole ExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
-  const UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
-  const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
-      impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
-  const TestInfo* const info = impl->current_test_info();
-  const int death_test_index = info->result()->death_test_count();
-
-  if (flag != NULL) {
-    set_write_fd(flag->write_fd());
-    return EXECUTE_TEST;
-  }
-
-  int pipe_fd[2];
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(pipe(pipe_fd) != -1);
-  // Clear the close-on-exec flag on the write end of the pipe, lest
-  // it be closed when the child process does an exec:
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fcntl(pipe_fd[1], F_SETFD, 0) != -1);
-
-  const std::string filter_flag =
-      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kFilterFlag + "="
-      + info->test_case_name() + "." + info->name();
-  const std::string internal_flag =
-      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kInternalRunDeathTestFlag + "="
-      + file_ + "|" + StreamableToString(line_) + "|"
-      + StreamableToString(death_test_index) + "|"
-      + StreamableToString(pipe_fd[1]);
-  Arguments args;
-  args.AddArguments(GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess());
-  args.AddArgument(filter_flag.c_str());
-  args.AddArgument(internal_flag.c_str());
-
-  DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
-
-  CaptureStderr();
-  // See the comment in NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole for why the next line
-  // is necessary.
-  FlushInfoLog();
-
-  const pid_t child_pid = ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(args.Argv(), pipe_fd[0]);
-  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
-  set_child_pid(child_pid);
-  set_read_fd(pipe_fd[0]);
-  set_spawned(true);
-  return OVERSEE_TEST;
-}
-
-# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-// Creates a concrete DeathTest-derived class that depends on the
-// --gtest_death_test_style flag, and sets the pointer pointed to
-// by the "test" argument to its address.  If the test should be
-// skipped, sets that pointer to NULL.  Returns true, unless the
-// flag is set to an invalid value.
-bool DefaultDeathTestFactory::Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
-                                     const char* file, int line,
-                                     DeathTest** test) {
-  UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
-  const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
-      impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
-  const int death_test_index = impl->current_test_info()
-      ->increment_death_test_count();
-
-  if (flag != NULL) {
-    if (death_test_index > flag->index()) {
-      DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(
-          "Death test count (" + StreamableToString(death_test_index)
-          + ") somehow exceeded expected maximum ("
-          + StreamableToString(flag->index()) + ")");
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    if (!(flag->file() == file && flag->line() == line &&
-          flag->index() == death_test_index)) {
-      *test = NULL;
-      return true;
-    }
-  }
-
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-  if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe" ||
-      GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "fast") {
-    *test = new WindowsDeathTest(statement, regex, file, line);
-  }
-
-# else
-
-  if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe") {
-    *test = new ExecDeathTest(statement, regex, file, line);
-  } else if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "fast") {
-    *test = new NoExecDeathTest(statement, regex);
-  }
-
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-  else {  // NOLINT - this is more readable than unbalanced brackets inside #if.
-    DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(
-        "Unknown death test style \"" + GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style)
-        + "\" encountered");
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-// Splits a given string on a given delimiter, populating a given
-// vector with the fields.  GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have
-// ::std::string, so we can use it here.
-static void SplitString(const ::std::string& str, char delimiter,
-                        ::std::vector< ::std::string>* dest) {
-  ::std::vector< ::std::string> parsed;
-  ::std::string::size_type pos = 0;
-  while (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) {
-    const ::std::string::size_type colon = str.find(delimiter, pos);
-    if (colon == ::std::string::npos) {
-      parsed.push_back(str.substr(pos));
-      break;
-    } else {
-      parsed.push_back(str.substr(pos, colon - pos));
-      pos = colon + 1;
-    }
-  }
-  dest->swap(parsed);
-}
-
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-// Recreates the pipe and event handles from the provided parameters,
-// signals the event, and returns a file descriptor wrapped around the pipe
-// handle. This function is called in the child process only.
-int GetStatusFileDescriptor(unsigned int parent_process_id,
-                            size_t write_handle_as_size_t,
-                            size_t event_handle_as_size_t) {
-  AutoHandle parent_process_handle(::OpenProcess(PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE,
-                                                   FALSE,  // Non-inheritable.
-                                                   parent_process_id));
-  if (parent_process_handle.Get() == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-    DeathTestAbort("Unable to open parent process " +
-                   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
-  }
-
-  // TODO(vladl@google.com): Replace the following check with a
-  // compile-time assertion when available.
-  GTEST_CHECK_(sizeof(HANDLE) <= sizeof(size_t));
-
-  const HANDLE write_handle =
-      reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(write_handle_as_size_t);
-  HANDLE dup_write_handle;
-
-  // The newly initialized handle is accessible only in in the parent
-  // process. To obtain one accessible within the child, we need to use
-  // DuplicateHandle.
-  if (!::DuplicateHandle(parent_process_handle.Get(), write_handle,
-                         ::GetCurrentProcess(), &dup_write_handle,
-                         0x0,    // Requested privileges ignored since
-                                 // DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS is used.
-                         FALSE,  // Request non-inheritable handler.
-                         DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
-    DeathTestAbort("Unable to duplicate the pipe handle " +
-                   StreamableToString(write_handle_as_size_t) +
-                   " from the parent process " +
-                   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
-  }
-
-  const HANDLE event_handle = reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(event_handle_as_size_t);
-  HANDLE dup_event_handle;
-
-  if (!::DuplicateHandle(parent_process_handle.Get(), event_handle,
-                         ::GetCurrentProcess(), &dup_event_handle,
-                         0x0,
-                         FALSE,
-                         DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
-    DeathTestAbort("Unable to duplicate the event handle " +
-                   StreamableToString(event_handle_as_size_t) +
-                   " from the parent process " +
-                   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
-  }
-
-  const int write_fd =
-      ::_open_osfhandle(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(dup_write_handle), O_APPEND);
-  if (write_fd == -1) {
-    DeathTestAbort("Unable to convert pipe handle " +
-                   StreamableToString(write_handle_as_size_t) +
-                   " to a file descriptor");
-  }
-
-  // Signals the parent that the write end of the pipe has been acquired
-  // so the parent can release its own write end.
-  ::SetEvent(dup_event_handle);
-
-  return write_fd;
-}
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-// Returns a newly created InternalRunDeathTestFlag object with fields
-// initialized from the GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) flag if
-// the flag is specified; otherwise returns NULL.
-InternalRunDeathTestFlag* ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() {
-  if (GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) == "") return NULL;
-
-  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have ::std::string, so we
-  // can use it here.
-  int line = -1;
-  int index = -1;
-  ::std::vector< ::std::string> fields;
-  SplitString(GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).c_str(), '|', &fields);
-  int write_fd = -1;
-
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-  unsigned int parent_process_id = 0;
-  size_t write_handle_as_size_t = 0;
-  size_t event_handle_as_size_t = 0;
-
-  if (fields.size() != 6
-      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[1], &line)
-      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[2], &index)
-      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[3], &parent_process_id)
-      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[4], &write_handle_as_size_t)
-      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[5], &event_handle_as_size_t)) {
-    DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: " +
-                   GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test));
-  }
-  write_fd = GetStatusFileDescriptor(parent_process_id,
-                                     write_handle_as_size_t,
-                                     event_handle_as_size_t);
-# else
-
-  if (fields.size() != 4
-      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[1], &line)
-      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[2], &index)
-      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[3], &write_fd)) {
-    DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: "
-        + GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test));
-  }
-
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-  return new InternalRunDeathTestFlag(fields[0], line, index, write_fd);
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-}  // namespace testing
-// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Authors: keith.ray@gmail.com (Keith Ray)
-
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-# include <windows.h>
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-# include <direct.h>
-# include <io.h>
-#elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
-// Symbian OpenC has PATH_MAX in sys/syslimits.h
-# include <sys/syslimits.h>
-#else
-# include <limits.h>
-# include <climits>  // Some Linux distributions define PATH_MAX here.
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-# define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ _MAX_PATH
-#elif defined(PATH_MAX)
-# define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ PATH_MAX
-#elif defined(_XOPEN_PATH_MAX)
-# define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ _XOPEN_PATH_MAX
-#else
-# define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ _POSIX_PATH_MAX
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-
-namespace testing {
-namespace internal {
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-// On Windows, '\\' is the standard path separator, but many tools and the
-// Windows API also accept '/' as an alternate path separator. Unless otherwise
-// noted, a file path can contain either kind of path separators, or a mixture
-// of them.
-const char kPathSeparator = '\\';
-const char kAlternatePathSeparator = '/';
-const char kAlternatePathSeparatorString[] = "/";
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-// Windows CE doesn't have a current directory. You should not use
-// the current directory in tests on Windows CE, but this at least
-// provides a reasonable fallback.
-const char kCurrentDirectoryString[] = "\\";
-// Windows CE doesn't define INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES
-const DWORD kInvalidFileAttributes = 0xffffffff;
-# else
-const char kCurrentDirectoryString[] = ".\\";
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-#else
-const char kPathSeparator = '/';
-const char kCurrentDirectoryString[] = "./";
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-// Returns whether the given character is a valid path separator.
-static bool IsPathSeparator(char c) {
-#if GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_
-  return (c == kPathSeparator) || (c == kAlternatePathSeparator);
-#else
-  return c == kPathSeparator;
-#endif
-}
-
-// Returns the current working directory, or "" if unsuccessful.
-FilePath FilePath::GetCurrentDir() {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-  // Windows CE doesn't have a current directory, so we just return
-  // something reasonable.
-  return FilePath(kCurrentDirectoryString);
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-  char cwd[GTEST_PATH_MAX_ + 1] = { '\0' };
-  return FilePath(_getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) == NULL ? "" : cwd);
-#else
-  char cwd[GTEST_PATH_MAX_ + 1] = { '\0' };
-  return FilePath(getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) == NULL ? "" : cwd);
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-}
-
-// Returns a copy of the FilePath with the case-insensitive extension removed.
-// Example: FilePath("dir/file.exe").RemoveExtension("EXE") returns
-// FilePath("dir/file"). If a case-insensitive extension is not
-// found, returns a copy of the original FilePath.
-FilePath FilePath::RemoveExtension(const char* extension) const {
-  const std::string dot_extension = std::string(".") + extension;
-  if (String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive(pathname_, dot_extension)) {
-    return FilePath(pathname_.substr(
-        0, pathname_.length() - dot_extension.length()));
-  }
-  return *this;
-}
-
-// Returns a pointer to the last occurence of a valid path separator in
-// the FilePath. On Windows, for example, both '/' and '\' are valid path
-// separators. Returns NULL if no path separator was found.
-const char* FilePath::FindLastPathSeparator() const {
-  const char* const last_sep = strrchr(c_str(), kPathSeparator);
-#if GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_
-  const char* const last_alt_sep = strrchr(c_str(), kAlternatePathSeparator);
-  // Comparing two pointers of which only one is NULL is undefined.
-  if (last_alt_sep != NULL &&
-      (last_sep == NULL || last_alt_sep > last_sep)) {
-    return last_alt_sep;
-  }
-#endif
-  return last_sep;
-}
-
-// Returns a copy of the FilePath with the directory part removed.
-// Example: FilePath("path/to/file").RemoveDirectoryName() returns
-// FilePath("file"). If there is no directory part ("just_a_file"), it returns
-// the FilePath unmodified. If there is no file part ("just_a_dir/") it
-// returns an empty FilePath ("").
-// On Windows platform, '\' is the path separator, otherwise it is '/'.
-FilePath FilePath::RemoveDirectoryName() const {
-  const char* const last_sep = FindLastPathSeparator();
-  return last_sep ? FilePath(last_sep + 1) : *this;
-}
-
-// RemoveFileName returns the directory path with the filename removed.
-// Example: FilePath("path/to/file").RemoveFileName() returns "path/to/".
-// If the FilePath is "a_file" or "/a_file", RemoveFileName returns
-// FilePath("./") or, on Windows, FilePath(".\\"). If the filepath does
-// not have a file, like "just/a/dir/", it returns the FilePath unmodified.
-// On Windows platform, '\' is the path separator, otherwise it is '/'.
-FilePath FilePath::RemoveFileName() const {
-  const char* const last_sep = FindLastPathSeparator();
-  std::string dir;
-  if (last_sep) {
-    dir = std::string(c_str(), last_sep + 1 - c_str());
-  } else {
-    dir = kCurrentDirectoryString;
-  }
-  return FilePath(dir);
-}
-
-// Helper functions for naming files in a directory for xml output.
-
-// Given directory = "dir", base_name = "test", number = 0,
-// extension = "xml", returns "dir/test.xml". If number is greater
-// than zero (e.g., 12), returns "dir/test_12.xml".
-// On Windows platform, uses \ as the separator rather than /.
-FilePath FilePath::MakeFileName(const FilePath& directory,
-                                const FilePath& base_name,
-                                int number,
-                                const char* extension) {
-  std::string file;
-  if (number == 0) {
-    file = base_name.string() + "." + extension;
-  } else {
-    file = base_name.string() + "_" + StreamableToString(number)
-        + "." + extension;
-  }
-  return ConcatPaths(directory, FilePath(file));
-}
-
-// Given directory = "dir", relative_path = "test.xml", returns "dir/test.xml".
-// On Windows, uses \ as the separator rather than /.
-FilePath FilePath::ConcatPaths(const FilePath& directory,
-                               const FilePath& relative_path) {
-  if (directory.IsEmpty())
-    return relative_path;
-  const FilePath dir(directory.RemoveTrailingPathSeparator());
-  return FilePath(dir.string() + kPathSeparator + relative_path.string());
-}
-
-// Returns true if pathname describes something findable in the file-system,
-// either a file, directory, or whatever.
-bool FilePath::FileOrDirectoryExists() const {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-  LPCWSTR unicode = String::AnsiToUtf16(pathname_.c_str());
-  const DWORD attributes = GetFileAttributes(unicode);
-  delete [] unicode;
-  return attributes != kInvalidFileAttributes;
-#else
-  posix::StatStruct file_stat;
-  return posix::Stat(pathname_.c_str(), &file_stat) == 0;
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-}
-
-// Returns true if pathname describes a directory in the file-system
-// that exists.
-bool FilePath::DirectoryExists() const {
-  bool result = false;
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-  // Don't strip off trailing separator if path is a root directory on
-  // Windows (like "C:\\").
-  const FilePath& path(IsRootDirectory() ? *this :
-                                           RemoveTrailingPathSeparator());
-#else
-  const FilePath& path(*this);
-#endif
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-  LPCWSTR unicode = String::AnsiToUtf16(path.c_str());
-  const DWORD attributes = GetFileAttributes(unicode);
-  delete [] unicode;
-  if ((attributes != kInvalidFileAttributes) &&
-      (attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)) {
-    result = true;
-  }
-#else
-  posix::StatStruct file_stat;
-  result = posix::Stat(path.c_str(), &file_stat) == 0 &&
-      posix::IsDir(file_stat);
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-
-  return result;
-}
-
-// Returns true if pathname describes a root directory. (Windows has one
-// root directory per disk drive.)
-bool FilePath::IsRootDirectory() const {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-  // TODO(wan@google.com): on Windows a network share like
-  // \\server\share can be a root directory, although it cannot be the
-  // current directory.  Handle this properly.
-  return pathname_.length() == 3 && IsAbsolutePath();
-#else
-  return pathname_.length() == 1 && IsPathSeparator(pathname_.c_str()[0]);
-#endif
-}
-
-// Returns true if pathname describes an absolute path.
-bool FilePath::IsAbsolutePath() const {
-  const char* const name = pathname_.c_str();
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-  return pathname_.length() >= 3 &&
-     ((name[0] >= 'a' && name[0] <= 'z') ||
-      (name[0] >= 'A' && name[0] <= 'Z')) &&
-     name[1] == ':' &&
-     IsPathSeparator(name[2]);
-#else
-  return IsPathSeparator(name[0]);
-#endif
-}
-
-// Returns a pathname for a file that does not currently exist. The pathname
-// will be directory/base_name.extension or
-// directory/base_name_<number>.extension if directory/base_name.extension
-// already exists. The number will be incremented until a pathname is found
-// that does not already exist.
-// Examples: 'dir/foo_test.xml' or 'dir/foo_test_1.xml'.
-// There could be a race condition if two or more processes are calling this
-// function at the same time -- they could both pick the same filename.
-FilePath FilePath::GenerateUniqueFileName(const FilePath& directory,
-                                          const FilePath& base_name,
-                                          const char* extension) {
-  FilePath full_pathname;
-  int number = 0;
-  do {
-    full_pathname.Set(MakeFileName(directory, base_name, number++, extension));
-  } while (full_pathname.FileOrDirectoryExists());
-  return full_pathname;
-}
-
-// Returns true if FilePath ends with a path separator, which indicates that
-// it is intended to represent a directory. Returns false otherwise.
-// This does NOT check that a directory (or file) actually exists.
-bool FilePath::IsDirectory() const {
-  return !pathname_.empty() &&
-         IsPathSeparator(pathname_.c_str()[pathname_.length() - 1]);
-}
-
-// Create directories so that path exists. Returns true if successful or if
-// the directories already exist; returns false if unable to create directories
-// for any reason.
-bool FilePath::CreateDirectoriesRecursively() const {
-  if (!this->IsDirectory()) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (pathname_.length() == 0 || this->DirectoryExists()) {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  const FilePath parent(this->RemoveTrailingPathSeparator().RemoveFileName());
-  return parent.CreateDirectoriesRecursively() && this->CreateFolder();
-}
-
-// Create the directory so that path exists. Returns true if successful or
-// if the directory already exists; returns false if unable to create the
-// directory for any reason, including if the parent directory does not
-// exist. Not named "CreateDirectory" because that's a macro on Windows.
-bool FilePath::CreateFolder() const {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-  FilePath removed_sep(this->RemoveTrailingPathSeparator());
-  LPCWSTR unicode = String::AnsiToUtf16(removed_sep.c_str());
-  int result = CreateDirectory(unicode, NULL) ? 0 : -1;
-  delete [] unicode;
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-  int result = _mkdir(pathname_.c_str());
-#else
-  int result = mkdir(pathname_.c_str(), 0777);
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-
-  if (result == -1) {
-    return this->DirectoryExists();  // An error is OK if the directory exists.
-  }
-  return true;  // No error.
-}
-
-// If input name has a trailing separator character, remove it and return the
-// name, otherwise return the name string unmodified.
-// On Windows platform, uses \ as the separator, other platforms use /.
-FilePath FilePath::RemoveTrailingPathSeparator() const {
-  return IsDirectory()
-      ? FilePath(pathname_.substr(0, pathname_.length() - 1))
-      : *this;
-}
-
-// Removes any redundant separators that might be in the pathname.
-// For example, "bar///foo" becomes "bar/foo". Does not eliminate other
-// redundancies that might be in a pathname involving "." or "..".
-// TODO(wan@google.com): handle Windows network shares (e.g. \\server\share).
-void FilePath::Normalize() {
-  if (pathname_.c_str() == NULL) {
-    pathname_ = "";
-    return;
-  }
-  const char* src = pathname_.c_str();
-  char* const dest = new char[pathname_.length() + 1];
-  char* dest_ptr = dest;
-  memset(dest_ptr, 0, pathname_.length() + 1);
-
-  while (*src != '\0') {
-    *dest_ptr = *src;
-    if (!IsPathSeparator(*src)) {
-      src++;
-    } else {
-#if GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_
-      if (*dest_ptr == kAlternatePathSeparator) {
-        *dest_ptr = kPathSeparator;
-      }
-#endif
-      while (IsPathSeparator(*src))
-        src++;
-    }
-    dest_ptr++;
-  }
-  *dest_ptr = '\0';
-  pathname_ = dest;
-  delete[] dest;
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-}  // namespace testing
-// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-
-
-#include <limits.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-# include <windows.h>
-# include <io.h>
-# include <sys/stat.h>
-# include <map>  // Used in ThreadLocal.
-#else
-# include <unistd.h>
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-#if GTEST_OS_MAC
-# include <mach/mach_init.h>
-# include <mach/task.h>
-# include <mach/vm_map.h>
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
-
-#if GTEST_OS_QNX
-# include <devctl.h>
-# include <fcntl.h>
-# include <sys/procfs.h>
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
-
-
-// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
-// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
-// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
-// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
-// his code.
-#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
-#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
-
-namespace testing {
-namespace internal {
-
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
-// MSVC and C++Builder do not provide a definition of STDERR_FILENO.
-const int kStdOutFileno = 1;
-const int kStdErrFileno = 2;
-#else
-const int kStdOutFileno = STDOUT_FILENO;
-const int kStdErrFileno = STDERR_FILENO;
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
-
-#if GTEST_OS_MAC
-
-// Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
-// we cannot detect it.
-size_t GetThreadCount() {
-  const task_t task = mach_task_self();
-  mach_msg_type_number_t thread_count;
-  thread_act_array_t thread_list;
-  const kern_return_t status = task_threads(task, &thread_list, &thread_count);
-  if (status == KERN_SUCCESS) {
-    // task_threads allocates resources in thread_list and we need to free them
-    // to avoid leaks.
-    vm_deallocate(task,
-                  reinterpret_cast<vm_address_t>(thread_list),
-                  sizeof(thread_t) * thread_count);
-    return static_cast<size_t>(thread_count);
-  } else {
-    return 0;
-  }
-}
-
-#elif GTEST_OS_QNX
-
-// Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
-// we cannot detect it.
-size_t GetThreadCount() {
-  const int fd = open("/proc/self/as", O_RDONLY);
-  if (fd < 0) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-  procfs_info process_info;
-  const int status =
-      devctl(fd, DCMD_PROC_INFO, &process_info, sizeof(process_info), NULL);
-  close(fd);
-  if (status == EOK) {
-    return static_cast<size_t>(process_info.num_threads);
-  } else {
-    return 0;
-  }
-}
-
-#else
-
-size_t GetThreadCount() {
-  // There's no portable way to detect the number of threads, so we just
-  // return 0 to indicate that we cannot detect it.
-  return 0;
-}
-
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
-
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-void SleepMilliseconds(int n) {
-  ::Sleep(n);
-}
-
-AutoHandle::AutoHandle()
-    : handle_(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {}
-
-AutoHandle::AutoHandle(Handle handle)
-    : handle_(handle) {}
-
-AutoHandle::~AutoHandle() {
-  Reset();
-}
-
-AutoHandle::Handle AutoHandle::Get() const {
-  return handle_;
-}
-
-void AutoHandle::Reset() {
-  Reset(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
-}
-
-void AutoHandle::Reset(HANDLE handle) {
-  // Resetting with the same handle we already own is invalid.
-  if (handle_ != handle) {
-    if (IsCloseable()) {
-      ::CloseHandle(handle_);
-    }
-    handle_ = handle;
-  } else {
-    GTEST_CHECK_(!IsCloseable())
-        << "Resetting a valid handle to itself is likely a programmer error "
-            "and thus not allowed.";
-  }
-}
-
-bool AutoHandle::IsCloseable() const {
-  // Different Windows APIs may use either of these values to represent an
-  // invalid handle.
-  return handle_ != NULL && handle_ != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-}
-
-Notification::Notification()
-    : event_(::CreateEvent(NULL,   // Default security attributes.
-                           TRUE,   // Do not reset automatically.
-                           FALSE,  // Initially unset.
-                           NULL)) {  // Anonymous event.
-  GTEST_CHECK_(event_.Get() != NULL);
-}
-
-void Notification::Notify() {
-  GTEST_CHECK_(::SetEvent(event_.Get()) != FALSE);
-}
-
-void Notification::WaitForNotification() {
-  GTEST_CHECK_(
-      ::WaitForSingleObject(event_.Get(), INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0);
-}
-
-Mutex::Mutex()
-    : type_(kDynamic),
-      owner_thread_id_(0),
-      critical_section_init_phase_(0),
-      critical_section_(new CRITICAL_SECTION) {
-  ::InitializeCriticalSection(critical_section_);
-}
-
-Mutex::~Mutex() {
-  // Static mutexes are leaked intentionally. It is not thread-safe to try
-  // to clean them up.
-  // TODO(yukawa): Switch to Slim Reader/Writer (SRW) Locks, which requires
-  // nothing to clean it up but is available only on Vista and later.
-  // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa904937.aspx
-  if (type_ == kDynamic) {
-    ::DeleteCriticalSection(critical_section_);
-    delete critical_section_;
-    critical_section_ = NULL;
-  }
-}
-
-void Mutex::Lock() {
-  ThreadSafeLazyInit();
-  ::EnterCriticalSection(critical_section_);
-  owner_thread_id_ = ::GetCurrentThreadId();
-}
-
-void Mutex::Unlock() {
-  ThreadSafeLazyInit();
-  // We don't protect writing to owner_thread_id_ here, as it's the
-  // caller's responsibility to ensure that the current thread holds the
-  // mutex when this is called.
-  owner_thread_id_ = 0;
-  ::LeaveCriticalSection(critical_section_);
-}
-
-// Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
-// with high probability.
-void Mutex::AssertHeld() {
-  ThreadSafeLazyInit();
-  GTEST_CHECK_(owner_thread_id_ == ::GetCurrentThreadId())
-      << "The current thread is not holding the mutex @" << this;
-}
-
-// Initializes owner_thread_id_ and critical_section_ in static mutexes.
-void Mutex::ThreadSafeLazyInit() {
-  // Dynamic mutexes are initialized in the constructor.
-  if (type_ == kStatic) {
-    switch (
-        ::InterlockedCompareExchange(&critical_section_init_phase_, 1L, 0L)) {
-      case 0:
-        // If critical_section_init_phase_ was 0 before the exchange, we
-        // are the first to test it and need to perform the initialization.
-        owner_thread_id_ = 0;
-        critical_section_ = new CRITICAL_SECTION;
-        ::InitializeCriticalSection(critical_section_);
-        // Updates the critical_section_init_phase_ to 2 to signal
-        // initialization complete.
-        GTEST_CHECK_(::InterlockedCompareExchange(
-                          &critical_section_init_phase_, 2L, 1L) ==
-                      1L);
-        break;
-      case 1:
-        // Somebody else is already initializing the mutex; spin until they
-        // are done.
-        while (::InterlockedCompareExchange(&critical_section_init_phase_,
-                                            2L,
-                                            2L) != 2L) {
-          // Possibly yields the rest of the thread's time slice to other
-          // threads.
-          ::Sleep(0);
-        }
-        break;
-
-      case 2:
-        break;  // The mutex is already initialized and ready for use.
-
-      default:
-        GTEST_CHECK_(false)
-            << "Unexpected value of critical_section_init_phase_ "
-            << "while initializing a static mutex.";
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-namespace {
-
-class ThreadWithParamSupport : public ThreadWithParamBase {
- public:
-  static HANDLE CreateThread(Runnable* runnable,
-                             Notification* thread_can_start) {
-    ThreadMainParam* param = new ThreadMainParam(runnable, thread_can_start);
-    DWORD thread_id;
-    // TODO(yukawa): Consider to use _beginthreadex instead.
-    HANDLE thread_handle = ::CreateThread(
-        NULL,    // Default security.
-        0,       // Default stack size.
-        &ThreadWithParamSupport::ThreadMain,
-        param,   // Parameter to ThreadMainStatic
-        0x0,     // Default creation flags.
-        &thread_id);  // Need a valid pointer for the call to work under Win98.
-    GTEST_CHECK_(thread_handle != NULL) << "CreateThread failed with error "
-                                        << ::GetLastError() << ".";
-    if (thread_handle == NULL) {
-      delete param;
-    }
-    return thread_handle;
-  }
-
- private:
-  struct ThreadMainParam {
-    ThreadMainParam(Runnable* runnable, Notification* thread_can_start)
-        : runnable_(runnable),
-          thread_can_start_(thread_can_start) {
-    }
-    scoped_ptr<Runnable> runnable_;
-    // Does not own.
-    Notification* thread_can_start_;
-  };
-
-  static DWORD WINAPI ThreadMain(void* ptr) {
-    // Transfers ownership.
-    scoped_ptr<ThreadMainParam> param(static_cast<ThreadMainParam*>(ptr));
-    if (param->thread_can_start_ != NULL)
-      param->thread_can_start_->WaitForNotification();
-    param->runnable_->Run();
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  // Prohibit instantiation.
-  ThreadWithParamSupport();
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParamSupport);
-};
-
-}  // namespace
-
-ThreadWithParamBase::ThreadWithParamBase(Runnable *runnable,
-                                         Notification* thread_can_start)
-      : thread_(ThreadWithParamSupport::CreateThread(runnable,
-                                                     thread_can_start)) {
-}
-
-ThreadWithParamBase::~ThreadWithParamBase() {
-  Join();
-}
-
-void ThreadWithParamBase::Join() {
-  GTEST_CHECK_(::WaitForSingleObject(thread_.Get(), INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0)
-      << "Failed to join the thread with error " << ::GetLastError() << ".";
-}
-
-// Maps a thread to a set of ThreadIdToThreadLocals that have values
-// instantiated on that thread and notifies them when the thread exits.  A
-// ThreadLocal instance is expected to persist until all threads it has
-// values on have terminated.
-class ThreadLocalRegistryImpl {
- public:
-  // Registers thread_local_instance as having value on the current thread.
-  // Returns a value that can be used to identify the thread from other threads.
-  static ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* GetValueOnCurrentThread(
-      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
-    DWORD current_thread = ::GetCurrentThreadId();
-    MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
-    ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
-        GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
-    ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator thread_local_pos =
-        thread_to_thread_locals->find(current_thread);
-    if (thread_local_pos == thread_to_thread_locals->end()) {
-      thread_local_pos = thread_to_thread_locals->insert(
-          std::make_pair(current_thread, ThreadLocalValues())).first;
-      StartWatcherThreadFor(current_thread);
-    }
-    ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = thread_local_pos->second;
-    ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
-        thread_local_values.find(thread_local_instance);
-    if (value_pos == thread_local_values.end()) {
-      value_pos =
-          thread_local_values
-              .insert(std::make_pair(
-                  thread_local_instance,
-                  linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase>(
-                      thread_local_instance->NewValueForCurrentThread())))
-              .first;
-    }
-    return value_pos->second.get();
-  }
-
-  static void OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
-      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
-    std::vector<linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > value_holders;
-    // Clean up the ThreadLocalValues data structure while holding the lock, but
-    // defer the destruction of the ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
-    {
-      MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
-      ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
-          GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
-      for (ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator it =
-          thread_to_thread_locals->begin();
-          it != thread_to_thread_locals->end();
-          ++it) {
-        ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = it->second;
-        ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
-            thread_local_values.find(thread_local_instance);
-        if (value_pos != thread_local_values.end()) {
-          value_holders.push_back(value_pos->second);
-          thread_local_values.erase(value_pos);
-          // This 'if' can only be successful at most once, so theoretically we
-          // could break out of the loop here, but we don't bother doing so.
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    // Outside the lock, let the destructor for 'value_holders' deallocate the
-    // ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
-  }
-
-  static void OnThreadExit(DWORD thread_id) {
-    GTEST_CHECK_(thread_id != 0) << ::GetLastError();
-    std::vector<linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > value_holders;
-    // Clean up the ThreadIdToThreadLocals data structure while holding the
-    // lock, but defer the destruction of the ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
-    {
-      MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
-      ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
-          GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
-      ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator thread_local_pos =
-          thread_to_thread_locals->find(thread_id);
-      if (thread_local_pos != thread_to_thread_locals->end()) {
-        ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = thread_local_pos->second;
-        for (ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
-            thread_local_values.begin();
-            value_pos != thread_local_values.end();
-            ++value_pos) {
-          value_holders.push_back(value_pos->second);
-        }
-        thread_to_thread_locals->erase(thread_local_pos);
-      }
-    }
-    // Outside the lock, let the destructor for 'value_holders' deallocate the
-    // ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
-  }
-
- private:
-  // In a particular thread, maps a ThreadLocal object to its value.
-  typedef std::map<const ThreadLocalBase*,
-                   linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > ThreadLocalValues;
-  // Stores all ThreadIdToThreadLocals having values in a thread, indexed by
-  // thread's ID.
-  typedef std::map<DWORD, ThreadLocalValues> ThreadIdToThreadLocals;
-
-  // Holds the thread id and thread handle that we pass from
-  // StartWatcherThreadFor to WatcherThreadFunc.
-  typedef std::pair<DWORD, HANDLE> ThreadIdAndHandle;
-
-  static void StartWatcherThreadFor(DWORD thread_id) {
-    // The returned handle will be kept in thread_map and closed by
-    // watcher_thread in WatcherThreadFunc.
-    HANDLE thread = ::OpenThread(SYNCHRONIZE | THREAD_QUERY_INFORMATION,
-                                 FALSE,
-                                 thread_id);
-    GTEST_CHECK_(thread != NULL);
-    // We need to to pass a valid thread ID pointer into CreateThread for it
-    // to work correctly under Win98.
-    DWORD watcher_thread_id;
-    HANDLE watcher_thread = ::CreateThread(
-        NULL,   // Default security.
-        0,      // Default stack size
-        &ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::WatcherThreadFunc,
-        reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(new ThreadIdAndHandle(thread_id, thread)),
-        CREATE_SUSPENDED,
-        &watcher_thread_id);
-    GTEST_CHECK_(watcher_thread != NULL);
-    // Give the watcher thread the same priority as ours to avoid being
-    // blocked by it.
-    ::SetThreadPriority(watcher_thread,
-                        ::GetThreadPriority(::GetCurrentThread()));
-    ::ResumeThread(watcher_thread);
-    ::CloseHandle(watcher_thread);
-  }
-
-  // Monitors exit from a given thread and notifies those
-  // ThreadIdToThreadLocals about thread termination.
-  static DWORD WINAPI WatcherThreadFunc(LPVOID param) {
-    const ThreadIdAndHandle* tah =
-        reinterpret_cast<const ThreadIdAndHandle*>(param);
-    GTEST_CHECK_(
-        ::WaitForSingleObject(tah->second, INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0);
-    OnThreadExit(tah->first);
-    ::CloseHandle(tah->second);
-    delete tah;
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  // Returns map of thread local instances.
-  static ThreadIdToThreadLocals* GetThreadLocalsMapLocked() {
-    mutex_.AssertHeld();
-    static ThreadIdToThreadLocals* map = new ThreadIdToThreadLocals;
-    return map;
-  }
-
-  // Protects access to GetThreadLocalsMapLocked() and its return value.
-  static Mutex mutex_;
-  // Protects access to GetThreadMapLocked() and its return value.
-  static Mutex thread_map_mutex_;
-};
-
-Mutex ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::mutex_(Mutex::kStaticMutex);
-Mutex ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::thread_map_mutex_(Mutex::kStaticMutex);
-
-ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* ThreadLocalRegistry::GetValueOnCurrentThread(
-      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
-  return ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::GetValueOnCurrentThread(
-      thread_local_instance);
-}
-
-void ThreadLocalRegistry::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
-      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
-  ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(thread_local_instance);
-}
-
-#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-#if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
-
-// Implements RE.  Currently only needed for death tests.
-
-RE::~RE() {
-  if (is_valid_) {
-    // regfree'ing an invalid regex might crash because the content
-    // of the regex is undefined. Since the regex's are essentially
-    // the same, one cannot be valid (or invalid) without the other
-    // being so too.
-    regfree(&partial_regex_);
-    regfree(&full_regex_);
-  }
-  free(const_cast<char*>(pattern_));
-}
-
-// Returns true iff regular expression re matches the entire str.
-bool RE::FullMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
-  if (!re.is_valid_) return false;
-
-  regmatch_t match;
-  return regexec(&re.full_regex_, str, 1, &match, 0) == 0;
-}
-
-// Returns true iff regular expression re matches a substring of str
-// (including str itself).
-bool RE::PartialMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
-  if (!re.is_valid_) return false;
-
-  regmatch_t match;
-  return regexec(&re.partial_regex_, str, 1, &match, 0) == 0;
-}
-
-// Initializes an RE from its string representation.
-void RE::Init(const char* regex) {
-  pattern_ = posix::StrDup(regex);
-
-  // Reserves enough bytes to hold the regular expression used for a
-  // full match.
-  const size_t full_regex_len = strlen(regex) + 10;
-  char* const full_pattern = new char[full_regex_len];
-
-  snprintf(full_pattern, full_regex_len, "^(%s)$", regex);
-  is_valid_ = regcomp(&full_regex_, full_pattern, REG_EXTENDED) == 0;
-  // We want to call regcomp(&partial_regex_, ...) even if the
-  // previous expression returns false.  Otherwise partial_regex_ may
-  // not be properly initialized can may cause trouble when it's
-  // freed.
-  //
-  // Some implementation of POSIX regex (e.g. on at least some
-  // versions of Cygwin) doesn't accept the empty string as a valid
-  // regex.  We change it to an equivalent form "()" to be safe.
-  if (is_valid_) {
-    const char* const partial_regex = (*regex == '\0') ? "()" : regex;
-    is_valid_ = regcomp(&partial_regex_, partial_regex, REG_EXTENDED) == 0;
-  }
-  EXPECT_TRUE(is_valid_)
-      << "Regular expression \"" << regex
-      << "\" is not a valid POSIX Extended regular expression.";
-
-  delete[] full_pattern;
-}
-
-#elif GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
-
-// Returns true iff ch appears anywhere in str (excluding the
-// terminating '\0' character).
-bool IsInSet(char ch, const char* str) {
-  return ch != '\0' && strchr(str, ch) != NULL;
-}
-
-// Returns true iff ch belongs to the given classification.  Unlike
-// similar functions in <ctype.h>, these aren't affected by the
-// current locale.
-bool IsAsciiDigit(char ch) { return '0' <= ch && ch <= '9'; }
-bool IsAsciiPunct(char ch) {
-  return IsInSet(ch, "^-!\"#$%&'()*+,./:;<=>?@[\\]_`{|}~");
-}
-bool IsRepeat(char ch) { return IsInSet(ch, "?*+"); }
-bool IsAsciiWhiteSpace(char ch) { return IsInSet(ch, " \f\n\r\t\v"); }
-bool IsAsciiWordChar(char ch) {
-  return ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') || ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z') ||
-      ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') || ch == '_';
-}
-
-// Returns true iff "\\c" is a supported escape sequence.
-bool IsValidEscape(char c) {
-  return (IsAsciiPunct(c) || IsInSet(c, "dDfnrsStvwW"));
-}
-
-// Returns true iff the given atom (specified by escaped and pattern)
-// matches ch.  The result is undefined if the atom is invalid.
-bool AtomMatchesChar(bool escaped, char pattern_char, char ch) {
-  if (escaped) {  // "\\p" where p is pattern_char.
-    switch (pattern_char) {
-      case 'd': return IsAsciiDigit(ch);
-      case 'D': return !IsAsciiDigit(ch);
-      case 'f': return ch == '\f';
-      case 'n': return ch == '\n';
-      case 'r': return ch == '\r';
-      case 's': return IsAsciiWhiteSpace(ch);
-      case 'S': return !IsAsciiWhiteSpace(ch);
-      case 't': return ch == '\t';
-      case 'v': return ch == '\v';
-      case 'w': return IsAsciiWordChar(ch);
-      case 'W': return !IsAsciiWordChar(ch);
-    }
-    return IsAsciiPunct(pattern_char) && pattern_char == ch;
-  }
-
-  return (pattern_char == '.' && ch != '\n') || pattern_char == ch;
-}
-
-// Helper function used by ValidateRegex() to format error messages.
-std::string FormatRegexSyntaxError(const char* regex, int index) {
-  return (Message() << "Syntax error at index " << index
-          << " in simple regular expression \"" << regex << "\": ").GetString();
-}
-
-// Generates non-fatal failures and returns false if regex is invalid;
-// otherwise returns true.
-bool ValidateRegex(const char* regex) {
-  if (regex == NULL) {
-    // TODO(wan@google.com): fix the source file location in the
-    // assertion failures to match where the regex is used in user
-    // code.
-    ADD_FAILURE() << "NULL is not a valid simple regular expression.";
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  bool is_valid = true;
-
-  // True iff ?, *, or + can follow the previous atom.
-  bool prev_repeatable = false;
-  for (int i = 0; regex[i]; i++) {
-    if (regex[i] == '\\') {  // An escape sequence
-      i++;
-      if (regex[i] == '\0') {
-        ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i - 1)
-                      << "'\\' cannot appear at the end.";
-        return false;
-      }
-
-      if (!IsValidEscape(regex[i])) {
-        ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i - 1)
-                      << "invalid escape sequence \"\\" << regex[i] << "\".";
-        is_valid = false;
-      }
-      prev_repeatable = true;
-    } else {  // Not an escape sequence.
-      const char ch = regex[i];
-
-      if (ch == '^' && i > 0) {
-        ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
-                      << "'^' can only appear at the beginning.";
-        is_valid = false;
-      } else if (ch == '$' && regex[i + 1] != '\0') {
-        ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
-                      << "'$' can only appear at the end.";
-        is_valid = false;
-      } else if (IsInSet(ch, "()[]{}|")) {
-        ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
-                      << "'" << ch << "' is unsupported.";
-        is_valid = false;
-      } else if (IsRepeat(ch) && !prev_repeatable) {
-        ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
-                      << "'" << ch << "' can only follow a repeatable token.";
-        is_valid = false;
-      }
-
-      prev_repeatable = !IsInSet(ch, "^$?*+");
-    }
-  }
-
-  return is_valid;
-}
-
-// Matches a repeated regex atom followed by a valid simple regular
-// expression.  The regex atom is defined as c if escaped is false,
-// or \c otherwise.  repeat is the repetition meta character (?, *,
-// or +).  The behavior is undefined if str contains too many
-// characters to be indexable by size_t, in which case the test will
-// probably time out anyway.  We are fine with this limitation as
-// std::string has it too.
-bool MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(
-    bool escaped, char c, char repeat, const char* regex,
-    const char* str) {
-  const size_t min_count = (repeat == '+') ? 1 : 0;
-  const size_t max_count = (repeat == '?') ? 1 :
-      static_cast<size_t>(-1) - 1;
-  // We cannot call numeric_limits::max() as it conflicts with the
-  // max() macro on Windows.
-
-  for (size_t i = 0; i <= max_count; ++i) {
-    // We know that the atom matches each of the first i characters in str.
-    if (i >= min_count && MatchRegexAtHead(regex, str + i)) {
-      // We have enough matches at the head, and the tail matches too.
-      // Since we only care about *whether* the pattern matches str
-      // (as opposed to *how* it matches), there is no need to find a
-      // greedy match.
-      return true;
-    }
-    if (str[i] == '\0' || !AtomMatchesChar(escaped, c, str[i]))
-      return false;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-// Returns true iff regex matches a prefix of str.  regex must be a
-// valid simple regular expression and not start with "^", or the
-// result is undefined.
-bool MatchRegexAtHead(const char* regex, const char* str) {
-  if (*regex == '\0')  // An empty regex matches a prefix of anything.
-    return true;
-
-  // "$" only matches the end of a string.  Note that regex being
-  // valid guarantees that there's nothing after "$" in it.
-  if (*regex == '$')
-    return *str == '\0';
-
-  // Is the first thing in regex an escape sequence?
-  const bool escaped = *regex == '\\';
-  if (escaped)
-    ++regex;
-  if (IsRepeat(regex[1])) {
-    // MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead() calls MatchRegexAtHead(), so
-    // here's an indirect recursion.  It terminates as the regex gets
-    // shorter in each recursion.
-    return MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(
-        escaped, regex[0], regex[1], regex + 2, str);
-  } else {
-    // regex isn't empty, isn't "$", and doesn't start with a
-    // repetition.  We match the first atom of regex with the first
-    // character of str and recurse.
-    return (*str != '\0') && AtomMatchesChar(escaped, *regex, *str) &&
-        MatchRegexAtHead(regex + 1, str + 1);
-  }
-}
-
-// Returns true iff regex matches any substring of str.  regex must be
-// a valid simple regular expression, or the result is undefined.
-//
-// The algorithm is recursive, but the recursion depth doesn't exceed
-// the regex length, so we won't need to worry about running out of
-// stack space normally.  In rare cases the time complexity can be
-// exponential with respect to the regex length + the string length,
-// but usually it's must faster (often close to linear).
-bool MatchRegexAnywhere(const char* regex, const char* str) {
-  if (regex == NULL || str == NULL)
-    return false;
-
-  if (*regex == '^')
-    return MatchRegexAtHead(regex + 1, str);
-
-  // A successful match can be anywhere in str.
-  do {
-    if (MatchRegexAtHead(regex, str))
-      return true;
-  } while (*str++ != '\0');
-  return false;
-}
-
-// Implements the RE class.
-
-RE::~RE() {
-  free(const_cast<char*>(pattern_));
-  free(const_cast<char*>(full_pattern_));
-}
-
-// Returns true iff regular expression re matches the entire str.
-bool RE::FullMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
-  return re.is_valid_ && MatchRegexAnywhere(re.full_pattern_, str);
-}
-
-// Returns true iff regular expression re matches a substring of str
-// (including str itself).
-bool RE::PartialMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
-  return re.is_valid_ && MatchRegexAnywhere(re.pattern_, str);
-}
-
-// Initializes an RE from its string representation.
-void RE::Init(const char* regex) {
-  pattern_ = full_pattern_ = NULL;
-  if (regex != NULL) {
-    pattern_ = posix::StrDup(regex);
-  }
-
-  is_valid_ = ValidateRegex(regex);
-  if (!is_valid_) {
-    // No need to calculate the full pattern when the regex is invalid.
-    return;
-  }
-
-  const size_t len = strlen(regex);
-  // Reserves enough bytes to hold the regular expression used for a
-  // full match: we need space to prepend a '^', append a '$', and
-  // terminate the string with '\0'.
-  char* buffer = static_cast<char*>(malloc(len + 3));
-  full_pattern_ = buffer;
-
-  if (*regex != '^')
-    *buffer++ = '^';  // Makes sure full_pattern_ starts with '^'.
-
-  // We don't use snprintf or strncpy, as they trigger a warning when
-  // compiled with VC++ 8.0.
-  memcpy(buffer, regex, len);
-  buffer += len;
-
-  if (len == 0 || regex[len - 1] != '$')
-    *buffer++ = '$';  // Makes sure full_pattern_ ends with '$'.
-
-  *buffer = '\0';
-}
-
-#endif  // GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
-
-const char kUnknownFile[] = "unknown file";
-
-// Formats a source file path and a line number as they would appear
-// in an error message from the compiler used to compile this code.
-GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatFileLocation(const char* file, int line) {
-  const std::string file_name(file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file);
-
-  if (line < 0) {
-    return file_name + ":";
-  }
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-  return file_name + "(" + StreamableToString(line) + "):";
-#else
-  return file_name + ":" + StreamableToString(line) + ":";
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
-}
-
-// Formats a file location for compiler-independent XML output.
-// Although this function is not platform dependent, we put it next to
-// FormatFileLocation in order to contrast the two functions.
-// Note that FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation() does NOT append colon
-// to the file location it produces, unlike FormatFileLocation().
-GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(
-    const char* file, int line) {
-  const std::string file_name(file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file);
-
-  if (line < 0)
-    return file_name;
-  else
-    return file_name + ":" + StreamableToString(line);
-}
-
-
-GTestLog::GTestLog(GTestLogSeverity severity, const char* file, int line)
-    : severity_(severity) {
-  const char* const marker =
-      severity == GTEST_INFO ?    "[  INFO ]" :
-      severity == GTEST_WARNING ? "[WARNING]" :
-      severity == GTEST_ERROR ?   "[ ERROR ]" : "[ FATAL ]";
-  GetStream() << ::std::endl << marker << " "
-              << FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str() << ": ";
-}
-
-// Flushes the buffers and, if severity is GTEST_FATAL, aborts the program.
-GTestLog::~GTestLog() {
-  GetStream() << ::std::endl;
-  if (severity_ == GTEST_FATAL) {
-    fflush(stderr);
-    posix::Abort();
-  }
-}
-// Disable Microsoft deprecation warnings for POSIX functions called from
-// this class (creat, dup, dup2, and close)
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)
-# pragma warning(disable: 4996)
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
-
-// Object that captures an output stream (stdout/stderr).
-class CapturedStream {
- public:
-  // The ctor redirects the stream to a temporary file.
-  explicit CapturedStream(int fd) : fd_(fd), uncaptured_fd_(dup(fd)) {
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-    char temp_dir_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' };  // NOLINT
-    char temp_file_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' };  // NOLINT
-
-    ::GetTempPathA(sizeof(temp_dir_path), temp_dir_path);
-    const UINT success = ::GetTempFileNameA(temp_dir_path,
-                                            "gtest_redir",
-                                            0,  // Generate unique file name.
-                                            temp_file_path);
-    GTEST_CHECK_(success != 0)
-        << "Unable to create a temporary file in " << temp_dir_path;
-    const int captured_fd = creat(temp_file_path, _S_IREAD | _S_IWRITE);
-    GTEST_CHECK_(captured_fd != -1) << "Unable to open temporary file "
-                                    << temp_file_path;
-    filename_ = temp_file_path;
-# else
-    // There's no guarantee that a test has write access to the current
-    // directory, so we create the temporary file in the /tmp directory
-    // instead. We use /tmp on most systems, and /sdcard on Android.
-    // That's because Android doesn't have /tmp.
-#  if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
-    // Note: Android applications are expected to call the framework's
-    // Context.getExternalStorageDirectory() method through JNI to get
-    // the location of the world-writable SD Card directory. However,
-    // this requires a Context handle, which cannot be retrieved
-    // globally from native code. Doing so also precludes running the
-    // code as part of a regular standalone executable, which doesn't
-    // run in a Dalvik process (e.g. when running it through 'adb shell').
-    //
-    // The location /sdcard is directly accessible from native code
-    // and is the only location (unofficially) supported by the Android
-    // team. It's generally a symlink to the real SD Card mount point
-    // which can be /mnt/sdcard, /mnt/sdcard0, /system/media/sdcard, or
-    // other OEM-customized locations. Never rely on these, and always
-    // use /sdcard.
-    char name_template[] = "/sdcard/gtest_captured_stream.XXXXXX";
-#  else
-    char name_template[] = "/tmp/captured_stream.XXXXXX";
-#  endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
-    const int captured_fd = mkstemp(name_template);
-    filename_ = name_template;
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-    fflush(NULL);
-    dup2(captured_fd, fd_);
-    close(captured_fd);
-  }
-
-  ~CapturedStream() {
-    remove(filename_.c_str());
-  }
-
-  std::string GetCapturedString() {
-    if (uncaptured_fd_ != -1) {
-      // Restores the original stream.
-      fflush(NULL);
-      dup2(uncaptured_fd_, fd_);
-      close(uncaptured_fd_);
-      uncaptured_fd_ = -1;
-    }
-
-    FILE* const file = posix::FOpen(filename_.c_str(), "r");
-    const std::string content = ReadEntireFile(file);
-    posix::FClose(file);
-    return content;
-  }
-
- private:
-  // Reads the entire content of a file as an std::string.
-  static std::string ReadEntireFile(FILE* file);
-
-  // Returns the size (in bytes) of a file.
-  static size_t GetFileSize(FILE* file);
-
-  const int fd_;  // A stream to capture.
-  int uncaptured_fd_;
-  // Name of the temporary file holding the stderr output.
-  ::std::string filename_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(CapturedStream);
-};
-
-// Returns the size (in bytes) of a file.
-size_t CapturedStream::GetFileSize(FILE* file) {
-  fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
-  return static_cast<size_t>(ftell(file));
-}
-
-// Reads the entire content of a file as a string.
-std::string CapturedStream::ReadEntireFile(FILE* file) {
-  const size_t file_size = GetFileSize(file);
-  char* const buffer = new char[file_size];
-
-  size_t bytes_last_read = 0;  // # of bytes read in the last fread()
-  size_t bytes_read = 0;       // # of bytes read so far
-
-  fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);
-
-  // Keeps reading the file until we cannot read further or the
-  // pre-determined file size is reached.
-  do {
-    bytes_last_read = fread(buffer+bytes_read, 1, file_size-bytes_read, file);
-    bytes_read += bytes_last_read;
-  } while (bytes_last_read > 0 && bytes_read < file_size);
-
-  const std::string content(buffer, bytes_read);
-  delete[] buffer;
-
-  return content;
-}
-
-# ifdef _MSC_VER
-#  pragma warning(pop)
-# endif  // _MSC_VER
-
-static CapturedStream* g_captured_stderr = NULL;
-static CapturedStream* g_captured_stdout = NULL;
-
-// Starts capturing an output stream (stdout/stderr).
-void CaptureStream(int fd, const char* stream_name, CapturedStream** stream) {
-  if (*stream != NULL) {
-    GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Only one " << stream_name
-                      << " capturer can exist at a time.";
-  }
-  *stream = new CapturedStream(fd);
-}
-
-// Stops capturing the output stream and returns the captured string.
-std::string GetCapturedStream(CapturedStream** captured_stream) {
-  const std::string content = (*captured_stream)->GetCapturedString();
-
-  delete *captured_stream;
-  *captured_stream = NULL;
-
-  return content;
-}
-
-// Starts capturing stdout.
-void CaptureStdout() {
-  CaptureStream(kStdOutFileno, "stdout", &g_captured_stdout);
-}
-
-// Starts capturing stderr.
-void CaptureStderr() {
-  CaptureStream(kStdErrFileno, "stderr", &g_captured_stderr);
-}
-
-// Stops capturing stdout and returns the captured string.
-std::string GetCapturedStdout() {
-  return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stdout);
-}
-
-// Stops capturing stderr and returns the captured string.
-std::string GetCapturedStderr() {
-  return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stderr);
-}
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-// A copy of all command line arguments.  Set by InitGoogleTest().
-::std::vector<testing::internal::string> g_argvs;
-
-static const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>* g_injected_test_argvs =
-                                        NULL;  // Owned.
-
-void SetInjectableArgvs(const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>* argvs) {
-  if (g_injected_test_argvs != argvs)
-    delete g_injected_test_argvs;
-  g_injected_test_argvs = argvs;
-}
-
-const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetInjectableArgvs() {
-  if (g_injected_test_argvs != NULL) {
-    return *g_injected_test_argvs;
-  }
-  return g_argvs;
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-namespace posix {
-void Abort() {
-  DebugBreak();
-  TerminateProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), 1);
-}
-}  // namespace posix
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-
-// Returns the name of the environment variable corresponding to the
-// given flag.  For example, FlagToEnvVar("foo") will return
-// "GTEST_FOO" in the open-source version.
-static std::string FlagToEnvVar(const char* flag) {
-  const std::string full_flag =
-      (Message() << GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ << flag).GetString();
-
-  Message env_var;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i != full_flag.length(); i++) {
-    env_var << ToUpper(full_flag.c_str()[i]);
-  }
-
-  return env_var.GetString();
-}
-
-// Parses 'str' for a 32-bit signed integer.  If successful, writes
-// the result to *value and returns true; otherwise leaves *value
-// unchanged and returns false.
-bool ParseInt32(const Message& src_text, const char* str, Int32* value) {
-  // Parses the environment variable as a decimal integer.
-  char* end = NULL;
-  const long long_value = strtol(str, &end, 10);  // NOLINT
-
-  // Has strtol() consumed all characters in the string?
-  if (*end != '\0') {
-    // No - an invalid character was encountered.
-    Message msg;
-    msg << "WARNING: " << src_text
-        << " is expected to be a 32-bit integer, but actually"
-        << " has value \"" << str << "\".\n";
-    printf("%s", msg.GetString().c_str());
-    fflush(stdout);
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Is the parsed value in the range of an Int32?
-  const Int32 result = static_cast<Int32>(long_value);
-  if (long_value == LONG_MAX || long_value == LONG_MIN ||
-      // The parsed value overflows as a long.  (strtol() returns
-      // LONG_MAX or LONG_MIN when the input overflows.)
-      result != long_value
-      // The parsed value overflows as an Int32.
-      ) {
-    Message msg;
-    msg << "WARNING: " << src_text
-        << " is expected to be a 32-bit integer, but actually"
-        << " has value " << str << ", which overflows.\n";
-    printf("%s", msg.GetString().c_str());
-    fflush(stdout);
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  *value = result;
-  return true;
-}
-
-// Reads and returns the Boolean environment variable corresponding to
-// the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
-//
-// The value is considered true iff it's not "0".
-bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_value) {
-  const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
-  const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
-  return string_value == NULL ?
-      default_value : strcmp(string_value, "0") != 0;
-}
-
-// Reads and returns a 32-bit integer stored in the environment
-// variable corresponding to the given flag; if it isn't set or
-// doesn't represent a valid 32-bit integer, returns default_value.
-Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_value) {
-  const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
-  const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
-  if (string_value == NULL) {
-    // The environment variable is not set.
-    return default_value;
-  }
-
-  Int32 result = default_value;
-  if (!ParseInt32(Message() << "Environment variable " << env_var,
-                  string_value, &result)) {
-    printf("The default value %s is used.\n",
-           (Message() << default_value).GetString().c_str());
-    fflush(stdout);
-    return default_value;
-  }
-
-  return result;
-}
-
-// Reads and returns the string environment variable corresponding to
-// the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
-const char* StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_value) {
-  const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
-  const char* const value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
-  return value == NULL ? default_value : value;
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-}  // namespace testing
-// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-
-// Google Test - The Google C++ Testing Framework
-//
-// This file implements a universal value printer that can print a
-// value of any type T:
-//
-//   void ::testing::internal::UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, ostream_ptr);
-//
-// It uses the << operator when possible, and prints the bytes in the
-// object otherwise.  A user can override its behavior for a class
-// type Foo by defining either operator<<(::std::ostream&, const Foo&)
-// or void PrintTo(const Foo&, ::std::ostream*) in the namespace that
-// defines Foo.
-
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <cwchar>
-#include <ostream>  // NOLINT
-#include <string>
-
-namespace testing {
-
-namespace {
-
-using ::std::ostream;
-
-// Prints a segment of bytes in the given object.
-GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
-GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
-GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
-void PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t start,
-                                size_t count, ostream* os) {
-  char text[5] = "";
-  for (size_t i = 0; i != count; i++) {
-    const size_t j = start + i;
-    if (i != 0) {
-      // Organizes the bytes into groups of 2 for easy parsing by
-      // human.
-      if ((j % 2) == 0)
-        *os << ' ';
-      else
-        *os << '-';
-    }
-    GTEST_SNPRINTF_(text, sizeof(text), "%02X", obj_bytes[j]);
-    *os << text;
-  }
-}
-
-// Prints the bytes in the given value to the given ostream.
-void PrintBytesInObjectToImpl(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t count,
-                              ostream* os) {
-  // Tells the user how big the object is.
-  *os << count << "-byte object <";
-
-  const size_t kThreshold = 132;
-  const size_t kChunkSize = 64;
-  // If the object size is bigger than kThreshold, we'll have to omit
-  // some details by printing only the first and the last kChunkSize
-  // bytes.
-  // TODO(wan): let the user control the threshold using a flag.
-  if (count < kThreshold) {
-    PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes, 0, count, os);
-  } else {
-    PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes, 0, kChunkSize, os);
-    *os << " ... ";
-    // Rounds up to 2-byte boundary.
-    const size_t resume_pos = (count - kChunkSize + 1)/2*2;
-    PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes, resume_pos, count - resume_pos, os);
-  }
-  *os << ">";
-}
-
-}  // namespace
-
-namespace internal2 {
-
-// Delegates to PrintBytesInObjectToImpl() to print the bytes in the
-// given object.  The delegation simplifies the implementation, which
-// uses the << operator and thus is easier done outside of the
-// ::testing::internal namespace, which contains a << operator that
-// sometimes conflicts with the one in STL.
-void PrintBytesInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t count,
-                          ostream* os) {
-  PrintBytesInObjectToImpl(obj_bytes, count, os);
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal2
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// Depending on the value of a char (or wchar_t), we print it in one
-// of three formats:
-//   - as is if it's a printable ASCII (e.g. 'a', '2', ' '),
-//   - as a hexidecimal escape sequence (e.g. '\x7F'), or
-//   - as a special escape sequence (e.g. '\r', '\n').
-enum CharFormat {
-  kAsIs,
-  kHexEscape,
-  kSpecialEscape
-};
-
-// Returns true if c is a printable ASCII character.  We test the
-// value of c directly instead of calling isprint(), which is buggy on
-// Windows Mobile.
-inline bool IsPrintableAscii(wchar_t c) {
-  return 0x20 <= c && c <= 0x7E;
-}
-
-// Prints a wide or narrow char c as a character literal without the
-// quotes, escaping it when necessary; returns how c was formatted.
-// The template argument UnsignedChar is the unsigned version of Char,
-// which is the type of c.
-template <typename UnsignedChar, typename Char>
-static CharFormat PrintAsCharLiteralTo(Char c, ostream* os) {
-  switch (static_cast<wchar_t>(c)) {
-    case L'\0':
-      *os << "\\0";
-      break;
-    case L'\'':
-      *os << "\\'";
-      break;
-    case L'\\':
-      *os << "\\\\";
-      break;
-    case L'\a':
-      *os << "\\a";
-      break;
-    case L'\b':
-      *os << "\\b";
-      break;
-    case L'\f':
-      *os << "\\f";
-      break;
-    case L'\n':
-      *os << "\\n";
-      break;
-    case L'\r':
-      *os << "\\r";
-      break;
-    case L'\t':
-      *os << "\\t";
-      break;
-    case L'\v':
-      *os << "\\v";
-      break;
-    default:
-      if (IsPrintableAscii(c)) {
-        *os << static_cast<char>(c);
-        return kAsIs;
-      } else {
-        *os << "\\x" + String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c));
-        return kHexEscape;
-      }
-  }
-  return kSpecialEscape;
-}
-
-// Prints a wchar_t c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
-// necessary; returns how c was formatted.
-static CharFormat PrintAsStringLiteralTo(wchar_t c, ostream* os) {
-  switch (c) {
-    case L'\'':
-      *os << "'";
-      return kAsIs;
-    case L'"':
-      *os << "\\\"";
-      return kSpecialEscape;
-    default:
-      return PrintAsCharLiteralTo<wchar_t>(c, os);
-  }
-}
-
-// Prints a char c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
-// necessary; returns how c was formatted.
-static CharFormat PrintAsStringLiteralTo(char c, ostream* os) {
-  return PrintAsStringLiteralTo(
-      static_cast<wchar_t>(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)), os);
-}
-
-// Prints a wide or narrow character c and its code.  '\0' is printed
-// as "'\\0'", other unprintable characters are also properly escaped
-// using the standard C++ escape sequence.  The template argument
-// UnsignedChar is the unsigned version of Char, which is the type of c.
-template <typename UnsignedChar, typename Char>
-void PrintCharAndCodeTo(Char c, ostream* os) {
-  // First, print c as a literal in the most readable form we can find.
-  *os << ((sizeof(c) > 1) ? "L'" : "'");
-  const CharFormat format = PrintAsCharLiteralTo<UnsignedChar>(c, os);
-  *os << "'";
-
-  // To aid user debugging, we also print c's code in decimal, unless
-  // it's 0 (in which case c was printed as '\\0', making the code
-  // obvious).
-  if (c == 0)
-    return;
-  *os << " (" << static_cast<int>(c);
-
-  // For more convenience, we print c's code again in hexidecimal,
-  // unless c was already printed in the form '\x##' or the code is in
-  // [1, 9].
-  if (format == kHexEscape || (1 <= c && c <= 9)) {
-    // Do nothing.
-  } else {
-    *os << ", 0x" << String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c));
-  }
-  *os << ")";
-}
-
-void PrintTo(unsigned char c, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintCharAndCodeTo<unsigned char>(c, os);
-}
-void PrintTo(signed char c, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintCharAndCodeTo<unsigned char>(c, os);
-}
-
-// Prints a wchar_t as a symbol if it is printable or as its internal
-// code otherwise and also as its code.  L'\0' is printed as "L'\\0'".
-void PrintTo(wchar_t wc, ostream* os) {
-  PrintCharAndCodeTo<wchar_t>(wc, os);
-}
-
-// Prints the given array of characters to the ostream.  CharType must be either
-// char or wchar_t.
-// The array starts at begin, the length is len, it may include '\0' characters
-// and may not be NUL-terminated.
-template <typename CharType>
-GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
-GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
-GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
-static void PrintCharsAsStringTo(
-    const CharType* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
-  const char* const kQuoteBegin = sizeof(CharType) == 1 ? "\"" : "L\"";
-  *os << kQuoteBegin;
-  bool is_previous_hex = false;
-  for (size_t index = 0; index < len; ++index) {
-    const CharType cur = begin[index];
-    if (is_previous_hex && IsXDigit(cur)) {
-      // Previous character is of '\x..' form and this character can be
-      // interpreted as another hexadecimal digit in its number. Break string to
-      // disambiguate.
-      *os << "\" " << kQuoteBegin;
-    }
-    is_previous_hex = PrintAsStringLiteralTo(cur, os) == kHexEscape;
-  }
-  *os << "\"";
-}
-
-// Prints a (const) char/wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address
-// 'begin'.  CharType must be either char or wchar_t.
-template <typename CharType>
-GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
-GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
-GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
-static void UniversalPrintCharArray(
-    const CharType* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
-  // The code
-  //   const char kFoo[] = "foo";
-  // generates an array of 4, not 3, elements, with the last one being '\0'.
-  //
-  // Therefore when printing a char array, we don't print the last element if
-  // it's '\0', such that the output matches the string literal as it's
-  // written in the source code.
-  if (len > 0 && begin[len - 1] == '\0') {
-    PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len - 1, os);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // If, however, the last element in the array is not '\0', e.g.
-  //    const char kFoo[] = { 'f', 'o', 'o' };
-  // we must print the entire array.  We also print a message to indicate
-  // that the array is not NUL-terminated.
-  PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len, os);
-  *os << " (no terminating NUL)";
-}
-
-// Prints a (const) char array of 'len' elements, starting at address 'begin'.
-void UniversalPrintArray(const char* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
-  UniversalPrintCharArray(begin, len, os);
-}
-
-// Prints a (const) wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address
-// 'begin'.
-void UniversalPrintArray(const wchar_t* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
-  UniversalPrintCharArray(begin, len, os);
-}
-
-// Prints the given C string to the ostream.
-void PrintTo(const char* s, ostream* os) {
-  if (s == NULL) {
-    *os << "NULL";
-  } else {
-    *os << ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s) << " pointing to ";
-    PrintCharsAsStringTo(s, strlen(s), os);
-  }
-}
-
-// MSVC compiler can be configured to define whar_t as a typedef
-// of unsigned short. Defining an overload for const wchar_t* in that case
-// would cause pointers to unsigned shorts be printed as wide strings,
-// possibly accessing more memory than intended and causing invalid
-// memory accesses. MSVC defines _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED symbol when
-// wchar_t is implemented as a native type.
-#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED)
-// Prints the given wide C string to the ostream.
-void PrintTo(const wchar_t* s, ostream* os) {
-  if (s == NULL) {
-    *os << "NULL";
-  } else {
-    *os << ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s) << " pointing to ";
-    PrintCharsAsStringTo(s, std::wcslen(s), os);
-  }
-}
-#endif  // wchar_t is native
-
-// Prints a ::string object.
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-void PrintStringTo(const ::string& s, ostream* os) {
-  PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-
-void PrintStringTo(const ::std::string& s, ostream* os) {
-  PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
-}
-
-// Prints a ::wstring object.
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-void PrintWideStringTo(const ::wstring& s, ostream* os) {
-  PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-void PrintWideStringTo(const ::std::wstring& s, ostream* os) {
-  PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-}  // namespace testing
-// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: mheule@google.com (Markus Heule)
-//
-// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
-
-
-// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
-// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
-// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
-// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
-// his code.
-#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
-#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
-
-namespace testing {
-
-using internal::GetUnitTestImpl;
-
-// Gets the summary of the failure message by omitting the stack trace
-// in it.
-std::string TestPartResult::ExtractSummary(const char* message) {
-  const char* const stack_trace = strstr(message, internal::kStackTraceMarker);
-  return stack_trace == NULL ? message :
-      std::string(message, stack_trace);
-}
-
-// Prints a TestPartResult object.
-std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const TestPartResult& result) {
-  return os
-      << result.file_name() << ":" << result.line_number() << ": "
-      << (result.type() == TestPartResult::kSuccess ? "Success" :
-          result.type() == TestPartResult::kFatalFailure ? "Fatal failure" :
-          "Non-fatal failure") << ":\n"
-      << result.message() << std::endl;
-}
-
-// Appends a TestPartResult to the array.
-void TestPartResultArray::Append(const TestPartResult& result) {
-  array_.push_back(result);
-}
-
-// Returns the TestPartResult at the given index (0-based).
-const TestPartResult& TestPartResultArray::GetTestPartResult(int index) const {
-  if (index < 0 || index >= size()) {
-    printf("\nInvalid index (%d) into TestPartResultArray.\n", index);
-    internal::posix::Abort();
-  }
-
-  return array_[index];
-}
-
-// Returns the number of TestPartResult objects in the array.
-int TestPartResultArray::size() const {
-  return static_cast<int>(array_.size());
-}
-
-namespace internal {
-
-HasNewFatalFailureHelper::HasNewFatalFailureHelper()
-    : has_new_fatal_failure_(false),
-      original_reporter_(GetUnitTestImpl()->
-                         GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread()) {
-  GetUnitTestImpl()->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(this);
-}
-
-HasNewFatalFailureHelper::~HasNewFatalFailureHelper() {
-  GetUnitTestImpl()->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(
-      original_reporter_);
-}
-
-void HasNewFatalFailureHelper::ReportTestPartResult(
-    const TestPartResult& result) {
-  if (result.fatally_failed())
-    has_new_fatal_failure_ = true;
-  original_reporter_->ReportTestPartResult(result);
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-}  // namespace testing
-// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
-// All Rights Reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-
-
-namespace testing {
-namespace internal {
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
-
-// Skips to the first non-space char in str. Returns an empty string if str
-// contains only whitespace characters.
-static const char* SkipSpaces(const char* str) {
-  while (IsSpace(*str))
-    str++;
-  return str;
-}
-
-// Verifies that registered_tests match the test names in
-// defined_test_names_; returns registered_tests if successful, or
-// aborts the program otherwise.
-const char* TypedTestCasePState::VerifyRegisteredTestNames(
-    const char* file, int line, const char* registered_tests) {
-  typedef ::std::set<const char*>::const_iterator DefinedTestIter;
-  registered_ = true;
-
-  // Skip initial whitespace in registered_tests since some
-  // preprocessors prefix stringizied literals with whitespace.
-  registered_tests = SkipSpaces(registered_tests);
-
-  Message errors;
-  ::std::set<std::string> tests;
-  for (const char* names = registered_tests; names != NULL;
-       names = SkipComma(names)) {
-    const std::string name = GetPrefixUntilComma(names);
-    if (tests.count(name) != 0) {
-      errors << "Test " << name << " is listed more than once.\n";
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    bool found = false;
-    for (DefinedTestIter it = defined_test_names_.begin();
-         it != defined_test_names_.end();
-         ++it) {
-      if (name == *it) {
-        found = true;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (found) {
-      tests.insert(name);
-    } else {
-      errors << "No test named " << name
-             << " can be found in this test case.\n";
-    }
-  }
-
-  for (DefinedTestIter it = defined_test_names_.begin();
-       it != defined_test_names_.end();
-       ++it) {
-    if (tests.count(*it) == 0) {
-      errors << "You forgot to list test " << *it << ".\n";
-    }
-  }
-
-  const std::string& errors_str = errors.GetString();
-  if (errors_str != "") {
-    fprintf(stderr, "%s %s", FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str(),
-            errors_str.c_str());
-    fflush(stderr);
-    posix::Abort();
-  }
-
-  return registered_tests;
-}
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
-
-}  // namespace internal
-}  // namespace testing
diff --git a/vector/tests/gtest.h b/vector/tests/gtest.h
deleted file mode 100644
index bb6f2d70b78e7be766ef98a862d0ce082ef19c95..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/tests/gtest.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20566 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-//
-// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
-//
-// This header file defines the public API for Google Test.  It should be
-// included by any test program that uses Google Test.
-//
-// IMPORTANT NOTE: Due to limitation of the C++ language, we have to
-// leave some internal implementation details in this header file.
-// They are clearly marked by comments like this:
-//
-//   // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-//
-// Such code is NOT meant to be used by a user directly, and is subject
-// to CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.  Therefore DO NOT DEPEND ON IT in a user
-// program!
-//
-// Acknowledgment: Google Test borrowed the idea of automatic test
-// registration from Barthelemy Dagenais' (barthelemy@prologique.com)
-// easyUnit framework.
-
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
-#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
-
-#include <limits>
-#include <ostream>
-#include <vector>
-
-// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Authors: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), eefacm@gmail.com (Sean Mcafee)
-//
-// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
-//
-// This header file declares functions and macros used internally by
-// Google Test.  They are subject to change without notice.
-
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_INTERNAL_H_
-#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_INTERNAL_H_
-
-// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Authors: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-//
-// Low-level types and utilities for porting Google Test to various
-// platforms.  All macros ending with _ and symbols defined in an
-// internal namespace are subject to change without notice.  Code
-// outside Google Test MUST NOT USE THEM DIRECTLY.  Macros that don't
-// end with _ are part of Google Test's public API and can be used by
-// code outside Google Test.
-//
-// This file is fundamental to Google Test.  All other Google Test source
-// files are expected to #include this.  Therefore, it cannot #include
-// any other Google Test header.
-
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
-#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
-
-// Environment-describing macros
-// -----------------------------
-//
-// Google Test can be used in many different environments.  Macros in
-// this section tell Google Test what kind of environment it is being
-// used in, such that Google Test can provide environment-specific
-// features and implementations.
-//
-// Google Test tries to automatically detect the properties of its
-// environment, so users usually don't need to worry about these
-// macros.  However, the automatic detection is not perfect.
-// Sometimes it's necessary for a user to define some of the following
-// macros in the build script to override Google Test's decisions.
-//
-// If the user doesn't define a macro in the list, Google Test will
-// provide a default definition.  After this header is #included, all
-// macros in this list will be defined to either 1 or 0.
-//
-// Notes to maintainers:
-//   - Each macro here is a user-tweakable knob; do not grow the list
-//     lightly.
-//   - Use #if to key off these macros.  Don't use #ifdef or "#if
-//     defined(...)", which will not work as these macros are ALWAYS
-//     defined.
-//
-//   GTEST_HAS_CLONE          - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that clone(2)
-//                              is/isn't available.
-//   GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS     - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that exceptions
-//                              are enabled.
-//   GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING  - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that ::string
-//                              is/isn't available (some systems define
-//                              ::string, which is different to std::string).
-//   GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that ::string
-//                              is/isn't available (some systems define
-//                              ::wstring, which is different to std::wstring).
-//   GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE       - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that POSIX regular
-//                              expressions are/aren't available.
-//   GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD        - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that <pthread.h>
-//                              is/isn't available.
-//   GTEST_HAS_RTTI           - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that RTTI is/isn't
-//                              enabled.
-//   GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING    - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that
-//                              std::wstring does/doesn't work (Google Test can
-//                              be used where std::wstring is unavailable).
-//   GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE      - Define it to 1/0 to indicate tr1::tuple
-//                              is/isn't available.
-//   GTEST_HAS_SEH            - Define it to 1/0 to indicate whether the
-//                              compiler supports Microsoft's "Structured
-//                              Exception Handling".
-//   GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
-//                            - Define it to 1/0 to indicate whether the
-//                              platform supports I/O stream redirection using
-//                              dup() and dup2().
-//   GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE  - Define it to 1/0 to indicate whether Google
-//                              Test's own tr1 tuple implementation should be
-//                              used.  Unused when the user sets
-//                              GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE to 0.
-//   GTEST_LANG_CXX11         - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that Google Test
-//                              is building in C++11/C++98 mode.
-//   GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY
-//                            - Define to 1 when compiling tests that use
-//                              Google Test as a shared library (known as
-//                              DLL on Windows).
-//   GTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY
-//                            - Define to 1 when compiling Google Test itself
-//                              as a shared library.
-
-// Platform-indicating macros
-// --------------------------
-//
-// Macros indicating the platform on which Google Test is being used
-// (a macro is defined to 1 if compiled on the given platform;
-// otherwise UNDEFINED -- it's never defined to 0.).  Google Test
-// defines these macros automatically.  Code outside Google Test MUST
-// NOT define them.
-//
-//   GTEST_OS_AIX      - IBM AIX
-//   GTEST_OS_CYGWIN   - Cygwin
-//   GTEST_OS_HPUX     - HP-UX
-//   GTEST_OS_LINUX    - Linux
-//     GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID - Google Android
-//   GTEST_OS_MAC      - Mac OS X
-//     GTEST_OS_IOS    - iOS
-//       GTEST_OS_IOS_SIMULATOR - iOS simulator
-//   GTEST_OS_NACL     - Google Native Client (NaCl)
-//   GTEST_OS_OPENBSD  - OpenBSD
-//   GTEST_OS_QNX      - QNX
-//   GTEST_OS_SOLARIS  - Sun Solaris
-//   GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN  - Symbian
-//   GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  - Windows (Desktop, MinGW, or Mobile)
-//     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP  - Windows Desktop
-//     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW    - MinGW
-//     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE   - Windows Mobile
-//   GTEST_OS_ZOS      - z/OS
-//
-// Among the platforms, Cygwin, Linux, Max OS X, and Windows have the
-// most stable support.  Since core members of the Google Test project
-// don't have access to other platforms, support for them may be less
-// stable.  If you notice any problems on your platform, please notify
-// googletestframework@googlegroups.com (patches for fixing them are
-// even more welcome!).
-//
-// It is possible that none of the GTEST_OS_* macros are defined.
-
-// Feature-indicating macros
-// -------------------------
-//
-// Macros indicating which Google Test features are available (a macro
-// is defined to 1 if the corresponding feature is supported;
-// otherwise UNDEFINED -- it's never defined to 0.).  Google Test
-// defines these macros automatically.  Code outside Google Test MUST
-// NOT define them.
-//
-// These macros are public so that portable tests can be written.
-// Such tests typically surround code using a feature with an #if
-// which controls that code.  For example:
-//
-// #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-//   EXPECT_DEATH(DoSomethingDeadly());
-// #endif
-//
-//   GTEST_HAS_COMBINE      - the Combine() function (for value-parameterized
-//                            tests)
-//   GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST   - death tests
-//   GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST   - value-parameterized tests
-//   GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST   - typed tests
-//   GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P - type-parameterized tests
-//   GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE    - Google Test is thread-safe.
-//   GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE    - enhanced POSIX regex is used. Do not confuse with
-//                            GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (see above) which users can
-//                            define themselves.
-//   GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE   - our own simple regex is used;
-//                            the above two are mutually exclusive.
-//   GTEST_CAN_COMPARE_NULL - accepts untyped NULL in EXPECT_EQ().
-
-// Misc public macros
-// ------------------
-//
-//   GTEST_FLAG(flag_name)  - references the variable corresponding to
-//                            the given Google Test flag.
-
-// Internal utilities
-// ------------------
-//
-// The following macros and utilities are for Google Test's INTERNAL
-// use only.  Code outside Google Test MUST NOT USE THEM DIRECTLY.
-//
-// Macros for basic C++ coding:
-//   GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ - for disabling a gcc warning.
-//   GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_  - declares that a class' instances or a
-//                              variable don't have to be used.
-//   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_   - disables operator=.
-//   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_ - disables copy ctor and operator=.
-//   GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_   - declares that a function's result must be used.
-//   GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_ - start code section where MSVC C4127 is
-//                                        suppressed (constant conditional).
-//   GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_  - finish code section where MSVC C4127
-//                                        is suppressed.
-//
-// C++11 feature wrappers:
-//
-//   GTEST_MOVE_          - portability wrapper for std::move.
-//
-// Synchronization:
-//   Mutex, MutexLock, ThreadLocal, GetThreadCount()
-//                            - synchronization primitives.
-//
-// Template meta programming:
-//   is_pointer     - as in TR1; needed on Symbian and IBM XL C/C++ only.
-//   IteratorTraits - partial implementation of std::iterator_traits, which
-//                    is not available in libCstd when compiled with Sun C++.
-//
-// Smart pointers:
-//   scoped_ptr     - as in TR2.
-//
-// Regular expressions:
-//   RE             - a simple regular expression class using the POSIX
-//                    Extended Regular Expression syntax on UNIX-like
-//                    platforms, or a reduced regular exception syntax on
-//                    other platforms, including Windows.
-//
-// Logging:
-//   GTEST_LOG_()   - logs messages at the specified severity level.
-//   LogToStderr()  - directs all log messages to stderr.
-//   FlushInfoLog() - flushes informational log messages.
-//
-// Stdout and stderr capturing:
-//   CaptureStdout()     - starts capturing stdout.
-//   GetCapturedStdout() - stops capturing stdout and returns the captured
-//                         string.
-//   CaptureStderr()     - starts capturing stderr.
-//   GetCapturedStderr() - stops capturing stderr and returns the captured
-//                         string.
-//
-// Integer types:
-//   TypeWithSize   - maps an integer to a int type.
-//   Int32, UInt32, Int64, UInt64, TimeInMillis
-//                  - integers of known sizes.
-//   BiggestInt     - the biggest signed integer type.
-//
-// Command-line utilities:
-//   GTEST_DECLARE_*()  - declares a flag.
-//   GTEST_DEFINE_*()   - defines a flag.
-//   GetInjectableArgvs() - returns the command line as a vector of strings.
-//
-// Environment variable utilities:
-//   GetEnv()             - gets the value of an environment variable.
-//   BoolFromGTestEnv()   - parses a bool environment variable.
-//   Int32FromGTestEnv()  - parses an Int32 environment variable.
-//   StringFromGTestEnv() - parses a string environment variable.
-
-#include <ctype.h>   // for isspace, etc
-#include <stddef.h>  // for ptrdiff_t
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#ifndef _WIN32_WCE
-# include <sys/types.h>
-# include <sys/stat.h>
-#endif  // !_WIN32_WCE
-
-#if defined __APPLE__
-# include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
-# include <TargetConditionals.h>
-#endif
-
-#include <iostream>  // NOLINT
-#include <sstream>  // NOLINT
-#include <string>  // NOLINT
-#include <utility>
-
-#define GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_ "googletestframework@@googlegroups.com"
-#define GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "gtest_"
-#define GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_DASH_ "gtest-"
-#define GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "GTEST_"
-#define GTEST_NAME_ "Google Test"
-#define GTEST_PROJECT_URL_ "http://code.google.com/p/googletest/"
-
-// Determines the version of gcc that is used to compile this.
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-// 40302 means version 4.3.2.
-# define GTEST_GCC_VER_ \
-    (__GNUC__*10000 + __GNUC_MINOR__*100 + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
-#endif  // __GNUC__
-
-// Determines the platform on which Google Test is compiled.
-#ifdef __CYGWIN__
-# define GTEST_OS_CYGWIN 1
-#elif defined __SYMBIAN32__
-# define GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN 1
-#elif defined _WIN32
-# define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS 1
-# ifdef _WIN32_WCE
-#  define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE 1
-# elif defined(__MINGW__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
-#  define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW 1
-# else
-#  define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP 1
-# endif  // _WIN32_WCE
-#elif defined __APPLE__
-# define GTEST_OS_MAC 1
-# if TARGET_OS_IPHONE
-#  define GTEST_OS_IOS 1
-#  if TARGET_IPHONE_SIMULATOR
-#   define GTEST_OS_IOS_SIMULATOR 1
-#  endif
-# endif
-#elif defined __linux__
-# define GTEST_OS_LINUX 1
-# if defined __ANDROID__
-#  define GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID 1
-# endif
-#elif defined __MVS__
-# define GTEST_OS_ZOS 1
-#elif defined(__sun) && defined(__SVR4)
-# define GTEST_OS_SOLARIS 1
-#elif defined(_AIX)
-# define GTEST_OS_AIX 1
-#elif defined(__hpux)
-# define GTEST_OS_HPUX 1
-#elif defined __native_client__
-# define GTEST_OS_NACL 1
-#elif defined __OpenBSD__
-# define GTEST_OS_OPENBSD 1
-#elif defined __QNX__
-# define GTEST_OS_QNX 1
-#endif  // __CYGWIN__
-
-#ifndef GTEST_LANG_CXX11
-// gcc and clang define __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__ when
-// -std={c,gnu}++{0x,11} is passed.  The C++11 standard specifies a
-// value for __cplusplus, and recent versions of clang, gcc, and
-// probably other compilers set that too in C++11 mode.
-# if __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__ || __cplusplus >= 201103L
-// Compiling in at least C++11 mode.
-#  define GTEST_LANG_CXX11 1
-# else
-#  define GTEST_LANG_CXX11 0
-# endif
-#endif
-
-// C++11 specifies that <initializer_list> provides std::initializer_list. Use
-// that if gtest is used in C++11 mode and libstdc++ isn't very old (binaries
-// targeting OS X 10.6 can build with clang but need to use gcc4.2's
-// libstdc++).
-#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && (!defined(__GLIBCXX__) || __GLIBCXX__ > 20110325)
-# define GTEST_HAS_STD_INITIALIZER_LIST_ 1
-#endif
-
-// C++11 specifies that <tuple> provides std::tuple.
-// Some platforms still might not have it, however.
-#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
-# define GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_ 1
-# if defined(__clang__)
-// Inspired by http://clang.llvm.org/docs/LanguageExtensions.html#__has_include
-#  if defined(__has_include) && !__has_include(<tuple>)
-#   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
-#  endif
-# elif defined(_MSC_VER)
-// Inspired by boost/config/stdlib/dinkumware.hpp
-#  if defined(_CPPLIB_VER) && _CPPLIB_VER < 520
-#   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
-#  endif
-# elif defined(__GLIBCXX__)
-// Inspired by boost/config/stdlib/libstdcpp3.hpp,
-// http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.2/changes.html and
-// http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/bk01pt01ch01.html#manual.intro.status.standard.200x
-#  if __GNUC__ < 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 2)
-#   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
-#  endif
-# endif
-#endif
-
-// Brings in definitions for functions used in the testing::internal::posix
-// namespace (read, write, close, chdir, isatty, stat). We do not currently
-// use them on Windows Mobile.
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-#  include <direct.h>
-#  include <io.h>
-# endif
-// In order to avoid having to include <windows.h>, use forward declaration
-// assuming CRITICAL_SECTION is a typedef of _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION.
-// This assumption is verified by
-// WindowsTypesTest.CRITICAL_SECTIONIs_RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION.
-struct _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION;
-#else
-// This assumes that non-Windows OSes provide unistd.h. For OSes where this
-// is not the case, we need to include headers that provide the functions
-// mentioned above.
-# include <unistd.h>
-# include <strings.h>
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
-// Used to define __ANDROID_API__ matching the target NDK API level.
-#  include <android/api-level.h>  // NOLINT
-#endif
-
-// Defines this to true iff Google Test can use POSIX regular expressions.
-#ifndef GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE
-# if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
-// On Android, <regex.h> is only available starting with Gingerbread.
-#  define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (__ANDROID_API__ >= 9)
-# else
-#  define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (!GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE
-
-// On some platforms, <regex.h> needs someone to define size_t, and
-// won't compile otherwise.  We can #include it here as we already
-// included <stdlib.h>, which is guaranteed to define size_t through
-// <stddef.h>.
-# include <regex.h>  // NOLINT
-
-# define GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE 1
-
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-// <regex.h> is not available on Windows.  Use our own simple regex
-// implementation instead.
-# define GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE 1
-
-#else
-
-// <regex.h> may not be available on this platform.  Use our own
-// simple regex implementation instead.
-# define GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE 1
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE
-
-#ifndef GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-// The user didn't tell us whether exceptions are enabled, so we need
-// to figure it out.
-# if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
-// MSVC's and C++Builder's implementations of the STL use the _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-// macro to enable exceptions, so we'll do the same.
-// Assumes that exceptions are enabled by default.
-#  ifndef _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-#   define _HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
-#  endif  // _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-# elif defined(__GNUC__) && __EXCEPTIONS
-// gcc defines __EXCEPTIONS to 1 iff exceptions are enabled.
-#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
-# elif defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
-// Sun Pro CC supports exceptions.  However, there is no compile-time way of
-// detecting whether they are enabled or not.  Therefore, we assume that
-// they are enabled unless the user tells us otherwise.
-#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
-# elif defined(__IBMCPP__) && __EXCEPTIONS
-// xlC defines __EXCEPTIONS to 1 iff exceptions are enabled.
-#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
-# elif defined(__HP_aCC)
-// Exception handling is in effect by default in HP aCC compiler. It has to
-// be turned of by +noeh compiler option if desired.
-#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
-# else
-// For other compilers, we assume exceptions are disabled to be
-// conservative.
-#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 0
-# endif  // defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-
-#if !defined(GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING)
-// Even though we don't use this macro any longer, we keep it in case
-// some clients still depend on it.
-# define GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING 1
-#elif !GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING
-// The user told us that ::std::string isn't available.
-# error "Google Test cannot be used where ::std::string isn't available."
-#endif  // !defined(GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING)
-
-#ifndef GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-// The user didn't tell us whether ::string is available, so we need
-// to figure it out.
-
-# define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING 0
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-
-#ifndef GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-// The user didn't tell us whether ::std::wstring is available, so we need
-// to figure it out.
-// TODO(wan@google.com): uses autoconf to detect whether ::std::wstring
-//   is available.
-
-// Cygwin 1.7 and below doesn't support ::std::wstring.
-// Solaris' libc++ doesn't support it either.  Android has
-// no support for it at least as recent as Froyo (2.2).
-# define GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING \
-    (!(GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SOLARIS))
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-
-#ifndef GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-// The user didn't tell us whether ::wstring is available, so we need
-// to figure it out.
-# define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING \
-    (GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING && GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING)
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-
-// Determines whether RTTI is available.
-#ifndef GTEST_HAS_RTTI
-// The user didn't tell us whether RTTI is enabled, so we need to
-// figure it out.
-
-# ifdef _MSC_VER
-
-#  ifdef _CPPRTTI  // MSVC defines this macro iff RTTI is enabled.
-#   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
-#  else
-#   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
-#  endif
-
-// Starting with version 4.3.2, gcc defines __GXX_RTTI iff RTTI is enabled.
-# elif defined(__GNUC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40302)
-
-#  ifdef __GXX_RTTI
-// When building against STLport with the Android NDK and with
-// -frtti -fno-exceptions, the build fails at link time with undefined
-// references to __cxa_bad_typeid. Note sure if STL or toolchain bug,
-// so disable RTTI when detected.
-#   if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && defined(_STLPORT_MAJOR) && \
-       !defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
-#    define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
-#   else
-#    define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
-#   endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && __STLPORT_MAJOR && !__EXCEPTIONS
-#  else
-#   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
-#  endif  // __GXX_RTTI
-
-// Clang defines __GXX_RTTI starting with version 3.0, but its manual recommends
-// using has_feature instead. has_feature(cxx_rtti) is supported since 2.7, the
-// first version with C++ support.
-# elif defined(__clang__)
-
-#  define GTEST_HAS_RTTI __has_feature(cxx_rtti)
-
-// Starting with version 9.0 IBM Visual Age defines __RTTI_ALL__ to 1 if
-// both the typeid and dynamic_cast features are present.
-# elif defined(__IBMCPP__) && (__IBMCPP__ >= 900)
-
-#  ifdef __RTTI_ALL__
-#   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
-#  else
-#   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
-#  endif
-
-# else
-
-// For all other compilers, we assume RTTI is enabled.
-#  define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
-
-# endif  // _MSC_VER
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_RTTI
-
-// It's this header's responsibility to #include <typeinfo> when RTTI
-// is enabled.
-#if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
-# include <typeinfo>
-#endif
-
-// Determines whether Google Test can use the pthreads library.
-#ifndef GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
-// The user didn't tell us explicitly, so we assume pthreads support is
-// available on Linux and Mac.
-//
-// To disable threading support in Google Test, add -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
-// to your compiler flags.
-# define GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC || GTEST_OS_HPUX \
-    || GTEST_OS_QNX)
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
-// gtest-port.h guarantees to #include <pthread.h> when GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD is
-// true.
-# include <pthread.h>  // NOLINT
-
-// For timespec and nanosleep, used below.
-# include <time.h>  // NOLINT
-#endif
-
-// Determines whether Google Test can use tr1/tuple.  You can define
-// this macro to 0 to prevent Google Test from using tuple (any
-// feature depending on tuple with be disabled in this mode).
-#ifndef GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
-# if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && defined(_STLPORT_MAJOR)
-// STLport, provided with the Android NDK, has neither <tr1/tuple> or <tuple>.
-#  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 0
-# else
-// The user didn't tell us not to do it, so we assume it's OK.
-#  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 1
-# endif
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
-
-// Determines whether Google Test's own tr1 tuple implementation
-// should be used.
-#ifndef GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
-// The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
-
-// We use our own TR1 tuple if we aren't sure the user has an
-// implementation of it already.  At this time, libstdc++ 4.0.0+ and
-// MSVC 2010 are the only mainstream standard libraries that come
-// with a TR1 tuple implementation.  NVIDIA's CUDA NVCC compiler
-// pretends to be GCC by defining __GNUC__ and friends, but cannot
-// compile GCC's tuple implementation.  MSVC 2008 (9.0) provides TR1
-// tuple in a 323 MB Feature Pack download, which we cannot assume the
-// user has.  QNX's QCC compiler is a modified GCC but it doesn't
-// support TR1 tuple.  libc++ only provides std::tuple, in C++11 mode,
-// and it can be used with some compilers that define __GNUC__.
-# if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__CUDACC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40000) \
-      && !GTEST_OS_QNX && !defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)) || _MSC_VER >= 1600
-#  define GTEST_ENV_HAS_TR1_TUPLE_ 1
-# endif
-
-// C++11 specifies that <tuple> provides std::tuple. Use that if gtest is used
-// in C++11 mode and libstdc++ isn't very old (binaries targeting OS X 10.6
-// can build with clang but need to use gcc4.2's libstdc++).
-# if GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && (!defined(__GLIBCXX__) || __GLIBCXX__ > 20110325)
-#  define GTEST_ENV_HAS_STD_TUPLE_ 1
-# endif
-
-# if GTEST_ENV_HAS_TR1_TUPLE_ || GTEST_ENV_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
-#  define GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE 0
-# else
-#  define GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE 1
-# endif
-
-#endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
-
-// To avoid conditional compilation everywhere, we make it
-// gtest-port.h's responsibility to #include the header implementing
-// tuple.
-// TODO(sbenza): Enable this block to start using std::tuple instead of
-//               std::tr1::tuple.
-#if 0 && GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
-# include <tuple>
-# define GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_ ::std
-#endif
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
-# ifndef GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_
-#  define GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_ ::std::tr1
-# endif  // GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_
-
-# if GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
-// This file was GENERATED by command:
-//     pump.py gtest-tuple.h.pump
-// DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
-
-// Copyright 2009 Google Inc.
-// All Rights Reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-
-// Implements a subset of TR1 tuple needed by Google Test and Google Mock.
-
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TUPLE_H_
-#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TUPLE_H_
-
-#include <utility>  // For ::std::pair.
-
-// The compiler used in Symbian has a bug that prevents us from declaring the
-// tuple template as a friend (it complains that tuple is redefined).  This
-// hack bypasses the bug by declaring the members that should otherwise be
-// private as public.
-// Sun Studio versions < 12 also have the above bug.
-#if defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || (defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC < 0x590)
-# define GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_ public:
-#else
-# define GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_ \
-    template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(U)> friend class tuple; \
-   private:
-#endif
-
-// Visual Studio 2010, 2012, and 2013 define symbols in std::tr1 that conflict
-// with our own definitions. Therefore using our own tuple does not work on
-// those compilers.
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1600  /* 1600 is Visual Studio 2010 */
-# error "gtest's tuple doesn't compile on Visual Studio 2010 or later. \
-GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE must be set to 0 on those compilers."
-#endif
-
-// GTEST_n_TUPLE_(T) is the type of an n-tuple.
-#define GTEST_0_TUPLE_(T) tuple<>
-#define GTEST_1_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, void, void, void, void, void, void, \
-    void, void, void>
-#define GTEST_2_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, T##1, void, void, void, void, void, \
-    void, void, void>
-#define GTEST_3_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, T##1, T##2, void, void, void, void, \
-    void, void, void>
-#define GTEST_4_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, T##1, T##2, T##3, void, void, void, \
-    void, void, void>
-#define GTEST_5_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, T##1, T##2, T##3, T##4, void, void, \
-    void, void, void>
-#define GTEST_6_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, T##1, T##2, T##3, T##4, T##5, void, \
-    void, void, void>
-#define GTEST_7_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, T##1, T##2, T##3, T##4, T##5, T##6, \
-    void, void, void>
-#define GTEST_8_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, T##1, T##2, T##3, T##4, T##5, T##6, \
-    T##7, void, void>
-#define GTEST_9_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, T##1, T##2, T##3, T##4, T##5, T##6, \
-    T##7, T##8, void>
-#define GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, T##1, T##2, T##3, T##4, T##5, T##6, \
-    T##7, T##8, T##9>
-
-// GTEST_n_TYPENAMES_(T) declares a list of n typenames.
-#define GTEST_0_TYPENAMES_(T)
-#define GTEST_1_TYPENAMES_(T) typename T##0
-#define GTEST_2_TYPENAMES_(T) typename T##0, typename T##1
-#define GTEST_3_TYPENAMES_(T) typename T##0, typename T##1, typename T##2
-#define GTEST_4_TYPENAMES_(T) typename T##0, typename T##1, typename T##2, \
-    typename T##3
-#define GTEST_5_TYPENAMES_(T) typename T##0, typename T##1, typename T##2, \
-    typename T##3, typename T##4
-#define GTEST_6_TYPENAMES_(T) typename T##0, typename T##1, typename T##2, \
-    typename T##3, typename T##4, typename T##5
-#define GTEST_7_TYPENAMES_(T) typename T##0, typename T##1, typename T##2, \
-    typename T##3, typename T##4, typename T##5, typename T##6
-#define GTEST_8_TYPENAMES_(T) typename T##0, typename T##1, typename T##2, \
-    typename T##3, typename T##4, typename T##5, typename T##6, typename T##7
-#define GTEST_9_TYPENAMES_(T) typename T##0, typename T##1, typename T##2, \
-    typename T##3, typename T##4, typename T##5, typename T##6, \
-    typename T##7, typename T##8
-#define GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T) typename T##0, typename T##1, typename T##2, \
-    typename T##3, typename T##4, typename T##5, typename T##6, \
-    typename T##7, typename T##8, typename T##9
-
-// In theory, defining stuff in the ::std namespace is undefined
-// behavior.  We can do this as we are playing the role of a standard
-// library vendor.
-namespace std {
-namespace tr1 {
-
-template <typename T0 = void, typename T1 = void, typename T2 = void,
-    typename T3 = void, typename T4 = void, typename T5 = void,
-    typename T6 = void, typename T7 = void, typename T8 = void,
-    typename T9 = void>
-class tuple;
-
-// Anything in namespace gtest_internal is Google Test's INTERNAL
-// IMPLEMENTATION DETAIL and MUST NOT BE USED DIRECTLY in user code.
-namespace gtest_internal {
-
-// ByRef<T>::type is T if T is a reference; otherwise it's const T&.
-template <typename T>
-struct ByRef { typedef const T& type; };  // NOLINT
-template <typename T>
-struct ByRef<T&> { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
-
-// A handy wrapper for ByRef.
-#define GTEST_BY_REF_(T) typename ::std::tr1::gtest_internal::ByRef<T>::type
-
-// AddRef<T>::type is T if T is a reference; otherwise it's T&.  This
-// is the same as tr1::add_reference<T>::type.
-template <typename T>
-struct AddRef { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
-template <typename T>
-struct AddRef<T&> { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
-
-// A handy wrapper for AddRef.
-#define GTEST_ADD_REF_(T) typename ::std::tr1::gtest_internal::AddRef<T>::type
-
-// A helper for implementing get<k>().
-template <int k> class Get;
-
-// A helper for implementing tuple_element<k, T>.  kIndexValid is true
-// iff k < the number of fields in tuple type T.
-template <bool kIndexValid, int kIndex, class Tuple>
-struct TupleElement;
-
-template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 0, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  typedef T0 type;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 1, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  typedef T1 type;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 2, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  typedef T2 type;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 3, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  typedef T3 type;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 4, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  typedef T4 type;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 5, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  typedef T5 type;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 6, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  typedef T6 type;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 7, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  typedef T7 type;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 8, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  typedef T8 type;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 9, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  typedef T9 type;
-};
-
-}  // namespace gtest_internal
-
-template <>
-class tuple<> {
- public:
-  tuple() {}
-  tuple(const tuple& /* t */)  {}
-  tuple& operator=(const tuple& /* t */) { return *this; }
-};
-
-template <GTEST_1_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-class GTEST_1_TUPLE_(T) {
- public:
-  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
-
-  tuple() : f0_() {}
-
-  explicit tuple(GTEST_BY_REF_(T0) f0) : f0_(f0) {}
-
-  tuple(const tuple& t) : f0_(t.f0_) {}
-
-  template <GTEST_1_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple(const GTEST_1_TUPLE_(U)& t) : f0_(t.f0_) {}
-
-  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
-
-  template <GTEST_1_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_1_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
-    return CopyFrom(t);
-  }
-
-  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
-
-  template <GTEST_1_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_1_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
-    f0_ = t.f0_;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  T0 f0_;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_2_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-class GTEST_2_TUPLE_(T) {
- public:
-  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
-
-  tuple() : f0_(), f1_() {}
-
-  explicit tuple(GTEST_BY_REF_(T0) f0, GTEST_BY_REF_(T1) f1) : f0_(f0),
-      f1_(f1) {}
-
-  tuple(const tuple& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_) {}
-
-  template <GTEST_2_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple(const GTEST_2_TUPLE_(U)& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_) {}
-  template <typename U0, typename U1>
-  tuple(const ::std::pair<U0, U1>& p) : f0_(p.first), f1_(p.second) {}
-
-  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
-
-  template <GTEST_2_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_2_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
-    return CopyFrom(t);
-  }
-  template <typename U0, typename U1>
-  tuple& operator=(const ::std::pair<U0, U1>& p) {
-    f0_ = p.first;
-    f1_ = p.second;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
-
-  template <GTEST_2_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_2_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
-    f0_ = t.f0_;
-    f1_ = t.f1_;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  T0 f0_;
-  T1 f1_;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_3_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-class GTEST_3_TUPLE_(T) {
- public:
-  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
-
-  tuple() : f0_(), f1_(), f2_() {}
-
-  explicit tuple(GTEST_BY_REF_(T0) f0, GTEST_BY_REF_(T1) f1,
-      GTEST_BY_REF_(T2) f2) : f0_(f0), f1_(f1), f2_(f2) {}
-
-  tuple(const tuple& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_) {}
-
-  template <GTEST_3_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple(const GTEST_3_TUPLE_(U)& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_) {}
-
-  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
-
-  template <GTEST_3_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_3_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
-    return CopyFrom(t);
-  }
-
-  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
-
-  template <GTEST_3_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_3_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
-    f0_ = t.f0_;
-    f1_ = t.f1_;
-    f2_ = t.f2_;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  T0 f0_;
-  T1 f1_;
-  T2 f2_;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_4_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-class GTEST_4_TUPLE_(T) {
- public:
-  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
-
-  tuple() : f0_(), f1_(), f2_(), f3_() {}
-
-  explicit tuple(GTEST_BY_REF_(T0) f0, GTEST_BY_REF_(T1) f1,
-      GTEST_BY_REF_(T2) f2, GTEST_BY_REF_(T3) f3) : f0_(f0), f1_(f1), f2_(f2),
-      f3_(f3) {}
-
-  tuple(const tuple& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_), f3_(t.f3_) {}
-
-  template <GTEST_4_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple(const GTEST_4_TUPLE_(U)& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_),
-      f3_(t.f3_) {}
-
-  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
-
-  template <GTEST_4_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_4_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
-    return CopyFrom(t);
-  }
-
-  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
-
-  template <GTEST_4_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_4_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
-    f0_ = t.f0_;
-    f1_ = t.f1_;
-    f2_ = t.f2_;
-    f3_ = t.f3_;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  T0 f0_;
-  T1 f1_;
-  T2 f2_;
-  T3 f3_;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_5_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-class GTEST_5_TUPLE_(T) {
- public:
-  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
-
-  tuple() : f0_(), f1_(), f2_(), f3_(), f4_() {}
-
-  explicit tuple(GTEST_BY_REF_(T0) f0, GTEST_BY_REF_(T1) f1,
-      GTEST_BY_REF_(T2) f2, GTEST_BY_REF_(T3) f3,
-      GTEST_BY_REF_(T4) f4) : f0_(f0), f1_(f1), f2_(f2), f3_(f3), f4_(f4) {}
-
-  tuple(const tuple& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_), f3_(t.f3_),
-      f4_(t.f4_) {}
-
-  template <GTEST_5_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple(const GTEST_5_TUPLE_(U)& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_),
-      f3_(t.f3_), f4_(t.f4_) {}
-
-  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
-
-  template <GTEST_5_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_5_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
-    return CopyFrom(t);
-  }
-
-  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
-
-  template <GTEST_5_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_5_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
-    f0_ = t.f0_;
-    f1_ = t.f1_;
-    f2_ = t.f2_;
-    f3_ = t.f3_;
-    f4_ = t.f4_;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  T0 f0_;
-  T1 f1_;
-  T2 f2_;
-  T3 f3_;
-  T4 f4_;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_6_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-class GTEST_6_TUPLE_(T) {
- public:
-  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
-
-  tuple() : f0_(), f1_(), f2_(), f3_(), f4_(), f5_() {}
-
-  explicit tuple(GTEST_BY_REF_(T0) f0, GTEST_BY_REF_(T1) f1,
-      GTEST_BY_REF_(T2) f2, GTEST_BY_REF_(T3) f3, GTEST_BY_REF_(T4) f4,
-      GTEST_BY_REF_(T5) f5) : f0_(f0), f1_(f1), f2_(f2), f3_(f3), f4_(f4),
-      f5_(f5) {}
-
-  tuple(const tuple& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_), f3_(t.f3_),
-      f4_(t.f4_), f5_(t.f5_) {}
-
-  template <GTEST_6_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple(const GTEST_6_TUPLE_(U)& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_),
-      f3_(t.f3_), f4_(t.f4_), f5_(t.f5_) {}
-
-  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
-
-  template <GTEST_6_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_6_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
-    return CopyFrom(t);
-  }
-
-  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
-
-  template <GTEST_6_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_6_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
-    f0_ = t.f0_;
-    f1_ = t.f1_;
-    f2_ = t.f2_;
-    f3_ = t.f3_;
-    f4_ = t.f4_;
-    f5_ = t.f5_;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  T0 f0_;
-  T1 f1_;
-  T2 f2_;
-  T3 f3_;
-  T4 f4_;
-  T5 f5_;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_7_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-class GTEST_7_TUPLE_(T) {
- public:
-  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
-
-  tuple() : f0_(), f1_(), f2_(), f3_(), f4_(), f5_(), f6_() {}
-
-  explicit tuple(GTEST_BY_REF_(T0) f0, GTEST_BY_REF_(T1) f1,
-      GTEST_BY_REF_(T2) f2, GTEST_BY_REF_(T3) f3, GTEST_BY_REF_(T4) f4,
-      GTEST_BY_REF_(T5) f5, GTEST_BY_REF_(T6) f6) : f0_(f0), f1_(f1), f2_(f2),
-      f3_(f3), f4_(f4), f5_(f5), f6_(f6) {}
-
-  tuple(const tuple& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_), f3_(t.f3_),
-      f4_(t.f4_), f5_(t.f5_), f6_(t.f6_) {}
-
-  template <GTEST_7_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple(const GTEST_7_TUPLE_(U)& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_),
-      f3_(t.f3_), f4_(t.f4_), f5_(t.f5_), f6_(t.f6_) {}
-
-  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
-
-  template <GTEST_7_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_7_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
-    return CopyFrom(t);
-  }
-
-  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
-
-  template <GTEST_7_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_7_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
-    f0_ = t.f0_;
-    f1_ = t.f1_;
-    f2_ = t.f2_;
-    f3_ = t.f3_;
-    f4_ = t.f4_;
-    f5_ = t.f5_;
-    f6_ = t.f6_;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  T0 f0_;
-  T1 f1_;
-  T2 f2_;
-  T3 f3_;
-  T4 f4_;
-  T5 f5_;
-  T6 f6_;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_8_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-class GTEST_8_TUPLE_(T) {
- public:
-  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
-
-  tuple() : f0_(), f1_(), f2_(), f3_(), f4_(), f5_(), f6_(), f7_() {}
-
-  explicit tuple(GTEST_BY_REF_(T0) f0, GTEST_BY_REF_(T1) f1,
-      GTEST_BY_REF_(T2) f2, GTEST_BY_REF_(T3) f3, GTEST_BY_REF_(T4) f4,
-      GTEST_BY_REF_(T5) f5, GTEST_BY_REF_(T6) f6,
-      GTEST_BY_REF_(T7) f7) : f0_(f0), f1_(f1), f2_(f2), f3_(f3), f4_(f4),
-      f5_(f5), f6_(f6), f7_(f7) {}
-
-  tuple(const tuple& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_), f3_(t.f3_),
-      f4_(t.f4_), f5_(t.f5_), f6_(t.f6_), f7_(t.f7_) {}
-
-  template <GTEST_8_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple(const GTEST_8_TUPLE_(U)& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_),
-      f3_(t.f3_), f4_(t.f4_), f5_(t.f5_), f6_(t.f6_), f7_(t.f7_) {}
-
-  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
-
-  template <GTEST_8_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_8_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
-    return CopyFrom(t);
-  }
-
-  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
-
-  template <GTEST_8_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_8_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
-    f0_ = t.f0_;
-    f1_ = t.f1_;
-    f2_ = t.f2_;
-    f3_ = t.f3_;
-    f4_ = t.f4_;
-    f5_ = t.f5_;
-    f6_ = t.f6_;
-    f7_ = t.f7_;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  T0 f0_;
-  T1 f1_;
-  T2 f2_;
-  T3 f3_;
-  T4 f4_;
-  T5 f5_;
-  T6 f6_;
-  T7 f7_;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_9_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-class GTEST_9_TUPLE_(T) {
- public:
-  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
-
-  tuple() : f0_(), f1_(), f2_(), f3_(), f4_(), f5_(), f6_(), f7_(), f8_() {}
-
-  explicit tuple(GTEST_BY_REF_(T0) f0, GTEST_BY_REF_(T1) f1,
-      GTEST_BY_REF_(T2) f2, GTEST_BY_REF_(T3) f3, GTEST_BY_REF_(T4) f4,
-      GTEST_BY_REF_(T5) f5, GTEST_BY_REF_(T6) f6, GTEST_BY_REF_(T7) f7,
-      GTEST_BY_REF_(T8) f8) : f0_(f0), f1_(f1), f2_(f2), f3_(f3), f4_(f4),
-      f5_(f5), f6_(f6), f7_(f7), f8_(f8) {}
-
-  tuple(const tuple& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_), f3_(t.f3_),
-      f4_(t.f4_), f5_(t.f5_), f6_(t.f6_), f7_(t.f7_), f8_(t.f8_) {}
-
-  template <GTEST_9_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple(const GTEST_9_TUPLE_(U)& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_),
-      f3_(t.f3_), f4_(t.f4_), f5_(t.f5_), f6_(t.f6_), f7_(t.f7_), f8_(t.f8_) {}
-
-  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
-
-  template <GTEST_9_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_9_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
-    return CopyFrom(t);
-  }
-
-  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
-
-  template <GTEST_9_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_9_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
-    f0_ = t.f0_;
-    f1_ = t.f1_;
-    f2_ = t.f2_;
-    f3_ = t.f3_;
-    f4_ = t.f4_;
-    f5_ = t.f5_;
-    f6_ = t.f6_;
-    f7_ = t.f7_;
-    f8_ = t.f8_;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  T0 f0_;
-  T1 f1_;
-  T2 f2_;
-  T3 f3_;
-  T4 f4_;
-  T5 f5_;
-  T6 f6_;
-  T7 f7_;
-  T8 f8_;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-class tuple {
- public:
-  template <int k> friend class gtest_internal::Get;
-
-  tuple() : f0_(), f1_(), f2_(), f3_(), f4_(), f5_(), f6_(), f7_(), f8_(),
-      f9_() {}
-
-  explicit tuple(GTEST_BY_REF_(T0) f0, GTEST_BY_REF_(T1) f1,
-      GTEST_BY_REF_(T2) f2, GTEST_BY_REF_(T3) f3, GTEST_BY_REF_(T4) f4,
-      GTEST_BY_REF_(T5) f5, GTEST_BY_REF_(T6) f6, GTEST_BY_REF_(T7) f7,
-      GTEST_BY_REF_(T8) f8, GTEST_BY_REF_(T9) f9) : f0_(f0), f1_(f1), f2_(f2),
-      f3_(f3), f4_(f4), f5_(f5), f6_(f6), f7_(f7), f8_(f8), f9_(f9) {}
-
-  tuple(const tuple& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_), f3_(t.f3_),
-      f4_(t.f4_), f5_(t.f5_), f6_(t.f6_), f7_(t.f7_), f8_(t.f8_), f9_(t.f9_) {}
-
-  template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple(const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U)& t) : f0_(t.f0_), f1_(t.f1_), f2_(t.f2_),
-      f3_(t.f3_), f4_(t.f4_), f5_(t.f5_), f6_(t.f6_), f7_(t.f7_), f8_(t.f8_),
-      f9_(t.f9_) {}
-
-  tuple& operator=(const tuple& t) { return CopyFrom(t); }
-
-  template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple& operator=(const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
-    return CopyFrom(t);
-  }
-
-  GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
-
-  template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-  tuple& CopyFrom(const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U)& t) {
-    f0_ = t.f0_;
-    f1_ = t.f1_;
-    f2_ = t.f2_;
-    f3_ = t.f3_;
-    f4_ = t.f4_;
-    f5_ = t.f5_;
-    f6_ = t.f6_;
-    f7_ = t.f7_;
-    f8_ = t.f8_;
-    f9_ = t.f9_;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  T0 f0_;
-  T1 f1_;
-  T2 f2_;
-  T3 f3_;
-  T4 f4_;
-  T5 f5_;
-  T6 f6_;
-  T7 f7_;
-  T8 f8_;
-  T9 f9_;
-};
-
-// 6.1.3.2 Tuple creation functions.
-
-// Known limitations: we don't support passing an
-// std::tr1::reference_wrapper<T> to make_tuple().  And we don't
-// implement tie().
-
-inline tuple<> make_tuple() { return tuple<>(); }
-
-template <GTEST_1_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-inline GTEST_1_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0) {
-  return GTEST_1_TUPLE_(T)(f0);
-}
-
-template <GTEST_2_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-inline GTEST_2_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0, const T1& f1) {
-  return GTEST_2_TUPLE_(T)(f0, f1);
-}
-
-template <GTEST_3_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-inline GTEST_3_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0, const T1& f1, const T2& f2) {
-  return GTEST_3_TUPLE_(T)(f0, f1, f2);
-}
-
-template <GTEST_4_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-inline GTEST_4_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0, const T1& f1, const T2& f2,
-    const T3& f3) {
-  return GTEST_4_TUPLE_(T)(f0, f1, f2, f3);
-}
-
-template <GTEST_5_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-inline GTEST_5_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0, const T1& f1, const T2& f2,
-    const T3& f3, const T4& f4) {
-  return GTEST_5_TUPLE_(T)(f0, f1, f2, f3, f4);
-}
-
-template <GTEST_6_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-inline GTEST_6_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0, const T1& f1, const T2& f2,
-    const T3& f3, const T4& f4, const T5& f5) {
-  return GTEST_6_TUPLE_(T)(f0, f1, f2, f3, f4, f5);
-}
-
-template <GTEST_7_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-inline GTEST_7_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0, const T1& f1, const T2& f2,
-    const T3& f3, const T4& f4, const T5& f5, const T6& f6) {
-  return GTEST_7_TUPLE_(T)(f0, f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6);
-}
-
-template <GTEST_8_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-inline GTEST_8_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0, const T1& f1, const T2& f2,
-    const T3& f3, const T4& f4, const T5& f5, const T6& f6, const T7& f7) {
-  return GTEST_8_TUPLE_(T)(f0, f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7);
-}
-
-template <GTEST_9_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-inline GTEST_9_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0, const T1& f1, const T2& f2,
-    const T3& f3, const T4& f4, const T5& f5, const T6& f6, const T7& f7,
-    const T8& f8) {
-  return GTEST_9_TUPLE_(T)(f0, f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8);
-}
-
-template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-inline GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0, const T1& f1, const T2& f2,
-    const T3& f3, const T4& f4, const T5& f5, const T6& f6, const T7& f7,
-    const T8& f8, const T9& f9) {
-  return GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)(f0, f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9);
-}
-
-// 6.1.3.3 Tuple helper classes.
-
-template <typename Tuple> struct tuple_size;
-
-template <GTEST_0_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_0_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  static const int value = 0;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_1_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_1_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  static const int value = 1;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_2_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_2_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  static const int value = 2;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_3_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_3_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  static const int value = 3;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_4_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_4_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  static const int value = 4;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_5_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_5_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  static const int value = 5;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_6_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_6_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  static const int value = 6;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_7_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_7_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  static const int value = 7;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_8_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_8_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  static const int value = 8;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_9_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_9_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  static const int value = 9;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
-  static const int value = 10;
-};
-
-template <int k, class Tuple>
-struct tuple_element {
-  typedef typename gtest_internal::TupleElement<
-      k < (tuple_size<Tuple>::value), k, Tuple>::type type;
-};
-
-#define GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(k, Tuple) typename tuple_element<k, Tuple >::type
-
-// 6.1.3.4 Element access.
-
-namespace gtest_internal {
-
-template <>
-class Get<0> {
- public:
-  template <class Tuple>
-  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(0, Tuple))
-  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f0_; }  // NOLINT
-
-  template <class Tuple>
-  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(0, Tuple))
-  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f0_; }
-};
-
-template <>
-class Get<1> {
- public:
-  template <class Tuple>
-  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(1, Tuple))
-  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f1_; }  // NOLINT
-
-  template <class Tuple>
-  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(1, Tuple))
-  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f1_; }
-};
-
-template <>
-class Get<2> {
- public:
-  template <class Tuple>
-  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(2, Tuple))
-  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f2_; }  // NOLINT
-
-  template <class Tuple>
-  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(2, Tuple))
-  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f2_; }
-};
-
-template <>
-class Get<3> {
- public:
-  template <class Tuple>
-  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(3, Tuple))
-  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f3_; }  // NOLINT
-
-  template <class Tuple>
-  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(3, Tuple))
-  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f3_; }
-};
-
-template <>
-class Get<4> {
- public:
-  template <class Tuple>
-  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(4, Tuple))
-  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f4_; }  // NOLINT
-
-  template <class Tuple>
-  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(4, Tuple))
-  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f4_; }
-};
-
-template <>
-class Get<5> {
- public:
-  template <class Tuple>
-  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(5, Tuple))
-  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f5_; }  // NOLINT
-
-  template <class Tuple>
-  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(5, Tuple))
-  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f5_; }
-};
-
-template <>
-class Get<6> {
- public:
-  template <class Tuple>
-  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(6, Tuple))
-  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f6_; }  // NOLINT
-
-  template <class Tuple>
-  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(6, Tuple))
-  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f6_; }
-};
-
-template <>
-class Get<7> {
- public:
-  template <class Tuple>
-  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(7, Tuple))
-  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f7_; }  // NOLINT
-
-  template <class Tuple>
-  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(7, Tuple))
-  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f7_; }
-};
-
-template <>
-class Get<8> {
- public:
-  template <class Tuple>
-  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(8, Tuple))
-  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f8_; }  // NOLINT
-
-  template <class Tuple>
-  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(8, Tuple))
-  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f8_; }
-};
-
-template <>
-class Get<9> {
- public:
-  template <class Tuple>
-  static GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(9, Tuple))
-  Field(Tuple& t) { return t.f9_; }  // NOLINT
-
-  template <class Tuple>
-  static GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(9, Tuple))
-  ConstField(const Tuple& t) { return t.f9_; }
-};
-
-}  // namespace gtest_internal
-
-template <int k, GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-GTEST_ADD_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(k, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)))
-get(GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)& t) {
-  return gtest_internal::Get<k>::Field(t);
-}
-
-template <int k, GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-GTEST_BY_REF_(GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(k,  GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)))
-get(const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)& t) {
-  return gtest_internal::Get<k>::ConstField(t);
-}
-
-// 6.1.3.5 Relational operators
-
-// We only implement == and !=, as we don't have a need for the rest yet.
-
-namespace gtest_internal {
-
-// SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<k, k>::Eq(t1, t2) returns true if the
-// first k fields of t1 equals the first k fields of t2.
-// SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator(k1, k2) would be a compiler error if
-// k1 != k2.
-template <int kSize1, int kSize2>
-struct SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator;
-
-template <>
-struct SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<0, 0> {
-  template <class Tuple1, class Tuple2>
-  static bool Eq(const Tuple1& /* t1 */, const Tuple2& /* t2 */) {
-    return true;
-  }
-};
-
-template <int k>
-struct SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<k, k> {
-  template <class Tuple1, class Tuple2>
-  static bool Eq(const Tuple1& t1, const Tuple2& t2) {
-    return SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<k - 1, k - 1>::Eq(t1, t2) &&
-        ::std::tr1::get<k - 1>(t1) == ::std::tr1::get<k - 1>(t2);
-  }
-};
-
-}  // namespace gtest_internal
-
-template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T), GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-inline bool operator==(const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)& t,
-                       const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U)& u) {
-  return gtest_internal::SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<
-      tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) >::value,
-      tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U) >::value>::Eq(t, u);
-}
-
-template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T), GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(U)>
-inline bool operator!=(const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)& t,
-                       const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U)& u) { return !(t == u); }
-
-// 6.1.4 Pairs.
-// Unimplemented.
-
-}  // namespace tr1
-}  // namespace std
-
-#undef GTEST_0_TUPLE_
-#undef GTEST_1_TUPLE_
-#undef GTEST_2_TUPLE_
-#undef GTEST_3_TUPLE_
-#undef GTEST_4_TUPLE_
-#undef GTEST_5_TUPLE_
-#undef GTEST_6_TUPLE_
-#undef GTEST_7_TUPLE_
-#undef GTEST_8_TUPLE_
-#undef GTEST_9_TUPLE_
-#undef GTEST_10_TUPLE_
-
-#undef GTEST_0_TYPENAMES_
-#undef GTEST_1_TYPENAMES_
-#undef GTEST_2_TYPENAMES_
-#undef GTEST_3_TYPENAMES_
-#undef GTEST_4_TYPENAMES_
-#undef GTEST_5_TYPENAMES_
-#undef GTEST_6_TYPENAMES_
-#undef GTEST_7_TYPENAMES_
-#undef GTEST_8_TYPENAMES_
-#undef GTEST_9_TYPENAMES_
-#undef GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_
-
-#undef GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_
-#undef GTEST_BY_REF_
-#undef GTEST_ADD_REF_
-#undef GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_
-
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TUPLE_H_
-# elif GTEST_ENV_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
-#  include <tuple>
-// C++11 puts its tuple into the ::std namespace rather than
-// ::std::tr1.  gtest expects tuple to live in ::std::tr1, so put it there.
-// This causes undefined behavior, but supported compilers react in
-// the way we intend.
-namespace std {
-namespace tr1 {
-using ::std::get;
-using ::std::make_tuple;
-using ::std::tuple;
-using ::std::tuple_element;
-using ::std::tuple_size;
-}
-}
-
-# elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
-
-// On Symbian, BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE causes Boost's TR1 tuple library to
-// use STLport's tuple implementation, which unfortunately doesn't
-// work as the copy of STLport distributed with Symbian is incomplete.
-// By making sure BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE is undefined, we force Boost to
-// use its own tuple implementation.
-#  ifdef BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
-#   undef BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
-#  endif  // BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
-
-// This prevents <boost/tr1/detail/config.hpp>, which defines
-// BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE, from being #included by Boost's <tuple>.
-#  define BOOST_TR1_DETAIL_CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
-#  include <tuple>
-
-# elif defined(__GNUC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40000)
-// GCC 4.0+ implements tr1/tuple in the <tr1/tuple> header.  This does
-// not conform to the TR1 spec, which requires the header to be <tuple>.
-
-#  if !GTEST_HAS_RTTI && GTEST_GCC_VER_ < 40302
-// Until version 4.3.2, gcc has a bug that causes <tr1/functional>,
-// which is #included by <tr1/tuple>, to not compile when RTTI is
-// disabled.  _TR1_FUNCTIONAL is the header guard for
-// <tr1/functional>.  Hence the following #define is a hack to prevent
-// <tr1/functional> from being included.
-#   define _TR1_FUNCTIONAL 1
-#   include <tr1/tuple>
-#   undef _TR1_FUNCTIONAL  // Allows the user to #include
-                        // <tr1/functional> if he chooses to.
-#  else
-#   include <tr1/tuple>  // NOLINT
-#  endif  // !GTEST_HAS_RTTI && GTEST_GCC_VER_ < 40302
-
-# else
-// If the compiler is not GCC 4.0+, we assume the user is using a
-// spec-conforming TR1 implementation.
-#  include <tuple>  // NOLINT
-# endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
-
-// Determines whether clone(2) is supported.
-// Usually it will only be available on Linux, excluding
-// Linux on the Itanium architecture.
-// Also see http://linux.die.net/man/2/clone.
-#ifndef GTEST_HAS_CLONE
-// The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
-
-# if GTEST_OS_LINUX && !defined(__ia64__)
-#  if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
-// On Android, clone() is only available on ARM starting with Gingerbread.
-#    if defined(__arm__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-#     define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 1
-#    else
-#     define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 0
-#    endif
-#  else
-#   define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 1
-#  endif
-# else
-#  define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 0
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX && !defined(__ia64__)
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE
-
-// Determines whether to support stream redirection. This is used to test
-// output correctness and to implement death tests.
-#ifndef GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
-// By default, we assume that stream redirection is supported on all
-// platforms except known mobile ones.
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
-#  define GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION 0
-# else
-#  define GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION 1
-# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
-
-// Determines whether to support death tests.
-// Google Test does not support death tests for VC 7.1 and earlier as
-// abort() in a VC 7.1 application compiled as GUI in debug config
-// pops up a dialog window that cannot be suppressed programmatically.
-#if (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SOLARIS || \
-     (GTEST_OS_MAC && !GTEST_OS_IOS) || GTEST_OS_IOS_SIMULATOR || \
-     (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP && _MSC_VER >= 1400) || \
-     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW || GTEST_OS_AIX || GTEST_OS_HPUX || \
-     GTEST_OS_OPENBSD || GTEST_OS_QNX)
-# define GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST 1
-# include <vector>  // NOLINT
-#endif
-
-// We don't support MSVC 7.1 with exceptions disabled now.  Therefore
-// all the compilers we care about are adequate for supporting
-// value-parameterized tests.
-#define GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST 1
-
-// Determines whether to support type-driven tests.
-
-// Typed tests need <typeinfo> and variadic macros, which GCC, VC++ 8.0,
-// Sun Pro CC, IBM Visual Age, and HP aCC support.
-#if defined(__GNUC__) || (_MSC_VER >= 1400) || defined(__SUNPRO_CC) || \
-    defined(__IBMCPP__) || defined(__HP_aCC)
-# define GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST 1
-# define GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P 1
-#endif
-
-// Determines whether to support Combine(). This only makes sense when
-// value-parameterized tests are enabled.  The implementation doesn't
-// work on Sun Studio since it doesn't understand templated conversion
-// operators.
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST && GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE && !defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
-# define GTEST_HAS_COMBINE 1
-#endif
-
-// Determines whether the system compiler uses UTF-16 for encoding wide strings.
-#define GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_ \
-    (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_AIX)
-
-// Determines whether test results can be streamed to a socket.
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
-# define GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_ 1
-#endif
-
-// Defines some utility macros.
-
-// The GNU compiler emits a warning if nested "if" statements are followed by
-// an "else" statement and braces are not used to explicitly disambiguate the
-// "else" binding.  This leads to problems with code like:
-//
-//   if (gate)
-//     ASSERT_*(condition) << "Some message";
-//
-// The "switch (0) case 0:" idiom is used to suppress this.
-#ifdef __INTEL_COMPILER
-# define GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_
-#else
-# define GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ switch (0) case 0: default:  // NOLINT
-#endif
-
-// Use this annotation at the end of a struct/class definition to
-// prevent the compiler from optimizing away instances that are never
-// used.  This is useful when all interesting logic happens inside the
-// c'tor and / or d'tor.  Example:
-//
-//   struct Foo {
-//     Foo() { ... }
-//   } GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;
-//
-// Also use it after a variable or parameter declaration to tell the
-// compiler the variable/parameter does not have to be used.
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(COMPILER_ICC)
-# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ __attribute__ ((unused))
-#else
-# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
-#endif
-
-// A macro to disallow operator=
-// This should be used in the private: declarations for a class.
-#define GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(type)\
-  void operator=(type const &)
-
-// A macro to disallow copy constructor and operator=
-// This should be used in the private: declarations for a class.
-#define GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(type)\
-  type(type const &);\
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(type)
-
-// Tell the compiler to warn about unused return values for functions declared
-// with this macro.  The macro should be used on function declarations
-// following the argument list:
-//
-//   Sprocket* AllocateSprocket() GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_;
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 30400) && !defined(COMPILER_ICC)
-# define GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_ __attribute__ ((warn_unused_result))
-#else
-# define GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_
-#endif  // __GNUC__ && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 30400) && !COMPILER_ICC
-
-#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
-# define GTEST_MOVE_(x) ::std::move(x)  // NOLINT
-#else
-# define GTEST_MOVE_(x) x
-#endif
-
-// MS C++ compiler emits warning when a conditional expression is compile time
-// constant. In some contexts this warning is false positive and needs to be
-// suppressed. Use the following two macros in such cases:
-//
-// GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_
-// while (true) {
-// GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_
-// }
-#if defined(_MSC_VER)
-# define GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_ \
-    __pragma(warning(push)) \
-    __pragma(warning(disable: 4127))
-# define GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_ \
-    __pragma(warning(pop))
-#else
-# define GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_
-# define GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_
-#endif
-
-// Determine whether the compiler supports Microsoft's Structured Exception
-// Handling.  This is supported by several Windows compilers but generally
-// does not exist on any other system.
-#ifndef GTEST_HAS_SEH
-// The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
-
-# if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
-// These two compilers are known to support SEH.
-#  define GTEST_HAS_SEH 1
-# else
-// Assume no SEH.
-#  define GTEST_HAS_SEH 0
-# endif
-
-#define GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE \
-    (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD)
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-
-# if GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY
-#  define GTEST_API_ __declspec(dllimport)
-# elif GTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY
-#  define GTEST_API_ __declspec(dllexport)
-# endif
-
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
-
-#ifndef GTEST_API_
-# define GTEST_API_
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-// Ask the compiler to never inline a given function.
-# define GTEST_NO_INLINE_ __attribute__((noinline))
-#else
-# define GTEST_NO_INLINE_
-#endif
-
-// _LIBCPP_VERSION is defined by the libc++ library from the LLVM project.
-#if defined(__GLIBCXX__) || defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
-# define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 1
-#else
-# define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 0
-#endif
-
-// A function level attribute to disable checking for use of uninitialized
-// memory when built with MemorySanitizer.
-#if defined(__clang__)
-# if __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
-#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_ \
-       __attribute__((no_sanitize_memory))
-# else
-#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
-# endif  // __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
-#else
-# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
-#endif  // __clang__
-
-// A function level attribute to disable AddressSanitizer instrumentation.
-#if defined(__clang__)
-# if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
-#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_ \
-       __attribute__((no_sanitize_address))
-# else
-#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
-# endif  // __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
-#else
-# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
-#endif  // __clang__
-
-// A function level attribute to disable ThreadSanitizer instrumentation.
-#if defined(__clang__)
-# if __has_feature(thread_sanitizer)
-#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_ \
-       __attribute__((no_sanitize_thread))
-# else
-#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
-# endif  // __has_feature(thread_sanitizer)
-#else
-# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
-#endif  // __clang__
-
-namespace testing {
-
-class Message;
-
-// Import tuple and friends into the ::testing namespace.
-// It is part of our interface, having them in ::testing allows us to change
-// their types as needed.
-using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::get;
-using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::make_tuple;
-using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple;
-using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple_size;
-using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple_element;
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// A secret type that Google Test users don't know about.  It has no
-// definition on purpose.  Therefore it's impossible to create a
-// Secret object, which is what we want.
-class Secret;
-
-// The GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_ macro can be used to verify that a compile time
-// expression is true. For example, you could use it to verify the
-// size of a static array:
-//
-//   GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(names) == NUM_NAMES,
-//                         names_incorrect_size);
-//
-// or to make sure a struct is smaller than a certain size:
-//
-//   GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(sizeof(foo) < 128, foo_too_large);
-//
-// The second argument to the macro is the name of the variable. If
-// the expression is false, most compilers will issue a warning/error
-// containing the name of the variable.
-
-template <bool>
-struct CompileAssert {
-};
-
-#define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) \
-  typedef ::testing::internal::CompileAssert<(static_cast<bool>(expr))> \
-      msg[static_cast<bool>(expr) ? 1 : -1] GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
-
-// Implementation details of GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_:
-//
-// - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_ works by defining an array type that has -1
-//   elements (and thus is invalid) when the expression is false.
-//
-// - The simpler definition
-//
-//    #define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) typedef char msg[(expr) ? 1 : -1]
-//
-//   does not work, as gcc supports variable-length arrays whose sizes
-//   are determined at run-time (this is gcc's extension and not part
-//   of the C++ standard).  As a result, gcc fails to reject the
-//   following code with the simple definition:
-//
-//     int foo;
-//     GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(foo, msg); // not supposed to compile as foo is
-//                                      // not a compile-time constant.
-//
-// - By using the type CompileAssert<(bool(expr))>, we ensures that
-//   expr is a compile-time constant.  (Template arguments must be
-//   determined at compile-time.)
-//
-// - The outter parentheses in CompileAssert<(bool(expr))> are necessary
-//   to work around a bug in gcc 3.4.4 and 4.0.1.  If we had written
-//
-//     CompileAssert<bool(expr)>
-//
-//   instead, these compilers will refuse to compile
-//
-//     GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(5 > 0, some_message);
-//
-//   (They seem to think the ">" in "5 > 0" marks the end of the
-//   template argument list.)
-//
-// - The array size is (bool(expr) ? 1 : -1), instead of simply
-//
-//     ((expr) ? 1 : -1).
-//
-//   This is to avoid running into a bug in MS VC 7.1, which
-//   causes ((0.0) ? 1 : -1) to incorrectly evaluate to 1.
-
-// StaticAssertTypeEqHelper is used by StaticAssertTypeEq defined in gtest.h.
-//
-// This template is declared, but intentionally undefined.
-template <typename T1, typename T2>
-struct StaticAssertTypeEqHelper;
-
-template <typename T>
-struct StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<T, T> {};
-
-// Evaluates to the number of elements in 'array'.
-#define GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(array) (sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]))
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-typedef ::string string;
-#else
-typedef ::std::string string;
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-typedef ::wstring wstring;
-#elif GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-typedef ::std::wstring wstring;
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-
-// A helper for suppressing warnings on constant condition.  It just
-// returns 'condition'.
-GTEST_API_ bool IsTrue(bool condition);
-
-// Defines scoped_ptr.
-
-// This implementation of scoped_ptr is PARTIAL - it only contains
-// enough stuff to satisfy Google Test's need.
-template <typename T>
-class scoped_ptr {
- public:
-  typedef T element_type;
-
-  explicit scoped_ptr(T* p = NULL) : ptr_(p) {}
-  ~scoped_ptr() { reset(); }
-
-  T& operator*() const { return *ptr_; }
-  T* operator->() const { return ptr_; }
-  T* get() const { return ptr_; }
-
-  T* release() {
-    T* const ptr = ptr_;
-    ptr_ = NULL;
-    return ptr;
-  }
-
-  void reset(T* p = NULL) {
-    if (p != ptr_) {
-      if (IsTrue(sizeof(T) > 0)) {  // Makes sure T is a complete type.
-        delete ptr_;
-      }
-      ptr_ = p;
-    }
-  }
-
- private:
-  T* ptr_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(scoped_ptr);
-};
-
-// Defines RE.
-
-// A simple C++ wrapper for <regex.h>.  It uses the POSIX Extended
-// Regular Expression syntax.
-class GTEST_API_ RE {
- public:
-  // A copy constructor is required by the Standard to initialize object
-  // references from r-values.
-  RE(const RE& other) { Init(other.pattern()); }
-
-  // Constructs an RE from a string.
-  RE(const ::std::string& regex) { Init(regex.c_str()); }  // NOLINT
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-
-  RE(const ::string& regex) { Init(regex.c_str()); }  // NOLINT
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-
-  RE(const char* regex) { Init(regex); }  // NOLINT
-  ~RE();
-
-  // Returns the string representation of the regex.
-  const char* pattern() const { return pattern_; }
-
-  // FullMatch(str, re) returns true iff regular expression re matches
-  // the entire str.
-  // PartialMatch(str, re) returns true iff regular expression re
-  // matches a substring of str (including str itself).
-  //
-  // TODO(wan@google.com): make FullMatch() and PartialMatch() work
-  // when str contains NUL characters.
-  static bool FullMatch(const ::std::string& str, const RE& re) {
-    return FullMatch(str.c_str(), re);
-  }
-  static bool PartialMatch(const ::std::string& str, const RE& re) {
-    return PartialMatch(str.c_str(), re);
-  }
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-
-  static bool FullMatch(const ::string& str, const RE& re) {
-    return FullMatch(str.c_str(), re);
-  }
-  static bool PartialMatch(const ::string& str, const RE& re) {
-    return PartialMatch(str.c_str(), re);
-  }
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-
-  static bool FullMatch(const char* str, const RE& re);
-  static bool PartialMatch(const char* str, const RE& re);
-
- private:
-  void Init(const char* regex);
-
-  // We use a const char* instead of an std::string, as Google Test used to be
-  // used where std::string is not available.  TODO(wan@google.com): change to
-  // std::string.
-  const char* pattern_;
-  bool is_valid_;
-
-#if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
-
-  regex_t full_regex_;     // For FullMatch().
-  regex_t partial_regex_;  // For PartialMatch().
-
-#else  // GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
-
-  const char* full_pattern_;  // For FullMatch();
-
-#endif
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(RE);
-};
-
-// Formats a source file path and a line number as they would appear
-// in an error message from the compiler used to compile this code.
-GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatFileLocation(const char* file, int line);
-
-// Formats a file location for compiler-independent XML output.
-// Although this function is not platform dependent, we put it next to
-// FormatFileLocation in order to contrast the two functions.
-GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(const char* file,
-                                                               int line);
-
-// Defines logging utilities:
-//   GTEST_LOG_(severity) - logs messages at the specified severity level. The
-//                          message itself is streamed into the macro.
-//   LogToStderr()  - directs all log messages to stderr.
-//   FlushInfoLog() - flushes informational log messages.
-
-enum GTestLogSeverity {
-  GTEST_INFO,
-  GTEST_WARNING,
-  GTEST_ERROR,
-  GTEST_FATAL
-};
-
-// Formats log entry severity, provides a stream object for streaming the
-// log message, and terminates the message with a newline when going out of
-// scope.
-class GTEST_API_ GTestLog {
- public:
-  GTestLog(GTestLogSeverity severity, const char* file, int line);
-
-  // Flushes the buffers and, if severity is GTEST_FATAL, aborts the program.
-  ~GTestLog();
-
-  ::std::ostream& GetStream() { return ::std::cerr; }
-
- private:
-  const GTestLogSeverity severity_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(GTestLog);
-};
-
-#define GTEST_LOG_(severity) \
-    ::testing::internal::GTestLog(::testing::internal::GTEST_##severity, \
-                                  __FILE__, __LINE__).GetStream()
-
-inline void LogToStderr() {}
-inline void FlushInfoLog() { fflush(NULL); }
-
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE.
-//
-// GTEST_CHECK_ is an all-mode assert. It aborts the program if the condition
-// is not satisfied.
-//  Synopsys:
-//    GTEST_CHECK_(boolean_condition);
-//     or
-//    GTEST_CHECK_(boolean_condition) << "Additional message";
-//
-//    This checks the condition and if the condition is not satisfied
-//    it prints message about the condition violation, including the
-//    condition itself, plus additional message streamed into it, if any,
-//    and then it aborts the program. It aborts the program irrespective of
-//    whether it is built in the debug mode or not.
-#define GTEST_CHECK_(condition) \
-    GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
-    if (::testing::internal::IsTrue(condition)) \
-      ; \
-    else \
-      GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Condition " #condition " failed. "
-
-// An all-mode assert to verify that the given POSIX-style function
-// call returns 0 (indicating success).  Known limitation: this
-// doesn't expand to a balanced 'if' statement, so enclose the macro
-// in {} if you need to use it as the only statement in an 'if'
-// branch.
-#define GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(posix_call) \
-  if (const int gtest_error = (posix_call)) \
-    GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << #posix_call << "failed with error " \
-                      << gtest_error
-
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
-//
-// Use ImplicitCast_ as a safe version of static_cast for upcasting in
-// the type hierarchy (e.g. casting a Foo* to a SuperclassOfFoo* or a
-// const Foo*).  When you use ImplicitCast_, the compiler checks that
-// the cast is safe.  Such explicit ImplicitCast_s are necessary in
-// surprisingly many situations where C++ demands an exact type match
-// instead of an argument type convertable to a target type.
-//
-// The syntax for using ImplicitCast_ is the same as for static_cast:
-//
-//   ImplicitCast_<ToType>(expr)
-//
-// ImplicitCast_ would have been part of the C++ standard library,
-// but the proposal was submitted too late.  It will probably make
-// its way into the language in the future.
-//
-// This relatively ugly name is intentional. It prevents clashes with
-// similar functions users may have (e.g., implicit_cast). The internal
-// namespace alone is not enough because the function can be found by ADL.
-template<typename To>
-inline To ImplicitCast_(To x) { return x; }
-
-// When you upcast (that is, cast a pointer from type Foo to type
-// SuperclassOfFoo), it's fine to use ImplicitCast_<>, since upcasts
-// always succeed.  When you downcast (that is, cast a pointer from
-// type Foo to type SubclassOfFoo), static_cast<> isn't safe, because
-// how do you know the pointer is really of type SubclassOfFoo?  It
-// could be a bare Foo, or of type DifferentSubclassOfFoo.  Thus,
-// when you downcast, you should use this macro.  In debug mode, we
-// use dynamic_cast<> to double-check the downcast is legal (we die
-// if it's not).  In normal mode, we do the efficient static_cast<>
-// instead.  Thus, it's important to test in debug mode to make sure
-// the cast is legal!
-//    This is the only place in the code we should use dynamic_cast<>.
-// In particular, you SHOULDN'T be using dynamic_cast<> in order to
-// do RTTI (eg code like this:
-//    if (dynamic_cast<Subclass1>(foo)) HandleASubclass1Object(foo);
-//    if (dynamic_cast<Subclass2>(foo)) HandleASubclass2Object(foo);
-// You should design the code some other way not to need this.
-//
-// This relatively ugly name is intentional. It prevents clashes with
-// similar functions users may have (e.g., down_cast). The internal
-// namespace alone is not enough because the function can be found by ADL.
-template<typename To, typename From>  // use like this: DownCast_<T*>(foo);
-inline To DownCast_(From* f) {  // so we only accept pointers
-  // Ensures that To is a sub-type of From *.  This test is here only
-  // for compile-time type checking, and has no overhead in an
-  // optimized build at run-time, as it will be optimized away
-  // completely.
-  GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_
-  if (false) {
-  GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_
-    const To to = NULL;
-    ::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_<From*>(to);
-  }
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
-  // RTTI: debug mode only!
-  GTEST_CHECK_(f == NULL || dynamic_cast<To>(f) != NULL);
-#endif
-  return static_cast<To>(f);
-}
-
-// Downcasts the pointer of type Base to Derived.
-// Derived must be a subclass of Base. The parameter MUST
-// point to a class of type Derived, not any subclass of it.
-// When RTTI is available, the function performs a runtime
-// check to enforce this.
-template <class Derived, class Base>
-Derived* CheckedDowncastToActualType(Base* base) {
-#if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
-  GTEST_CHECK_(typeid(*base) == typeid(Derived));
-  return dynamic_cast<Derived*>(base);  // NOLINT
-#else
-  return static_cast<Derived*>(base);  // Poor man's downcast.
-#endif
-}
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
-
-// Defines the stderr capturer:
-//   CaptureStdout     - starts capturing stdout.
-//   GetCapturedStdout - stops capturing stdout and returns the captured string.
-//   CaptureStderr     - starts capturing stderr.
-//   GetCapturedStderr - stops capturing stderr and returns the captured string.
-//
-GTEST_API_ void CaptureStdout();
-GTEST_API_ std::string GetCapturedStdout();
-GTEST_API_ void CaptureStderr();
-GTEST_API_ std::string GetCapturedStderr();
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
-
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetInjectableArgvs();
-void SetInjectableArgvs(const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>*
-                             new_argvs);
-
-// A copy of all command line arguments.  Set by InitGoogleTest().
-extern ::std::vector<testing::internal::string> g_argvs;
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-// Defines synchronization primitives.
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
-# if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
-// Sleeps for (roughly) n milliseconds.  This function is only for testing
-// Google Test's own constructs.  Don't use it in user tests, either
-// directly or indirectly.
-inline void SleepMilliseconds(int n) {
-  const timespec time = {
-    0,                  // 0 seconds.
-    n * 1000L * 1000L,  // And n ms.
-  };
-  nanosleep(&time, NULL);
-}
-# endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
-
-# if 0  // OS detection
-# elif GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
-// Allows a controller thread to pause execution of newly created
-// threads until notified.  Instances of this class must be created
-// and destroyed in the controller thread.
-//
-// This class is only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do not
-// use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
-class Notification {
- public:
-  Notification() : notified_(false) {
-    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_init(&mutex_, NULL));
-  }
-  ~Notification() {
-    pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex_);
-  }
-
-  // Notifies all threads created with this notification to start. Must
-  // be called from the controller thread.
-  void Notify() {
-    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_);
-    notified_ = true;
-    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_);
-  }
-
-  // Blocks until the controller thread notifies. Must be called from a test
-  // thread.
-  void WaitForNotification() {
-    for (;;) {
-      pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_);
-      const bool notified = notified_;
-      pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_);
-      if (notified)
-        break;
-      SleepMilliseconds(10);
-    }
-  }
-
- private:
-  pthread_mutex_t mutex_;
-  bool notified_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Notification);
-};
-
-# elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-GTEST_API_ void SleepMilliseconds(int n);
-
-// Provides leak-safe Windows kernel handle ownership.
-// Used in death tests and in threading support.
-class GTEST_API_ AutoHandle {
- public:
-  // Assume that Win32 HANDLE type is equivalent to void*. Doing so allows us to
-  // avoid including <windows.h> in this header file. Including <windows.h> is
-  // undesirable because it defines a lot of symbols and macros that tend to
-  // conflict with client code. This assumption is verified by
-  // WindowsTypesTest.HANDLEIsVoidStar.
-  typedef void* Handle;
-  AutoHandle();
-  explicit AutoHandle(Handle handle);
-
-  ~AutoHandle();
-
-  Handle Get() const;
-  void Reset();
-  void Reset(Handle handle);
-
- private:
-  // Returns true iff the handle is a valid handle object that can be closed.
-  bool IsCloseable() const;
-
-  Handle handle_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AutoHandle);
-};
-
-// Allows a controller thread to pause execution of newly created
-// threads until notified.  Instances of this class must be created
-// and destroyed in the controller thread.
-//
-// This class is only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do not
-// use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
-class GTEST_API_ Notification {
- public:
-  Notification();
-  void Notify();
-  void WaitForNotification();
-
- private:
-  AutoHandle event_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Notification);
-};
-# endif  // OS detection
-
-// On MinGW, we can have both GTEST_OS_WINDOWS and GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
-// defined, but we don't want to use MinGW's pthreads implementation, which
-// has conformance problems with some versions of the POSIX standard.
-# if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
-
-// As a C-function, ThreadFuncWithCLinkage cannot be templated itself.
-// Consequently, it cannot select a correct instantiation of ThreadWithParam
-// in order to call its Run(). Introducing ThreadWithParamBase as a
-// non-templated base class for ThreadWithParam allows us to bypass this
-// problem.
-class ThreadWithParamBase {
- public:
-  virtual ~ThreadWithParamBase() {}
-  virtual void Run() = 0;
-};
-
-// pthread_create() accepts a pointer to a function type with the C linkage.
-// According to the Standard (7.5/1), function types with different linkages
-// are different even if they are otherwise identical.  Some compilers (for
-// example, SunStudio) treat them as different types.  Since class methods
-// cannot be defined with C-linkage we need to define a free C-function to
-// pass into pthread_create().
-extern "C" inline void* ThreadFuncWithCLinkage(void* thread) {
-  static_cast<ThreadWithParamBase*>(thread)->Run();
-  return NULL;
-}
-
-// Helper class for testing Google Test's multi-threading constructs.
-// To use it, write:
-//
-//   void ThreadFunc(int param) { /* Do things with param */ }
-//   Notification thread_can_start;
-//   ...
-//   // The thread_can_start parameter is optional; you can supply NULL.
-//   ThreadWithParam<int> thread(&ThreadFunc, 5, &thread_can_start);
-//   thread_can_start.Notify();
-//
-// These classes are only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do
-// not use them in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
-template <typename T>
-class ThreadWithParam : public ThreadWithParamBase {
- public:
-  typedef void UserThreadFunc(T);
-
-  ThreadWithParam(UserThreadFunc* func, T param, Notification* thread_can_start)
-      : func_(func),
-        param_(param),
-        thread_can_start_(thread_can_start),
-        finished_(false) {
-    ThreadWithParamBase* const base = this;
-    // The thread can be created only after all fields except thread_
-    // have been initialized.
-    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(
-        pthread_create(&thread_, 0, &ThreadFuncWithCLinkage, base));
-  }
-  ~ThreadWithParam() { Join(); }
-
-  void Join() {
-    if (!finished_) {
-      GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_join(thread_, 0));
-      finished_ = true;
-    }
-  }
-
-  virtual void Run() {
-    if (thread_can_start_ != NULL)
-      thread_can_start_->WaitForNotification();
-    func_(param_);
-  }
-
- private:
-  UserThreadFunc* const func_;  // User-supplied thread function.
-  const T param_;  // User-supplied parameter to the thread function.
-  // When non-NULL, used to block execution until the controller thread
-  // notifies.
-  Notification* const thread_can_start_;
-  bool finished_;  // true iff we know that the thread function has finished.
-  pthread_t thread_;  // The native thread object.
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParam);
-};
-# endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
-
-# if 0  // OS detection
-# elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-// Mutex implements mutex on Windows platforms.  It is used in conjunction
-// with class MutexLock:
-//
-//   Mutex mutex;
-//   ...
-//   MutexLock lock(&mutex);  // Acquires the mutex and releases it at the
-//                            // end of the current scope.
-//
-// A static Mutex *must* be defined or declared using one of the following
-// macros:
-//   GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_some_mutex);
-//   GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_some_mutex);
-//
-// (A non-static Mutex is defined/declared in the usual way).
-class GTEST_API_ Mutex {
- public:
-  enum MutexType { kStatic = 0, kDynamic = 1 };
-  // We rely on kStaticMutex being 0 as it is to what the linker initializes
-  // type_ in static mutexes.  critical_section_ will be initialized lazily
-  // in ThreadSafeLazyInit().
-  enum StaticConstructorSelector { kStaticMutex = 0 };
-
-  // This constructor intentionally does nothing.  It relies on type_ being
-  // statically initialized to 0 (effectively setting it to kStatic) and on
-  // ThreadSafeLazyInit() to lazily initialize the rest of the members.
-  explicit Mutex(StaticConstructorSelector /*dummy*/) {}
-
-  Mutex();
-  ~Mutex();
-
-  void Lock();
-
-  void Unlock();
-
-  // Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
-  // with high probability.
-  void AssertHeld();
-
- private:
-  // Initializes owner_thread_id_ and critical_section_ in static mutexes.
-  void ThreadSafeLazyInit();
-
-  // Per http://blogs.msdn.com/b/oldnewthing/archive/2004/02/23/78395.aspx,
-  // we assume that 0 is an invalid value for thread IDs.
-  unsigned int owner_thread_id_;
-
-  // For static mutexes, we rely on these members being initialized to zeros
-  // by the linker.
-  MutexType type_;
-  long critical_section_init_phase_;  // NOLINT
-  _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION* critical_section_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Mutex);
-};
-
-# define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
-    extern ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex
-
-# define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
-    ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex(::testing::internal::Mutex::kStaticMutex)
-
-// We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
-// conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
-// platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
-// inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
-// "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
-class GTestMutexLock {
- public:
-  explicit GTestMutexLock(Mutex* mutex)
-      : mutex_(mutex) { mutex_->Lock(); }
-
-  ~GTestMutexLock() { mutex_->Unlock(); }
-
- private:
-  Mutex* const mutex_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(GTestMutexLock);
-};
-
-typedef GTestMutexLock MutexLock;
-
-// Base class for ValueHolder<T>.  Allows a caller to hold and delete a value
-// without knowing its type.
-class ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
- public:
-  virtual ~ThreadLocalValueHolderBase() {}
-};
-
-// Provides a way for a thread to send notifications to a ThreadLocal
-// regardless of its parameter type.
-class ThreadLocalBase {
- public:
-  // Creates a new ValueHolder<T> object holding a default value passed to
-  // this ThreadLocal<T>'s constructor and returns it.  It is the caller's
-  // responsibility not to call this when the ThreadLocal<T> instance already
-  // has a value on the current thread.
-  virtual ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* NewValueForCurrentThread() const = 0;
-
- protected:
-  ThreadLocalBase() {}
-  virtual ~ThreadLocalBase() {}
-
- private:
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocalBase);
-};
-
-// Maps a thread to a set of ThreadLocals that have values instantiated on that
-// thread and notifies them when the thread exits.  A ThreadLocal instance is
-// expected to persist until all threads it has values on have terminated.
-class GTEST_API_ ThreadLocalRegistry {
- public:
-  // Registers thread_local_instance as having value on the current thread.
-  // Returns a value that can be used to identify the thread from other threads.
-  static ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* GetValueOnCurrentThread(
-      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance);
-
-  // Invoked when a ThreadLocal instance is destroyed.
-  static void OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
-      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance);
-};
-
-class GTEST_API_ ThreadWithParamBase {
- public:
-  void Join();
-
- protected:
-  class Runnable {
-   public:
-    virtual ~Runnable() {}
-    virtual void Run() = 0;
-  };
-
-  ThreadWithParamBase(Runnable *runnable, Notification* thread_can_start);
-  virtual ~ThreadWithParamBase();
-
- private:
-  AutoHandle thread_;
-};
-
-// Helper class for testing Google Test's multi-threading constructs.
-template <typename T>
-class ThreadWithParam : public ThreadWithParamBase {
- public:
-  typedef void UserThreadFunc(T);
-
-  ThreadWithParam(UserThreadFunc* func, T param, Notification* thread_can_start)
-      : ThreadWithParamBase(new RunnableImpl(func, param), thread_can_start) {
-  }
-  virtual ~ThreadWithParam() {}
-
- private:
-  class RunnableImpl : public Runnable {
-   public:
-    RunnableImpl(UserThreadFunc* func, T param)
-        : func_(func),
-          param_(param) {
-    }
-    virtual ~RunnableImpl() {}
-    virtual void Run() {
-      func_(param_);
-    }
-
-   private:
-    UserThreadFunc* const func_;
-    const T param_;
-
-    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(RunnableImpl);
-  };
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParam);
-};
-
-// Implements thread-local storage on Windows systems.
-//
-//   // Thread 1
-//   ThreadLocal<int> tl(100);  // 100 is the default value for each thread.
-//
-//   // Thread 2
-//   tl.set(150);  // Changes the value for thread 2 only.
-//   EXPECT_EQ(150, tl.get());
-//
-//   // Thread 1
-//   EXPECT_EQ(100, tl.get());  // In thread 1, tl has the original value.
-//   tl.set(200);
-//   EXPECT_EQ(200, tl.get());
-//
-// The template type argument T must have a public copy constructor.
-// In addition, the default ThreadLocal constructor requires T to have
-// a public default constructor.
-//
-// The users of a TheadLocal instance have to make sure that all but one
-// threads (including the main one) using that instance have exited before
-// destroying it. Otherwise, the per-thread objects managed for them by the
-// ThreadLocal instance are not guaranteed to be destroyed on all platforms.
-//
-// Google Test only uses global ThreadLocal objects.  That means they
-// will die after main() has returned.  Therefore, no per-thread
-// object managed by Google Test will be leaked as long as all threads
-// using Google Test have exited when main() returns.
-template <typename T>
-class ThreadLocal : public ThreadLocalBase {
- public:
-  ThreadLocal() : default_() {}
-  explicit ThreadLocal(const T& value) : default_(value) {}
-
-  ~ThreadLocal() { ThreadLocalRegistry::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(this); }
-
-  T* pointer() { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
-  const T* pointer() const { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
-  const T& get() const { return *pointer(); }
-  void set(const T& value) { *pointer() = value; }
-
- private:
-  // Holds a value of T.  Can be deleted via its base class without the caller
-  // knowing the type of T.
-  class ValueHolder : public ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
-   public:
-    explicit ValueHolder(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
-
-    T* pointer() { return &value_; }
-
-   private:
-    T value_;
-    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ValueHolder);
-  };
-
-
-  T* GetOrCreateValue() const {
-    return static_cast<ValueHolder*>(
-        ThreadLocalRegistry::GetValueOnCurrentThread(this))->pointer();
-  }
-
-  virtual ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* NewValueForCurrentThread() const {
-    return new ValueHolder(default_);
-  }
-
-  const T default_;  // The default value for each thread.
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocal);
-};
-
-# elif GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
-
-// MutexBase and Mutex implement mutex on pthreads-based platforms.
-class MutexBase {
- public:
-  // Acquires this mutex.
-  void Lock() {
-    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_));
-    owner_ = pthread_self();
-    has_owner_ = true;
-  }
-
-  // Releases this mutex.
-  void Unlock() {
-    // Since the lock is being released the owner_ field should no longer be
-    // considered valid. We don't protect writing to has_owner_ here, as it's
-    // the caller's responsibility to ensure that the current thread holds the
-    // mutex when this is called.
-    has_owner_ = false;
-    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_));
-  }
-
-  // Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
-  // with high probability.
-  void AssertHeld() const {
-    GTEST_CHECK_(has_owner_ && pthread_equal(owner_, pthread_self()))
-        << "The current thread is not holding the mutex @" << this;
-  }
-
-  // A static mutex may be used before main() is entered.  It may even
-  // be used before the dynamic initialization stage.  Therefore we
-  // must be able to initialize a static mutex object at link time.
-  // This means MutexBase has to be a POD and its member variables
-  // have to be public.
- public:
-  pthread_mutex_t mutex_;  // The underlying pthread mutex.
-  // has_owner_ indicates whether the owner_ field below contains a valid thread
-  // ID and is therefore safe to inspect (e.g., to use in pthread_equal()). All
-  // accesses to the owner_ field should be protected by a check of this field.
-  // An alternative might be to memset() owner_ to all zeros, but there's no
-  // guarantee that a zero'd pthread_t is necessarily invalid or even different
-  // from pthread_self().
-  bool has_owner_;
-  pthread_t owner_;  // The thread holding the mutex.
-};
-
-// Forward-declares a static mutex.
-#  define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
-     extern ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex
-
-// Defines and statically (i.e. at link time) initializes a static mutex.
-// The initialization list here does not explicitly initialize each field,
-// instead relying on default initialization for the unspecified fields. In
-// particular, the owner_ field (a pthread_t) is not explicitly initialized.
-// This allows initialization to work whether pthread_t is a scalar or struct.
-// The flag -Wmissing-field-initializers must not be specified for this to work.
-#  define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
-     ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex = { PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, false }
-
-// The Mutex class can only be used for mutexes created at runtime. It
-// shares its API with MutexBase otherwise.
-class Mutex : public MutexBase {
- public:
-  Mutex() {
-    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_init(&mutex_, NULL));
-    has_owner_ = false;
-  }
-  ~Mutex() {
-    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex_));
-  }
-
- private:
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Mutex);
-};
-
-// We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
-// conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
-// platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
-// inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
-// "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
-class GTestMutexLock {
- public:
-  explicit GTestMutexLock(MutexBase* mutex)
-      : mutex_(mutex) { mutex_->Lock(); }
-
-  ~GTestMutexLock() { mutex_->Unlock(); }
-
- private:
-  MutexBase* const mutex_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(GTestMutexLock);
-};
-
-typedef GTestMutexLock MutexLock;
-
-// Helpers for ThreadLocal.
-
-// pthread_key_create() requires DeleteThreadLocalValue() to have
-// C-linkage.  Therefore it cannot be templatized to access
-// ThreadLocal<T>.  Hence the need for class
-// ThreadLocalValueHolderBase.
-class ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
- public:
-  virtual ~ThreadLocalValueHolderBase() {}
-};
-
-// Called by pthread to delete thread-local data stored by
-// pthread_setspecific().
-extern "C" inline void DeleteThreadLocalValue(void* value_holder) {
-  delete static_cast<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase*>(value_holder);
-}
-
-// Implements thread-local storage on pthreads-based systems.
-template <typename T>
-class ThreadLocal {
- public:
-  ThreadLocal() : key_(CreateKey()),
-                  default_() {}
-  explicit ThreadLocal(const T& value) : key_(CreateKey()),
-                                         default_(value) {}
-
-  ~ThreadLocal() {
-    // Destroys the managed object for the current thread, if any.
-    DeleteThreadLocalValue(pthread_getspecific(key_));
-
-    // Releases resources associated with the key.  This will *not*
-    // delete managed objects for other threads.
-    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_key_delete(key_));
-  }
-
-  T* pointer() { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
-  const T* pointer() const { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
-  const T& get() const { return *pointer(); }
-  void set(const T& value) { *pointer() = value; }
-
- private:
-  // Holds a value of type T.
-  class ValueHolder : public ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
-   public:
-    explicit ValueHolder(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
-
-    T* pointer() { return &value_; }
-
-   private:
-    T value_;
-    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ValueHolder);
-  };
-
-  static pthread_key_t CreateKey() {
-    pthread_key_t key;
-    // When a thread exits, DeleteThreadLocalValue() will be called on
-    // the object managed for that thread.
-    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(
-        pthread_key_create(&key, &DeleteThreadLocalValue));
-    return key;
-  }
-
-  T* GetOrCreateValue() const {
-    ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* const holder =
-        static_cast<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase*>(pthread_getspecific(key_));
-    if (holder != NULL) {
-      return CheckedDowncastToActualType<ValueHolder>(holder)->pointer();
-    }
-
-    ValueHolder* const new_holder = new ValueHolder(default_);
-    ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* const holder_base = new_holder;
-    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_setspecific(key_, holder_base));
-    return new_holder->pointer();
-  }
-
-  // A key pthreads uses for looking up per-thread values.
-  const pthread_key_t key_;
-  const T default_;  // The default value for each thread.
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocal);
-};
-
-# endif  // OS detection
-
-#else  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
-
-// A dummy implementation of synchronization primitives (mutex, lock,
-// and thread-local variable).  Necessary for compiling Google Test where
-// mutex is not supported - using Google Test in multiple threads is not
-// supported on such platforms.
-
-class Mutex {
- public:
-  Mutex() {}
-  void Lock() {}
-  void Unlock() {}
-  void AssertHeld() const {}
-};
-
-# define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
-  extern ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex
-
-# define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex
-
-// We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
-// conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
-// platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
-// inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
-// "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
-class GTestMutexLock {
- public:
-  explicit GTestMutexLock(Mutex*) {}  // NOLINT
-};
-
-typedef GTestMutexLock MutexLock;
-
-template <typename T>
-class ThreadLocal {
- public:
-  ThreadLocal() : value_() {}
-  explicit ThreadLocal(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
-  T* pointer() { return &value_; }
-  const T* pointer() const { return &value_; }
-  const T& get() const { return value_; }
-  void set(const T& value) { value_ = value; }
- private:
-  T value_;
-};
-
-#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
-
-// Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
-// we cannot detect it.
-GTEST_API_ size_t GetThreadCount();
-
-// Passing non-POD classes through ellipsis (...) crashes the ARM
-// compiler and generates a warning in Sun Studio.  The Nokia Symbian
-// and the IBM XL C/C++ compiler try to instantiate a copy constructor
-// for objects passed through ellipsis (...), failing for uncopyable
-// objects.  We define this to ensure that only POD is passed through
-// ellipsis on these systems.
-#if defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || defined(__IBMCPP__) || defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
-// We lose support for NULL detection where the compiler doesn't like
-// passing non-POD classes through ellipsis (...).
-# define GTEST_ELLIPSIS_NEEDS_POD_ 1
-#else
-# define GTEST_CAN_COMPARE_NULL 1
-#endif
-
-// The Nokia Symbian and IBM XL C/C++ compilers cannot decide between
-// const T& and const T* in a function template.  These compilers
-// _can_ decide between class template specializations for T and T*,
-// so a tr1::type_traits-like is_pointer works.
-#if defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || defined(__IBMCPP__)
-# define GTEST_NEEDS_IS_POINTER_ 1
-#endif
-
-template <bool bool_value>
-struct bool_constant {
-  typedef bool_constant<bool_value> type;
-  static const bool value = bool_value;
-};
-template <bool bool_value> const bool bool_constant<bool_value>::value;
-
-typedef bool_constant<false> false_type;
-typedef bool_constant<true> true_type;
-
-template <typename T>
-struct is_pointer : public false_type {};
-
-template <typename T>
-struct is_pointer<T*> : public true_type {};
-
-template <typename Iterator>
-struct IteratorTraits {
-  typedef typename Iterator::value_type value_type;
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-struct IteratorTraits<T*> {
-  typedef T value_type;
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-struct IteratorTraits<const T*> {
-  typedef T value_type;
-};
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-# define GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "\\"
-# define GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_ 1
-// The biggest signed integer type the compiler supports.
-typedef __int64 BiggestInt;
-#else
-# define GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "/"
-# define GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_ 0
-typedef long long BiggestInt;  // NOLINT
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-// Utilities for char.
-
-// isspace(int ch) and friends accept an unsigned char or EOF.  char
-// may be signed, depending on the compiler (or compiler flags).
-// Therefore we need to cast a char to unsigned char before calling
-// isspace(), etc.
-
-inline bool IsAlpha(char ch) {
-  return isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
-}
-inline bool IsAlNum(char ch) {
-  return isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
-}
-inline bool IsDigit(char ch) {
-  return isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
-}
-inline bool IsLower(char ch) {
-  return islower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
-}
-inline bool IsSpace(char ch) {
-  return isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
-}
-inline bool IsUpper(char ch) {
-  return isupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
-}
-inline bool IsXDigit(char ch) {
-  return isxdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
-}
-inline bool IsXDigit(wchar_t ch) {
-  const unsigned char low_byte = static_cast<unsigned char>(ch);
-  return ch == low_byte && isxdigit(low_byte) != 0;
-}
-
-inline char ToLower(char ch) {
-  return static_cast<char>(tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
-}
-inline char ToUpper(char ch) {
-  return static_cast<char>(toupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
-}
-
-// The testing::internal::posix namespace holds wrappers for common
-// POSIX functions.  These wrappers hide the differences between
-// Windows/MSVC and POSIX systems.  Since some compilers define these
-// standard functions as macros, the wrapper cannot have the same name
-// as the wrapped function.
-
-namespace posix {
-
-// Functions with a different name on Windows.
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-typedef struct _stat StatStruct;
-
-# ifdef __BORLANDC__
-inline int IsATTY(int fd) { return isatty(fd); }
-inline int StrCaseCmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
-  return stricmp(s1, s2);
-}
-inline char* StrDup(const char* src) { return strdup(src); }
-# else  // !__BORLANDC__
-#  if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-inline int IsATTY(int /* fd */) { return 0; }
-#  else
-inline int IsATTY(int fd) { return _isatty(fd); }
-#  endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-inline int StrCaseCmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
-  return _stricmp(s1, s2);
-}
-inline char* StrDup(const char* src) { return _strdup(src); }
-# endif  // __BORLANDC__
-
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-inline int FileNo(FILE* file) { return reinterpret_cast<int>(_fileno(file)); }
-// Stat(), RmDir(), and IsDir() are not needed on Windows CE at this
-// time and thus not defined there.
-# else
-inline int FileNo(FILE* file) { return _fileno(file); }
-inline int Stat(const char* path, StatStruct* buf) { return _stat(path, buf); }
-inline int RmDir(const char* dir) { return _rmdir(dir); }
-inline bool IsDir(const StatStruct& st) {
-  return (_S_IFDIR & st.st_mode) != 0;
-}
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-
-#else
-
-typedef struct stat StatStruct;
-
-inline int FileNo(FILE* file) { return fileno(file); }
-inline int IsATTY(int fd) { return isatty(fd); }
-inline int Stat(const char* path, StatStruct* buf) { return stat(path, buf); }
-inline int StrCaseCmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
-  return strcasecmp(s1, s2);
-}
-inline char* StrDup(const char* src) { return strdup(src); }
-inline int RmDir(const char* dir) { return rmdir(dir); }
-inline bool IsDir(const StatStruct& st) { return S_ISDIR(st.st_mode); }
-
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-// Functions deprecated by MSVC 8.0.
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-// Temporarily disable warning 4996 (deprecated function).
-# pragma warning(push)
-# pragma warning(disable:4996)
-#endif
-
-inline const char* StrNCpy(char* dest, const char* src, size_t n) {
-  return strncpy(dest, src, n);
-}
-
-// ChDir(), FReopen(), FDOpen(), Read(), Write(), Close(), and
-// StrError() aren't needed on Windows CE at this time and thus not
-// defined there.
-
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-inline int ChDir(const char* dir) { return chdir(dir); }
-#endif
-inline FILE* FOpen(const char* path, const char* mode) {
-  return fopen(path, mode);
-}
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-inline FILE *FReopen(const char* path, const char* mode, FILE* stream) {
-  return freopen(path, mode, stream);
-}
-inline FILE* FDOpen(int fd, const char* mode) { return fdopen(fd, mode); }
-#endif
-inline int FClose(FILE* fp) { return fclose(fp); }
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-inline int Read(int fd, void* buf, unsigned int count) {
-  return static_cast<int>(read(fd, buf, count));
-}
-inline int Write(int fd, const void* buf, unsigned int count) {
-  return static_cast<int>(write(fd, buf, count));
-}
-inline int Close(int fd) { return close(fd); }
-inline const char* StrError(int errnum) { return strerror(errnum); }
-#endif
-inline const char* GetEnv(const char* name) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-  // We are on Windows CE, which has no environment variables.
-  return NULL;
-#elif defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__SunOS_5_8) || defined(__SunOS_5_9)
-  // Environment variables which we programmatically clear will be set to the
-  // empty string rather than unset (NULL).  Handle that case.
-  const char* const env = getenv(name);
-  return (env != NULL && env[0] != '\0') ? env : NULL;
-#else
-  return getenv(name);
-#endif
-}
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(pop)  // Restores the warning state.
-#endif
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-// Windows CE has no C library. The abort() function is used in
-// several places in Google Test. This implementation provides a reasonable
-// imitation of standard behaviour.
-void Abort();
-#else
-inline void Abort() { abort(); }
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-
-}  // namespace posix
-
-// MSVC "deprecates" snprintf and issues warnings wherever it is used.  In
-// order to avoid these warnings, we need to use _snprintf or _snprintf_s on
-// MSVC-based platforms.  We map the GTEST_SNPRINTF_ macro to the appropriate
-// function in order to achieve that.  We use macro definition here because
-// snprintf is a variadic function.
-#if _MSC_VER >= 1400 && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-// MSVC 2005 and above support variadic macros.
-# define GTEST_SNPRINTF_(buffer, size, format, ...) \
-     _snprintf_s(buffer, size, size, format, __VA_ARGS__)
-#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
-// Windows CE does not define _snprintf_s and MSVC prior to 2005 doesn't
-// complain about _snprintf.
-# define GTEST_SNPRINTF_ _snprintf
-#else
-# define GTEST_SNPRINTF_ snprintf
-#endif
-
-// The maximum number a BiggestInt can represent.  This definition
-// works no matter BiggestInt is represented in one's complement or
-// two's complement.
-//
-// We cannot rely on numeric_limits in STL, as __int64 and long long
-// are not part of standard C++ and numeric_limits doesn't need to be
-// defined for them.
-const BiggestInt kMaxBiggestInt =
-    ~(static_cast<BiggestInt>(1) << (8*sizeof(BiggestInt) - 1));
-
-// This template class serves as a compile-time function from size to
-// type.  It maps a size in bytes to a primitive type with that
-// size. e.g.
-//
-//   TypeWithSize<4>::UInt
-//
-// is typedef-ed to be unsigned int (unsigned integer made up of 4
-// bytes).
-//
-// Such functionality should belong to STL, but I cannot find it
-// there.
-//
-// Google Test uses this class in the implementation of floating-point
-// comparison.
-//
-// For now it only handles UInt (unsigned int) as that's all Google Test
-// needs.  Other types can be easily added in the future if need
-// arises.
-template <size_t size>
-class TypeWithSize {
- public:
-  // This prevents the user from using TypeWithSize<N> with incorrect
-  // values of N.
-  typedef void UInt;
-};
-
-// The specialization for size 4.
-template <>
-class TypeWithSize<4> {
- public:
-  // unsigned int has size 4 in both gcc and MSVC.
-  //
-  // As base/basictypes.h doesn't compile on Windows, we cannot use
-  // uint32, uint64, and etc here.
-  typedef int Int;
-  typedef unsigned int UInt;
-};
-
-// The specialization for size 8.
-template <>
-class TypeWithSize<8> {
- public:
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-  typedef __int64 Int;
-  typedef unsigned __int64 UInt;
-#else
-  typedef long long Int;  // NOLINT
-  typedef unsigned long long UInt;  // NOLINT
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-};
-
-// Integer types of known sizes.
-typedef TypeWithSize<4>::Int Int32;
-typedef TypeWithSize<4>::UInt UInt32;
-typedef TypeWithSize<8>::Int Int64;
-typedef TypeWithSize<8>::UInt UInt64;
-typedef TypeWithSize<8>::Int TimeInMillis;  // Represents time in milliseconds.
-
-// Utilities for command line flags and environment variables.
-
-// Macro for referencing flags.
-#define GTEST_FLAG(name) FLAGS_gtest_##name
-
-// Macros for declaring flags.
-#define GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(name) GTEST_API_ extern bool GTEST_FLAG(name)
-#define GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(name) \
-    GTEST_API_ extern ::testing::internal::Int32 GTEST_FLAG(name)
-#define GTEST_DECLARE_string_(name) \
-    GTEST_API_ extern ::std::string GTEST_FLAG(name)
-
-// Macros for defining flags.
-#define GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(name, default_val, doc) \
-    GTEST_API_ bool GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
-#define GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(name, default_val, doc) \
-    GTEST_API_ ::testing::internal::Int32 GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
-#define GTEST_DEFINE_string_(name, default_val, doc) \
-    GTEST_API_ ::std::string GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
-
-// Thread annotations
-#define GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(locks)
-#define GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(locks)
-
-// Parses 'str' for a 32-bit signed integer.  If successful, writes the result
-// to *value and returns true; otherwise leaves *value unchanged and returns
-// false.
-// TODO(chandlerc): Find a better way to refactor flag and environment parsing
-// out of both gtest-port.cc and gtest.cc to avoid exporting this utility
-// function.
-bool ParseInt32(const Message& src_text, const char* str, Int32* value);
-
-// Parses a bool/Int32/string from the environment variable
-// corresponding to the given Google Test flag.
-bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_val);
-GTEST_API_ Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_val);
-const char* StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_val);
-
-}  // namespace internal
-}  // namespace testing
-
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
-
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
-# include <stdlib.h>
-# include <sys/types.h>
-# include <sys/wait.h>
-# include <unistd.h>
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-# include <stdexcept>
-#endif
-
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <float.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <iomanip>
-#include <limits>
-#include <set>
-
-// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-//
-// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
-//
-// This header file defines the Message class.
-//
-// IMPORTANT NOTE: Due to limitation of the C++ language, we have to
-// leave some internal implementation details in this header file.
-// They are clearly marked by comments like this:
-//
-//   // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-//
-// Such code is NOT meant to be used by a user directly, and is subject
-// to CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.  Therefore DO NOT DEPEND ON IT in a user
-// program!
-
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_
-#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_
-
-#include <limits>
-
-
-// Ensures that there is at least one operator<< in the global namespace.
-// See Message& operator<<(...) below for why.
-void operator<<(const testing::internal::Secret&, int);
-
-namespace testing {
-
-// The Message class works like an ostream repeater.
-//
-// Typical usage:
-//
-//   1. You stream a bunch of values to a Message object.
-//      It will remember the text in a stringstream.
-//   2. Then you stream the Message object to an ostream.
-//      This causes the text in the Message to be streamed
-//      to the ostream.
-//
-// For example;
-//
-//   testing::Message foo;
-//   foo << 1 << " != " << 2;
-//   std::cout << foo;
-//
-// will print "1 != 2".
-//
-// Message is not intended to be inherited from.  In particular, its
-// destructor is not virtual.
-//
-// Note that stringstream behaves differently in gcc and in MSVC.  You
-// can stream a NULL char pointer to it in the former, but not in the
-// latter (it causes an access violation if you do).  The Message
-// class hides this difference by treating a NULL char pointer as
-// "(null)".
-class GTEST_API_ Message {
- private:
-  // The type of basic IO manipulators (endl, ends, and flush) for
-  // narrow streams.
-  typedef std::ostream& (*BasicNarrowIoManip)(std::ostream&);
-
- public:
-  // Constructs an empty Message.
-  Message();
-
-  // Copy constructor.
-  Message(const Message& msg) : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {  // NOLINT
-    *ss_ << msg.GetString();
-  }
-
-  // Constructs a Message from a C-string.
-  explicit Message(const char* str) : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {
-    *ss_ << str;
-  }
-
-#if GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
-  // Streams a value (either a pointer or not) to this object.
-  template <typename T>
-  inline Message& operator <<(const T& value) {
-    StreamHelper(typename internal::is_pointer<T>::type(), value);
-    return *this;
-  }
-#else
-  // Streams a non-pointer value to this object.
-  template <typename T>
-  inline Message& operator <<(const T& val) {
-    // Some libraries overload << for STL containers.  These
-    // overloads are defined in the global namespace instead of ::std.
-    //
-    // C++'s symbol lookup rule (i.e. Koenig lookup) says that these
-    // overloads are visible in either the std namespace or the global
-    // namespace, but not other namespaces, including the testing
-    // namespace which Google Test's Message class is in.
-    //
-    // To allow STL containers (and other types that has a << operator
-    // defined in the global namespace) to be used in Google Test
-    // assertions, testing::Message must access the custom << operator
-    // from the global namespace.  With this using declaration,
-    // overloads of << defined in the global namespace and those
-    // visible via Koenig lookup are both exposed in this function.
-    using ::operator <<;
-    *ss_ << val;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  // Streams a pointer value to this object.
-  //
-  // This function is an overload of the previous one.  When you
-  // stream a pointer to a Message, this definition will be used as it
-  // is more specialized.  (The C++ Standard, section
-  // [temp.func.order].)  If you stream a non-pointer, then the
-  // previous definition will be used.
-  //
-  // The reason for this overload is that streaming a NULL pointer to
-  // ostream is undefined behavior.  Depending on the compiler, you
-  // may get "0", "(nil)", "(null)", or an access violation.  To
-  // ensure consistent result across compilers, we always treat NULL
-  // as "(null)".
-  template <typename T>
-  inline Message& operator <<(T* const& pointer) {  // NOLINT
-    if (pointer == NULL) {
-      *ss_ << "(null)";
-    } else {
-      *ss_ << pointer;
-    }
-    return *this;
-  }
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
-
-  // Since the basic IO manipulators are overloaded for both narrow
-  // and wide streams, we have to provide this specialized definition
-  // of operator <<, even though its body is the same as the
-  // templatized version above.  Without this definition, streaming
-  // endl or other basic IO manipulators to Message will confuse the
-  // compiler.
-  Message& operator <<(BasicNarrowIoManip val) {
-    *ss_ << val;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  // Instead of 1/0, we want to see true/false for bool values.
-  Message& operator <<(bool b) {
-    return *this << (b ? "true" : "false");
-  }
-
-  // These two overloads allow streaming a wide C string to a Message
-  // using the UTF-8 encoding.
-  Message& operator <<(const wchar_t* wide_c_str);
-  Message& operator <<(wchar_t* wide_c_str);
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-  // Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
-  // encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
-  Message& operator <<(const ::std::wstring& wstr);
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-  // Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
-  // encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
-  Message& operator <<(const ::wstring& wstr);
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-
-  // Gets the text streamed to this object so far as an std::string.
-  // Each '\0' character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
-  //
-  // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-  std::string GetString() const;
-
- private:
-
-#if GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
-  // These are needed as the Nokia Symbian Compiler cannot decide between
-  // const T& and const T* in a function template. The Nokia compiler _can_
-  // decide between class template specializations for T and T*, so a
-  // tr1::type_traits-like is_pointer works, and we can overload on that.
-  template <typename T>
-  inline void StreamHelper(internal::true_type /*is_pointer*/, T* pointer) {
-    if (pointer == NULL) {
-      *ss_ << "(null)";
-    } else {
-      *ss_ << pointer;
-    }
-  }
-  template <typename T>
-  inline void StreamHelper(internal::false_type /*is_pointer*/,
-                           const T& value) {
-    // See the comments in Message& operator <<(const T&) above for why
-    // we need this using statement.
-    using ::operator <<;
-    *ss_ << value;
-  }
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
-
-  // We'll hold the text streamed to this object here.
-  const internal::scoped_ptr< ::std::stringstream> ss_;
-
-  // We declare (but don't implement) this to prevent the compiler
-  // from implementing the assignment operator.
-  void operator=(const Message&);
-};
-
-// Streams a Message to an ostream.
-inline std::ostream& operator <<(std::ostream& os, const Message& sb) {
-  return os << sb.GetString();
-}
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// Converts a streamable value to an std::string.  A NULL pointer is
-// converted to "(null)".  When the input value is a ::string,
-// ::std::string, ::wstring, or ::std::wstring object, each NUL
-// character in it is replaced with "\\0".
-template <typename T>
-std::string StreamableToString(const T& streamable) {
-  return (Message() << streamable).GetString();
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-}  // namespace testing
-
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_
-// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Authors: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), eefacm@gmail.com (Sean Mcafee)
-//
-// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
-//
-// This header file declares the String class and functions used internally by
-// Google Test.  They are subject to change without notice. They should not used
-// by code external to Google Test.
-//
-// This header file is #included by <gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h>.
-// It should not be #included by other files.
-
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_STRING_H_
-#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_STRING_H_
-
-#ifdef __BORLANDC__
-// string.h is not guaranteed to provide strcpy on C++ Builder.
-# include <mem.h>
-#endif
-
-#include <string.h>
-#include <string>
-
-
-namespace testing {
-namespace internal {
-
-// String - an abstract class holding static string utilities.
-class GTEST_API_ String {
- public:
-  // Static utility methods
-
-  // Clones a 0-terminated C string, allocating memory using new.  The
-  // caller is responsible for deleting the return value using
-  // delete[].  Returns the cloned string, or NULL if the input is
-  // NULL.
-  //
-  // This is different from strdup() in string.h, which allocates
-  // memory using malloc().
-  static const char* CloneCString(const char* c_str);
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-  // Windows CE does not have the 'ANSI' versions of Win32 APIs. To be
-  // able to pass strings to Win32 APIs on CE we need to convert them
-  // to 'Unicode', UTF-16.
-
-  // Creates a UTF-16 wide string from the given ANSI string, allocating
-  // memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
-  // value using delete[]. Returns the wide string, or NULL if the
-  // input is NULL.
-  //
-  // The wide string is created using the ANSI codepage (CP_ACP) to
-  // match the behaviour of the ANSI versions of Win32 calls and the
-  // C runtime.
-  static LPCWSTR AnsiToUtf16(const char* c_str);
-
-  // Creates an ANSI string from the given wide string, allocating
-  // memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
-  // value using delete[]. Returns the ANSI string, or NULL if the
-  // input is NULL.
-  //
-  // The returned string is created using the ANSI codepage (CP_ACP) to
-  // match the behaviour of the ANSI versions of Win32 calls and the
-  // C runtime.
-  static const char* Utf16ToAnsi(LPCWSTR utf16_str);
-#endif
-
-  // Compares two C strings.  Returns true iff they have the same content.
-  //
-  // Unlike strcmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A
-  // NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
-  // including the empty string.
-  static bool CStringEquals(const char* lhs, const char* rhs);
-
-  // Converts a wide C string to a String using the UTF-8 encoding.
-  // NULL will be converted to "(null)".  If an error occurred during
-  // the conversion, "(failed to convert from wide string)" is
-  // returned.
-  static std::string ShowWideCString(const wchar_t* wide_c_str);
-
-  // Compares two wide C strings.  Returns true iff they have the same
-  // content.
-  //
-  // Unlike wcscmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A
-  // NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
-  // including the empty string.
-  static bool WideCStringEquals(const wchar_t* lhs, const wchar_t* rhs);
-
-  // Compares two C strings, ignoring case.  Returns true iff they
-  // have the same content.
-  //
-  // Unlike strcasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).
-  // A NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
-  // including the empty string.
-  static bool CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(const char* lhs,
-                                           const char* rhs);
-
-  // Compares two wide C strings, ignoring case.  Returns true iff they
-  // have the same content.
-  //
-  // Unlike wcscasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).
-  // A NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL wide C string,
-  // including the empty string.
-  // NB: The implementations on different platforms slightly differ.
-  // On windows, this method uses _wcsicmp which compares according to LC_CTYPE
-  // environment variable. On GNU platform this method uses wcscasecmp
-  // which compares according to LC_CTYPE category of the current locale.
-  // On MacOS X, it uses towlower, which also uses LC_CTYPE category of the
-  // current locale.
-  static bool CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(const wchar_t* lhs,
-                                               const wchar_t* rhs);
-
-  // Returns true iff the given string ends with the given suffix, ignoring
-  // case. Any string is considered to end with an empty suffix.
-  static bool EndsWithCaseInsensitive(
-      const std::string& str, const std::string& suffix);
-
-  // Formats an int value as "%02d".
-  static std::string FormatIntWidth2(int value);  // "%02d" for width == 2
-
-  // Formats an int value as "%X".
-  static std::string FormatHexInt(int value);
-
-  // Formats a byte as "%02X".
-  static std::string FormatByte(unsigned char value);
-
- private:
-  String();  // Not meant to be instantiated.
-};  // class String
-
-// Gets the content of the stringstream's buffer as an std::string.  Each '\0'
-// character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
-GTEST_API_ std::string StringStreamToString(::std::stringstream* stream);
-
-}  // namespace internal
-}  // namespace testing
-
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_STRING_H_
-// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: keith.ray@gmail.com (Keith Ray)
-//
-// Google Test filepath utilities
-//
-// This header file declares classes and functions used internally by
-// Google Test.  They are subject to change without notice.
-//
-// This file is #included in <gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h>.
-// Do not include this header file separately!
-
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_FILEPATH_H_
-#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_FILEPATH_H_
-
-
-namespace testing {
-namespace internal {
-
-// FilePath - a class for file and directory pathname manipulation which
-// handles platform-specific conventions (like the pathname separator).
-// Used for helper functions for naming files in a directory for xml output.
-// Except for Set methods, all methods are const or static, which provides an
-// "immutable value object" -- useful for peace of mind.
-// A FilePath with a value ending in a path separator ("like/this/") represents
-// a directory, otherwise it is assumed to represent a file. In either case,
-// it may or may not represent an actual file or directory in the file system.
-// Names are NOT checked for syntax correctness -- no checking for illegal
-// characters, malformed paths, etc.
-
-class GTEST_API_ FilePath {
- public:
-  FilePath() : pathname_("") { }
-  FilePath(const FilePath& rhs) : pathname_(rhs.pathname_) { }
-
-  explicit FilePath(const std::string& pathname) : pathname_(pathname) {
-    Normalize();
-  }
-
-  FilePath& operator=(const FilePath& rhs) {
-    Set(rhs);
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  void Set(const FilePath& rhs) {
-    pathname_ = rhs.pathname_;
-  }
-
-  const std::string& string() const { return pathname_; }
-  const char* c_str() const { return pathname_.c_str(); }
-
-  // Returns the current working directory, or "" if unsuccessful.
-  static FilePath GetCurrentDir();
-
-  // Given directory = "dir", base_name = "test", number = 0,
-  // extension = "xml", returns "dir/test.xml". If number is greater
-  // than zero (e.g., 12), returns "dir/test_12.xml".
-  // On Windows platform, uses \ as the separator rather than /.
-  static FilePath MakeFileName(const FilePath& directory,
-                               const FilePath& base_name,
-                               int number,
-                               const char* extension);
-
-  // Given directory = "dir", relative_path = "test.xml",
-  // returns "dir/test.xml".
-  // On Windows, uses \ as the separator rather than /.
-  static FilePath ConcatPaths(const FilePath& directory,
-                              const FilePath& relative_path);
-
-  // Returns a pathname for a file that does not currently exist. The pathname
-  // will be directory/base_name.extension or
-  // directory/base_name_<number>.extension if directory/base_name.extension
-  // already exists. The number will be incremented until a pathname is found
-  // that does not already exist.
-  // Examples: 'dir/foo_test.xml' or 'dir/foo_test_1.xml'.
-  // There could be a race condition if two or more processes are calling this
-  // function at the same time -- they could both pick the same filename.
-  static FilePath GenerateUniqueFileName(const FilePath& directory,
-                                         const FilePath& base_name,
-                                         const char* extension);
-
-  // Returns true iff the path is "".
-  bool IsEmpty() const { return pathname_.empty(); }
-
-  // If input name has a trailing separator character, removes it and returns
-  // the name, otherwise return the name string unmodified.
-  // On Windows platform, uses \ as the separator, other platforms use /.
-  FilePath RemoveTrailingPathSeparator() const;
-
-  // Returns a copy of the FilePath with the directory part removed.
-  // Example: FilePath("path/to/file").RemoveDirectoryName() returns
-  // FilePath("file"). If there is no directory part ("just_a_file"), it returns
-  // the FilePath unmodified. If there is no file part ("just_a_dir/") it
-  // returns an empty FilePath ("").
-  // On Windows platform, '\' is the path separator, otherwise it is '/'.
-  FilePath RemoveDirectoryName() const;
-
-  // RemoveFileName returns the directory path with the filename removed.
-  // Example: FilePath("path/to/file").RemoveFileName() returns "path/to/".
-  // If the FilePath is "a_file" or "/a_file", RemoveFileName returns
-  // FilePath("./") or, on Windows, FilePath(".\\"). If the filepath does
-  // not have a file, like "just/a/dir/", it returns the FilePath unmodified.
-  // On Windows platform, '\' is the path separator, otherwise it is '/'.
-  FilePath RemoveFileName() const;
-
-  // Returns a copy of the FilePath with the case-insensitive extension removed.
-  // Example: FilePath("dir/file.exe").RemoveExtension("EXE") returns
-  // FilePath("dir/file"). If a case-insensitive extension is not
-  // found, returns a copy of the original FilePath.
-  FilePath RemoveExtension(const char* extension) const;
-
-  // Creates directories so that path exists. Returns true if successful or if
-  // the directories already exist; returns false if unable to create
-  // directories for any reason. Will also return false if the FilePath does
-  // not represent a directory (that is, it doesn't end with a path separator).
-  bool CreateDirectoriesRecursively() const;
-
-  // Create the directory so that path exists. Returns true if successful or
-  // if the directory already exists; returns false if unable to create the
-  // directory for any reason, including if the parent directory does not
-  // exist. Not named "CreateDirectory" because that's a macro on Windows.
-  bool CreateFolder() const;
-
-  // Returns true if FilePath describes something in the file-system,
-  // either a file, directory, or whatever, and that something exists.
-  bool FileOrDirectoryExists() const;
-
-  // Returns true if pathname describes a directory in the file-system
-  // that exists.
-  bool DirectoryExists() const;
-
-  // Returns true if FilePath ends with a path separator, which indicates that
-  // it is intended to represent a directory. Returns false otherwise.
-  // This does NOT check that a directory (or file) actually exists.
-  bool IsDirectory() const;
-
-  // Returns true if pathname describes a root directory. (Windows has one
-  // root directory per disk drive.)
-  bool IsRootDirectory() const;
-
-  // Returns true if pathname describes an absolute path.
-  bool IsAbsolutePath() const;
-
- private:
-  // Replaces multiple consecutive separators with a single separator.
-  // For example, "bar///foo" becomes "bar/foo". Does not eliminate other
-  // redundancies that might be in a pathname involving "." or "..".
-  //
-  // A pathname with multiple consecutive separators may occur either through
-  // user error or as a result of some scripts or APIs that generate a pathname
-  // with a trailing separator. On other platforms the same API or script
-  // may NOT generate a pathname with a trailing "/". Then elsewhere that
-  // pathname may have another "/" and pathname components added to it,
-  // without checking for the separator already being there.
-  // The script language and operating system may allow paths like "foo//bar"
-  // but some of the functions in FilePath will not handle that correctly. In
-  // particular, RemoveTrailingPathSeparator() only removes one separator, and
-  // it is called in CreateDirectoriesRecursively() assuming that it will change
-  // a pathname from directory syntax (trailing separator) to filename syntax.
-  //
-  // On Windows this method also replaces the alternate path separator '/' with
-  // the primary path separator '\\', so that for example "bar\\/\\foo" becomes
-  // "bar\\foo".
-
-  void Normalize();
-
-  // Returns a pointer to the last occurence of a valid path separator in
-  // the FilePath. On Windows, for example, both '/' and '\' are valid path
-  // separators. Returns NULL if no path separator was found.
-  const char* FindLastPathSeparator() const;
-
-  std::string pathname_;
-};  // class FilePath
-
-}  // namespace internal
-}  // namespace testing
-
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_FILEPATH_H_
-// This file was GENERATED by command:
-//     pump.py gtest-type-util.h.pump
-// DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
-
-// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
-// All Rights Reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-
-// Type utilities needed for implementing typed and type-parameterized
-// tests.  This file is generated by a SCRIPT.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
-//
-// Currently we support at most 50 types in a list, and at most 50
-// type-parameterized tests in one type-parameterized test case.
-// Please contact googletestframework@googlegroups.com if you need
-// more.
-
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
-#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
-
-
-// #ifdef __GNUC__ is too general here.  It is possible to use gcc without using
-// libstdc++ (which is where cxxabi.h comes from).
-# if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
-#  include <cxxabi.h>
-# elif defined(__HP_aCC)
-#  include <acxx_demangle.h>
-# endif  // GTEST_HASH_CXXABI_H_
-
-namespace testing {
-namespace internal {
-
-// GetTypeName<T>() returns a human-readable name of type T.
-// NB: This function is also used in Google Mock, so don't move it inside of
-// the typed-test-only section below.
-template <typename T>
-std::string GetTypeName() {
-# if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
-
-  const char* const name = typeid(T).name();
-#  if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ || defined(__HP_aCC)
-  int status = 0;
-  // gcc's implementation of typeid(T).name() mangles the type name,
-  // so we have to demangle it.
-#   if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
-  using abi::__cxa_demangle;
-#   endif  // GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
-  char* const readable_name = __cxa_demangle(name, 0, 0, &status);
-  const std::string name_str(status == 0 ? readable_name : name);
-  free(readable_name);
-  return name_str;
-#  else
-  return name;
-#  endif  // GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ || __HP_aCC
-
-# else
-
-  return "<type>";
-
-# endif  // GTEST_HAS_RTTI
-}
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST || GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
-
-// AssertyTypeEq<T1, T2>::type is defined iff T1 and T2 are the same
-// type.  This can be used as a compile-time assertion to ensure that
-// two types are equal.
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2>
-struct AssertTypeEq;
-
-template <typename T>
-struct AssertTypeEq<T, T> {
-  typedef bool type;
-};
-
-// A unique type used as the default value for the arguments of class
-// template Types.  This allows us to simulate variadic templates
-// (e.g. Types<int>, Type<int, double>, and etc), which C++ doesn't
-// support directly.
-struct None {};
-
-// The following family of struct and struct templates are used to
-// represent type lists.  In particular, TypesN<T1, T2, ..., TN>
-// represents a type list with N types (T1, T2, ..., and TN) in it.
-// Except for Types0, every struct in the family has two member types:
-// Head for the first type in the list, and Tail for the rest of the
-// list.
-
-// The empty type list.
-struct Types0 {};
-
-// Type lists of length 1, 2, 3, and so on.
-
-template <typename T1>
-struct Types1 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types0 Tail;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2>
-struct Types2 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types1<T2> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
-struct Types3 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types2<T2, T3> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
-struct Types4 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types3<T2, T3, T4> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
-struct Types5 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types4<T2, T3, T4, T5> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6>
-struct Types6 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types5<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7>
-struct Types7 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types6<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
-struct Types8 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types7<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
-struct Types9 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types8<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
-struct Types10 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types9<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11>
-struct Types11 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types10<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12>
-struct Types12 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types11<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13>
-struct Types13 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types12<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14>
-struct Types14 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types13<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15>
-struct Types15 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types14<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16>
-struct Types16 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types15<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17>
-struct Types17 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types16<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18>
-struct Types18 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types17<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19>
-struct Types19 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types18<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20>
-struct Types20 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types19<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21>
-struct Types21 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types20<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22>
-struct Types22 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types21<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23>
-struct Types23 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types22<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24>
-struct Types24 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types23<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25>
-struct Types25 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types24<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26>
-struct Types26 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types25<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27>
-struct Types27 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types26<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28>
-struct Types28 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types27<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29>
-struct Types29 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types28<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30>
-struct Types30 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types29<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31>
-struct Types31 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types30<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30, T31> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32>
-struct Types32 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types31<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30, T31, T32> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33>
-struct Types33 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types32<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30, T31, T32, T33> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34>
-struct Types34 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types33<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35>
-struct Types35 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types34<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36>
-struct Types36 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types35<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37>
-struct Types37 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types36<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38>
-struct Types38 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types37<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39>
-struct Types39 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types38<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40>
-struct Types40 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types39<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41>
-struct Types41 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types40<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42>
-struct Types42 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types41<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43>
-struct Types43 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types42<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42,
-      T43> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44>
-struct Types44 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types43<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
-      T44> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45>
-struct Types45 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types44<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
-      T44, T45> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
-    typename T46>
-struct Types46 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types45<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
-      T44, T45, T46> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
-    typename T46, typename T47>
-struct Types47 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types46<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
-      T44, T45, T46, T47> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
-    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48>
-struct Types48 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types47<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
-      T44, T45, T46, T47, T48> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
-    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48, typename T49>
-struct Types49 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types48<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
-      T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49> Tail;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
-    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48, typename T49, typename T50>
-struct Types50 {
-  typedef T1 Head;
-  typedef Types49<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-      T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-      T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
-      T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49, T50> Tail;
-};
-
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-// We don't want to require the users to write TypesN<...> directly,
-// as that would require them to count the length.  Types<...> is much
-// easier to write, but generates horrible messages when there is a
-// compiler error, as gcc insists on printing out each template
-// argument, even if it has the default value (this means Types<int>
-// will appear as Types<int, None, None, ..., None> in the compiler
-// errors).
-//
-// Our solution is to combine the best part of the two approaches: a
-// user would write Types<T1, ..., TN>, and Google Test will translate
-// that to TypesN<T1, ..., TN> internally to make error messages
-// readable.  The translation is done by the 'type' member of the
-// Types template.
-template <typename T1 = internal::None, typename T2 = internal::None,
-    typename T3 = internal::None, typename T4 = internal::None,
-    typename T5 = internal::None, typename T6 = internal::None,
-    typename T7 = internal::None, typename T8 = internal::None,
-    typename T9 = internal::None, typename T10 = internal::None,
-    typename T11 = internal::None, typename T12 = internal::None,
-    typename T13 = internal::None, typename T14 = internal::None,
-    typename T15 = internal::None, typename T16 = internal::None,
-    typename T17 = internal::None, typename T18 = internal::None,
-    typename T19 = internal::None, typename T20 = internal::None,
-    typename T21 = internal::None, typename T22 = internal::None,
-    typename T23 = internal::None, typename T24 = internal::None,
-    typename T25 = internal::None, typename T26 = internal::None,
-    typename T27 = internal::None, typename T28 = internal::None,
-    typename T29 = internal::None, typename T30 = internal::None,
-    typename T31 = internal::None, typename T32 = internal::None,
-    typename T33 = internal::None, typename T34 = internal::None,
-    typename T35 = internal::None, typename T36 = internal::None,
-    typename T37 = internal::None, typename T38 = internal::None,
-    typename T39 = internal::None, typename T40 = internal::None,
-    typename T41 = internal::None, typename T42 = internal::None,
-    typename T43 = internal::None, typename T44 = internal::None,
-    typename T45 = internal::None, typename T46 = internal::None,
-    typename T47 = internal::None, typename T48 = internal::None,
-    typename T49 = internal::None, typename T50 = internal::None>
-struct Types {
-  typedef internal::Types50<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
-      T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49, T50> type;
-};
-
-template <>
-struct Types<internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types0 type;
-};
-template <typename T1>
-struct Types<T1, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types1<T1> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2>
-struct Types<T1, T2, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types2<T1, T2> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types3<T1, T2, T3> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types4<T1, T2, T3, T4> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types5<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types6<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types7<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types8<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types9<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types10<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types11<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types12<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types13<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types14<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types15<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types16<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types17<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types18<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types19<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types20<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types21<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types22<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types23<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types24<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types25<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types26<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types27<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types28<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types29<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types30<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
-    T31, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types31<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
-    T31, T32, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types32<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
-    T31, T32, T33, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types33<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
-    T31, T32, T33, T34, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types34<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
-    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types35<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
-    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types36<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
-    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types37<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
-    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types38<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
-    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types39<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
-    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types40<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
-      T40> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
-    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types41<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
-      T41> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
-    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types42<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
-      T41, T42> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
-    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types43<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
-      T41, T42, T43> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
-    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types44<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
-      T41, T42, T43, T44> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
-    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45,
-    internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None,
-    internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types45<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
-      T41, T42, T43, T44, T45> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
-    typename T46>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
-    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45,
-    T46, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types46<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
-      T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
-    typename T46, typename T47>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
-    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45,
-    T46, T47, internal::None, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types47<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
-      T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
-    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
-    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45,
-    T46, T47, T48, internal::None, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types48<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
-      T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48> type;
-};
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
-    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48, typename T49>
-struct Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
-    T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29, T30,
-    T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45,
-    T46, T47, T48, T49, internal::None> {
-  typedef internal::Types49<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
-      T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49> type;
-};
-
-namespace internal {
-
-# define GTEST_TEMPLATE_ template <typename T> class
-
-// The template "selector" struct TemplateSel<Tmpl> is used to
-// represent Tmpl, which must be a class template with one type
-// parameter, as a type.  TemplateSel<Tmpl>::Bind<T>::type is defined
-// as the type Tmpl<T>.  This allows us to actually instantiate the
-// template "selected" by TemplateSel<Tmpl>.
-//
-// This trick is necessary for simulating typedef for class templates,
-// which C++ doesn't support directly.
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ Tmpl>
-struct TemplateSel {
-  template <typename T>
-  struct Bind {
-    typedef Tmpl<T> type;
-  };
-};
-
-# define GTEST_BIND_(TmplSel, T) \
-  TmplSel::template Bind<T>::type
-
-// A unique struct template used as the default value for the
-// arguments of class template Templates.  This allows us to simulate
-// variadic templates (e.g. Templates<int>, Templates<int, double>,
-// and etc), which C++ doesn't support directly.
-template <typename T>
-struct NoneT {};
-
-// The following family of struct and struct templates are used to
-// represent template lists.  In particular, TemplatesN<T1, T2, ...,
-// TN> represents a list of N templates (T1, T2, ..., and TN).  Except
-// for Templates0, every struct in the family has two member types:
-// Head for the selector of the first template in the list, and Tail
-// for the rest of the list.
-
-// The empty template list.
-struct Templates0 {};
-
-// Template lists of length 1, 2, 3, and so on.
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1>
-struct Templates1 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates0 Tail;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2>
-struct Templates2 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates1<T2> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3>
-struct Templates3 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates2<T2, T3> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4>
-struct Templates4 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates3<T2, T3, T4> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5>
-struct Templates5 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates4<T2, T3, T4, T5> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6>
-struct Templates6 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates5<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7>
-struct Templates7 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates6<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8>
-struct Templates8 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates7<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9>
-struct Templates9 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates8<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10>
-struct Templates10 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates9<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11>
-struct Templates11 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates10<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12>
-struct Templates12 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates11<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13>
-struct Templates13 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates12<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14>
-struct Templates14 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates13<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15>
-struct Templates15 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates14<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16>
-struct Templates16 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates15<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17>
-struct Templates17 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates16<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18>
-struct Templates18 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates17<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19>
-struct Templates19 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates18<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20>
-struct Templates20 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates19<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21>
-struct Templates21 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates20<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22>
-struct Templates22 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates21<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23>
-struct Templates23 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates22<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24>
-struct Templates24 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates23<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25>
-struct Templates25 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates24<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26>
-struct Templates26 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates25<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27>
-struct Templates27 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates26<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28>
-struct Templates28 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates27<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29>
-struct Templates29 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates28<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30>
-struct Templates30 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates29<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31>
-struct Templates31 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates30<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30, T31> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32>
-struct Templates32 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates31<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30, T31, T32> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33>
-struct Templates33 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates32<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34>
-struct Templates34 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates33<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35>
-struct Templates35 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates34<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36>
-struct Templates36 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates35<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37>
-struct Templates37 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates36<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38>
-struct Templates38 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates37<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39>
-struct Templates39 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates38<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40>
-struct Templates40 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates39<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41>
-struct Templates41 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates40<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42>
-struct Templates42 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates41<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
-      T42> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43>
-struct Templates43 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates42<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42,
-      T43> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44>
-struct Templates44 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates43<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42,
-      T43, T44> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45>
-struct Templates45 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates44<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42,
-      T43, T44, T45> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T46>
-struct Templates46 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates45<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42,
-      T43, T44, T45, T46> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T46, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T47>
-struct Templates47 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates46<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42,
-      T43, T44, T45, T46, T47> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T46, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T47, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T48>
-struct Templates48 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates47<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42,
-      T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T46, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T47, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T48,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T49>
-struct Templates49 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates48<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42,
-      T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49> Tail;
-};
-
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T46, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T47, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T48,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T49, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T50>
-struct Templates50 {
-  typedef TemplateSel<T1> Head;
-  typedef Templates49<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-      T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-      T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42,
-      T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49, T50> Tail;
-};
-
-
-// We don't want to require the users to write TemplatesN<...> directly,
-// as that would require them to count the length.  Templates<...> is much
-// easier to write, but generates horrible messages when there is a
-// compiler error, as gcc insists on printing out each template
-// argument, even if it has the default value (this means Templates<list>
-// will appear as Templates<list, NoneT, NoneT, ..., NoneT> in the compiler
-// errors).
-//
-// Our solution is to combine the best part of the two approaches: a
-// user would write Templates<T1, ..., TN>, and Google Test will translate
-// that to TemplatesN<T1, ..., TN> internally to make error messages
-// readable.  The translation is done by the 'type' member of the
-// Templates template.
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T46 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T47 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T48 = NoneT,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T49 = NoneT, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T50 = NoneT>
-struct Templates {
-  typedef Templates50<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
-      T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49, T50> type;
-};
-
-template <>
-struct Templates<NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates0 type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1>
-struct Templates<T1, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates1<T1> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates2<T1, T2> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates3<T1, T2, T3> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates4<T1, T2, T3, T4> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates5<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates6<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates7<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates8<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates9<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates10<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates11<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates12<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates13<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates14<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates15<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates16<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates17<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates18<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates19<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates20<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates21<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates22<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates23<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates24<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates25<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates26<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates27<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates28<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates29<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    T30, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates30<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    T30, T31, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates31<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30, T31> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    T30, T31, T32, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates32<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    T30, T31, T32, T33, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates33<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates34<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates35<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates36<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates37<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates38<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates39<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates40<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, NoneT, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates41<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
-      T41> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, NoneT,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates42<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
-      T42> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates43<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
-      T42, T43> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44,
-    NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates44<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
-      T42, T43, T44> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44,
-    T45, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates45<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
-      T42, T43, T44, T45> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T46>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44,
-    T45, T46, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates46<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
-      T42, T43, T44, T45, T46> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T46, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T47>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44,
-    T45, T46, T47, NoneT, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates47<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
-      T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T46, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T47, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T48>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44,
-    T45, T46, T47, T48, NoneT, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates48<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
-      T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48> type;
-};
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T1, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T2, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T3,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T4, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T5, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T6,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T7, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T8, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T9,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T10, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T11, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T12,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T13, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T14, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T15,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T16, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T17, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T18,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T19, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T20, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T21,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T22, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T23, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T24,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T25, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T26, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T27,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T28, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T29, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T30,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T31, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T32, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T33,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T34, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T35, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T36,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T37, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T38, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T39,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T40, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T41, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T42,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T43, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T44, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T45,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T46, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T47, GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T48,
-    GTEST_TEMPLATE_ T49>
-struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
-    T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28, T29,
-    T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43, T44,
-    T45, T46, T47, T48, T49, NoneT> {
-  typedef Templates49<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-      T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-      T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
-      T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49> type;
-};
-
-// The TypeList template makes it possible to use either a single type
-// or a Types<...> list in TYPED_TEST_CASE() and
-// INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P().
-
-template <typename T>
-struct TypeList {
-  typedef Types1<T> type;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
-    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48, typename T49, typename T50>
-struct TypeList<Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
-    T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49, T50> > {
-  typedef typename Types<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-      T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-      T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
-      T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49, T50>::type type;
-};
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST || GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
-
-}  // namespace internal
-}  // namespace testing
-
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
-
-// Due to C++ preprocessor weirdness, we need double indirection to
-// concatenate two tokens when one of them is __LINE__.  Writing
-//
-//   foo ## __LINE__
-//
-// will result in the token foo__LINE__, instead of foo followed by
-// the current line number.  For more details, see
-// http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq-lite/misc-technical-issues.html#faq-39.6
-#define GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(foo, bar) GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_IMPL_(foo, bar)
-#define GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_IMPL_(foo, bar) foo ## bar
-
-class ProtocolMessage;
-namespace proto2 { class Message; }
-
-namespace testing {
-
-// Forward declarations.
-
-class AssertionResult;                 // Result of an assertion.
-class Message;                         // Represents a failure message.
-class Test;                            // Represents a test.
-class TestInfo;                        // Information about a test.
-class TestPartResult;                  // Result of a test part.
-class UnitTest;                        // A collection of test cases.
-
-template <typename T>
-::std::string PrintToString(const T& value);
-
-namespace internal {
-
-struct TraceInfo;                      // Information about a trace point.
-class ScopedTrace;                     // Implements scoped trace.
-class TestInfoImpl;                    // Opaque implementation of TestInfo
-class UnitTestImpl;                    // Opaque implementation of UnitTest
-
-// How many times InitGoogleTest() has been called.
-GTEST_API_ extern int g_init_gtest_count;
-
-// The text used in failure messages to indicate the start of the
-// stack trace.
-GTEST_API_ extern const char kStackTraceMarker[];
-
-// Two overloaded helpers for checking at compile time whether an
-// expression is a null pointer literal (i.e. NULL or any 0-valued
-// compile-time integral constant).  Their return values have
-// different sizes, so we can use sizeof() to test which version is
-// picked by the compiler.  These helpers have no implementations, as
-// we only need their signatures.
-//
-// Given IsNullLiteralHelper(x), the compiler will pick the first
-// version if x can be implicitly converted to Secret*, and pick the
-// second version otherwise.  Since Secret is a secret and incomplete
-// type, the only expression a user can write that has type Secret* is
-// a null pointer literal.  Therefore, we know that x is a null
-// pointer literal if and only if the first version is picked by the
-// compiler.
-char IsNullLiteralHelper(Secret* p);
-char (&IsNullLiteralHelper(...))[2];  // NOLINT
-
-// A compile-time bool constant that is true if and only if x is a
-// null pointer literal (i.e. NULL or any 0-valued compile-time
-// integral constant).
-#ifdef GTEST_ELLIPSIS_NEEDS_POD_
-// We lose support for NULL detection where the compiler doesn't like
-// passing non-POD classes through ellipsis (...).
-# define GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(x) false
-#else
-# define GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(x) \
-    (sizeof(::testing::internal::IsNullLiteralHelper(x)) == 1)
-#endif  // GTEST_ELLIPSIS_NEEDS_POD_
-
-// Appends the user-supplied message to the Google-Test-generated message.
-GTEST_API_ std::string AppendUserMessage(
-    const std::string& gtest_msg, const Message& user_msg);
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-
-// This exception is thrown by (and only by) a failed Google Test
-// assertion when GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) is true (if exceptions
-// are enabled).  We derive it from std::runtime_error, which is for
-// errors presumably detectable only at run time.  Since
-// std::runtime_error inherits from std::exception, many testing
-// frameworks know how to extract and print the message inside it.
-class GTEST_API_ GoogleTestFailureException : public ::std::runtime_error {
- public:
-  explicit GoogleTestFailureException(const TestPartResult& failure);
-};
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-
-// A helper class for creating scoped traces in user programs.
-class GTEST_API_ ScopedTrace {
- public:
-  // The c'tor pushes the given source file location and message onto
-  // a trace stack maintained by Google Test.
-  ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const Message& message);
-
-  // The d'tor pops the info pushed by the c'tor.
-  //
-  // Note that the d'tor is not virtual in order to be efficient.
-  // Don't inherit from ScopedTrace!
-  ~ScopedTrace();
-
- private:
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ScopedTrace);
-} GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;  // A ScopedTrace object does its job in its
-                            // c'tor and d'tor.  Therefore it doesn't
-                            // need to be used otherwise.
-
-// Constructs and returns the message for an equality assertion
-// (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_STREQ, etc) failure.
-//
-// The first four parameters are the expressions used in the assertion
-// and their values, as strings.  For example, for ASSERT_EQ(foo, bar)
-// where foo is 5 and bar is 6, we have:
-//
-//   expected_expression: "foo"
-//   actual_expression:   "bar"
-//   expected_value:      "5"
-//   actual_value:        "6"
-//
-// The ignoring_case parameter is true iff the assertion is a
-// *_STRCASEEQ*.  When it's true, the string " (ignoring case)" will
-// be inserted into the message.
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult EqFailure(const char* expected_expression,
-                                     const char* actual_expression,
-                                     const std::string& expected_value,
-                                     const std::string& actual_value,
-                                     bool ignoring_case);
-
-// Constructs a failure message for Boolean assertions such as EXPECT_TRUE.
-GTEST_API_ std::string GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(
-    const AssertionResult& assertion_result,
-    const char* expression_text,
-    const char* actual_predicate_value,
-    const char* expected_predicate_value);
-
-// This template class represents an IEEE floating-point number
-// (either single-precision or double-precision, depending on the
-// template parameters).
-//
-// The purpose of this class is to do more sophisticated number
-// comparison.  (Due to round-off error, etc, it's very unlikely that
-// two floating-points will be equal exactly.  Hence a naive
-// comparison by the == operation often doesn't work.)
-//
-// Format of IEEE floating-point:
-//
-//   The most-significant bit being the leftmost, an IEEE
-//   floating-point looks like
-//
-//     sign_bit exponent_bits fraction_bits
-//
-//   Here, sign_bit is a single bit that designates the sign of the
-//   number.
-//
-//   For float, there are 8 exponent bits and 23 fraction bits.
-//
-//   For double, there are 11 exponent bits and 52 fraction bits.
-//
-//   More details can be found at
-//   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_floating-point_standard.
-//
-// Template parameter:
-//
-//   RawType: the raw floating-point type (either float or double)
-template <typename RawType>
-class FloatingPoint {
- public:
-  // Defines the unsigned integer type that has the same size as the
-  // floating point number.
-  typedef typename TypeWithSize<sizeof(RawType)>::UInt Bits;
-
-  // Constants.
-
-  // # of bits in a number.
-  static const size_t kBitCount = 8*sizeof(RawType);
-
-  // # of fraction bits in a number.
-  static const size_t kFractionBitCount =
-    std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits - 1;
-
-  // # of exponent bits in a number.
-  static const size_t kExponentBitCount = kBitCount - 1 - kFractionBitCount;
-
-  // The mask for the sign bit.
-  static const Bits kSignBitMask = static_cast<Bits>(1) << (kBitCount - 1);
-
-  // The mask for the fraction bits.
-  static const Bits kFractionBitMask =
-    ~static_cast<Bits>(0) >> (kExponentBitCount + 1);
-
-  // The mask for the exponent bits.
-  static const Bits kExponentBitMask = ~(kSignBitMask | kFractionBitMask);
-
-  // How many ULP's (Units in the Last Place) we want to tolerate when
-  // comparing two numbers.  The larger the value, the more error we
-  // allow.  A 0 value means that two numbers must be exactly the same
-  // to be considered equal.
-  //
-  // The maximum error of a single floating-point operation is 0.5
-  // units in the last place.  On Intel CPU's, all floating-point
-  // calculations are done with 80-bit precision, while double has 64
-  // bits.  Therefore, 4 should be enough for ordinary use.
-  //
-  // See the following article for more details on ULP:
-  // http://randomascii.wordpress.com/2012/02/25/comparing-floating-point-numbers-2012-edition/
-  static const size_t kMaxUlps = 4;
-
-  // Constructs a FloatingPoint from a raw floating-point number.
-  //
-  // On an Intel CPU, passing a non-normalized NAN (Not a Number)
-  // around may change its bits, although the new value is guaranteed
-  // to be also a NAN.  Therefore, don't expect this constructor to
-  // preserve the bits in x when x is a NAN.
-  explicit FloatingPoint(const RawType& x) { u_.value_ = x; }
-
-  // Static methods
-
-  // Reinterprets a bit pattern as a floating-point number.
-  //
-  // This function is needed to test the AlmostEquals() method.
-  static RawType ReinterpretBits(const Bits bits) {
-    FloatingPoint fp(0);
-    fp.u_.bits_ = bits;
-    return fp.u_.value_;
-  }
-
-  // Returns the floating-point number that represent positive infinity.
-  static RawType Infinity() {
-    return ReinterpretBits(kExponentBitMask);
-  }
-
-  // Returns the maximum representable finite floating-point number.
-  static RawType Max();
-
-  // Non-static methods
-
-  // Returns the bits that represents this number.
-  const Bits &bits() const { return u_.bits_; }
-
-  // Returns the exponent bits of this number.
-  Bits exponent_bits() const { return kExponentBitMask & u_.bits_; }
-
-  // Returns the fraction bits of this number.
-  Bits fraction_bits() const { return kFractionBitMask & u_.bits_; }
-
-  // Returns the sign bit of this number.
-  Bits sign_bit() const { return kSignBitMask & u_.bits_; }
-
-  // Returns true iff this is NAN (not a number).
-  bool is_nan() const {
-    // It's a NAN if the exponent bits are all ones and the fraction
-    // bits are not entirely zeros.
-    return (exponent_bits() == kExponentBitMask) && (fraction_bits() != 0);
-  }
-
-  // Returns true iff this number is at most kMaxUlps ULP's away from
-  // rhs.  In particular, this function:
-  //
-  //   - returns false if either number is (or both are) NAN.
-  //   - treats really large numbers as almost equal to infinity.
-  //   - thinks +0.0 and -0.0 are 0 DLP's apart.
-  bool AlmostEquals(const FloatingPoint& rhs) const {
-    // The IEEE standard says that any comparison operation involving
-    // a NAN must return false.
-    if (is_nan() || rhs.is_nan()) return false;
-
-    return DistanceBetweenSignAndMagnitudeNumbers(u_.bits_, rhs.u_.bits_)
-        <= kMaxUlps;
-  }
-
- private:
-  // The data type used to store the actual floating-point number.
-  union FloatingPointUnion {
-    RawType value_;  // The raw floating-point number.
-    Bits bits_;      // The bits that represent the number.
-  };
-
-  // Converts an integer from the sign-and-magnitude representation to
-  // the biased representation.  More precisely, let N be 2 to the
-  // power of (kBitCount - 1), an integer x is represented by the
-  // unsigned number x + N.
-  //
-  // For instance,
-  //
-  //   -N + 1 (the most negative number representable using
-  //          sign-and-magnitude) is represented by 1;
-  //   0      is represented by N; and
-  //   N - 1  (the biggest number representable using
-  //          sign-and-magnitude) is represented by 2N - 1.
-  //
-  // Read http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed_number_representations
-  // for more details on signed number representations.
-  static Bits SignAndMagnitudeToBiased(const Bits &sam) {
-    if (kSignBitMask & sam) {
-      // sam represents a negative number.
-      return ~sam + 1;
-    } else {
-      // sam represents a positive number.
-      return kSignBitMask | sam;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Given two numbers in the sign-and-magnitude representation,
-  // returns the distance between them as an unsigned number.
-  static Bits DistanceBetweenSignAndMagnitudeNumbers(const Bits &sam1,
-                                                     const Bits &sam2) {
-    const Bits biased1 = SignAndMagnitudeToBiased(sam1);
-    const Bits biased2 = SignAndMagnitudeToBiased(sam2);
-    return (biased1 >= biased2) ? (biased1 - biased2) : (biased2 - biased1);
-  }
-
-  FloatingPointUnion u_;
-};
-
-// We cannot use std::numeric_limits<T>::max() as it clashes with the max()
-// macro defined by <windows.h>.
-template <>
-inline float FloatingPoint<float>::Max() { return FLT_MAX; }
-template <>
-inline double FloatingPoint<double>::Max() { return DBL_MAX; }
-
-// Typedefs the instances of the FloatingPoint template class that we
-// care to use.
-typedef FloatingPoint<float> Float;
-typedef FloatingPoint<double> Double;
-
-// In order to catch the mistake of putting tests that use different
-// test fixture classes in the same test case, we need to assign
-// unique IDs to fixture classes and compare them.  The TypeId type is
-// used to hold such IDs.  The user should treat TypeId as an opaque
-// type: the only operation allowed on TypeId values is to compare
-// them for equality using the == operator.
-typedef const void* TypeId;
-
-template <typename T>
-class TypeIdHelper {
- public:
-  // dummy_ must not have a const type.  Otherwise an overly eager
-  // compiler (e.g. MSVC 7.1 & 8.0) may try to merge
-  // TypeIdHelper<T>::dummy_ for different Ts as an "optimization".
-  static bool dummy_;
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-bool TypeIdHelper<T>::dummy_ = false;
-
-// GetTypeId<T>() returns the ID of type T.  Different values will be
-// returned for different types.  Calling the function twice with the
-// same type argument is guaranteed to return the same ID.
-template <typename T>
-TypeId GetTypeId() {
-  // The compiler is required to allocate a different
-  // TypeIdHelper<T>::dummy_ variable for each T used to instantiate
-  // the template.  Therefore, the address of dummy_ is guaranteed to
-  // be unique.
-  return &(TypeIdHelper<T>::dummy_);
-}
-
-// Returns the type ID of ::testing::Test.  Always call this instead
-// of GetTypeId< ::testing::Test>() to get the type ID of
-// ::testing::Test, as the latter may give the wrong result due to a
-// suspected linker bug when compiling Google Test as a Mac OS X
-// framework.
-GTEST_API_ TypeId GetTestTypeId();
-
-// Defines the abstract factory interface that creates instances
-// of a Test object.
-class TestFactoryBase {
- public:
-  virtual ~TestFactoryBase() {}
-
-  // Creates a test instance to run. The instance is both created and destroyed
-  // within TestInfoImpl::Run()
-  virtual Test* CreateTest() = 0;
-
- protected:
-  TestFactoryBase() {}
-
- private:
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestFactoryBase);
-};
-
-// This class provides implementation of TeastFactoryBase interface.
-// It is used in TEST and TEST_F macros.
-template <class TestClass>
-class TestFactoryImpl : public TestFactoryBase {
- public:
-  virtual Test* CreateTest() { return new TestClass; }
-};
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-// Predicate-formatters for implementing the HRESULT checking macros
-// {ASSERT|EXPECT}_HRESULT_{SUCCEEDED|FAILED}
-// We pass a long instead of HRESULT to avoid causing an
-// include dependency for the HRESULT type.
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsHRESULTSuccess(const char* expr,
-                                            long hr);  // NOLINT
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsHRESULTFailure(const char* expr,
-                                            long hr);  // NOLINT
-
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-// Types of SetUpTestCase() and TearDownTestCase() functions.
-typedef void (*SetUpTestCaseFunc)();
-typedef void (*TearDownTestCaseFunc)();
-
-// Creates a new TestInfo object and registers it with Google Test;
-// returns the created object.
-//
-// Arguments:
-//
-//   test_case_name:   name of the test case
-//   name:             name of the test
-//   type_param        the name of the test's type parameter, or NULL if
-//                     this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test.
-//   value_param       text representation of the test's value parameter,
-//                     or NULL if this is not a type-parameterized test.
-//   fixture_class_id: ID of the test fixture class
-//   set_up_tc:        pointer to the function that sets up the test case
-//   tear_down_tc:     pointer to the function that tears down the test case
-//   factory:          pointer to the factory that creates a test object.
-//                     The newly created TestInfo instance will assume
-//                     ownership of the factory object.
-GTEST_API_ TestInfo* MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-    const char* test_case_name,
-    const char* name,
-    const char* type_param,
-    const char* value_param,
-    TypeId fixture_class_id,
-    SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
-    TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc,
-    TestFactoryBase* factory);
-
-// If *pstr starts with the given prefix, modifies *pstr to be right
-// past the prefix and returns true; otherwise leaves *pstr unchanged
-// and returns false.  None of pstr, *pstr, and prefix can be NULL.
-GTEST_API_ bool SkipPrefix(const char* prefix, const char** pstr);
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST || GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
-
-// State of the definition of a type-parameterized test case.
-class GTEST_API_ TypedTestCasePState {
- public:
-  TypedTestCasePState() : registered_(false) {}
-
-  // Adds the given test name to defined_test_names_ and return true
-  // if the test case hasn't been registered; otherwise aborts the
-  // program.
-  bool AddTestName(const char* file, int line, const char* case_name,
-                   const char* test_name) {
-    if (registered_) {
-      fprintf(stderr, "%s Test %s must be defined before "
-              "REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(%s, ...).\n",
-              FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str(), test_name, case_name);
-      fflush(stderr);
-      posix::Abort();
-    }
-    defined_test_names_.insert(test_name);
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  // Verifies that registered_tests match the test names in
-  // defined_test_names_; returns registered_tests if successful, or
-  // aborts the program otherwise.
-  const char* VerifyRegisteredTestNames(
-      const char* file, int line, const char* registered_tests);
-
- private:
-  bool registered_;
-  ::std::set<const char*> defined_test_names_;
-};
-
-// Skips to the first non-space char after the first comma in 'str';
-// returns NULL if no comma is found in 'str'.
-inline const char* SkipComma(const char* str) {
-  const char* comma = strchr(str, ',');
-  if (comma == NULL) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  while (IsSpace(*(++comma))) {}
-  return comma;
-}
-
-// Returns the prefix of 'str' before the first comma in it; returns
-// the entire string if it contains no comma.
-inline std::string GetPrefixUntilComma(const char* str) {
-  const char* comma = strchr(str, ',');
-  return comma == NULL ? str : std::string(str, comma);
-}
-
-// TypeParameterizedTest<Fixture, TestSel, Types>::Register()
-// registers a list of type-parameterized tests with Google Test.  The
-// return value is insignificant - we just need to return something
-// such that we can call this function in a namespace scope.
-//
-// Implementation note: The GTEST_TEMPLATE_ macro declares a template
-// template parameter.  It's defined in gtest-type-util.h.
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ Fixture, class TestSel, typename Types>
-class TypeParameterizedTest {
- public:
-  // 'index' is the index of the test in the type list 'Types'
-  // specified in INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(Prefix, TestCase,
-  // Types).  Valid values for 'index' are [0, N - 1] where N is the
-  // length of Types.
-  static bool Register(const char* prefix, const char* case_name,
-                       const char* test_names, int index) {
-    typedef typename Types::Head Type;
-    typedef Fixture<Type> FixtureClass;
-    typedef typename GTEST_BIND_(TestSel, Type) TestClass;
-
-    // First, registers the first type-parameterized test in the type
-    // list.
-    MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-        (std::string(prefix) + (prefix[0] == '\0' ? "" : "/") + case_name + "/"
-         + StreamableToString(index)).c_str(),
-        GetPrefixUntilComma(test_names).c_str(),
-        GetTypeName<Type>().c_str(),
-        NULL,  // No value parameter.
-        GetTypeId<FixtureClass>(),
-        TestClass::SetUpTestCase,
-        TestClass::TearDownTestCase,
-        new TestFactoryImpl<TestClass>);
-
-    // Next, recurses (at compile time) with the tail of the type list.
-    return TypeParameterizedTest<Fixture, TestSel, typename Types::Tail>
-        ::Register(prefix, case_name, test_names, index + 1);
-  }
-};
-
-// The base case for the compile time recursion.
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ Fixture, class TestSel>
-class TypeParameterizedTest<Fixture, TestSel, Types0> {
- public:
-  static bool Register(const char* /*prefix*/, const char* /*case_name*/,
-                       const char* /*test_names*/, int /*index*/) {
-    return true;
-  }
-};
-
-// TypeParameterizedTestCase<Fixture, Tests, Types>::Register()
-// registers *all combinations* of 'Tests' and 'Types' with Google
-// Test.  The return value is insignificant - we just need to return
-// something such that we can call this function in a namespace scope.
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ Fixture, typename Tests, typename Types>
-class TypeParameterizedTestCase {
- public:
-  static bool Register(const char* prefix, const char* case_name,
-                       const char* test_names) {
-    typedef typename Tests::Head Head;
-
-    // First, register the first test in 'Test' for each type in 'Types'.
-    TypeParameterizedTest<Fixture, Head, Types>::Register(
-        prefix, case_name, test_names, 0);
-
-    // Next, recurses (at compile time) with the tail of the test list.
-    return TypeParameterizedTestCase<Fixture, typename Tests::Tail, Types>
-        ::Register(prefix, case_name, SkipComma(test_names));
-  }
-};
-
-// The base case for the compile time recursion.
-template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ Fixture, typename Types>
-class TypeParameterizedTestCase<Fixture, Templates0, Types> {
- public:
-  static bool Register(const char* /*prefix*/, const char* /*case_name*/,
-                       const char* /*test_names*/) {
-    return true;
-  }
-};
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST || GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
-
-// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
-//
-// The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
-// the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
-// specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
-// count against the number of frames to be included.
-//
-// For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
-// GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(..., 1), Foo() will be included in
-// the trace but Bar() and GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
-GTEST_API_ std::string GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(
-    UnitTest* unit_test, int skip_count);
-
-// Helpers for suppressing warnings on unreachable code or constant
-// condition.
-
-// Always returns true.
-GTEST_API_ bool AlwaysTrue();
-
-// Always returns false.
-inline bool AlwaysFalse() { return !AlwaysTrue(); }
-
-// Helper for suppressing false warning from Clang on a const char*
-// variable declared in a conditional expression always being NULL in
-// the else branch.
-struct GTEST_API_ ConstCharPtr {
-  ConstCharPtr(const char* str) : value(str) {}
-  operator bool() const { return true; }
-  const char* value;
-};
-
-// A simple Linear Congruential Generator for generating random
-// numbers with a uniform distribution.  Unlike rand() and srand(), it
-// doesn't use global state (and therefore can't interfere with user
-// code).  Unlike rand_r(), it's portable.  An LCG isn't very random,
-// but it's good enough for our purposes.
-class GTEST_API_ Random {
- public:
-  static const UInt32 kMaxRange = 1u << 31;
-
-  explicit Random(UInt32 seed) : state_(seed) {}
-
-  void Reseed(UInt32 seed) { state_ = seed; }
-
-  // Generates a random number from [0, range).  Crashes if 'range' is
-  // 0 or greater than kMaxRange.
-  UInt32 Generate(UInt32 range);
-
- private:
-  UInt32 state_;
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Random);
-};
-
-// Defining a variable of type CompileAssertTypesEqual<T1, T2> will cause a
-// compiler error iff T1 and T2 are different types.
-template <typename T1, typename T2>
-struct CompileAssertTypesEqual;
-
-template <typename T>
-struct CompileAssertTypesEqual<T, T> {
-};
-
-// Removes the reference from a type if it is a reference type,
-// otherwise leaves it unchanged.  This is the same as
-// tr1::remove_reference, which is not widely available yet.
-template <typename T>
-struct RemoveReference { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT
-template <typename T>
-struct RemoveReference<T&> { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT
-
-// A handy wrapper around RemoveReference that works when the argument
-// T depends on template parameters.
-#define GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_(T) \
-    typename ::testing::internal::RemoveReference<T>::type
-
-// Removes const from a type if it is a const type, otherwise leaves
-// it unchanged.  This is the same as tr1::remove_const, which is not
-// widely available yet.
-template <typename T>
-struct RemoveConst { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT
-template <typename T>
-struct RemoveConst<const T> { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT
-
-// MSVC 8.0, Sun C++, and IBM XL C++ have a bug which causes the above
-// definition to fail to remove the const in 'const int[3]' and 'const
-// char[3][4]'.  The following specialization works around the bug.
-template <typename T, size_t N>
-struct RemoveConst<const T[N]> {
-  typedef typename RemoveConst<T>::type type[N];
-};
-
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1400
-// This is the only specialization that allows VC++ 7.1 to remove const in
-// 'const int[3] and 'const int[3][4]'.  However, it causes trouble with GCC
-// and thus needs to be conditionally compiled.
-template <typename T, size_t N>
-struct RemoveConst<T[N]> {
-  typedef typename RemoveConst<T>::type type[N];
-};
-#endif
-
-// A handy wrapper around RemoveConst that works when the argument
-// T depends on template parameters.
-#define GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_(T) \
-    typename ::testing::internal::RemoveConst<T>::type
-
-// Turns const U&, U&, const U, and U all into U.
-#define GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(T) \
-    GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_(GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_(T))
-
-// Adds reference to a type if it is not a reference type,
-// otherwise leaves it unchanged.  This is the same as
-// tr1::add_reference, which is not widely available yet.
-template <typename T>
-struct AddReference { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
-template <typename T>
-struct AddReference<T&> { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
-
-// A handy wrapper around AddReference that works when the argument T
-// depends on template parameters.
-#define GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_(T) \
-    typename ::testing::internal::AddReference<T>::type
-
-// Adds a reference to const on top of T as necessary.  For example,
-// it transforms
-//
-//   char         ==> const char&
-//   const char   ==> const char&
-//   char&        ==> const char&
-//   const char&  ==> const char&
-//
-// The argument T must depend on some template parameters.
-#define GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(T) \
-    GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_(const GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_(T))
-
-// ImplicitlyConvertible<From, To>::value is a compile-time bool
-// constant that's true iff type From can be implicitly converted to
-// type To.
-template <typename From, typename To>
-class ImplicitlyConvertible {
- private:
-  // We need the following helper functions only for their types.
-  // They have no implementations.
-
-  // MakeFrom() is an expression whose type is From.  We cannot simply
-  // use From(), as the type From may not have a public default
-  // constructor.
-  static typename AddReference<From>::type MakeFrom();
-
-  // These two functions are overloaded.  Given an expression
-  // Helper(x), the compiler will pick the first version if x can be
-  // implicitly converted to type To; otherwise it will pick the
-  // second version.
-  //
-  // The first version returns a value of size 1, and the second
-  // version returns a value of size 2.  Therefore, by checking the
-  // size of Helper(x), which can be done at compile time, we can tell
-  // which version of Helper() is used, and hence whether x can be
-  // implicitly converted to type To.
-  static char Helper(To);
-  static char (&Helper(...))[2];  // NOLINT
-
-  // We have to put the 'public' section after the 'private' section,
-  // or MSVC refuses to compile the code.
- public:
-  // MSVC warns about implicitly converting from double to int for
-  // possible loss of data, so we need to temporarily disable the
-  // warning.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4244)  // Temporarily disables warning 4244.
-
-  static const bool value =
-      sizeof(Helper(ImplicitlyConvertible::MakeFrom())) == 1;
-# pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
-#elif defined(__BORLANDC__)
-  // C++Builder cannot use member overload resolution during template
-  // instantiation.  The simplest workaround is to use its C++0x type traits
-  // functions (C++Builder 2009 and above only).
-  static const bool value = __is_convertible(From, To);
-#else
-  static const bool value =
-      sizeof(Helper(ImplicitlyConvertible::MakeFrom())) == 1;
-#endif  // _MSV_VER
-};
-template <typename From, typename To>
-const bool ImplicitlyConvertible<From, To>::value;
-
-// IsAProtocolMessage<T>::value is a compile-time bool constant that's
-// true iff T is type ProtocolMessage, proto2::Message, or a subclass
-// of those.
-template <typename T>
-struct IsAProtocolMessage
-    : public bool_constant<
-  ImplicitlyConvertible<const T*, const ::ProtocolMessage*>::value ||
-  ImplicitlyConvertible<const T*, const ::proto2::Message*>::value> {
-};
-
-// When the compiler sees expression IsContainerTest<C>(0), if C is an
-// STL-style container class, the first overload of IsContainerTest
-// will be viable (since both C::iterator* and C::const_iterator* are
-// valid types and NULL can be implicitly converted to them).  It will
-// be picked over the second overload as 'int' is a perfect match for
-// the type of argument 0.  If C::iterator or C::const_iterator is not
-// a valid type, the first overload is not viable, and the second
-// overload will be picked.  Therefore, we can determine whether C is
-// a container class by checking the type of IsContainerTest<C>(0).
-// The value of the expression is insignificant.
-//
-// Note that we look for both C::iterator and C::const_iterator.  The
-// reason is that C++ injects the name of a class as a member of the
-// class itself (e.g. you can refer to class iterator as either
-// 'iterator' or 'iterator::iterator').  If we look for C::iterator
-// only, for example, we would mistakenly think that a class named
-// iterator is an STL container.
-//
-// Also note that the simpler approach of overloading
-// IsContainerTest(typename C::const_iterator*) and
-// IsContainerTest(...) doesn't work with Visual Age C++ and Sun C++.
-typedef int IsContainer;
-template <class C>
-IsContainer IsContainerTest(int /* dummy */,
-                            typename C::iterator* /* it */ = NULL,
-                            typename C::const_iterator* /* const_it */ = NULL) {
-  return 0;
-}
-
-typedef char IsNotContainer;
-template <class C>
-IsNotContainer IsContainerTest(long /* dummy */) { return '\0'; }
-
-// EnableIf<condition>::type is void when 'Cond' is true, and
-// undefined when 'Cond' is false.  To use SFINAE to make a function
-// overload only apply when a particular expression is true, add
-// "typename EnableIf<expression>::type* = 0" as the last parameter.
-template<bool> struct EnableIf;
-template<> struct EnableIf<true> { typedef void type; };  // NOLINT
-
-// Utilities for native arrays.
-
-// ArrayEq() compares two k-dimensional native arrays using the
-// elements' operator==, where k can be any integer >= 0.  When k is
-// 0, ArrayEq() degenerates into comparing a single pair of values.
-
-template <typename T, typename U>
-bool ArrayEq(const T* lhs, size_t size, const U* rhs);
-
-// This generic version is used when k is 0.
-template <typename T, typename U>
-inline bool ArrayEq(const T& lhs, const U& rhs) { return lhs == rhs; }
-
-// This overload is used when k >= 1.
-template <typename T, typename U, size_t N>
-inline bool ArrayEq(const T(&lhs)[N], const U(&rhs)[N]) {
-  return internal::ArrayEq(lhs, N, rhs);
-}
-
-// This helper reduces code bloat.  If we instead put its logic inside
-// the previous ArrayEq() function, arrays with different sizes would
-// lead to different copies of the template code.
-template <typename T, typename U>
-bool ArrayEq(const T* lhs, size_t size, const U* rhs) {
-  for (size_t i = 0; i != size; i++) {
-    if (!internal::ArrayEq(lhs[i], rhs[i]))
-      return false;
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
-// Finds the first element in the iterator range [begin, end) that
-// equals elem.  Element may be a native array type itself.
-template <typename Iter, typename Element>
-Iter ArrayAwareFind(Iter begin, Iter end, const Element& elem) {
-  for (Iter it = begin; it != end; ++it) {
-    if (internal::ArrayEq(*it, elem))
-      return it;
-  }
-  return end;
-}
-
-// CopyArray() copies a k-dimensional native array using the elements'
-// operator=, where k can be any integer >= 0.  When k is 0,
-// CopyArray() degenerates into copying a single value.
-
-template <typename T, typename U>
-void CopyArray(const T* from, size_t size, U* to);
-
-// This generic version is used when k is 0.
-template <typename T, typename U>
-inline void CopyArray(const T& from, U* to) { *to = from; }
-
-// This overload is used when k >= 1.
-template <typename T, typename U, size_t N>
-inline void CopyArray(const T(&from)[N], U(*to)[N]) {
-  internal::CopyArray(from, N, *to);
-}
-
-// This helper reduces code bloat.  If we instead put its logic inside
-// the previous CopyArray() function, arrays with different sizes
-// would lead to different copies of the template code.
-template <typename T, typename U>
-void CopyArray(const T* from, size_t size, U* to) {
-  for (size_t i = 0; i != size; i++) {
-    internal::CopyArray(from[i], to + i);
-  }
-}
-
-// The relation between an NativeArray object (see below) and the
-// native array it represents.
-enum RelationToSource {
-  kReference,  // The NativeArray references the native array.
-  kCopy        // The NativeArray makes a copy of the native array and
-               // owns the copy.
-};
-
-// Adapts a native array to a read-only STL-style container.  Instead
-// of the complete STL container concept, this adaptor only implements
-// members useful for Google Mock's container matchers.  New members
-// should be added as needed.  To simplify the implementation, we only
-// support Element being a raw type (i.e. having no top-level const or
-// reference modifier).  It's the client's responsibility to satisfy
-// this requirement.  Element can be an array type itself (hence
-// multi-dimensional arrays are supported).
-template <typename Element>
-class NativeArray {
- public:
-  // STL-style container typedefs.
-  typedef Element value_type;
-  typedef Element* iterator;
-  typedef const Element* const_iterator;
-
-  // Constructs from a native array.
-  NativeArray(const Element* array, size_t count, RelationToSource relation) {
-    Init(array, count, relation);
-  }
-
-  // Copy constructor.
-  NativeArray(const NativeArray& rhs) {
-    Init(rhs.array_, rhs.size_, rhs.relation_to_source_);
-  }
-
-  ~NativeArray() {
-    // Ensures that the user doesn't instantiate NativeArray with a
-    // const or reference type.
-    static_cast<void>(StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<Element,
-        GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Element)>());
-    if (relation_to_source_ == kCopy)
-      delete[] array_;
-  }
-
-  // STL-style container methods.
-  size_t size() const { return size_; }
-  const_iterator begin() const { return array_; }
-  const_iterator end() const { return array_ + size_; }
-  bool operator==(const NativeArray& rhs) const {
-    return size() == rhs.size() &&
-        ArrayEq(begin(), size(), rhs.begin());
-  }
-
- private:
-  // Initializes this object; makes a copy of the input array if
-  // 'relation' is kCopy.
-  void Init(const Element* array, size_t a_size, RelationToSource relation) {
-    if (relation == kReference) {
-      array_ = array;
-    } else {
-      Element* const copy = new Element[a_size];
-      CopyArray(array, a_size, copy);
-      array_ = copy;
-    }
-    size_ = a_size;
-    relation_to_source_ = relation;
-  }
-
-  const Element* array_;
-  size_t size_;
-  RelationToSource relation_to_source_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(NativeArray);
-};
-
-}  // namespace internal
-}  // namespace testing
-
-#define GTEST_MESSAGE_AT_(file, line, message, result_type) \
-  ::testing::internal::AssertHelper(result_type, file, line, message) \
-    = ::testing::Message()
-
-#define GTEST_MESSAGE_(message, result_type) \
-  GTEST_MESSAGE_AT_(__FILE__, __LINE__, message, result_type)
-
-#define GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_(message) \
-  return GTEST_MESSAGE_(message, ::testing::TestPartResult::kFatalFailure)
-
-#define GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_(message) \
-  GTEST_MESSAGE_(message, ::testing::TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure)
-
-#define GTEST_SUCCESS_(message) \
-  GTEST_MESSAGE_(message, ::testing::TestPartResult::kSuccess)
-
-// Suppresses MSVC warnings 4072 (unreachable code) for the code following
-// statement if it returns or throws (or doesn't return or throw in some
-// situations).
-#define GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement) \
-  if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { statement; }
-
-#define GTEST_TEST_THROW_(statement, expected_exception, fail) \
-  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
-  if (::testing::internal::ConstCharPtr gtest_msg = "") { \
-    bool gtest_caught_expected = false; \
-    try { \
-      GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
-    } \
-    catch (expected_exception const&) { \
-      gtest_caught_expected = true; \
-    } \
-    catch (...) { \
-      gtest_msg.value = \
-          "Expected: " #statement " throws an exception of type " \
-          #expected_exception ".\n  Actual: it throws a different type."; \
-      goto GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testthrow_, __LINE__); \
-    } \
-    if (!gtest_caught_expected) { \
-      gtest_msg.value = \
-          "Expected: " #statement " throws an exception of type " \
-          #expected_exception ".\n  Actual: it throws nothing."; \
-      goto GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testthrow_, __LINE__); \
-    } \
-  } else \
-    GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testthrow_, __LINE__): \
-      fail(gtest_msg.value)
-
-#define GTEST_TEST_NO_THROW_(statement, fail) \
-  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
-  if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { \
-    try { \
-      GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
-    } \
-    catch (...) { \
-      goto GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testnothrow_, __LINE__); \
-    } \
-  } else \
-    GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testnothrow_, __LINE__): \
-      fail("Expected: " #statement " doesn't throw an exception.\n" \
-           "  Actual: it throws.")
-
-#define GTEST_TEST_ANY_THROW_(statement, fail) \
-  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
-  if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { \
-    bool gtest_caught_any = false; \
-    try { \
-      GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
-    } \
-    catch (...) { \
-      gtest_caught_any = true; \
-    } \
-    if (!gtest_caught_any) { \
-      goto GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testanythrow_, __LINE__); \
-    } \
-  } else \
-    GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testanythrow_, __LINE__): \
-      fail("Expected: " #statement " throws an exception.\n" \
-           "  Actual: it doesn't.")
-
-
-// Implements Boolean test assertions such as EXPECT_TRUE. expression can be
-// either a boolean expression or an AssertionResult. text is a textual
-// represenation of expression as it was passed into the EXPECT_TRUE.
-#define GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_(expression, text, actual, expected, fail) \
-  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
-  if (const ::testing::AssertionResult gtest_ar_ = \
-      ::testing::AssertionResult(expression)) \
-    ; \
-  else \
-    fail(::testing::internal::GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(\
-        gtest_ar_, text, #actual, #expected).c_str())
-
-#define GTEST_TEST_NO_FATAL_FAILURE_(statement, fail) \
-  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
-  if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { \
-    ::testing::internal::HasNewFatalFailureHelper gtest_fatal_failure_checker; \
-    GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
-    if (gtest_fatal_failure_checker.has_new_fatal_failure()) { \
-      goto GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testnofatal_, __LINE__); \
-    } \
-  } else \
-    GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testnofatal_, __LINE__): \
-      fail("Expected: " #statement " doesn't generate new fatal " \
-           "failures in the current thread.\n" \
-           "  Actual: it does.")
-
-// Expands to the name of the class that implements the given test.
-#define GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name) \
-  test_case_name##_##test_name##_Test
-
-// Helper macro for defining tests.
-#define GTEST_TEST_(test_case_name, test_name, parent_class, parent_id)\
-class GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name) : public parent_class {\
- public:\
-  GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)() {}\
- private:\
-  virtual void TestBody();\
-  static ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;\
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(\
-      GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name));\
-};\
-\
-::testing::TestInfo* const GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)\
-  ::test_info_ =\
-    ::testing::internal::MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(\
-        #test_case_name, #test_name, NULL, NULL, \
-        (parent_id), \
-        parent_class::SetUpTestCase, \
-        parent_class::TearDownTestCase, \
-        new ::testing::internal::TestFactoryImpl<\
-            GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)>);\
-void GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)::TestBody()
-
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_INTERNAL_H_
-// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-//
-// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
-//
-// This header file defines the public API for death tests.  It is
-// #included by gtest.h so a user doesn't need to include this
-// directly.
-
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_DEATH_TEST_H_
-#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_DEATH_TEST_H_
-
-// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Authors: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), eefacm@gmail.com (Sean Mcafee)
-//
-// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
-//
-// This header file defines internal utilities needed for implementing
-// death tests.  They are subject to change without notice.
-
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_DEATH_TEST_INTERNAL_H_
-#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_DEATH_TEST_INTERNAL_H_
-
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-namespace testing {
-namespace internal {
-
-GTEST_DECLARE_string_(internal_run_death_test);
-
-// Names of the flags (needed for parsing Google Test flags).
-const char kDeathTestStyleFlag[] = "death_test_style";
-const char kDeathTestUseFork[] = "death_test_use_fork";
-const char kInternalRunDeathTestFlag[] = "internal_run_death_test";
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-// DeathTest is a class that hides much of the complexity of the
-// GTEST_DEATH_TEST_ macro.  It is abstract; its static Create method
-// returns a concrete class that depends on the prevailing death test
-// style, as defined by the --gtest_death_test_style and/or
-// --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags.
-
-// In describing the results of death tests, these terms are used with
-// the corresponding definitions:
-//
-// exit status:  The integer exit information in the format specified
-//               by wait(2)
-// exit code:    The integer code passed to exit(3), _exit(2), or
-//               returned from main()
-class GTEST_API_ DeathTest {
- public:
-  // Create returns false if there was an error determining the
-  // appropriate action to take for the current death test; for example,
-  // if the gtest_death_test_style flag is set to an invalid value.
-  // The LastMessage method will return a more detailed message in that
-  // case.  Otherwise, the DeathTest pointer pointed to by the "test"
-  // argument is set.  If the death test should be skipped, the pointer
-  // is set to NULL; otherwise, it is set to the address of a new concrete
-  // DeathTest object that controls the execution of the current test.
-  static bool Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
-                     const char* file, int line, DeathTest** test);
-  DeathTest();
-  virtual ~DeathTest() { }
-
-  // A helper class that aborts a death test when it's deleted.
-  class ReturnSentinel {
-   public:
-    explicit ReturnSentinel(DeathTest* test) : test_(test) { }
-    ~ReturnSentinel() { test_->Abort(TEST_ENCOUNTERED_RETURN_STATEMENT); }
-   private:
-    DeathTest* const test_;
-    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ReturnSentinel);
-  } GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;
-
-  // An enumeration of possible roles that may be taken when a death
-  // test is encountered.  EXECUTE means that the death test logic should
-  // be executed immediately.  OVERSEE means that the program should prepare
-  // the appropriate environment for a child process to execute the death
-  // test, then wait for it to complete.
-  enum TestRole { OVERSEE_TEST, EXECUTE_TEST };
-
-  // An enumeration of the three reasons that a test might be aborted.
-  enum AbortReason {
-    TEST_ENCOUNTERED_RETURN_STATEMENT,
-    TEST_THREW_EXCEPTION,
-    TEST_DID_NOT_DIE
-  };
-
-  // Assumes one of the above roles.
-  virtual TestRole AssumeRole() = 0;
-
-  // Waits for the death test to finish and returns its status.
-  virtual int Wait() = 0;
-
-  // Returns true if the death test passed; that is, the test process
-  // exited during the test, its exit status matches a user-supplied
-  // predicate, and its stderr output matches a user-supplied regular
-  // expression.
-  // The user-supplied predicate may be a macro expression rather
-  // than a function pointer or functor, or else Wait and Passed could
-  // be combined.
-  virtual bool Passed(bool exit_status_ok) = 0;
-
-  // Signals that the death test did not die as expected.
-  virtual void Abort(AbortReason reason) = 0;
-
-  // Returns a human-readable outcome message regarding the outcome of
-  // the last death test.
-  static const char* LastMessage();
-
-  static void set_last_death_test_message(const std::string& message);
-
- private:
-  // A string containing a description of the outcome of the last death test.
-  static std::string last_death_test_message_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DeathTest);
-};
-
-// Factory interface for death tests.  May be mocked out for testing.
-class DeathTestFactory {
- public:
-  virtual ~DeathTestFactory() { }
-  virtual bool Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
-                      const char* file, int line, DeathTest** test) = 0;
-};
-
-// A concrete DeathTestFactory implementation for normal use.
-class DefaultDeathTestFactory : public DeathTestFactory {
- public:
-  virtual bool Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
-                      const char* file, int line, DeathTest** test);
-};
-
-// Returns true if exit_status describes a process that was terminated
-// by a signal, or exited normally with a nonzero exit code.
-GTEST_API_ bool ExitedUnsuccessfully(int exit_status);
-
-// Traps C++ exceptions escaping statement and reports them as test
-// failures. Note that trapping SEH exceptions is not implemented here.
-# if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-#  define GTEST_EXECUTE_DEATH_TEST_STATEMENT_(statement, death_test) \
-  try { \
-    GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
-  } catch (const ::std::exception& gtest_exception) { \
-    fprintf(\
-        stderr, \
-        "\n%s: Caught std::exception-derived exception escaping the " \
-        "death test statement. Exception message: %s\n", \
-        ::testing::internal::FormatFileLocation(__FILE__, __LINE__).c_str(), \
-        gtest_exception.what()); \
-    fflush(stderr); \
-    death_test->Abort(::testing::internal::DeathTest::TEST_THREW_EXCEPTION); \
-  } catch (...) { \
-    death_test->Abort(::testing::internal::DeathTest::TEST_THREW_EXCEPTION); \
-  }
-
-# else
-#  define GTEST_EXECUTE_DEATH_TEST_STATEMENT_(statement, death_test) \
-  GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement)
-
-# endif
-
-// This macro is for implementing ASSERT_DEATH*, EXPECT_DEATH*,
-// ASSERT_EXIT*, and EXPECT_EXIT*.
-# define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_(statement, predicate, regex, fail) \
-  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
-  if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { \
-    const ::testing::internal::RE& gtest_regex = (regex); \
-    ::testing::internal::DeathTest* gtest_dt; \
-    if (!::testing::internal::DeathTest::Create(#statement, &gtest_regex, \
-        __FILE__, __LINE__, &gtest_dt)) { \
-      goto GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_, __LINE__); \
-    } \
-    if (gtest_dt != NULL) { \
-      ::testing::internal::scoped_ptr< ::testing::internal::DeathTest> \
-          gtest_dt_ptr(gtest_dt); \
-      switch (gtest_dt->AssumeRole()) { \
-        case ::testing::internal::DeathTest::OVERSEE_TEST: \
-          if (!gtest_dt->Passed(predicate(gtest_dt->Wait()))) { \
-            goto GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_, __LINE__); \
-          } \
-          break; \
-        case ::testing::internal::DeathTest::EXECUTE_TEST: { \
-          ::testing::internal::DeathTest::ReturnSentinel \
-              gtest_sentinel(gtest_dt); \
-          GTEST_EXECUTE_DEATH_TEST_STATEMENT_(statement, gtest_dt); \
-          gtest_dt->Abort(::testing::internal::DeathTest::TEST_DID_NOT_DIE); \
-          break; \
-        } \
-        default: \
-          break; \
-      } \
-    } \
-  } else \
-    GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_, __LINE__): \
-      fail(::testing::internal::DeathTest::LastMessage())
-// The symbol "fail" here expands to something into which a message
-// can be streamed.
-
-// This macro is for implementing ASSERT/EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH when compiled in
-// NDEBUG mode. In this case we need the statements to be executed, the regex is
-// ignored, and the macro must accept a streamed message even though the message
-// is never printed.
-# define GTEST_EXECUTE_STATEMENT_(statement, regex) \
-  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
-  if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { \
-     GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
-  } else \
-    ::testing::Message()
-
-// A class representing the parsed contents of the
-// --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag, as it existed when
-// RUN_ALL_TESTS was called.
-class InternalRunDeathTestFlag {
- public:
-  InternalRunDeathTestFlag(const std::string& a_file,
-                           int a_line,
-                           int an_index,
-                           int a_write_fd)
-      : file_(a_file), line_(a_line), index_(an_index),
-        write_fd_(a_write_fd) {}
-
-  ~InternalRunDeathTestFlag() {
-    if (write_fd_ >= 0)
-      posix::Close(write_fd_);
-  }
-
-  const std::string& file() const { return file_; }
-  int line() const { return line_; }
-  int index() const { return index_; }
-  int write_fd() const { return write_fd_; }
-
- private:
-  std::string file_;
-  int line_;
-  int index_;
-  int write_fd_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(InternalRunDeathTestFlag);
-};
-
-// Returns a newly created InternalRunDeathTestFlag object with fields
-// initialized from the GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) flag if
-// the flag is specified; otherwise returns NULL.
-InternalRunDeathTestFlag* ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag();
-
-#else  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-// This macro is used for implementing macros such as
-// EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED and ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED on systems where
-// death tests are not supported. Those macros must compile on such systems
-// iff EXPECT_DEATH and ASSERT_DEATH compile with the same parameters on
-// systems that support death tests. This allows one to write such a macro
-// on a system that does not support death tests and be sure that it will
-// compile on a death-test supporting system.
-//
-// Parameters:
-//   statement -  A statement that a macro such as EXPECT_DEATH would test
-//                for program termination. This macro has to make sure this
-//                statement is compiled but not executed, to ensure that
-//                EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED compiles with a certain
-//                parameter iff EXPECT_DEATH compiles with it.
-//   regex     -  A regex that a macro such as EXPECT_DEATH would use to test
-//                the output of statement.  This parameter has to be
-//                compiled but not evaluated by this macro, to ensure that
-//                this macro only accepts expressions that a macro such as
-//                EXPECT_DEATH would accept.
-//   terminator - Must be an empty statement for EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED
-//                and a return statement for ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED.
-//                This ensures that ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED will not
-//                compile inside functions where ASSERT_DEATH doesn't
-//                compile.
-//
-//  The branch that has an always false condition is used to ensure that
-//  statement and regex are compiled (and thus syntactically correct) but
-//  never executed. The unreachable code macro protects the terminator
-//  statement from generating an 'unreachable code' warning in case
-//  statement unconditionally returns or throws. The Message constructor at
-//  the end allows the syntax of streaming additional messages into the
-//  macro, for compilational compatibility with EXPECT_DEATH/ASSERT_DEATH.
-# define GTEST_UNSUPPORTED_DEATH_TEST_(statement, regex, terminator) \
-    GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
-    if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { \
-      GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) \
-          << "Death tests are not supported on this platform.\n" \
-          << "Statement '" #statement "' cannot be verified."; \
-    } else if (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse()) { \
-      ::testing::internal::RE::PartialMatch(".*", (regex)); \
-      GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
-      terminator; \
-    } else \
-      ::testing::Message()
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-}  // namespace internal
-}  // namespace testing
-
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_DEATH_TEST_INTERNAL_H_
-
-namespace testing {
-
-// This flag controls the style of death tests.  Valid values are "threadsafe",
-// meaning that the death test child process will re-execute the test binary
-// from the start, running only a single death test, or "fast",
-// meaning that the child process will execute the test logic immediately
-// after forking.
-GTEST_DECLARE_string_(death_test_style);
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the caller is currently
-// executing in the context of the death test child process.  Tools such as
-// Valgrind heap checkers may need this to modify their behavior in death
-// tests.  IMPORTANT: This is an internal utility.  Using it may break the
-// implementation of death tests.  User code MUST NOT use it.
-GTEST_API_ bool InDeathTestChild();
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-// The following macros are useful for writing death tests.
-
-// Here's what happens when an ASSERT_DEATH* or EXPECT_DEATH* is
-// executed:
-//
-//   1. It generates a warning if there is more than one active
-//   thread.  This is because it's safe to fork() or clone() only
-//   when there is a single thread.
-//
-//   2. The parent process clone()s a sub-process and runs the death
-//   test in it; the sub-process exits with code 0 at the end of the
-//   death test, if it hasn't exited already.
-//
-//   3. The parent process waits for the sub-process to terminate.
-//
-//   4. The parent process checks the exit code and error message of
-//   the sub-process.
-//
-// Examples:
-//
-//   ASSERT_DEATH(server.SendMessage(56, "Hello"), "Invalid port number");
-//   for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-//     EXPECT_DEATH(server.ProcessRequest(i),
-//                  "Invalid request .* in ProcessRequest()")
-//                  << "Failed to die on request " << i;
-//   }
-//
-//   ASSERT_EXIT(server.ExitNow(), ::testing::ExitedWithCode(0), "Exiting");
-//
-//   bool KilledBySIGHUP(int exit_code) {
-//     return WIFSIGNALED(exit_code) && WTERMSIG(exit_code) == SIGHUP;
-//   }
-//
-//   ASSERT_EXIT(client.HangUpServer(), KilledBySIGHUP, "Hanging up!");
-//
-// On the regular expressions used in death tests:
-//
-//   On POSIX-compliant systems (*nix), we use the <regex.h> library,
-//   which uses the POSIX extended regex syntax.
-//
-//   On other platforms (e.g. Windows), we only support a simple regex
-//   syntax implemented as part of Google Test.  This limited
-//   implementation should be enough most of the time when writing
-//   death tests; though it lacks many features you can find in PCRE
-//   or POSIX extended regex syntax.  For example, we don't support
-//   union ("x|y"), grouping ("(xy)"), brackets ("[xy]"), and
-//   repetition count ("x{5,7}"), among others.
-//
-//   Below is the syntax that we do support.  We chose it to be a
-//   subset of both PCRE and POSIX extended regex, so it's easy to
-//   learn wherever you come from.  In the following: 'A' denotes a
-//   literal character, period (.), or a single \\ escape sequence;
-//   'x' and 'y' denote regular expressions; 'm' and 'n' are for
-//   natural numbers.
-//
-//     c     matches any literal character c
-//     \\d   matches any decimal digit
-//     \\D   matches any character that's not a decimal digit
-//     \\f   matches \f
-//     \\n   matches \n
-//     \\r   matches \r
-//     \\s   matches any ASCII whitespace, including \n
-//     \\S   matches any character that's not a whitespace
-//     \\t   matches \t
-//     \\v   matches \v
-//     \\w   matches any letter, _, or decimal digit
-//     \\W   matches any character that \\w doesn't match
-//     \\c   matches any literal character c, which must be a punctuation
-//     .     matches any single character except \n
-//     A?    matches 0 or 1 occurrences of A
-//     A*    matches 0 or many occurrences of A
-//     A+    matches 1 or many occurrences of A
-//     ^     matches the beginning of a string (not that of each line)
-//     $     matches the end of a string (not that of each line)
-//     xy    matches x followed by y
-//
-//   If you accidentally use PCRE or POSIX extended regex features
-//   not implemented by us, you will get a run-time failure.  In that
-//   case, please try to rewrite your regular expression within the
-//   above syntax.
-//
-//   This implementation is *not* meant to be as highly tuned or robust
-//   as a compiled regex library, but should perform well enough for a
-//   death test, which already incurs significant overhead by launching
-//   a child process.
-//
-// Known caveats:
-//
-//   A "threadsafe" style death test obtains the path to the test
-//   program from argv[0] and re-executes it in the sub-process.  For
-//   simplicity, the current implementation doesn't search the PATH
-//   when launching the sub-process.  This means that the user must
-//   invoke the test program via a path that contains at least one
-//   path separator (e.g. path/to/foo_test and
-//   /absolute/path/to/bar_test are fine, but foo_test is not).  This
-//   is rarely a problem as people usually don't put the test binary
-//   directory in PATH.
-//
-// TODO(wan@google.com): make thread-safe death tests search the PATH.
-
-// Asserts that a given statement causes the program to exit, with an
-// integer exit status that satisfies predicate, and emitting error output
-// that matches regex.
-# define ASSERT_EXIT(statement, predicate, regex) \
-    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_(statement, predicate, regex, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
-
-// Like ASSERT_EXIT, but continues on to successive tests in the
-// test case, if any:
-# define EXPECT_EXIT(statement, predicate, regex) \
-    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_(statement, predicate, regex, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
-
-// Asserts that a given statement causes the program to exit, either by
-// explicitly exiting with a nonzero exit code or being killed by a
-// signal, and emitting error output that matches regex.
-# define ASSERT_DEATH(statement, regex) \
-    ASSERT_EXIT(statement, ::testing::internal::ExitedUnsuccessfully, regex)
-
-// Like ASSERT_DEATH, but continues on to successive tests in the
-// test case, if any:
-# define EXPECT_DEATH(statement, regex) \
-    EXPECT_EXIT(statement, ::testing::internal::ExitedUnsuccessfully, regex)
-
-// Two predicate classes that can be used in {ASSERT,EXPECT}_EXIT*:
-
-// Tests that an exit code describes a normal exit with a given exit code.
-class GTEST_API_ ExitedWithCode {
- public:
-  explicit ExitedWithCode(int exit_code);
-  bool operator()(int exit_status) const;
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ExitedWithCode& other);
-
-  const int exit_code_;
-};
-
-# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-// Tests that an exit code describes an exit due to termination by a
-// given signal.
-class GTEST_API_ KilledBySignal {
- public:
-  explicit KilledBySignal(int signum);
-  bool operator()(int exit_status) const;
- private:
-  const int signum_;
-};
-# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-// EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH asserts that the given statements die in debug mode.
-// The death testing framework causes this to have interesting semantics,
-// since the sideeffects of the call are only visible in opt mode, and not
-// in debug mode.
-//
-// In practice, this can be used to test functions that utilize the
-// LOG(DFATAL) macro using the following style:
-//
-// int DieInDebugOr12(int* sideeffect) {
-//   if (sideeffect) {
-//     *sideeffect = 12;
-//   }
-//   LOG(DFATAL) << "death";
-//   return 12;
-// }
-//
-// TEST(TestCase, TestDieOr12WorksInDgbAndOpt) {
-//   int sideeffect = 0;
-//   // Only asserts in dbg.
-//   EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(DieInDebugOr12(&sideeffect), "death");
-//
-// #ifdef NDEBUG
-//   // opt-mode has sideeffect visible.
-//   EXPECT_EQ(12, sideeffect);
-// #else
-//   // dbg-mode no visible sideeffect.
-//   EXPECT_EQ(0, sideeffect);
-// #endif
-// }
-//
-// This will assert that DieInDebugReturn12InOpt() crashes in debug
-// mode, usually due to a DCHECK or LOG(DFATAL), but returns the
-// appropriate fallback value (12 in this case) in opt mode. If you
-// need to test that a function has appropriate side-effects in opt
-// mode, include assertions against the side-effects.  A general
-// pattern for this is:
-//
-// EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH({
-//   // Side-effects here will have an effect after this statement in
-//   // opt mode, but none in debug mode.
-//   EXPECT_EQ(12, DieInDebugOr12(&sideeffect));
-// }, "death");
-//
-# ifdef NDEBUG
-
-#  define EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
-  GTEST_EXECUTE_STATEMENT_(statement, regex)
-
-#  define ASSERT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
-  GTEST_EXECUTE_STATEMENT_(statement, regex)
-
-# else
-
-#  define EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
-  EXPECT_DEATH(statement, regex)
-
-#  define ASSERT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
-  ASSERT_DEATH(statement, regex)
-
-# endif  // NDEBUG for EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-// EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) and
-// ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) expand to real death tests if
-// death tests are supported; otherwise they just issue a warning.  This is
-// useful when you are combining death test assertions with normal test
-// assertions in one test.
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-# define EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
-    EXPECT_DEATH(statement, regex)
-# define ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
-    ASSERT_DEATH(statement, regex)
-#else
-# define EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
-    GTEST_UNSUPPORTED_DEATH_TEST_(statement, regex, )
-# define ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
-    GTEST_UNSUPPORTED_DEATH_TEST_(statement, regex, return)
-#endif
-
-}  // namespace testing
-
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_DEATH_TEST_H_
-// This file was GENERATED by command:
-//     pump.py gtest-param-test.h.pump
-// DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
-
-// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Authors: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
-//
-// Macros and functions for implementing parameterized tests
-// in Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
-//
-// This file is generated by a SCRIPT.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
-//
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PARAM_TEST_H_
-#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PARAM_TEST_H_
-
-
-// Value-parameterized tests allow you to test your code with different
-// parameters without writing multiple copies of the same test.
-//
-// Here is how you use value-parameterized tests:
-
-#if 0
-
-// To write value-parameterized tests, first you should define a fixture
-// class. It is usually derived from testing::TestWithParam<T> (see below for
-// another inheritance scheme that's sometimes useful in more complicated
-// class hierarchies), where the type of your parameter values.
-// TestWithParam<T> is itself derived from testing::Test. T can be any
-// copyable type. If it's a raw pointer, you are responsible for managing the
-// lifespan of the pointed values.
-
-class FooTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<const char*> {
-  // You can implement all the usual class fixture members here.
-};
-
-// Then, use the TEST_P macro to define as many parameterized tests
-// for this fixture as you want. The _P suffix is for "parameterized"
-// or "pattern", whichever you prefer to think.
-
-TEST_P(FooTest, DoesBlah) {
-  // Inside a test, access the test parameter with the GetParam() method
-  // of the TestWithParam<T> class:
-  EXPECT_TRUE(foo.Blah(GetParam()));
-  ...
-}
-
-TEST_P(FooTest, HasBlahBlah) {
-  ...
-}
-
-// Finally, you can use INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P to instantiate the test
-// case with any set of parameters you want. Google Test defines a number
-// of functions for generating test parameters. They return what we call
-// (surprise!) parameter generators. Here is a  summary of them, which
-// are all in the testing namespace:
-//
-//
-//  Range(begin, end [, step]) - Yields values {begin, begin+step,
-//                               begin+step+step, ...}. The values do not
-//                               include end. step defaults to 1.
-//  Values(v1, v2, ..., vN)    - Yields values {v1, v2, ..., vN}.
-//  ValuesIn(container)        - Yields values from a C-style array, an STL
-//  ValuesIn(begin,end)          container, or an iterator range [begin, end).
-//  Bool()                     - Yields sequence {false, true}.
-//  Combine(g1, g2, ..., gN)   - Yields all combinations (the Cartesian product
-//                               for the math savvy) of the values generated
-//                               by the N generators.
-//
-// For more details, see comments at the definitions of these functions below
-// in this file.
-//
-// The following statement will instantiate tests from the FooTest test case
-// each with parameter values "meeny", "miny", and "moe".
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(InstantiationName,
-                        FooTest,
-                        Values("meeny", "miny", "moe"));
-
-// To distinguish different instances of the pattern, (yes, you
-// can instantiate it more then once) the first argument to the
-// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P macro is a prefix that will be added to the
-// actual test case name. Remember to pick unique prefixes for different
-// instantiations. The tests from the instantiation above will have
-// these names:
-//
-//    * InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/0 for "meeny"
-//    * InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/1 for "miny"
-//    * InstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/2 for "moe"
-//    * InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/0 for "meeny"
-//    * InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/1 for "miny"
-//    * InstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/2 for "moe"
-//
-// You can use these names in --gtest_filter.
-//
-// This statement will instantiate all tests from FooTest again, each
-// with parameter values "cat" and "dog":
-
-const char* pets[] = {"cat", "dog"};
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(AnotherInstantiationName, FooTest, ValuesIn(pets));
-
-// The tests from the instantiation above will have these names:
-//
-//    * AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/0 for "cat"
-//    * AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.DoesBlah/1 for "dog"
-//    * AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/0 for "cat"
-//    * AnotherInstantiationName/FooTest.HasBlahBlah/1 for "dog"
-//
-// Please note that INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P will instantiate all tests
-// in the given test case, whether their definitions come before or
-// AFTER the INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P statement.
-//
-// Please also note that generator expressions (including parameters to the
-// generators) are evaluated in InitGoogleTest(), after main() has started.
-// This allows the user on one hand, to adjust generator parameters in order
-// to dynamically determine a set of tests to run and on the other hand,
-// give the user a chance to inspect the generated tests with Google Test
-// reflection API before RUN_ALL_TESTS() is executed.
-//
-// You can see samples/sample7_unittest.cc and samples/sample8_unittest.cc
-// for more examples.
-//
-// In the future, we plan to publish the API for defining new parameter
-// generators. But for now this interface remains part of the internal
-// implementation and is subject to change.
-//
-//
-// A parameterized test fixture must be derived from testing::Test and from
-// testing::WithParamInterface<T>, where T is the type of the parameter
-// values. Inheriting from TestWithParam<T> satisfies that requirement because
-// TestWithParam<T> inherits from both Test and WithParamInterface. In more
-// complicated hierarchies, however, it is occasionally useful to inherit
-// separately from Test and WithParamInterface. For example:
-
-class BaseTest : public ::testing::Test {
-  // You can inherit all the usual members for a non-parameterized test
-  // fixture here.
-};
-
-class DerivedTest : public BaseTest, public ::testing::WithParamInterface<int> {
-  // The usual test fixture members go here too.
-};
-
-TEST_F(BaseTest, HasFoo) {
-  // This is an ordinary non-parameterized test.
-}
-
-TEST_P(DerivedTest, DoesBlah) {
-  // GetParam works just the same here as if you inherit from TestWithParam.
-  EXPECT_TRUE(foo.Blah(GetParam()));
-}
-
-#endif  // 0
-
-
-#if !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
-# include <utility>
-#endif
-
-// scripts/fuse_gtest.py depends on gtest's own header being #included
-// *unconditionally*.  Therefore these #includes cannot be moved
-// inside #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST.
-// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
-// All Rights Reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
-
-// Type and function utilities for implementing parameterized tests.
-
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_H_
-#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_H_
-
-#include <iterator>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
-
-// scripts/fuse_gtest.py depends on gtest's own header being #included
-// *unconditionally*.  Therefore these #includes cannot be moved
-// inside #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST.
-// Copyright 2003 Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Authors: Dan Egnor (egnor@google.com)
-//
-// A "smart" pointer type with reference tracking.  Every pointer to a
-// particular object is kept on a circular linked list.  When the last pointer
-// to an object is destroyed or reassigned, the object is deleted.
-//
-// Used properly, this deletes the object when the last reference goes away.
-// There are several caveats:
-// - Like all reference counting schemes, cycles lead to leaks.
-// - Each smart pointer is actually two pointers (8 bytes instead of 4).
-// - Every time a pointer is assigned, the entire list of pointers to that
-//   object is traversed.  This class is therefore NOT SUITABLE when there
-//   will often be more than two or three pointers to a particular object.
-// - References are only tracked as long as linked_ptr<> objects are copied.
-//   If a linked_ptr<> is converted to a raw pointer and back, BAD THINGS
-//   will happen (double deletion).
-//
-// A good use of this class is storing object references in STL containers.
-// You can safely put linked_ptr<> in a vector<>.
-// Other uses may not be as good.
-//
-// Note: If you use an incomplete type with linked_ptr<>, the class
-// *containing* linked_ptr<> must have a constructor and destructor (even
-// if they do nothing!).
-//
-// Bill Gibbons suggested we use something like this.
-//
-// Thread Safety:
-//   Unlike other linked_ptr implementations, in this implementation
-//   a linked_ptr object is thread-safe in the sense that:
-//     - it's safe to copy linked_ptr objects concurrently,
-//     - it's safe to copy *from* a linked_ptr and read its underlying
-//       raw pointer (e.g. via get()) concurrently, and
-//     - it's safe to write to two linked_ptrs that point to the same
-//       shared object concurrently.
-// TODO(wan@google.com): rename this to safe_linked_ptr to avoid
-// confusion with normal linked_ptr.
-
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_LINKED_PTR_H_
-#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_LINKED_PTR_H_
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-
-
-namespace testing {
-namespace internal {
-
-// Protects copying of all linked_ptr objects.
-GTEST_API_ GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_linked_ptr_mutex);
-
-// This is used internally by all instances of linked_ptr<>.  It needs to be
-// a non-template class because different types of linked_ptr<> can refer to
-// the same object (linked_ptr<Superclass>(obj) vs linked_ptr<Subclass>(obj)).
-// So, it needs to be possible for different types of linked_ptr to participate
-// in the same circular linked list, so we need a single class type here.
-//
-// DO NOT USE THIS CLASS DIRECTLY YOURSELF.  Use linked_ptr<T>.
-class linked_ptr_internal {
- public:
-  // Create a new circle that includes only this instance.
-  void join_new() {
-    next_ = this;
-  }
-
-  // Many linked_ptr operations may change p.link_ for some linked_ptr
-  // variable p in the same circle as this object.  Therefore we need
-  // to prevent two such operations from occurring concurrently.
-  //
-  // Note that different types of linked_ptr objects can coexist in a
-  // circle (e.g. linked_ptr<Base>, linked_ptr<Derived1>, and
-  // linked_ptr<Derived2>).  Therefore we must use a single mutex to
-  // protect all linked_ptr objects.  This can create serious
-  // contention in production code, but is acceptable in a testing
-  // framework.
-
-  // Join an existing circle.
-  void join(linked_ptr_internal const* ptr)
-      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_linked_ptr_mutex) {
-    MutexLock lock(&g_linked_ptr_mutex);
-
-    linked_ptr_internal const* p = ptr;
-    while (p->next_ != ptr) p = p->next_;
-    p->next_ = this;
-    next_ = ptr;
-  }
-
-  // Leave whatever circle we're part of.  Returns true if we were the
-  // last member of the circle.  Once this is done, you can join() another.
-  bool depart()
-      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_linked_ptr_mutex) {
-    MutexLock lock(&g_linked_ptr_mutex);
-
-    if (next_ == this) return true;
-    linked_ptr_internal const* p = next_;
-    while (p->next_ != this) p = p->next_;
-    p->next_ = next_;
-    return false;
-  }
-
- private:
-  mutable linked_ptr_internal const* next_;
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-class linked_ptr {
- public:
-  typedef T element_type;
-
-  // Take over ownership of a raw pointer.  This should happen as soon as
-  // possible after the object is created.
-  explicit linked_ptr(T* ptr = NULL) { capture(ptr); }
-  ~linked_ptr() { depart(); }
-
-  // Copy an existing linked_ptr<>, adding ourselves to the list of references.
-  template <typename U> linked_ptr(linked_ptr<U> const& ptr) { copy(&ptr); }
-  linked_ptr(linked_ptr const& ptr) {  // NOLINT
-    assert(&ptr != this);
-    copy(&ptr);
-  }
-
-  // Assignment releases the old value and acquires the new.
-  template <typename U> linked_ptr& operator=(linked_ptr<U> const& ptr) {
-    depart();
-    copy(&ptr);
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  linked_ptr& operator=(linked_ptr const& ptr) {
-    if (&ptr != this) {
-      depart();
-      copy(&ptr);
-    }
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  // Smart pointer members.
-  void reset(T* ptr = NULL) {
-    depart();
-    capture(ptr);
-  }
-  T* get() const { return value_; }
-  T* operator->() const { return value_; }
-  T& operator*() const { return *value_; }
-
-  bool operator==(T* p) const { return value_ == p; }
-  bool operator!=(T* p) const { return value_ != p; }
-  template <typename U>
-  bool operator==(linked_ptr<U> const& ptr) const {
-    return value_ == ptr.get();
-  }
-  template <typename U>
-  bool operator!=(linked_ptr<U> const& ptr) const {
-    return value_ != ptr.get();
-  }
-
- private:
-  template <typename U>
-  friend class linked_ptr;
-
-  T* value_;
-  linked_ptr_internal link_;
-
-  void depart() {
-    if (link_.depart()) delete value_;
-  }
-
-  void capture(T* ptr) {
-    value_ = ptr;
-    link_.join_new();
-  }
-
-  template <typename U> void copy(linked_ptr<U> const* ptr) {
-    value_ = ptr->get();
-    if (value_)
-      link_.join(&ptr->link_);
-    else
-      link_.join_new();
-  }
-};
-
-template<typename T> inline
-bool operator==(T* ptr, const linked_ptr<T>& x) {
-  return ptr == x.get();
-}
-
-template<typename T> inline
-bool operator!=(T* ptr, const linked_ptr<T>& x) {
-  return ptr != x.get();
-}
-
-// A function to convert T* into linked_ptr<T>
-// Doing e.g. make_linked_ptr(new FooBarBaz<type>(arg)) is a shorter notation
-// for linked_ptr<FooBarBaz<type> >(new FooBarBaz<type>(arg))
-template <typename T>
-linked_ptr<T> make_linked_ptr(T* ptr) {
-  return linked_ptr<T>(ptr);
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-}  // namespace testing
-
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_LINKED_PTR_H_
-// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-
-// Google Test - The Google C++ Testing Framework
-//
-// This file implements a universal value printer that can print a
-// value of any type T:
-//
-//   void ::testing::internal::UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, ostream_ptr);
-//
-// A user can teach this function how to print a class type T by
-// defining either operator<<() or PrintTo() in the namespace that
-// defines T.  More specifically, the FIRST defined function in the
-// following list will be used (assuming T is defined in namespace
-// foo):
-//
-//   1. foo::PrintTo(const T&, ostream*)
-//   2. operator<<(ostream&, const T&) defined in either foo or the
-//      global namespace.
-//
-// If none of the above is defined, it will print the debug string of
-// the value if it is a protocol buffer, or print the raw bytes in the
-// value otherwise.
-//
-// To aid debugging: when T is a reference type, the address of the
-// value is also printed; when T is a (const) char pointer, both the
-// pointer value and the NUL-terminated string it points to are
-// printed.
-//
-// We also provide some convenient wrappers:
-//
-//   // Prints a value to a string.  For a (const or not) char
-//   // pointer, the NUL-terminated string (but not the pointer) is
-//   // printed.
-//   std::string ::testing::PrintToString(const T& value);
-//
-//   // Prints a value tersely: for a reference type, the referenced
-//   // value (but not the address) is printed; for a (const or not) char
-//   // pointer, the NUL-terminated string (but not the pointer) is
-//   // printed.
-//   void ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrint(const T& value, ostream*);
-//
-//   // Prints value using the type inferred by the compiler.  The difference
-//   // from UniversalTersePrint() is that this function prints both the
-//   // pointer and the NUL-terminated string for a (const or not) char pointer.
-//   void ::testing::internal::UniversalPrint(const T& value, ostream*);
-//
-//   // Prints the fields of a tuple tersely to a string vector, one
-//   // element for each field. Tuple support must be enabled in
-//   // gtest-port.h.
-//   std::vector<string> UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
-//       const Tuple& value);
-//
-// Known limitation:
-//
-// The print primitives print the elements of an STL-style container
-// using the compiler-inferred type of *iter where iter is a
-// const_iterator of the container.  When const_iterator is an input
-// iterator but not a forward iterator, this inferred type may not
-// match value_type, and the print output may be incorrect.  In
-// practice, this is rarely a problem as for most containers
-// const_iterator is a forward iterator.  We'll fix this if there's an
-// actual need for it.  Note that this fix cannot rely on value_type
-// being defined as many user-defined container types don't have
-// value_type.
-
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRINTERS_H_
-#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRINTERS_H_
-
-#include <ostream>  // NOLINT
-#include <sstream>
-#include <string>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
-# include <tuple>
-#endif
-
-namespace testing {
-
-// Definitions in the 'internal' and 'internal2' name spaces are
-// subject to change without notice.  DO NOT USE THEM IN USER CODE!
-namespace internal2 {
-
-// Prints the given number of bytes in the given object to the given
-// ostream.
-GTEST_API_ void PrintBytesInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes,
-                                     size_t count,
-                                     ::std::ostream* os);
-
-// For selecting which printer to use when a given type has neither <<
-// nor PrintTo().
-enum TypeKind {
-  kProtobuf,              // a protobuf type
-  kConvertibleToInteger,  // a type implicitly convertible to BiggestInt
-                          // (e.g. a named or unnamed enum type)
-  kOtherType              // anything else
-};
-
-// TypeWithoutFormatter<T, kTypeKind>::PrintValue(value, os) is called
-// by the universal printer to print a value of type T when neither
-// operator<< nor PrintTo() is defined for T, where kTypeKind is the
-// "kind" of T as defined by enum TypeKind.
-template <typename T, TypeKind kTypeKind>
-class TypeWithoutFormatter {
- public:
-  // This default version is called when kTypeKind is kOtherType.
-  static void PrintValue(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-    PrintBytesInObjectTo(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(&value),
-                         sizeof(value), os);
-  }
-};
-
-// We print a protobuf using its ShortDebugString() when the string
-// doesn't exceed this many characters; otherwise we print it using
-// DebugString() for better readability.
-const size_t kProtobufOneLinerMaxLength = 50;
-
-template <typename T>
-class TypeWithoutFormatter<T, kProtobuf> {
- public:
-  static void PrintValue(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-    const ::testing::internal::string short_str = value.ShortDebugString();
-    const ::testing::internal::string pretty_str =
-        short_str.length() <= kProtobufOneLinerMaxLength ?
-        short_str : ("\n" + value.DebugString());
-    *os << ("<" + pretty_str + ">");
-  }
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-class TypeWithoutFormatter<T, kConvertibleToInteger> {
- public:
-  // Since T has no << operator or PrintTo() but can be implicitly
-  // converted to BiggestInt, we print it as a BiggestInt.
-  //
-  // Most likely T is an enum type (either named or unnamed), in which
-  // case printing it as an integer is the desired behavior.  In case
-  // T is not an enum, printing it as an integer is the best we can do
-  // given that it has no user-defined printer.
-  static void PrintValue(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-    const internal::BiggestInt kBigInt = value;
-    *os << kBigInt;
-  }
-};
-
-// Prints the given value to the given ostream.  If the value is a
-// protocol message, its debug string is printed; if it's an enum or
-// of a type implicitly convertible to BiggestInt, it's printed as an
-// integer; otherwise the bytes in the value are printed.  This is
-// what UniversalPrinter<T>::Print() does when it knows nothing about
-// type T and T has neither << operator nor PrintTo().
-//
-// A user can override this behavior for a class type Foo by defining
-// a << operator in the namespace where Foo is defined.
-//
-// We put this operator in namespace 'internal2' instead of 'internal'
-// to simplify the implementation, as much code in 'internal' needs to
-// use << in STL, which would conflict with our own << were it defined
-// in 'internal'.
-//
-// Note that this operator<< takes a generic std::basic_ostream<Char,
-// CharTraits> type instead of the more restricted std::ostream.  If
-// we define it to take an std::ostream instead, we'll get an
-// "ambiguous overloads" compiler error when trying to print a type
-// Foo that supports streaming to std::basic_ostream<Char,
-// CharTraits>, as the compiler cannot tell whether
-// operator<<(std::ostream&, const T&) or
-// operator<<(std::basic_stream<Char, CharTraits>, const Foo&) is more
-// specific.
-template <typename Char, typename CharTraits, typename T>
-::std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& operator<<(
-    ::std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& os, const T& x) {
-  TypeWithoutFormatter<T,
-      (internal::IsAProtocolMessage<T>::value ? kProtobuf :
-       internal::ImplicitlyConvertible<const T&, internal::BiggestInt>::value ?
-       kConvertibleToInteger : kOtherType)>::PrintValue(x, &os);
-  return os;
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal2
-}  // namespace testing
-
-// This namespace MUST NOT BE NESTED IN ::testing, or the name look-up
-// magic needed for implementing UniversalPrinter won't work.
-namespace testing_internal {
-
-// Used to print a value that is not an STL-style container when the
-// user doesn't define PrintTo() for it.
-template <typename T>
-void DefaultPrintNonContainerTo(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  // With the following statement, during unqualified name lookup,
-  // testing::internal2::operator<< appears as if it was declared in
-  // the nearest enclosing namespace that contains both
-  // ::testing_internal and ::testing::internal2, i.e. the global
-  // namespace.  For more details, refer to the C++ Standard section
-  // 7.3.4-1 [namespace.udir].  This allows us to fall back onto
-  // testing::internal2::operator<< in case T doesn't come with a <<
-  // operator.
-  //
-  // We cannot write 'using ::testing::internal2::operator<<;', which
-  // gcc 3.3 fails to compile due to a compiler bug.
-  using namespace ::testing::internal2;  // NOLINT
-
-  // Assuming T is defined in namespace foo, in the next statement,
-  // the compiler will consider all of:
-  //
-  //   1. foo::operator<< (thanks to Koenig look-up),
-  //   2. ::operator<< (as the current namespace is enclosed in ::),
-  //   3. testing::internal2::operator<< (thanks to the using statement above).
-  //
-  // The operator<< whose type matches T best will be picked.
-  //
-  // We deliberately allow #2 to be a candidate, as sometimes it's
-  // impossible to define #1 (e.g. when foo is ::std, defining
-  // anything in it is undefined behavior unless you are a compiler
-  // vendor.).
-  *os << value;
-}
-
-}  // namespace testing_internal
-
-namespace testing {
-namespace internal {
-
-// UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, ostream_ptr) prints the given
-// value to the given ostream.  The caller must ensure that
-// 'ostream_ptr' is not NULL, or the behavior is undefined.
-//
-// We define UniversalPrinter as a class template (as opposed to a
-// function template), as we need to partially specialize it for
-// reference types, which cannot be done with function templates.
-template <typename T>
-class UniversalPrinter;
-
-template <typename T>
-void UniversalPrint(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os);
-
-// Used to print an STL-style container when the user doesn't define
-// a PrintTo() for it.
-template <typename C>
-void DefaultPrintTo(IsContainer /* dummy */,
-                    false_type /* is not a pointer */,
-                    const C& container, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  const size_t kMaxCount = 32;  // The maximum number of elements to print.
-  *os << '{';
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for (typename C::const_iterator it = container.begin();
-       it != container.end(); ++it, ++count) {
-    if (count > 0) {
-      *os << ',';
-      if (count == kMaxCount) {  // Enough has been printed.
-        *os << " ...";
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    *os << ' ';
-    // We cannot call PrintTo(*it, os) here as PrintTo() doesn't
-    // handle *it being a native array.
-    internal::UniversalPrint(*it, os);
-  }
-
-  if (count > 0) {
-    *os << ' ';
-  }
-  *os << '}';
-}
-
-// Used to print a pointer that is neither a char pointer nor a member
-// pointer, when the user doesn't define PrintTo() for it.  (A member
-// variable pointer or member function pointer doesn't really point to
-// a location in the address space.  Their representation is
-// implementation-defined.  Therefore they will be printed as raw
-// bytes.)
-template <typename T>
-void DefaultPrintTo(IsNotContainer /* dummy */,
-                    true_type /* is a pointer */,
-                    T* p, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  if (p == NULL) {
-    *os << "NULL";
-  } else {
-    // C++ doesn't allow casting from a function pointer to any object
-    // pointer.
-    //
-    // IsTrue() silences warnings: "Condition is always true",
-    // "unreachable code".
-    if (IsTrue(ImplicitlyConvertible<T*, const void*>::value)) {
-      // T is not a function type.  We just call << to print p,
-      // relying on ADL to pick up user-defined << for their pointer
-      // types, if any.
-      *os << p;
-    } else {
-      // T is a function type, so '*os << p' doesn't do what we want
-      // (it just prints p as bool).  We want to print p as a const
-      // void*.  However, we cannot cast it to const void* directly,
-      // even using reinterpret_cast, as earlier versions of gcc
-      // (e.g. 3.4.5) cannot compile the cast when p is a function
-      // pointer.  Casting to UInt64 first solves the problem.
-      *os << reinterpret_cast<const void*>(
-          reinterpret_cast<internal::UInt64>(p));
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-// Used to print a non-container, non-pointer value when the user
-// doesn't define PrintTo() for it.
-template <typename T>
-void DefaultPrintTo(IsNotContainer /* dummy */,
-                    false_type /* is not a pointer */,
-                    const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  ::testing_internal::DefaultPrintNonContainerTo(value, os);
-}
-
-// Prints the given value using the << operator if it has one;
-// otherwise prints the bytes in it.  This is what
-// UniversalPrinter<T>::Print() does when PrintTo() is not specialized
-// or overloaded for type T.
-//
-// A user can override this behavior for a class type Foo by defining
-// an overload of PrintTo() in the namespace where Foo is defined.  We
-// give the user this option as sometimes defining a << operator for
-// Foo is not desirable (e.g. the coding style may prevent doing it,
-// or there is already a << operator but it doesn't do what the user
-// wants).
-template <typename T>
-void PrintTo(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  // DefaultPrintTo() is overloaded.  The type of its first two
-  // arguments determine which version will be picked.  If T is an
-  // STL-style container, the version for container will be called; if
-  // T is a pointer, the pointer version will be called; otherwise the
-  // generic version will be called.
-  //
-  // Note that we check for container types here, prior to we check
-  // for protocol message types in our operator<<.  The rationale is:
-  //
-  // For protocol messages, we want to give people a chance to
-  // override Google Mock's format by defining a PrintTo() or
-  // operator<<.  For STL containers, other formats can be
-  // incompatible with Google Mock's format for the container
-  // elements; therefore we check for container types here to ensure
-  // that our format is used.
-  //
-  // The second argument of DefaultPrintTo() is needed to bypass a bug
-  // in Symbian's C++ compiler that prevents it from picking the right
-  // overload between:
-  //
-  //   PrintTo(const T& x, ...);
-  //   PrintTo(T* x, ...);
-  DefaultPrintTo(IsContainerTest<T>(0), is_pointer<T>(), value, os);
-}
-
-// The following list of PrintTo() overloads tells
-// UniversalPrinter<T>::Print() how to print standard types (built-in
-// types, strings, plain arrays, and pointers).
-
-// Overloads for various char types.
-GTEST_API_ void PrintTo(unsigned char c, ::std::ostream* os);
-GTEST_API_ void PrintTo(signed char c, ::std::ostream* os);
-inline void PrintTo(char c, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  // When printing a plain char, we always treat it as unsigned.  This
-  // way, the output won't be affected by whether the compiler thinks
-  // char is signed or not.
-  PrintTo(static_cast<unsigned char>(c), os);
-}
-
-// Overloads for other simple built-in types.
-inline void PrintTo(bool x, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  *os << (x ? "true" : "false");
-}
-
-// Overload for wchar_t type.
-// Prints a wchar_t as a symbol if it is printable or as its internal
-// code otherwise and also as its decimal code (except for L'\0').
-// The L'\0' char is printed as "L'\\0'". The decimal code is printed
-// as signed integer when wchar_t is implemented by the compiler
-// as a signed type and is printed as an unsigned integer when wchar_t
-// is implemented as an unsigned type.
-GTEST_API_ void PrintTo(wchar_t wc, ::std::ostream* os);
-
-// Overloads for C strings.
-GTEST_API_ void PrintTo(const char* s, ::std::ostream* os);
-inline void PrintTo(char* s, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintTo(ImplicitCast_<const char*>(s), os);
-}
-
-// signed/unsigned char is often used for representing binary data, so
-// we print pointers to it as void* to be safe.
-inline void PrintTo(const signed char* s, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintTo(ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s), os);
-}
-inline void PrintTo(signed char* s, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintTo(ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s), os);
-}
-inline void PrintTo(const unsigned char* s, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintTo(ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s), os);
-}
-inline void PrintTo(unsigned char* s, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintTo(ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s), os);
-}
-
-// MSVC can be configured to define wchar_t as a typedef of unsigned
-// short.  It defines _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED when wchar_t is a native
-// type.  When wchar_t is a typedef, defining an overload for const
-// wchar_t* would cause unsigned short* be printed as a wide string,
-// possibly causing invalid memory accesses.
-#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED)
-// Overloads for wide C strings
-GTEST_API_ void PrintTo(const wchar_t* s, ::std::ostream* os);
-inline void PrintTo(wchar_t* s, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintTo(ImplicitCast_<const wchar_t*>(s), os);
-}
-#endif
-
-// Overload for C arrays.  Multi-dimensional arrays are printed
-// properly.
-
-// Prints the given number of elements in an array, without printing
-// the curly braces.
-template <typename T>
-void PrintRawArrayTo(const T a[], size_t count, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  UniversalPrint(a[0], os);
-  for (size_t i = 1; i != count; i++) {
-    *os << ", ";
-    UniversalPrint(a[i], os);
-  }
-}
-
-// Overloads for ::string and ::std::string.
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-GTEST_API_ void PrintStringTo(const ::string&s, ::std::ostream* os);
-inline void PrintTo(const ::string& s, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintStringTo(s, os);
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-
-GTEST_API_ void PrintStringTo(const ::std::string&s, ::std::ostream* os);
-inline void PrintTo(const ::std::string& s, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintStringTo(s, os);
-}
-
-// Overloads for ::wstring and ::std::wstring.
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-GTEST_API_ void PrintWideStringTo(const ::wstring&s, ::std::ostream* os);
-inline void PrintTo(const ::wstring& s, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintWideStringTo(s, os);
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-GTEST_API_ void PrintWideStringTo(const ::std::wstring&s, ::std::ostream* os);
-inline void PrintTo(const ::std::wstring& s, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintWideStringTo(s, os);
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
-// Helper function for printing a tuple.  T must be instantiated with
-// a tuple type.
-template <typename T>
-void PrintTupleTo(const T& t, ::std::ostream* os);
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
-// Overload for ::std::tr1::tuple.  Needed for printing function arguments,
-// which are packed as tuples.
-
-// Overloaded PrintTo() for tuples of various arities.  We support
-// tuples of up-to 10 fields.  The following implementation works
-// regardless of whether tr1::tuple is implemented using the
-// non-standard variadic template feature or not.
-
-inline void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<>& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
-}
-
-template <typename T1>
-void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1>& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2>
-void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2>& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
-void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3>& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
-void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4>& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
-void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>& t,
-             ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-          typename T6>
-void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6>& t,
-             ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-          typename T6, typename T7>
-void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7>& t,
-             ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-          typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
-void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8>& t,
-             ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-          typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
-void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9>& t,
-             ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-          typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
-void PrintTo(
-    const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10>& t,
-    ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
-template <typename... Types>
-void PrintTo(const ::std::tuple<Types...>& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
-
-// Overload for std::pair.
-template <typename T1, typename T2>
-void PrintTo(const ::std::pair<T1, T2>& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  *os << '(';
-  // We cannot use UniversalPrint(value.first, os) here, as T1 may be
-  // a reference type.  The same for printing value.second.
-  UniversalPrinter<T1>::Print(value.first, os);
-  *os << ", ";
-  UniversalPrinter<T2>::Print(value.second, os);
-  *os << ')';
-}
-
-// Implements printing a non-reference type T by letting the compiler
-// pick the right overload of PrintTo() for T.
-template <typename T>
-class UniversalPrinter {
- public:
-  // MSVC warns about adding const to a function type, so we want to
-  // disable the warning.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4180)  // Temporarily disables warning 4180.
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
-
-  // Note: we deliberately don't call this PrintTo(), as that name
-  // conflicts with ::testing::internal::PrintTo in the body of the
-  // function.
-  static void Print(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-    // By default, ::testing::internal::PrintTo() is used for printing
-    // the value.
-    //
-    // Thanks to Koenig look-up, if T is a class and has its own
-    // PrintTo() function defined in its namespace, that function will
-    // be visible here.  Since it is more specific than the generic ones
-    // in ::testing::internal, it will be picked by the compiler in the
-    // following statement - exactly what we want.
-    PrintTo(value, os);
-  }
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
-};
-
-// UniversalPrintArray(begin, len, os) prints an array of 'len'
-// elements, starting at address 'begin'.
-template <typename T>
-void UniversalPrintArray(const T* begin, size_t len, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  if (len == 0) {
-    *os << "{}";
-  } else {
-    *os << "{ ";
-    const size_t kThreshold = 18;
-    const size_t kChunkSize = 8;
-    // If the array has more than kThreshold elements, we'll have to
-    // omit some details by printing only the first and the last
-    // kChunkSize elements.
-    // TODO(wan@google.com): let the user control the threshold using a flag.
-    if (len <= kThreshold) {
-      PrintRawArrayTo(begin, len, os);
-    } else {
-      PrintRawArrayTo(begin, kChunkSize, os);
-      *os << ", ..., ";
-      PrintRawArrayTo(begin + len - kChunkSize, kChunkSize, os);
-    }
-    *os << " }";
-  }
-}
-// This overload prints a (const) char array compactly.
-GTEST_API_ void UniversalPrintArray(
-    const char* begin, size_t len, ::std::ostream* os);
-
-// This overload prints a (const) wchar_t array compactly.
-GTEST_API_ void UniversalPrintArray(
-    const wchar_t* begin, size_t len, ::std::ostream* os);
-
-// Implements printing an array type T[N].
-template <typename T, size_t N>
-class UniversalPrinter<T[N]> {
- public:
-  // Prints the given array, omitting some elements when there are too
-  // many.
-  static void Print(const T (&a)[N], ::std::ostream* os) {
-    UniversalPrintArray(a, N, os);
-  }
-};
-
-// Implements printing a reference type T&.
-template <typename T>
-class UniversalPrinter<T&> {
- public:
-  // MSVC warns about adding const to a function type, so we want to
-  // disable the warning.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4180)  // Temporarily disables warning 4180.
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
-
-  static void Print(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-    // Prints the address of the value.  We use reinterpret_cast here
-    // as static_cast doesn't compile when T is a function type.
-    *os << "@" << reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&value) << " ";
-
-    // Then prints the value itself.
-    UniversalPrint(value, os);
-  }
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
-};
-
-// Prints a value tersely: for a reference type, the referenced value
-// (but not the address) is printed; for a (const) char pointer, the
-// NUL-terminated string (but not the pointer) is printed.
-
-template <typename T>
-class UniversalTersePrinter {
- public:
-  static void Print(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-    UniversalPrint(value, os);
-  }
-};
-template <typename T>
-class UniversalTersePrinter<T&> {
- public:
-  static void Print(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-    UniversalPrint(value, os);
-  }
-};
-template <typename T, size_t N>
-class UniversalTersePrinter<T[N]> {
- public:
-  static void Print(const T (&value)[N], ::std::ostream* os) {
-    UniversalPrinter<T[N]>::Print(value, os);
-  }
-};
-template <>
-class UniversalTersePrinter<const char*> {
- public:
-  static void Print(const char* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
-    if (str == NULL) {
-      *os << "NULL";
-    } else {
-      UniversalPrint(string(str), os);
-    }
-  }
-};
-template <>
-class UniversalTersePrinter<char*> {
- public:
-  static void Print(char* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
-    UniversalTersePrinter<const char*>::Print(str, os);
-  }
-};
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-template <>
-class UniversalTersePrinter<const wchar_t*> {
- public:
-  static void Print(const wchar_t* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
-    if (str == NULL) {
-      *os << "NULL";
-    } else {
-      UniversalPrint(::std::wstring(str), os);
-    }
-  }
-};
-#endif
-
-template <>
-class UniversalTersePrinter<wchar_t*> {
- public:
-  static void Print(wchar_t* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
-    UniversalTersePrinter<const wchar_t*>::Print(str, os);
-  }
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-void UniversalTersePrint(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  UniversalTersePrinter<T>::Print(value, os);
-}
-
-// Prints a value using the type inferred by the compiler.  The
-// difference between this and UniversalTersePrint() is that for a
-// (const) char pointer, this prints both the pointer and the
-// NUL-terminated string.
-template <typename T>
-void UniversalPrint(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  // A workarond for the bug in VC++ 7.1 that prevents us from instantiating
-  // UniversalPrinter with T directly.
-  typedef T T1;
-  UniversalPrinter<T1>::Print(value, os);
-}
-
-typedef ::std::vector<string> Strings;
-
-// TuplePolicy<TupleT> must provide:
-// - tuple_size
-//     size of tuple TupleT.
-// - get<size_t I>(const TupleT& t)
-//     static function extracting element I of tuple TupleT.
-// - tuple_element<size_t I>::type
-//     type of element I of tuple TupleT.
-template <typename TupleT>
-struct TuplePolicy;
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
-template <typename TupleT>
-struct TuplePolicy {
-  typedef TupleT Tuple;
-  static const size_t tuple_size = ::std::tr1::tuple_size<Tuple>::value;
-
-  template <size_t I>
-  struct tuple_element : ::std::tr1::tuple_element<I, Tuple> {};
-
-  template <size_t I>
-  static typename AddReference<
-      const typename ::std::tr1::tuple_element<I, Tuple>::type>::type get(
-      const Tuple& tuple) {
-    return ::std::tr1::get<I>(tuple);
-  }
-};
-template <typename TupleT>
-const size_t TuplePolicy<TupleT>::tuple_size;
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
-template <typename... Types>
-struct TuplePolicy< ::std::tuple<Types...> > {
-  typedef ::std::tuple<Types...> Tuple;
-  static const size_t tuple_size = ::std::tuple_size<Tuple>::value;
-
-  template <size_t I>
-  struct tuple_element : ::std::tuple_element<I, Tuple> {};
-
-  template <size_t I>
-  static const typename ::std::tuple_element<I, Tuple>::type& get(
-      const Tuple& tuple) {
-    return ::std::get<I>(tuple);
-  }
-};
-template <typename... Types>
-const size_t TuplePolicy< ::std::tuple<Types...> >::tuple_size;
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
-// This helper template allows PrintTo() for tuples and
-// UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings() to be defined by
-// induction on the number of tuple fields.  The idea is that
-// TuplePrefixPrinter<N>::PrintPrefixTo(t, os) prints the first N
-// fields in tuple t, and can be defined in terms of
-// TuplePrefixPrinter<N - 1>.
-//
-// The inductive case.
-template <size_t N>
-struct TuplePrefixPrinter {
-  // Prints the first N fields of a tuple.
-  template <typename Tuple>
-  static void PrintPrefixTo(const Tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
-    TuplePrefixPrinter<N - 1>::PrintPrefixTo(t, os);
-    GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_
-    if (N > 1) {
-    GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_
-      *os << ", ";
-    }
-    UniversalPrinter<
-        typename TuplePolicy<Tuple>::template tuple_element<N - 1>::type>
-        ::Print(TuplePolicy<Tuple>::template get<N - 1>(t), os);
-  }
-
-  // Tersely prints the first N fields of a tuple to a string vector,
-  // one element for each field.
-  template <typename Tuple>
-  static void TersePrintPrefixToStrings(const Tuple& t, Strings* strings) {
-    TuplePrefixPrinter<N - 1>::TersePrintPrefixToStrings(t, strings);
-    ::std::stringstream ss;
-    UniversalTersePrint(TuplePolicy<Tuple>::template get<N - 1>(t), &ss);
-    strings->push_back(ss.str());
-  }
-};
-
-// Base case.
-template <>
-struct TuplePrefixPrinter<0> {
-  template <typename Tuple>
-  static void PrintPrefixTo(const Tuple&, ::std::ostream*) {}
-
-  template <typename Tuple>
-  static void TersePrintPrefixToStrings(const Tuple&, Strings*) {}
-};
-
-// Helper function for printing a tuple.
-// Tuple must be either std::tr1::tuple or std::tuple type.
-template <typename Tuple>
-void PrintTupleTo(const Tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  *os << "(";
-  TuplePrefixPrinter<TuplePolicy<Tuple>::tuple_size>::PrintPrefixTo(t, os);
-  *os << ")";
-}
-
-// Prints the fields of a tuple tersely to a string vector, one
-// element for each field.  See the comment before
-// UniversalTersePrint() for how we define "tersely".
-template <typename Tuple>
-Strings UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(const Tuple& value) {
-  Strings result;
-  TuplePrefixPrinter<TuplePolicy<Tuple>::tuple_size>::
-      TersePrintPrefixToStrings(value, &result);
-  return result;
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-template <typename T>
-::std::string PrintToString(const T& value) {
-  ::std::stringstream ss;
-  internal::UniversalTersePrinter<T>::Print(value, &ss);
-  return ss.str();
-}
-
-}  // namespace testing
-
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRINTERS_H_
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
-namespace testing {
-namespace internal {
-
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
-//
-// Outputs a message explaining invalid registration of different
-// fixture class for the same test case. This may happen when
-// TEST_P macro is used to define two tests with the same name
-// but in different namespaces.
-GTEST_API_ void ReportInvalidTestCaseType(const char* test_case_name,
-                                          const char* file, int line);
-
-template <typename> class ParamGeneratorInterface;
-template <typename> class ParamGenerator;
-
-// Interface for iterating over elements provided by an implementation
-// of ParamGeneratorInterface<T>.
-template <typename T>
-class ParamIteratorInterface {
- public:
-  virtual ~ParamIteratorInterface() {}
-  // A pointer to the base generator instance.
-  // Used only for the purposes of iterator comparison
-  // to make sure that two iterators belong to the same generator.
-  virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<T>* BaseGenerator() const = 0;
-  // Advances iterator to point to the next element
-  // provided by the generator. The caller is responsible
-  // for not calling Advance() on an iterator equal to
-  // BaseGenerator()->End().
-  virtual void Advance() = 0;
-  // Clones the iterator object. Used for implementing copy semantics
-  // of ParamIterator<T>.
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface* Clone() const = 0;
-  // Dereferences the current iterator and provides (read-only) access
-  // to the pointed value. It is the caller's responsibility not to call
-  // Current() on an iterator equal to BaseGenerator()->End().
-  // Used for implementing ParamGenerator<T>::operator*().
-  virtual const T* Current() const = 0;
-  // Determines whether the given iterator and other point to the same
-  // element in the sequence generated by the generator.
-  // Used for implementing ParamGenerator<T>::operator==().
-  virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface& other) const = 0;
-};
-
-// Class iterating over elements provided by an implementation of
-// ParamGeneratorInterface<T>. It wraps ParamIteratorInterface<T>
-// and implements the const forward iterator concept.
-template <typename T>
-class ParamIterator {
- public:
-  typedef T value_type;
-  typedef const T& reference;
-  typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
-
-  // ParamIterator assumes ownership of the impl_ pointer.
-  ParamIterator(const ParamIterator& other) : impl_(other.impl_->Clone()) {}
-  ParamIterator& operator=(const ParamIterator& other) {
-    if (this != &other)
-      impl_.reset(other.impl_->Clone());
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  const T& operator*() const { return *impl_->Current(); }
-  const T* operator->() const { return impl_->Current(); }
-  // Prefix version of operator++.
-  ParamIterator& operator++() {
-    impl_->Advance();
-    return *this;
-  }
-  // Postfix version of operator++.
-  ParamIterator operator++(int /*unused*/) {
-    ParamIteratorInterface<T>* clone = impl_->Clone();
-    impl_->Advance();
-    return ParamIterator(clone);
-  }
-  bool operator==(const ParamIterator& other) const {
-    return impl_.get() == other.impl_.get() || impl_->Equals(*other.impl_);
-  }
-  bool operator!=(const ParamIterator& other) const {
-    return !(*this == other);
-  }
-
- private:
-  friend class ParamGenerator<T>;
-  explicit ParamIterator(ParamIteratorInterface<T>* impl) : impl_(impl) {}
-  scoped_ptr<ParamIteratorInterface<T> > impl_;
-};
-
-// ParamGeneratorInterface<T> is the binary interface to access generators
-// defined in other translation units.
-template <typename T>
-class ParamGeneratorInterface {
- public:
-  typedef T ParamType;
-
-  virtual ~ParamGeneratorInterface() {}
-
-  // Generator interface definition
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<T>* Begin() const = 0;
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<T>* End() const = 0;
-};
-
-// Wraps ParamGeneratorInterface<T> and provides general generator syntax
-// compatible with the STL Container concept.
-// This class implements copy initialization semantics and the contained
-// ParamGeneratorInterface<T> instance is shared among all copies
-// of the original object. This is possible because that instance is immutable.
-template<typename T>
-class ParamGenerator {
- public:
-  typedef ParamIterator<T> iterator;
-
-  explicit ParamGenerator(ParamGeneratorInterface<T>* impl) : impl_(impl) {}
-  ParamGenerator(const ParamGenerator& other) : impl_(other.impl_) {}
-
-  ParamGenerator& operator=(const ParamGenerator& other) {
-    impl_ = other.impl_;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  iterator begin() const { return iterator(impl_->Begin()); }
-  iterator end() const { return iterator(impl_->End()); }
-
- private:
-  linked_ptr<const ParamGeneratorInterface<T> > impl_;
-};
-
-// Generates values from a range of two comparable values. Can be used to
-// generate sequences of user-defined types that implement operator+() and
-// operator<().
-// This class is used in the Range() function.
-template <typename T, typename IncrementT>
-class RangeGenerator : public ParamGeneratorInterface<T> {
- public:
-  RangeGenerator(T begin, T end, IncrementT step)
-      : begin_(begin), end_(end),
-        step_(step), end_index_(CalculateEndIndex(begin, end, step)) {}
-  virtual ~RangeGenerator() {}
-
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<T>* Begin() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, begin_, 0, step_);
-  }
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<T>* End() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, end_, end_index_, step_);
-  }
-
- private:
-  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<T> {
-   public:
-    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<T>* base, T value, int index,
-             IncrementT step)
-        : base_(base), value_(value), index_(index), step_(step) {}
-    virtual ~Iterator() {}
-
-    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<T>* BaseGenerator() const {
-      return base_;
-    }
-    virtual void Advance() {
-      value_ = value_ + step_;
-      index_++;
-    }
-    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<T>* Clone() const {
-      return new Iterator(*this);
-    }
-    virtual const T* Current() const { return &value_; }
-    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<T>& other) const {
-      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
-      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
-      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
-          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
-          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
-      const int other_index =
-          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other)->index_;
-      return index_ == other_index;
-    }
-
-   private:
-    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
-        : ParamIteratorInterface<T>(),
-          base_(other.base_), value_(other.value_), index_(other.index_),
-          step_(other.step_) {}
-
-    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
-
-    const ParamGeneratorInterface<T>* const base_;
-    T value_;
-    int index_;
-    const IncrementT step_;
-  };  // class RangeGenerator::Iterator
-
-  static int CalculateEndIndex(const T& begin,
-                               const T& end,
-                               const IncrementT& step) {
-    int end_index = 0;
-    for (T i = begin; i < end; i = i + step)
-      end_index++;
-    return end_index;
-  }
-
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const RangeGenerator& other);
-
-  const T begin_;
-  const T end_;
-  const IncrementT step_;
-  // The index for the end() iterator. All the elements in the generated
-  // sequence are indexed (0-based) to aid iterator comparison.
-  const int end_index_;
-};  // class RangeGenerator
-
-
-// Generates values from a pair of STL-style iterators. Used in the
-// ValuesIn() function. The elements are copied from the source range
-// since the source can be located on the stack, and the generator
-// is likely to persist beyond that stack frame.
-template <typename T>
-class ValuesInIteratorRangeGenerator : public ParamGeneratorInterface<T> {
- public:
-  template <typename ForwardIterator>
-  ValuesInIteratorRangeGenerator(ForwardIterator begin, ForwardIterator end)
-      : container_(begin, end) {}
-  virtual ~ValuesInIteratorRangeGenerator() {}
-
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<T>* Begin() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, container_.begin());
-  }
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<T>* End() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, container_.end());
-  }
-
- private:
-  typedef typename ::std::vector<T> ContainerType;
-
-  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<T> {
-   public:
-    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<T>* base,
-             typename ContainerType::const_iterator iterator)
-        : base_(base), iterator_(iterator) {}
-    virtual ~Iterator() {}
-
-    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<T>* BaseGenerator() const {
-      return base_;
-    }
-    virtual void Advance() {
-      ++iterator_;
-      value_.reset();
-    }
-    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<T>* Clone() const {
-      return new Iterator(*this);
-    }
-    // We need to use cached value referenced by iterator_ because *iterator_
-    // can return a temporary object (and of type other then T), so just
-    // having "return &*iterator_;" doesn't work.
-    // value_ is updated here and not in Advance() because Advance()
-    // can advance iterator_ beyond the end of the range, and we cannot
-    // detect that fact. The client code, on the other hand, is
-    // responsible for not calling Current() on an out-of-range iterator.
-    virtual const T* Current() const {
-      if (value_.get() == NULL)
-        value_.reset(new T(*iterator_));
-      return value_.get();
-    }
-    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<T>& other) const {
-      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
-      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
-      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
-          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
-          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
-      return iterator_ ==
-          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other)->iterator_;
-    }
-
-   private:
-    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
-          // The explicit constructor call suppresses a false warning
-          // emitted by gcc when supplied with the -Wextra option.
-        : ParamIteratorInterface<T>(),
-          base_(other.base_),
-          iterator_(other.iterator_) {}
-
-    const ParamGeneratorInterface<T>* const base_;
-    typename ContainerType::const_iterator iterator_;
-    // A cached value of *iterator_. We keep it here to allow access by
-    // pointer in the wrapping iterator's operator->().
-    // value_ needs to be mutable to be accessed in Current().
-    // Use of scoped_ptr helps manage cached value's lifetime,
-    // which is bound by the lifespan of the iterator itself.
-    mutable scoped_ptr<const T> value_;
-  };  // class ValuesInIteratorRangeGenerator::Iterator
-
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValuesInIteratorRangeGenerator& other);
-
-  const ContainerType container_;
-};  // class ValuesInIteratorRangeGenerator
-
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
-//
-// Stores a parameter value and later creates tests parameterized with that
-// value.
-template <class TestClass>
-class ParameterizedTestFactory : public TestFactoryBase {
- public:
-  typedef typename TestClass::ParamType ParamType;
-  explicit ParameterizedTestFactory(ParamType parameter) :
-      parameter_(parameter) {}
-  virtual Test* CreateTest() {
-    TestClass::SetParam(&parameter_);
-    return new TestClass();
-  }
-
- private:
-  const ParamType parameter_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ParameterizedTestFactory);
-};
-
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
-//
-// TestMetaFactoryBase is a base class for meta-factories that create
-// test factories for passing into MakeAndRegisterTestInfo function.
-template <class ParamType>
-class TestMetaFactoryBase {
- public:
-  virtual ~TestMetaFactoryBase() {}
-
-  virtual TestFactoryBase* CreateTestFactory(ParamType parameter) = 0;
-};
-
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
-//
-// TestMetaFactory creates test factories for passing into
-// MakeAndRegisterTestInfo function. Since MakeAndRegisterTestInfo receives
-// ownership of test factory pointer, same factory object cannot be passed
-// into that method twice. But ParameterizedTestCaseInfo is going to call
-// it for each Test/Parameter value combination. Thus it needs meta factory
-// creator class.
-template <class TestCase>
-class TestMetaFactory
-    : public TestMetaFactoryBase<typename TestCase::ParamType> {
- public:
-  typedef typename TestCase::ParamType ParamType;
-
-  TestMetaFactory() {}
-
-  virtual TestFactoryBase* CreateTestFactory(ParamType parameter) {
-    return new ParameterizedTestFactory<TestCase>(parameter);
-  }
-
- private:
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestMetaFactory);
-};
-
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
-//
-// ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase is a generic interface
-// to ParameterizedTestCaseInfo classes. ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase
-// accumulates test information provided by TEST_P macro invocations
-// and generators provided by INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P macro invocations
-// and uses that information to register all resulting test instances
-// in RegisterTests method. The ParameterizeTestCaseRegistry class holds
-// a collection of pointers to the ParameterizedTestCaseInfo objects
-// and calls RegisterTests() on each of them when asked.
-class ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase {
- public:
-  virtual ~ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase() {}
-
-  // Base part of test case name for display purposes.
-  virtual const string& GetTestCaseName() const = 0;
-  // Test case id to verify identity.
-  virtual TypeId GetTestCaseTypeId() const = 0;
-  // UnitTest class invokes this method to register tests in this
-  // test case right before running them in RUN_ALL_TESTS macro.
-  // This method should not be called more then once on any single
-  // instance of a ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase derived class.
-  virtual void RegisterTests() = 0;
-
- protected:
-  ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase() {}
-
- private:
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase);
-};
-
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
-//
-// ParameterizedTestCaseInfo accumulates tests obtained from TEST_P
-// macro invocations for a particular test case and generators
-// obtained from INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P macro invocations for that
-// test case. It registers tests with all values generated by all
-// generators when asked.
-template <class TestCase>
-class ParameterizedTestCaseInfo : public ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase {
- public:
-  // ParamType and GeneratorCreationFunc are private types but are required
-  // for declarations of public methods AddTestPattern() and
-  // AddTestCaseInstantiation().
-  typedef typename TestCase::ParamType ParamType;
-  // A function that returns an instance of appropriate generator type.
-  typedef ParamGenerator<ParamType>(GeneratorCreationFunc)();
-
-  explicit ParameterizedTestCaseInfo(const char* name)
-      : test_case_name_(name) {}
-
-  // Test case base name for display purposes.
-  virtual const string& GetTestCaseName() const { return test_case_name_; }
-  // Test case id to verify identity.
-  virtual TypeId GetTestCaseTypeId() const { return GetTypeId<TestCase>(); }
-  // TEST_P macro uses AddTestPattern() to record information
-  // about a single test in a LocalTestInfo structure.
-  // test_case_name is the base name of the test case (without invocation
-  // prefix). test_base_name is the name of an individual test without
-  // parameter index. For the test SequenceA/FooTest.DoBar/1 FooTest is
-  // test case base name and DoBar is test base name.
-  void AddTestPattern(const char* test_case_name,
-                      const char* test_base_name,
-                      TestMetaFactoryBase<ParamType>* meta_factory) {
-    tests_.push_back(linked_ptr<TestInfo>(new TestInfo(test_case_name,
-                                                       test_base_name,
-                                                       meta_factory)));
-  }
-  // INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P macro uses AddGenerator() to record information
-  // about a generator.
-  int AddTestCaseInstantiation(const string& instantiation_name,
-                               GeneratorCreationFunc* func,
-                               const char* /* file */,
-                               int /* line */) {
-    instantiations_.push_back(::std::make_pair(instantiation_name, func));
-    return 0;  // Return value used only to run this method in namespace scope.
-  }
-  // UnitTest class invokes this method to register tests in this test case
-  // test cases right before running tests in RUN_ALL_TESTS macro.
-  // This method should not be called more then once on any single
-  // instance of a ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase derived class.
-  // UnitTest has a guard to prevent from calling this method more then once.
-  virtual void RegisterTests() {
-    for (typename TestInfoContainer::iterator test_it = tests_.begin();
-         test_it != tests_.end(); ++test_it) {
-      linked_ptr<TestInfo> test_info = *test_it;
-      for (typename InstantiationContainer::iterator gen_it =
-               instantiations_.begin(); gen_it != instantiations_.end();
-               ++gen_it) {
-        const string& instantiation_name = gen_it->first;
-        ParamGenerator<ParamType> generator((*gen_it->second)());
-
-        string test_case_name;
-        if ( !instantiation_name.empty() )
-          test_case_name = instantiation_name + "/";
-        test_case_name += test_info->test_case_base_name;
-
-        int i = 0;
-        for (typename ParamGenerator<ParamType>::iterator param_it =
-                 generator.begin();
-             param_it != generator.end(); ++param_it, ++i) {
-          Message test_name_stream;
-          test_name_stream << test_info->test_base_name << "/" << i;
-          MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-              test_case_name.c_str(),
-              test_name_stream.GetString().c_str(),
-              NULL,  // No type parameter.
-              PrintToString(*param_it).c_str(),
-              GetTestCaseTypeId(),
-              TestCase::SetUpTestCase,
-              TestCase::TearDownTestCase,
-              test_info->test_meta_factory->CreateTestFactory(*param_it));
-        }  // for param_it
-      }  // for gen_it
-    }  // for test_it
-  }  // RegisterTests
-
- private:
-  // LocalTestInfo structure keeps information about a single test registered
-  // with TEST_P macro.
-  struct TestInfo {
-    TestInfo(const char* a_test_case_base_name,
-             const char* a_test_base_name,
-             TestMetaFactoryBase<ParamType>* a_test_meta_factory) :
-        test_case_base_name(a_test_case_base_name),
-        test_base_name(a_test_base_name),
-        test_meta_factory(a_test_meta_factory) {}
-
-    const string test_case_base_name;
-    const string test_base_name;
-    const scoped_ptr<TestMetaFactoryBase<ParamType> > test_meta_factory;
-  };
-  typedef ::std::vector<linked_ptr<TestInfo> > TestInfoContainer;
-  // Keeps pairs of <Instantiation name, Sequence generator creation function>
-  // received from INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P macros.
-  typedef ::std::vector<std::pair<string, GeneratorCreationFunc*> >
-      InstantiationContainer;
-
-  const string test_case_name_;
-  TestInfoContainer tests_;
-  InstantiationContainer instantiations_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ParameterizedTestCaseInfo);
-};  // class ParameterizedTestCaseInfo
-
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
-//
-// ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry contains a map of ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase
-// classes accessed by test case names. TEST_P and INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P
-// macros use it to locate their corresponding ParameterizedTestCaseInfo
-// descriptors.
-class ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry {
- public:
-  ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry() {}
-  ~ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry() {
-    for (TestCaseInfoContainer::iterator it = test_case_infos_.begin();
-         it != test_case_infos_.end(); ++it) {
-      delete *it;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Looks up or creates and returns a structure containing information about
-  // tests and instantiations of a particular test case.
-  template <class TestCase>
-  ParameterizedTestCaseInfo<TestCase>* GetTestCasePatternHolder(
-      const char* test_case_name,
-      const char* file,
-      int line) {
-    ParameterizedTestCaseInfo<TestCase>* typed_test_info = NULL;
-    for (TestCaseInfoContainer::iterator it = test_case_infos_.begin();
-         it != test_case_infos_.end(); ++it) {
-      if ((*it)->GetTestCaseName() == test_case_name) {
-        if ((*it)->GetTestCaseTypeId() != GetTypeId<TestCase>()) {
-          // Complain about incorrect usage of Google Test facilities
-          // and terminate the program since we cannot guaranty correct
-          // test case setup and tear-down in this case.
-          ReportInvalidTestCaseType(test_case_name,  file, line);
-          posix::Abort();
-        } else {
-          // At this point we are sure that the object we found is of the same
-          // type we are looking for, so we downcast it to that type
-          // without further checks.
-          typed_test_info = CheckedDowncastToActualType<
-              ParameterizedTestCaseInfo<TestCase> >(*it);
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    if (typed_test_info == NULL) {
-      typed_test_info = new ParameterizedTestCaseInfo<TestCase>(test_case_name);
-      test_case_infos_.push_back(typed_test_info);
-    }
-    return typed_test_info;
-  }
-  void RegisterTests() {
-    for (TestCaseInfoContainer::iterator it = test_case_infos_.begin();
-         it != test_case_infos_.end(); ++it) {
-      (*it)->RegisterTests();
-    }
-  }
-
- private:
-  typedef ::std::vector<ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase*> TestCaseInfoContainer;
-
-  TestCaseInfoContainer test_case_infos_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry);
-};
-
-}  // namespace internal
-}  // namespace testing
-
-#endif  //  GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_H_
-// This file was GENERATED by command:
-//     pump.py gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump
-// DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
-
-// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
-// All Rights Reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
-
-// Type and function utilities for implementing parameterized tests.
-// This file is generated by a SCRIPT.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
-//
-// Currently Google Test supports at most 50 arguments in Values,
-// and at most 10 arguments in Combine. Please contact
-// googletestframework@googlegroups.com if you need more.
-// Please note that the number of arguments to Combine is limited
-// by the maximum arity of the implementation of tuple which is
-// currently set at 10.
-
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
-#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
-
-// scripts/fuse_gtest.py depends on gtest's own header being #included
-// *unconditionally*.  Therefore these #includes cannot be moved
-// inside #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST.
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
-namespace testing {
-
-// Forward declarations of ValuesIn(), which is implemented in
-// include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.
-template <typename ForwardIterator>
-internal::ParamGenerator<
-  typename ::testing::internal::IteratorTraits<ForwardIterator>::value_type>
-ValuesIn(ForwardIterator begin, ForwardIterator end);
-
-template <typename T, size_t N>
-internal::ParamGenerator<T> ValuesIn(const T (&array)[N]);
-
-template <class Container>
-internal::ParamGenerator<typename Container::value_type> ValuesIn(
-    const Container& container);
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// Used in the Values() function to provide polymorphic capabilities.
-template <typename T1>
-class ValueArray1 {
- public:
-  explicit ValueArray1(T1 v1) : v1_(v1) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const { return ValuesIn(&v1_, &v1_ + 1); }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray1& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2>
-class ValueArray2 {
- public:
-  ValueArray2(T1 v1, T2 v2) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray2& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
-class ValueArray3 {
- public:
-  ValueArray3(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray3& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
-class ValueArray4 {
- public:
-  ValueArray4(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3),
-      v4_(v4) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray4& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
-class ValueArray5 {
- public:
-  ValueArray5(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3),
-      v4_(v4), v5_(v5) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray5& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6>
-class ValueArray6 {
- public:
-  ValueArray6(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2),
-      v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray6& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7>
-class ValueArray7 {
- public:
-  ValueArray7(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7) : v1_(v1),
-      v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray7& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
-class ValueArray8 {
- public:
-  ValueArray8(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7,
-      T8 v8) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
-      v8_(v8) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray8& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
-class ValueArray9 {
- public:
-  ValueArray9(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8,
-      T9 v9) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
-      v8_(v8), v9_(v9) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray9& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
-class ValueArray10 {
- public:
-  ValueArray10(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
-      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray10& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11>
-class ValueArray11 {
- public:
-  ValueArray11(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6),
-      v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray11& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12>
-class ValueArray12 {
- public:
-  ValueArray12(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5),
-      v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray12& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13>
-class ValueArray13 {
- public:
-  ValueArray13(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4),
-      v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11),
-      v12_(v12), v13_(v13) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray13& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14>
-class ValueArray14 {
- public:
-  ValueArray14(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3),
-      v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
-      v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray14& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15>
-class ValueArray15 {
- public:
-  ValueArray15(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2),
-      v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
-      v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray15& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16>
-class ValueArray16 {
- public:
-  ValueArray16(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16) : v1_(v1),
-      v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9),
-      v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15),
-      v16_(v16) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray16& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17>
-class ValueArray17 {
- public:
-  ValueArray17(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16,
-      T17 v17) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
-      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
-      v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray17& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18>
-class ValueArray18 {
- public:
-  ValueArray18(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
-      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
-      v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray18& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19>
-class ValueArray19 {
- public:
-  ValueArray19(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6),
-      v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13),
-      v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray19& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20>
-class ValueArray20 {
- public:
-  ValueArray20(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5),
-      v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12),
-      v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18),
-      v19_(v19), v20_(v20) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray20& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21>
-class ValueArray21 {
- public:
-  ValueArray21(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4),
-      v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11),
-      v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17),
-      v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray21& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22>
-class ValueArray22 {
- public:
-  ValueArray22(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3),
-      v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
-      v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
-      v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray22& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23>
-class ValueArray23 {
- public:
-  ValueArray23(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2),
-      v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
-      v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
-      v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22),
-      v23_(v23) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray23& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24>
-class ValueArray24 {
- public:
-  ValueArray24(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24) : v1_(v1),
-      v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9),
-      v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15),
-      v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21),
-      v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray24& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25>
-class ValueArray25 {
- public:
-  ValueArray25(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24,
-      T25 v25) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
-      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
-      v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
-      v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray25& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26>
-class ValueArray26 {
- public:
-  ValueArray26(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
-      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
-      v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
-      v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray26& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27>
-class ValueArray27 {
- public:
-  ValueArray27(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6),
-      v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13),
-      v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19),
-      v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25),
-      v26_(v26), v27_(v27) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray27& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28>
-class ValueArray28 {
- public:
-  ValueArray28(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5),
-      v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12),
-      v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18),
-      v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24),
-      v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray28& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29>
-class ValueArray29 {
- public:
-  ValueArray29(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4),
-      v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11),
-      v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17),
-      v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23),
-      v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray29& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30>
-class ValueArray30 {
- public:
-  ValueArray30(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3),
-      v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
-      v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
-      v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22),
-      v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28),
-      v29_(v29), v30_(v30) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray30& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31>
-class ValueArray31 {
- public:
-  ValueArray31(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2),
-      v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
-      v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
-      v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22),
-      v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28),
-      v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray31& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-  const T31 v31_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32>
-class ValueArray32 {
- public:
-  ValueArray32(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32) : v1_(v1),
-      v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9),
-      v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15),
-      v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21),
-      v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27),
-      v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray32& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-  const T31 v31_;
-  const T32 v32_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33>
-class ValueArray33 {
- public:
-  ValueArray33(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32,
-      T33 v33) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
-      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
-      v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
-      v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26),
-      v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32),
-      v33_(v33) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
-        static_cast<T>(v33_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray33& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-  const T31 v31_;
-  const T32 v32_;
-  const T33 v33_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34>
-class ValueArray34 {
- public:
-  ValueArray34(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-      T34 v34) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
-      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
-      v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
-      v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26),
-      v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32),
-      v33_(v33), v34_(v34) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
-        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray34& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-  const T31 v31_;
-  const T32 v32_;
-  const T33 v33_;
-  const T34 v34_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35>
-class ValueArray35 {
- public:
-  ValueArray35(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-      T34 v34, T35 v35) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6),
-      v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13),
-      v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19),
-      v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25),
-      v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31),
-      v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
-        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray35& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-  const T31 v31_;
-  const T32 v32_;
-  const T33 v33_;
-  const T34 v34_;
-  const T35 v35_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36>
-class ValueArray36 {
- public:
-  ValueArray36(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5),
-      v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12),
-      v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18),
-      v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24),
-      v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30),
-      v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
-        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
-        static_cast<T>(v36_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray36& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-  const T31 v31_;
-  const T32 v32_;
-  const T33 v33_;
-  const T34 v34_;
-  const T35 v35_;
-  const T36 v36_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37>
-class ValueArray37 {
- public:
-  ValueArray37(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4),
-      v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11),
-      v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17),
-      v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23),
-      v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29),
-      v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35),
-      v36_(v36), v37_(v37) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
-        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
-        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray37& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-  const T31 v31_;
-  const T32 v32_;
-  const T33 v33_;
-  const T34 v34_;
-  const T35 v35_;
-  const T36 v36_;
-  const T37 v37_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38>
-class ValueArray38 {
- public:
-  ValueArray38(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3),
-      v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
-      v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
-      v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22),
-      v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28),
-      v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34),
-      v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
-        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
-        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray38& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-  const T31 v31_;
-  const T32 v32_;
-  const T33 v33_;
-  const T34 v34_;
-  const T35 v35_;
-  const T36 v36_;
-  const T37 v37_;
-  const T38 v38_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39>
-class ValueArray39 {
- public:
-  ValueArray39(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2),
-      v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
-      v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
-      v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22),
-      v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28),
-      v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34),
-      v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
-        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
-        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
-        static_cast<T>(v39_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray39& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-  const T31 v31_;
-  const T32 v32_;
-  const T33 v33_;
-  const T34 v34_;
-  const T35 v35_;
-  const T36 v36_;
-  const T37 v37_;
-  const T38 v38_;
-  const T39 v39_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40>
-class ValueArray40 {
- public:
-  ValueArray40(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40) : v1_(v1),
-      v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9),
-      v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15),
-      v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21),
-      v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27),
-      v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33),
-      v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39),
-      v40_(v40) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
-        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
-        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
-        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray40& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-  const T31 v31_;
-  const T32 v32_;
-  const T33 v33_;
-  const T34 v34_;
-  const T35 v35_;
-  const T36 v36_;
-  const T37 v37_;
-  const T38 v38_;
-  const T39 v39_;
-  const T40 v40_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41>
-class ValueArray41 {
- public:
-  ValueArray41(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40,
-      T41 v41) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
-      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
-      v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
-      v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26),
-      v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32),
-      v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38),
-      v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
-        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
-        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
-        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray41& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-  const T31 v31_;
-  const T32 v32_;
-  const T33 v33_;
-  const T34 v34_;
-  const T35 v35_;
-  const T36 v36_;
-  const T37 v37_;
-  const T38 v38_;
-  const T39 v39_;
-  const T40 v40_;
-  const T41 v41_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42>
-class ValueArray42 {
- public:
-  ValueArray42(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
-      T42 v42) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
-      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
-      v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
-      v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26),
-      v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32),
-      v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38),
-      v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41), v42_(v42) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
-        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
-        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
-        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
-        static_cast<T>(v42_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray42& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-  const T31 v31_;
-  const T32 v32_;
-  const T33 v33_;
-  const T34 v34_;
-  const T35 v35_;
-  const T36 v36_;
-  const T37 v37_;
-  const T38 v38_;
-  const T39 v39_;
-  const T40 v40_;
-  const T41 v41_;
-  const T42 v42_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43>
-class ValueArray43 {
- public:
-  ValueArray43(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
-      T42 v42, T43 v43) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6),
-      v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13),
-      v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19),
-      v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25),
-      v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31),
-      v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37),
-      v38_(v38), v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41), v42_(v42), v43_(v43) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
-        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
-        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
-        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
-        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray43& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-  const T31 v31_;
-  const T32 v32_;
-  const T33 v33_;
-  const T34 v34_;
-  const T35 v35_;
-  const T36 v36_;
-  const T37 v37_;
-  const T38 v38_;
-  const T39 v39_;
-  const T40 v40_;
-  const T41 v41_;
-  const T42 v42_;
-  const T43 v43_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44>
-class ValueArray44 {
- public:
-  ValueArray44(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
-      T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5),
-      v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12),
-      v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18),
-      v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24),
-      v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30),
-      v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36),
-      v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41), v42_(v42),
-      v43_(v43), v44_(v44) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
-        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
-        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
-        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
-        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray44& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-  const T31 v31_;
-  const T32 v32_;
-  const T33 v33_;
-  const T34 v34_;
-  const T35 v35_;
-  const T36 v36_;
-  const T37 v37_;
-  const T38 v38_;
-  const T39 v39_;
-  const T40 v40_;
-  const T41 v41_;
-  const T42 v42_;
-  const T43 v43_;
-  const T44 v44_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45>
-class ValueArray45 {
- public:
-  ValueArray45(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
-      T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4),
-      v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11),
-      v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17),
-      v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23),
-      v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29),
-      v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35),
-      v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41),
-      v42_(v42), v43_(v43), v44_(v44), v45_(v45) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
-        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
-        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
-        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
-        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
-        static_cast<T>(v45_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray45& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-  const T31 v31_;
-  const T32 v32_;
-  const T33 v33_;
-  const T34 v34_;
-  const T35 v35_;
-  const T36 v36_;
-  const T37 v37_;
-  const T38 v38_;
-  const T39 v39_;
-  const T40 v40_;
-  const T41 v41_;
-  const T42 v42_;
-  const T43 v43_;
-  const T44 v44_;
-  const T45 v45_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
-    typename T46>
-class ValueArray46 {
- public:
-  ValueArray46(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
-      T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45, T46 v46) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3),
-      v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
-      v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
-      v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22),
-      v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28),
-      v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34),
-      v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39), v40_(v40),
-      v41_(v41), v42_(v42), v43_(v43), v44_(v44), v45_(v45), v46_(v46) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
-        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
-        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
-        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
-        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
-        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray46& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-  const T31 v31_;
-  const T32 v32_;
-  const T33 v33_;
-  const T34 v34_;
-  const T35 v35_;
-  const T36 v36_;
-  const T37 v37_;
-  const T38 v38_;
-  const T39 v39_;
-  const T40 v40_;
-  const T41 v41_;
-  const T42 v42_;
-  const T43 v43_;
-  const T44 v44_;
-  const T45 v45_;
-  const T46 v46_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
-    typename T46, typename T47>
-class ValueArray47 {
- public:
-  ValueArray47(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
-      T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45, T46 v46, T47 v47) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2),
-      v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
-      v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
-      v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22),
-      v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28),
-      v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34),
-      v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39), v40_(v40),
-      v41_(v41), v42_(v42), v43_(v43), v44_(v44), v45_(v45), v46_(v46),
-      v47_(v47) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
-        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
-        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
-        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
-        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
-        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_), static_cast<T>(v47_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray47& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-  const T31 v31_;
-  const T32 v32_;
-  const T33 v33_;
-  const T34 v34_;
-  const T35 v35_;
-  const T36 v36_;
-  const T37 v37_;
-  const T38 v38_;
-  const T39 v39_;
-  const T40 v40_;
-  const T41 v41_;
-  const T42 v42_;
-  const T43 v43_;
-  const T44 v44_;
-  const T45 v45_;
-  const T46 v46_;
-  const T47 v47_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
-    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48>
-class ValueArray48 {
- public:
-  ValueArray48(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
-      T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45, T46 v46, T47 v47, T48 v48) : v1_(v1),
-      v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9),
-      v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15),
-      v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21),
-      v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27),
-      v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33),
-      v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39),
-      v40_(v40), v41_(v41), v42_(v42), v43_(v43), v44_(v44), v45_(v45),
-      v46_(v46), v47_(v47), v48_(v48) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
-        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
-        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
-        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
-        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
-        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_), static_cast<T>(v47_),
-        static_cast<T>(v48_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray48& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-  const T31 v31_;
-  const T32 v32_;
-  const T33 v33_;
-  const T34 v34_;
-  const T35 v35_;
-  const T36 v36_;
-  const T37 v37_;
-  const T38 v38_;
-  const T39 v39_;
-  const T40 v40_;
-  const T41 v41_;
-  const T42 v42_;
-  const T43 v43_;
-  const T44 v44_;
-  const T45 v45_;
-  const T46 v46_;
-  const T47 v47_;
-  const T48 v48_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
-    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48, typename T49>
-class ValueArray49 {
- public:
-  ValueArray49(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
-      T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45, T46 v46, T47 v47, T48 v48,
-      T49 v49) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
-      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
-      v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
-      v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26),
-      v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32),
-      v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38),
-      v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41), v42_(v42), v43_(v43), v44_(v44),
-      v45_(v45), v46_(v46), v47_(v47), v48_(v48), v49_(v49) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
-        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
-        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
-        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
-        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
-        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_), static_cast<T>(v47_),
-        static_cast<T>(v48_), static_cast<T>(v49_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray49& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-  const T31 v31_;
-  const T32 v32_;
-  const T33 v33_;
-  const T34 v34_;
-  const T35 v35_;
-  const T36 v36_;
-  const T37 v37_;
-  const T38 v38_;
-  const T39 v39_;
-  const T40 v40_;
-  const T41 v41_;
-  const T42 v42_;
-  const T43 v43_;
-  const T44 v44_;
-  const T45 v45_;
-  const T46 v46_;
-  const T47 v47_;
-  const T48 v48_;
-  const T49 v49_;
-};
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
-    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48, typename T49, typename T50>
-class ValueArray50 {
- public:
-  ValueArray50(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-      T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-      T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-      T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-      T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
-      T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45, T46 v46, T47 v47, T48 v48, T49 v49,
-      T50 v50) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
-      v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
-      v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
-      v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26),
-      v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32),
-      v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38),
-      v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41), v42_(v42), v43_(v43), v44_(v44),
-      v45_(v45), v46_(v46), v47_(v47), v48_(v48), v49_(v49), v50_(v50) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
-        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
-        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
-        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
-        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
-        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
-        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
-        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
-        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
-        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
-        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
-        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
-        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
-        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
-        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
-        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_), static_cast<T>(v47_),
-        static_cast<T>(v48_), static_cast<T>(v49_), static_cast<T>(v50_)};
-    return ValuesIn(array);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray50& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-  const T2 v2_;
-  const T3 v3_;
-  const T4 v4_;
-  const T5 v5_;
-  const T6 v6_;
-  const T7 v7_;
-  const T8 v8_;
-  const T9 v9_;
-  const T10 v10_;
-  const T11 v11_;
-  const T12 v12_;
-  const T13 v13_;
-  const T14 v14_;
-  const T15 v15_;
-  const T16 v16_;
-  const T17 v17_;
-  const T18 v18_;
-  const T19 v19_;
-  const T20 v20_;
-  const T21 v21_;
-  const T22 v22_;
-  const T23 v23_;
-  const T24 v24_;
-  const T25 v25_;
-  const T26 v26_;
-  const T27 v27_;
-  const T28 v28_;
-  const T29 v29_;
-  const T30 v30_;
-  const T31 v31_;
-  const T32 v32_;
-  const T33 v33_;
-  const T34 v34_;
-  const T35 v35_;
-  const T36 v36_;
-  const T37 v37_;
-  const T38 v38_;
-  const T39 v39_;
-  const T40 v40_;
-  const T41 v41_;
-  const T42 v42_;
-  const T43 v43_;
-  const T44 v44_;
-  const T45 v45_;
-  const T46 v46_;
-  const T47 v47_;
-  const T48 v48_;
-  const T49 v49_;
-  const T50 v50_;
-};
-
-# if GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
-//
-// Generates values from the Cartesian product of values produced
-// by the argument generators.
-//
-template <typename T1, typename T2>
-class CartesianProductGenerator2
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> > {
- public:
-  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> ParamType;
-
-  CartesianProductGenerator2(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
-      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2)
-      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2) {}
-  virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator2() {}
-
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.begin(), g2_, g2_.begin());
-  }
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* End() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.end(), g2_, g2_.end());
-  }
-
- private:
-  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType> {
-   public:
-    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* base,
-      const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator& current1,
-      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator& current2)
-        : base_(base),
-          begin1_(g1.begin()), end1_(g1.end()), current1_(current1),
-          begin2_(g2.begin()), end2_(g2.end()), current2_(current2)    {
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-    virtual ~Iterator() {}
-
-    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* BaseGenerator() const {
-      return base_;
-    }
-    // Advance should not be called on beyond-of-range iterators
-    // so no component iterators must be beyond end of range, either.
-    virtual void Advance() {
-      assert(!AtEnd());
-      ++current2_;
-      if (current2_ == end2_) {
-        current2_ = begin2_;
-        ++current1_;
-      }
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
-      return new Iterator(*this);
-    }
-    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
-    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
-      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
-      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
-      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
-          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
-          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
-      const Iterator* typed_other =
-          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other);
-      // We must report iterators equal if they both point beyond their
-      // respective ranges. That can happen in a variety of fashions,
-      // so we have to consult AtEnd().
-      return (AtEnd() && typed_other->AtEnd()) ||
-         (
-          current1_ == typed_other->current1_ &&
-          current2_ == typed_other->current2_);
-    }
-
-   private:
-    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
-        : base_(other.base_),
-        begin1_(other.begin1_),
-        end1_(other.end1_),
-        current1_(other.current1_),
-        begin2_(other.begin2_),
-        end2_(other.end2_),
-        current2_(other.current2_) {
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-
-    void ComputeCurrentValue() {
-      if (!AtEnd())
-        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_);
-    }
-    bool AtEnd() const {
-      // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
-      // component iterators has reached the end of its range.
-      return
-          current1_ == end1_ ||
-          current2_ == end2_;
-    }
-
-    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
-
-    const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* const base_;
-    // begin[i]_ and end[i]_ define the i-th range that Iterator traverses.
-    // current[i]_ is the actual traversing iterator.
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator begin1_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator end1_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator current1_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator begin2_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator end2_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator current2_;
-    ParamType current_value_;
-  };  // class CartesianProductGenerator2::Iterator
-
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const CartesianProductGenerator2& other);
-
-  const ParamGenerator<T1> g1_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
-};  // class CartesianProductGenerator2
-
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
-class CartesianProductGenerator3
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3> > {
- public:
-  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3> ParamType;
-
-  CartesianProductGenerator3(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
-      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3)
-      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3) {}
-  virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator3() {}
-
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.begin(), g2_, g2_.begin(), g3_,
-        g3_.begin());
-  }
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* End() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.end(), g2_, g2_.end(), g3_, g3_.end());
-  }
-
- private:
-  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType> {
-   public:
-    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* base,
-      const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator& current1,
-      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator& current2,
-      const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator& current3)
-        : base_(base),
-          begin1_(g1.begin()), end1_(g1.end()), current1_(current1),
-          begin2_(g2.begin()), end2_(g2.end()), current2_(current2),
-          begin3_(g3.begin()), end3_(g3.end()), current3_(current3)    {
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-    virtual ~Iterator() {}
-
-    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* BaseGenerator() const {
-      return base_;
-    }
-    // Advance should not be called on beyond-of-range iterators
-    // so no component iterators must be beyond end of range, either.
-    virtual void Advance() {
-      assert(!AtEnd());
-      ++current3_;
-      if (current3_ == end3_) {
-        current3_ = begin3_;
-        ++current2_;
-      }
-      if (current2_ == end2_) {
-        current2_ = begin2_;
-        ++current1_;
-      }
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
-      return new Iterator(*this);
-    }
-    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
-    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
-      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
-      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
-      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
-          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
-          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
-      const Iterator* typed_other =
-          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other);
-      // We must report iterators equal if they both point beyond their
-      // respective ranges. That can happen in a variety of fashions,
-      // so we have to consult AtEnd().
-      return (AtEnd() && typed_other->AtEnd()) ||
-         (
-          current1_ == typed_other->current1_ &&
-          current2_ == typed_other->current2_ &&
-          current3_ == typed_other->current3_);
-    }
-
-   private:
-    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
-        : base_(other.base_),
-        begin1_(other.begin1_),
-        end1_(other.end1_),
-        current1_(other.current1_),
-        begin2_(other.begin2_),
-        end2_(other.end2_),
-        current2_(other.current2_),
-        begin3_(other.begin3_),
-        end3_(other.end3_),
-        current3_(other.current3_) {
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-
-    void ComputeCurrentValue() {
-      if (!AtEnd())
-        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_);
-    }
-    bool AtEnd() const {
-      // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
-      // component iterators has reached the end of its range.
-      return
-          current1_ == end1_ ||
-          current2_ == end2_ ||
-          current3_ == end3_;
-    }
-
-    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
-
-    const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* const base_;
-    // begin[i]_ and end[i]_ define the i-th range that Iterator traverses.
-    // current[i]_ is the actual traversing iterator.
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator begin1_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator end1_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator current1_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator begin2_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator end2_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator current2_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator begin3_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator end3_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator current3_;
-    ParamType current_value_;
-  };  // class CartesianProductGenerator3::Iterator
-
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const CartesianProductGenerator3& other);
-
-  const ParamGenerator<T1> g1_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T3> g3_;
-};  // class CartesianProductGenerator3
-
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
-class CartesianProductGenerator4
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> > {
- public:
-  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> ParamType;
-
-  CartesianProductGenerator4(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
-      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
-      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4)
-      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4) {}
-  virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator4() {}
-
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.begin(), g2_, g2_.begin(), g3_,
-        g3_.begin(), g4_, g4_.begin());
-  }
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* End() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.end(), g2_, g2_.end(), g3_, g3_.end(),
-        g4_, g4_.end());
-  }
-
- private:
-  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType> {
-   public:
-    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* base,
-      const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator& current1,
-      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator& current2,
-      const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator& current3,
-      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator& current4)
-        : base_(base),
-          begin1_(g1.begin()), end1_(g1.end()), current1_(current1),
-          begin2_(g2.begin()), end2_(g2.end()), current2_(current2),
-          begin3_(g3.begin()), end3_(g3.end()), current3_(current3),
-          begin4_(g4.begin()), end4_(g4.end()), current4_(current4)    {
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-    virtual ~Iterator() {}
-
-    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* BaseGenerator() const {
-      return base_;
-    }
-    // Advance should not be called on beyond-of-range iterators
-    // so no component iterators must be beyond end of range, either.
-    virtual void Advance() {
-      assert(!AtEnd());
-      ++current4_;
-      if (current4_ == end4_) {
-        current4_ = begin4_;
-        ++current3_;
-      }
-      if (current3_ == end3_) {
-        current3_ = begin3_;
-        ++current2_;
-      }
-      if (current2_ == end2_) {
-        current2_ = begin2_;
-        ++current1_;
-      }
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
-      return new Iterator(*this);
-    }
-    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
-    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
-      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
-      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
-      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
-          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
-          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
-      const Iterator* typed_other =
-          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other);
-      // We must report iterators equal if they both point beyond their
-      // respective ranges. That can happen in a variety of fashions,
-      // so we have to consult AtEnd().
-      return (AtEnd() && typed_other->AtEnd()) ||
-         (
-          current1_ == typed_other->current1_ &&
-          current2_ == typed_other->current2_ &&
-          current3_ == typed_other->current3_ &&
-          current4_ == typed_other->current4_);
-    }
-
-   private:
-    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
-        : base_(other.base_),
-        begin1_(other.begin1_),
-        end1_(other.end1_),
-        current1_(other.current1_),
-        begin2_(other.begin2_),
-        end2_(other.end2_),
-        current2_(other.current2_),
-        begin3_(other.begin3_),
-        end3_(other.end3_),
-        current3_(other.current3_),
-        begin4_(other.begin4_),
-        end4_(other.end4_),
-        current4_(other.current4_) {
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-
-    void ComputeCurrentValue() {
-      if (!AtEnd())
-        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
-            *current4_);
-    }
-    bool AtEnd() const {
-      // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
-      // component iterators has reached the end of its range.
-      return
-          current1_ == end1_ ||
-          current2_ == end2_ ||
-          current3_ == end3_ ||
-          current4_ == end4_;
-    }
-
-    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
-
-    const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* const base_;
-    // begin[i]_ and end[i]_ define the i-th range that Iterator traverses.
-    // current[i]_ is the actual traversing iterator.
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator begin1_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator end1_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator current1_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator begin2_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator end2_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator current2_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator begin3_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator end3_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator current3_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator begin4_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator end4_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator current4_;
-    ParamType current_value_;
-  };  // class CartesianProductGenerator4::Iterator
-
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const CartesianProductGenerator4& other);
-
-  const ParamGenerator<T1> g1_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T3> g3_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T4> g4_;
-};  // class CartesianProductGenerator4
-
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
-class CartesianProductGenerator5
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> > {
- public:
-  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> ParamType;
-
-  CartesianProductGenerator5(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
-      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
-      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4, const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5)
-      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5) {}
-  virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator5() {}
-
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.begin(), g2_, g2_.begin(), g3_,
-        g3_.begin(), g4_, g4_.begin(), g5_, g5_.begin());
-  }
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* End() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.end(), g2_, g2_.end(), g3_, g3_.end(),
-        g4_, g4_.end(), g5_, g5_.end());
-  }
-
- private:
-  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType> {
-   public:
-    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* base,
-      const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator& current1,
-      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator& current2,
-      const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator& current3,
-      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator& current4,
-      const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator& current5)
-        : base_(base),
-          begin1_(g1.begin()), end1_(g1.end()), current1_(current1),
-          begin2_(g2.begin()), end2_(g2.end()), current2_(current2),
-          begin3_(g3.begin()), end3_(g3.end()), current3_(current3),
-          begin4_(g4.begin()), end4_(g4.end()), current4_(current4),
-          begin5_(g5.begin()), end5_(g5.end()), current5_(current5)    {
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-    virtual ~Iterator() {}
-
-    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* BaseGenerator() const {
-      return base_;
-    }
-    // Advance should not be called on beyond-of-range iterators
-    // so no component iterators must be beyond end of range, either.
-    virtual void Advance() {
-      assert(!AtEnd());
-      ++current5_;
-      if (current5_ == end5_) {
-        current5_ = begin5_;
-        ++current4_;
-      }
-      if (current4_ == end4_) {
-        current4_ = begin4_;
-        ++current3_;
-      }
-      if (current3_ == end3_) {
-        current3_ = begin3_;
-        ++current2_;
-      }
-      if (current2_ == end2_) {
-        current2_ = begin2_;
-        ++current1_;
-      }
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
-      return new Iterator(*this);
-    }
-    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
-    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
-      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
-      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
-      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
-          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
-          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
-      const Iterator* typed_other =
-          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other);
-      // We must report iterators equal if they both point beyond their
-      // respective ranges. That can happen in a variety of fashions,
-      // so we have to consult AtEnd().
-      return (AtEnd() && typed_other->AtEnd()) ||
-         (
-          current1_ == typed_other->current1_ &&
-          current2_ == typed_other->current2_ &&
-          current3_ == typed_other->current3_ &&
-          current4_ == typed_other->current4_ &&
-          current5_ == typed_other->current5_);
-    }
-
-   private:
-    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
-        : base_(other.base_),
-        begin1_(other.begin1_),
-        end1_(other.end1_),
-        current1_(other.current1_),
-        begin2_(other.begin2_),
-        end2_(other.end2_),
-        current2_(other.current2_),
-        begin3_(other.begin3_),
-        end3_(other.end3_),
-        current3_(other.current3_),
-        begin4_(other.begin4_),
-        end4_(other.end4_),
-        current4_(other.current4_),
-        begin5_(other.begin5_),
-        end5_(other.end5_),
-        current5_(other.current5_) {
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-
-    void ComputeCurrentValue() {
-      if (!AtEnd())
-        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
-            *current4_, *current5_);
-    }
-    bool AtEnd() const {
-      // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
-      // component iterators has reached the end of its range.
-      return
-          current1_ == end1_ ||
-          current2_ == end2_ ||
-          current3_ == end3_ ||
-          current4_ == end4_ ||
-          current5_ == end5_;
-    }
-
-    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
-
-    const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* const base_;
-    // begin[i]_ and end[i]_ define the i-th range that Iterator traverses.
-    // current[i]_ is the actual traversing iterator.
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator begin1_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator end1_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator current1_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator begin2_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator end2_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator current2_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator begin3_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator end3_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator current3_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator begin4_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator end4_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator current4_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator begin5_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator end5_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator current5_;
-    ParamType current_value_;
-  };  // class CartesianProductGenerator5::Iterator
-
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const CartesianProductGenerator5& other);
-
-  const ParamGenerator<T1> g1_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T3> g3_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T4> g4_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T5> g5_;
-};  // class CartesianProductGenerator5
-
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6>
-class CartesianProductGenerator6
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5,
-        T6> > {
- public:
-  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> ParamType;
-
-  CartesianProductGenerator6(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
-      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
-      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4, const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
-      const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6)
-      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6) {}
-  virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator6() {}
-
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.begin(), g2_, g2_.begin(), g3_,
-        g3_.begin(), g4_, g4_.begin(), g5_, g5_.begin(), g6_, g6_.begin());
-  }
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* End() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.end(), g2_, g2_.end(), g3_, g3_.end(),
-        g4_, g4_.end(), g5_, g5_.end(), g6_, g6_.end());
-  }
-
- private:
-  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType> {
-   public:
-    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* base,
-      const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator& current1,
-      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator& current2,
-      const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator& current3,
-      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator& current4,
-      const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator& current5,
-      const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator& current6)
-        : base_(base),
-          begin1_(g1.begin()), end1_(g1.end()), current1_(current1),
-          begin2_(g2.begin()), end2_(g2.end()), current2_(current2),
-          begin3_(g3.begin()), end3_(g3.end()), current3_(current3),
-          begin4_(g4.begin()), end4_(g4.end()), current4_(current4),
-          begin5_(g5.begin()), end5_(g5.end()), current5_(current5),
-          begin6_(g6.begin()), end6_(g6.end()), current6_(current6)    {
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-    virtual ~Iterator() {}
-
-    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* BaseGenerator() const {
-      return base_;
-    }
-    // Advance should not be called on beyond-of-range iterators
-    // so no component iterators must be beyond end of range, either.
-    virtual void Advance() {
-      assert(!AtEnd());
-      ++current6_;
-      if (current6_ == end6_) {
-        current6_ = begin6_;
-        ++current5_;
-      }
-      if (current5_ == end5_) {
-        current5_ = begin5_;
-        ++current4_;
-      }
-      if (current4_ == end4_) {
-        current4_ = begin4_;
-        ++current3_;
-      }
-      if (current3_ == end3_) {
-        current3_ = begin3_;
-        ++current2_;
-      }
-      if (current2_ == end2_) {
-        current2_ = begin2_;
-        ++current1_;
-      }
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
-      return new Iterator(*this);
-    }
-    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
-    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
-      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
-      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
-      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
-          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
-          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
-      const Iterator* typed_other =
-          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other);
-      // We must report iterators equal if they both point beyond their
-      // respective ranges. That can happen in a variety of fashions,
-      // so we have to consult AtEnd().
-      return (AtEnd() && typed_other->AtEnd()) ||
-         (
-          current1_ == typed_other->current1_ &&
-          current2_ == typed_other->current2_ &&
-          current3_ == typed_other->current3_ &&
-          current4_ == typed_other->current4_ &&
-          current5_ == typed_other->current5_ &&
-          current6_ == typed_other->current6_);
-    }
-
-   private:
-    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
-        : base_(other.base_),
-        begin1_(other.begin1_),
-        end1_(other.end1_),
-        current1_(other.current1_),
-        begin2_(other.begin2_),
-        end2_(other.end2_),
-        current2_(other.current2_),
-        begin3_(other.begin3_),
-        end3_(other.end3_),
-        current3_(other.current3_),
-        begin4_(other.begin4_),
-        end4_(other.end4_),
-        current4_(other.current4_),
-        begin5_(other.begin5_),
-        end5_(other.end5_),
-        current5_(other.current5_),
-        begin6_(other.begin6_),
-        end6_(other.end6_),
-        current6_(other.current6_) {
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-
-    void ComputeCurrentValue() {
-      if (!AtEnd())
-        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
-            *current4_, *current5_, *current6_);
-    }
-    bool AtEnd() const {
-      // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
-      // component iterators has reached the end of its range.
-      return
-          current1_ == end1_ ||
-          current2_ == end2_ ||
-          current3_ == end3_ ||
-          current4_ == end4_ ||
-          current5_ == end5_ ||
-          current6_ == end6_;
-    }
-
-    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
-
-    const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* const base_;
-    // begin[i]_ and end[i]_ define the i-th range that Iterator traverses.
-    // current[i]_ is the actual traversing iterator.
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator begin1_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator end1_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator current1_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator begin2_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator end2_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator current2_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator begin3_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator end3_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator current3_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator begin4_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator end4_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator current4_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator begin5_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator end5_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator current5_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator begin6_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator end6_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator current6_;
-    ParamType current_value_;
-  };  // class CartesianProductGenerator6::Iterator
-
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const CartesianProductGenerator6& other);
-
-  const ParamGenerator<T1> g1_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T3> g3_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T4> g4_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T5> g5_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T6> g6_;
-};  // class CartesianProductGenerator6
-
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7>
-class CartesianProductGenerator7
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
-        T7> > {
- public:
-  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> ParamType;
-
-  CartesianProductGenerator7(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
-      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
-      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4, const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
-      const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6, const ParamGenerator<T7>& g7)
-      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7) {}
-  virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator7() {}
-
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.begin(), g2_, g2_.begin(), g3_,
-        g3_.begin(), g4_, g4_.begin(), g5_, g5_.begin(), g6_, g6_.begin(), g7_,
-        g7_.begin());
-  }
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* End() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.end(), g2_, g2_.end(), g3_, g3_.end(),
-        g4_, g4_.end(), g5_, g5_.end(), g6_, g6_.end(), g7_, g7_.end());
-  }
-
- private:
-  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType> {
-   public:
-    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* base,
-      const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator& current1,
-      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator& current2,
-      const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator& current3,
-      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator& current4,
-      const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator& current5,
-      const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator& current6,
-      const ParamGenerator<T7>& g7,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator& current7)
-        : base_(base),
-          begin1_(g1.begin()), end1_(g1.end()), current1_(current1),
-          begin2_(g2.begin()), end2_(g2.end()), current2_(current2),
-          begin3_(g3.begin()), end3_(g3.end()), current3_(current3),
-          begin4_(g4.begin()), end4_(g4.end()), current4_(current4),
-          begin5_(g5.begin()), end5_(g5.end()), current5_(current5),
-          begin6_(g6.begin()), end6_(g6.end()), current6_(current6),
-          begin7_(g7.begin()), end7_(g7.end()), current7_(current7)    {
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-    virtual ~Iterator() {}
-
-    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* BaseGenerator() const {
-      return base_;
-    }
-    // Advance should not be called on beyond-of-range iterators
-    // so no component iterators must be beyond end of range, either.
-    virtual void Advance() {
-      assert(!AtEnd());
-      ++current7_;
-      if (current7_ == end7_) {
-        current7_ = begin7_;
-        ++current6_;
-      }
-      if (current6_ == end6_) {
-        current6_ = begin6_;
-        ++current5_;
-      }
-      if (current5_ == end5_) {
-        current5_ = begin5_;
-        ++current4_;
-      }
-      if (current4_ == end4_) {
-        current4_ = begin4_;
-        ++current3_;
-      }
-      if (current3_ == end3_) {
-        current3_ = begin3_;
-        ++current2_;
-      }
-      if (current2_ == end2_) {
-        current2_ = begin2_;
-        ++current1_;
-      }
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
-      return new Iterator(*this);
-    }
-    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
-    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
-      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
-      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
-      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
-          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
-          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
-      const Iterator* typed_other =
-          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other);
-      // We must report iterators equal if they both point beyond their
-      // respective ranges. That can happen in a variety of fashions,
-      // so we have to consult AtEnd().
-      return (AtEnd() && typed_other->AtEnd()) ||
-         (
-          current1_ == typed_other->current1_ &&
-          current2_ == typed_other->current2_ &&
-          current3_ == typed_other->current3_ &&
-          current4_ == typed_other->current4_ &&
-          current5_ == typed_other->current5_ &&
-          current6_ == typed_other->current6_ &&
-          current7_ == typed_other->current7_);
-    }
-
-   private:
-    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
-        : base_(other.base_),
-        begin1_(other.begin1_),
-        end1_(other.end1_),
-        current1_(other.current1_),
-        begin2_(other.begin2_),
-        end2_(other.end2_),
-        current2_(other.current2_),
-        begin3_(other.begin3_),
-        end3_(other.end3_),
-        current3_(other.current3_),
-        begin4_(other.begin4_),
-        end4_(other.end4_),
-        current4_(other.current4_),
-        begin5_(other.begin5_),
-        end5_(other.end5_),
-        current5_(other.current5_),
-        begin6_(other.begin6_),
-        end6_(other.end6_),
-        current6_(other.current6_),
-        begin7_(other.begin7_),
-        end7_(other.end7_),
-        current7_(other.current7_) {
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-
-    void ComputeCurrentValue() {
-      if (!AtEnd())
-        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
-            *current4_, *current5_, *current6_, *current7_);
-    }
-    bool AtEnd() const {
-      // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
-      // component iterators has reached the end of its range.
-      return
-          current1_ == end1_ ||
-          current2_ == end2_ ||
-          current3_ == end3_ ||
-          current4_ == end4_ ||
-          current5_ == end5_ ||
-          current6_ == end6_ ||
-          current7_ == end7_;
-    }
-
-    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
-
-    const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* const base_;
-    // begin[i]_ and end[i]_ define the i-th range that Iterator traverses.
-    // current[i]_ is the actual traversing iterator.
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator begin1_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator end1_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator current1_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator begin2_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator end2_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator current2_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator begin3_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator end3_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator current3_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator begin4_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator end4_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator current4_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator begin5_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator end5_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator current5_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator begin6_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator end6_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator current6_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator begin7_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator end7_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator current7_;
-    ParamType current_value_;
-  };  // class CartesianProductGenerator7::Iterator
-
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const CartesianProductGenerator7& other);
-
-  const ParamGenerator<T1> g1_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T3> g3_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T4> g4_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T5> g5_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T6> g6_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T7> g7_;
-};  // class CartesianProductGenerator7
-
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
-class CartesianProductGenerator8
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
-        T7, T8> > {
- public:
-  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> ParamType;
-
-  CartesianProductGenerator8(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
-      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
-      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4, const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
-      const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6, const ParamGenerator<T7>& g7,
-      const ParamGenerator<T8>& g8)
-      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7),
-          g8_(g8) {}
-  virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator8() {}
-
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.begin(), g2_, g2_.begin(), g3_,
-        g3_.begin(), g4_, g4_.begin(), g5_, g5_.begin(), g6_, g6_.begin(), g7_,
-        g7_.begin(), g8_, g8_.begin());
-  }
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* End() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.end(), g2_, g2_.end(), g3_, g3_.end(),
-        g4_, g4_.end(), g5_, g5_.end(), g6_, g6_.end(), g7_, g7_.end(), g8_,
-        g8_.end());
-  }
-
- private:
-  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType> {
-   public:
-    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* base,
-      const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator& current1,
-      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator& current2,
-      const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator& current3,
-      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator& current4,
-      const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator& current5,
-      const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator& current6,
-      const ParamGenerator<T7>& g7,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator& current7,
-      const ParamGenerator<T8>& g8,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator& current8)
-        : base_(base),
-          begin1_(g1.begin()), end1_(g1.end()), current1_(current1),
-          begin2_(g2.begin()), end2_(g2.end()), current2_(current2),
-          begin3_(g3.begin()), end3_(g3.end()), current3_(current3),
-          begin4_(g4.begin()), end4_(g4.end()), current4_(current4),
-          begin5_(g5.begin()), end5_(g5.end()), current5_(current5),
-          begin6_(g6.begin()), end6_(g6.end()), current6_(current6),
-          begin7_(g7.begin()), end7_(g7.end()), current7_(current7),
-          begin8_(g8.begin()), end8_(g8.end()), current8_(current8)    {
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-    virtual ~Iterator() {}
-
-    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* BaseGenerator() const {
-      return base_;
-    }
-    // Advance should not be called on beyond-of-range iterators
-    // so no component iterators must be beyond end of range, either.
-    virtual void Advance() {
-      assert(!AtEnd());
-      ++current8_;
-      if (current8_ == end8_) {
-        current8_ = begin8_;
-        ++current7_;
-      }
-      if (current7_ == end7_) {
-        current7_ = begin7_;
-        ++current6_;
-      }
-      if (current6_ == end6_) {
-        current6_ = begin6_;
-        ++current5_;
-      }
-      if (current5_ == end5_) {
-        current5_ = begin5_;
-        ++current4_;
-      }
-      if (current4_ == end4_) {
-        current4_ = begin4_;
-        ++current3_;
-      }
-      if (current3_ == end3_) {
-        current3_ = begin3_;
-        ++current2_;
-      }
-      if (current2_ == end2_) {
-        current2_ = begin2_;
-        ++current1_;
-      }
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
-      return new Iterator(*this);
-    }
-    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
-    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
-      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
-      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
-      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
-          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
-          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
-      const Iterator* typed_other =
-          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other);
-      // We must report iterators equal if they both point beyond their
-      // respective ranges. That can happen in a variety of fashions,
-      // so we have to consult AtEnd().
-      return (AtEnd() && typed_other->AtEnd()) ||
-         (
-          current1_ == typed_other->current1_ &&
-          current2_ == typed_other->current2_ &&
-          current3_ == typed_other->current3_ &&
-          current4_ == typed_other->current4_ &&
-          current5_ == typed_other->current5_ &&
-          current6_ == typed_other->current6_ &&
-          current7_ == typed_other->current7_ &&
-          current8_ == typed_other->current8_);
-    }
-
-   private:
-    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
-        : base_(other.base_),
-        begin1_(other.begin1_),
-        end1_(other.end1_),
-        current1_(other.current1_),
-        begin2_(other.begin2_),
-        end2_(other.end2_),
-        current2_(other.current2_),
-        begin3_(other.begin3_),
-        end3_(other.end3_),
-        current3_(other.current3_),
-        begin4_(other.begin4_),
-        end4_(other.end4_),
-        current4_(other.current4_),
-        begin5_(other.begin5_),
-        end5_(other.end5_),
-        current5_(other.current5_),
-        begin6_(other.begin6_),
-        end6_(other.end6_),
-        current6_(other.current6_),
-        begin7_(other.begin7_),
-        end7_(other.end7_),
-        current7_(other.current7_),
-        begin8_(other.begin8_),
-        end8_(other.end8_),
-        current8_(other.current8_) {
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-
-    void ComputeCurrentValue() {
-      if (!AtEnd())
-        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
-            *current4_, *current5_, *current6_, *current7_, *current8_);
-    }
-    bool AtEnd() const {
-      // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
-      // component iterators has reached the end of its range.
-      return
-          current1_ == end1_ ||
-          current2_ == end2_ ||
-          current3_ == end3_ ||
-          current4_ == end4_ ||
-          current5_ == end5_ ||
-          current6_ == end6_ ||
-          current7_ == end7_ ||
-          current8_ == end8_;
-    }
-
-    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
-
-    const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* const base_;
-    // begin[i]_ and end[i]_ define the i-th range that Iterator traverses.
-    // current[i]_ is the actual traversing iterator.
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator begin1_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator end1_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator current1_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator begin2_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator end2_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator current2_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator begin3_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator end3_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator current3_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator begin4_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator end4_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator current4_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator begin5_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator end5_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator current5_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator begin6_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator end6_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator current6_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator begin7_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator end7_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator current7_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator begin8_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator end8_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator current8_;
-    ParamType current_value_;
-  };  // class CartesianProductGenerator8::Iterator
-
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const CartesianProductGenerator8& other);
-
-  const ParamGenerator<T1> g1_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T3> g3_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T4> g4_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T5> g5_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T6> g6_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T7> g7_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T8> g8_;
-};  // class CartesianProductGenerator8
-
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
-class CartesianProductGenerator9
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
-        T7, T8, T9> > {
- public:
-  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9> ParamType;
-
-  CartesianProductGenerator9(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
-      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
-      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4, const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
-      const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6, const ParamGenerator<T7>& g7,
-      const ParamGenerator<T8>& g8, const ParamGenerator<T9>& g9)
-      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7), g8_(g8),
-          g9_(g9) {}
-  virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator9() {}
-
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.begin(), g2_, g2_.begin(), g3_,
-        g3_.begin(), g4_, g4_.begin(), g5_, g5_.begin(), g6_, g6_.begin(), g7_,
-        g7_.begin(), g8_, g8_.begin(), g9_, g9_.begin());
-  }
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* End() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.end(), g2_, g2_.end(), g3_, g3_.end(),
-        g4_, g4_.end(), g5_, g5_.end(), g6_, g6_.end(), g7_, g7_.end(), g8_,
-        g8_.end(), g9_, g9_.end());
-  }
-
- private:
-  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType> {
-   public:
-    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* base,
-      const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator& current1,
-      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator& current2,
-      const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator& current3,
-      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator& current4,
-      const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator& current5,
-      const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator& current6,
-      const ParamGenerator<T7>& g7,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator& current7,
-      const ParamGenerator<T8>& g8,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator& current8,
-      const ParamGenerator<T9>& g9,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T9>::iterator& current9)
-        : base_(base),
-          begin1_(g1.begin()), end1_(g1.end()), current1_(current1),
-          begin2_(g2.begin()), end2_(g2.end()), current2_(current2),
-          begin3_(g3.begin()), end3_(g3.end()), current3_(current3),
-          begin4_(g4.begin()), end4_(g4.end()), current4_(current4),
-          begin5_(g5.begin()), end5_(g5.end()), current5_(current5),
-          begin6_(g6.begin()), end6_(g6.end()), current6_(current6),
-          begin7_(g7.begin()), end7_(g7.end()), current7_(current7),
-          begin8_(g8.begin()), end8_(g8.end()), current8_(current8),
-          begin9_(g9.begin()), end9_(g9.end()), current9_(current9)    {
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-    virtual ~Iterator() {}
-
-    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* BaseGenerator() const {
-      return base_;
-    }
-    // Advance should not be called on beyond-of-range iterators
-    // so no component iterators must be beyond end of range, either.
-    virtual void Advance() {
-      assert(!AtEnd());
-      ++current9_;
-      if (current9_ == end9_) {
-        current9_ = begin9_;
-        ++current8_;
-      }
-      if (current8_ == end8_) {
-        current8_ = begin8_;
-        ++current7_;
-      }
-      if (current7_ == end7_) {
-        current7_ = begin7_;
-        ++current6_;
-      }
-      if (current6_ == end6_) {
-        current6_ = begin6_;
-        ++current5_;
-      }
-      if (current5_ == end5_) {
-        current5_ = begin5_;
-        ++current4_;
-      }
-      if (current4_ == end4_) {
-        current4_ = begin4_;
-        ++current3_;
-      }
-      if (current3_ == end3_) {
-        current3_ = begin3_;
-        ++current2_;
-      }
-      if (current2_ == end2_) {
-        current2_ = begin2_;
-        ++current1_;
-      }
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
-      return new Iterator(*this);
-    }
-    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
-    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
-      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
-      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
-      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
-          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
-          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
-      const Iterator* typed_other =
-          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other);
-      // We must report iterators equal if they both point beyond their
-      // respective ranges. That can happen in a variety of fashions,
-      // so we have to consult AtEnd().
-      return (AtEnd() && typed_other->AtEnd()) ||
-         (
-          current1_ == typed_other->current1_ &&
-          current2_ == typed_other->current2_ &&
-          current3_ == typed_other->current3_ &&
-          current4_ == typed_other->current4_ &&
-          current5_ == typed_other->current5_ &&
-          current6_ == typed_other->current6_ &&
-          current7_ == typed_other->current7_ &&
-          current8_ == typed_other->current8_ &&
-          current9_ == typed_other->current9_);
-    }
-
-   private:
-    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
-        : base_(other.base_),
-        begin1_(other.begin1_),
-        end1_(other.end1_),
-        current1_(other.current1_),
-        begin2_(other.begin2_),
-        end2_(other.end2_),
-        current2_(other.current2_),
-        begin3_(other.begin3_),
-        end3_(other.end3_),
-        current3_(other.current3_),
-        begin4_(other.begin4_),
-        end4_(other.end4_),
-        current4_(other.current4_),
-        begin5_(other.begin5_),
-        end5_(other.end5_),
-        current5_(other.current5_),
-        begin6_(other.begin6_),
-        end6_(other.end6_),
-        current6_(other.current6_),
-        begin7_(other.begin7_),
-        end7_(other.end7_),
-        current7_(other.current7_),
-        begin8_(other.begin8_),
-        end8_(other.end8_),
-        current8_(other.current8_),
-        begin9_(other.begin9_),
-        end9_(other.end9_),
-        current9_(other.current9_) {
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-
-    void ComputeCurrentValue() {
-      if (!AtEnd())
-        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
-            *current4_, *current5_, *current6_, *current7_, *current8_,
-            *current9_);
-    }
-    bool AtEnd() const {
-      // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
-      // component iterators has reached the end of its range.
-      return
-          current1_ == end1_ ||
-          current2_ == end2_ ||
-          current3_ == end3_ ||
-          current4_ == end4_ ||
-          current5_ == end5_ ||
-          current6_ == end6_ ||
-          current7_ == end7_ ||
-          current8_ == end8_ ||
-          current9_ == end9_;
-    }
-
-    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
-
-    const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* const base_;
-    // begin[i]_ and end[i]_ define the i-th range that Iterator traverses.
-    // current[i]_ is the actual traversing iterator.
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator begin1_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator end1_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator current1_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator begin2_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator end2_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator current2_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator begin3_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator end3_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator current3_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator begin4_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator end4_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator current4_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator begin5_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator end5_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator current5_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator begin6_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator end6_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator current6_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator begin7_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator end7_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator current7_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator begin8_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator end8_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator current8_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T9>::iterator begin9_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T9>::iterator end9_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T9>::iterator current9_;
-    ParamType current_value_;
-  };  // class CartesianProductGenerator9::Iterator
-
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const CartesianProductGenerator9& other);
-
-  const ParamGenerator<T1> g1_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T3> g3_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T4> g4_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T5> g5_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T6> g6_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T7> g7_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T8> g8_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T9> g9_;
-};  // class CartesianProductGenerator9
-
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
-class CartesianProductGenerator10
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
-        T7, T8, T9, T10> > {
- public:
-  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10> ParamType;
-
-  CartesianProductGenerator10(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
-      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
-      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4, const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
-      const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6, const ParamGenerator<T7>& g7,
-      const ParamGenerator<T8>& g8, const ParamGenerator<T9>& g9,
-      const ParamGenerator<T10>& g10)
-      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7), g8_(g8),
-          g9_(g9), g10_(g10) {}
-  virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator10() {}
-
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.begin(), g2_, g2_.begin(), g3_,
-        g3_.begin(), g4_, g4_.begin(), g5_, g5_.begin(), g6_, g6_.begin(), g7_,
-        g7_.begin(), g8_, g8_.begin(), g9_, g9_.begin(), g10_, g10_.begin());
-  }
-  virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* End() const {
-    return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.end(), g2_, g2_.end(), g3_, g3_.end(),
-        g4_, g4_.end(), g5_, g5_.end(), g6_, g6_.end(), g7_, g7_.end(), g8_,
-        g8_.end(), g9_, g9_.end(), g10_, g10_.end());
-  }
-
- private:
-  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType> {
-   public:
-    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* base,
-      const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator& current1,
-      const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator& current2,
-      const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator& current3,
-      const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator& current4,
-      const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator& current5,
-      const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator& current6,
-      const ParamGenerator<T7>& g7,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator& current7,
-      const ParamGenerator<T8>& g8,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator& current8,
-      const ParamGenerator<T9>& g9,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T9>::iterator& current9,
-      const ParamGenerator<T10>& g10,
-      const typename ParamGenerator<T10>::iterator& current10)
-        : base_(base),
-          begin1_(g1.begin()), end1_(g1.end()), current1_(current1),
-          begin2_(g2.begin()), end2_(g2.end()), current2_(current2),
-          begin3_(g3.begin()), end3_(g3.end()), current3_(current3),
-          begin4_(g4.begin()), end4_(g4.end()), current4_(current4),
-          begin5_(g5.begin()), end5_(g5.end()), current5_(current5),
-          begin6_(g6.begin()), end6_(g6.end()), current6_(current6),
-          begin7_(g7.begin()), end7_(g7.end()), current7_(current7),
-          begin8_(g8.begin()), end8_(g8.end()), current8_(current8),
-          begin9_(g9.begin()), end9_(g9.end()), current9_(current9),
-          begin10_(g10.begin()), end10_(g10.end()), current10_(current10)    {
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-    virtual ~Iterator() {}
-
-    virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* BaseGenerator() const {
-      return base_;
-    }
-    // Advance should not be called on beyond-of-range iterators
-    // so no component iterators must be beyond end of range, either.
-    virtual void Advance() {
-      assert(!AtEnd());
-      ++current10_;
-      if (current10_ == end10_) {
-        current10_ = begin10_;
-        ++current9_;
-      }
-      if (current9_ == end9_) {
-        current9_ = begin9_;
-        ++current8_;
-      }
-      if (current8_ == end8_) {
-        current8_ = begin8_;
-        ++current7_;
-      }
-      if (current7_ == end7_) {
-        current7_ = begin7_;
-        ++current6_;
-      }
-      if (current6_ == end6_) {
-        current6_ = begin6_;
-        ++current5_;
-      }
-      if (current5_ == end5_) {
-        current5_ = begin5_;
-        ++current4_;
-      }
-      if (current4_ == end4_) {
-        current4_ = begin4_;
-        ++current3_;
-      }
-      if (current3_ == end3_) {
-        current3_ = begin3_;
-        ++current2_;
-      }
-      if (current2_ == end2_) {
-        current2_ = begin2_;
-        ++current1_;
-      }
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-    virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
-      return new Iterator(*this);
-    }
-    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
-    virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
-      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
-      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
-      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
-          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
-          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
-      const Iterator* typed_other =
-          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other);
-      // We must report iterators equal if they both point beyond their
-      // respective ranges. That can happen in a variety of fashions,
-      // so we have to consult AtEnd().
-      return (AtEnd() && typed_other->AtEnd()) ||
-         (
-          current1_ == typed_other->current1_ &&
-          current2_ == typed_other->current2_ &&
-          current3_ == typed_other->current3_ &&
-          current4_ == typed_other->current4_ &&
-          current5_ == typed_other->current5_ &&
-          current6_ == typed_other->current6_ &&
-          current7_ == typed_other->current7_ &&
-          current8_ == typed_other->current8_ &&
-          current9_ == typed_other->current9_ &&
-          current10_ == typed_other->current10_);
-    }
-
-   private:
-    Iterator(const Iterator& other)
-        : base_(other.base_),
-        begin1_(other.begin1_),
-        end1_(other.end1_),
-        current1_(other.current1_),
-        begin2_(other.begin2_),
-        end2_(other.end2_),
-        current2_(other.current2_),
-        begin3_(other.begin3_),
-        end3_(other.end3_),
-        current3_(other.current3_),
-        begin4_(other.begin4_),
-        end4_(other.end4_),
-        current4_(other.current4_),
-        begin5_(other.begin5_),
-        end5_(other.end5_),
-        current5_(other.current5_),
-        begin6_(other.begin6_),
-        end6_(other.end6_),
-        current6_(other.current6_),
-        begin7_(other.begin7_),
-        end7_(other.end7_),
-        current7_(other.current7_),
-        begin8_(other.begin8_),
-        end8_(other.end8_),
-        current8_(other.current8_),
-        begin9_(other.begin9_),
-        end9_(other.end9_),
-        current9_(other.current9_),
-        begin10_(other.begin10_),
-        end10_(other.end10_),
-        current10_(other.current10_) {
-      ComputeCurrentValue();
-    }
-
-    void ComputeCurrentValue() {
-      if (!AtEnd())
-        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
-            *current4_, *current5_, *current6_, *current7_, *current8_,
-            *current9_, *current10_);
-    }
-    bool AtEnd() const {
-      // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
-      // component iterators has reached the end of its range.
-      return
-          current1_ == end1_ ||
-          current2_ == end2_ ||
-          current3_ == end3_ ||
-          current4_ == end4_ ||
-          current5_ == end5_ ||
-          current6_ == end6_ ||
-          current7_ == end7_ ||
-          current8_ == end8_ ||
-          current9_ == end9_ ||
-          current10_ == end10_;
-    }
-
-    // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-    void operator=(const Iterator& other);
-
-    const ParamGeneratorInterface<ParamType>* const base_;
-    // begin[i]_ and end[i]_ define the i-th range that Iterator traverses.
-    // current[i]_ is the actual traversing iterator.
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator begin1_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator end1_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T1>::iterator current1_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator begin2_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator end2_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator current2_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator begin3_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator end3_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator current3_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator begin4_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator end4_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator current4_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator begin5_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator end5_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator current5_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator begin6_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator end6_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator current6_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator begin7_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator end7_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator current7_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator begin8_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator end8_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator current8_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T9>::iterator begin9_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T9>::iterator end9_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T9>::iterator current9_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T10>::iterator begin10_;
-    const typename ParamGenerator<T10>::iterator end10_;
-    typename ParamGenerator<T10>::iterator current10_;
-    ParamType current_value_;
-  };  // class CartesianProductGenerator10::Iterator
-
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const CartesianProductGenerator10& other);
-
-  const ParamGenerator<T1> g1_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T3> g3_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T4> g4_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T5> g5_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T6> g6_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T7> g7_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T8> g8_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T9> g9_;
-  const ParamGenerator<T10> g10_;
-};  // class CartesianProductGenerator10
-
-
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
-//
-// Helper classes providing Combine() with polymorphic features. They allow
-// casting CartesianProductGeneratorN<T> to ParamGenerator<U> if T is
-// convertible to U.
-//
-template <class Generator1, class Generator2>
-class CartesianProductHolder2 {
- public:
-CartesianProductHolder2(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2)
-      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2) {}
-  template <typename T1, typename T2>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> >(
-        new CartesianProductGenerator2<T1, T2>(
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_)));
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const CartesianProductHolder2& other);
-
-  const Generator1 g1_;
-  const Generator2 g2_;
-};  // class CartesianProductHolder2
-
-template <class Generator1, class Generator2, class Generator3>
-class CartesianProductHolder3 {
- public:
-CartesianProductHolder3(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
-    const Generator3& g3)
-      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3) {}
-  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3> >(
-        new CartesianProductGenerator3<T1, T2, T3>(
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_)));
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const CartesianProductHolder3& other);
-
-  const Generator1 g1_;
-  const Generator2 g2_;
-  const Generator3 g3_;
-};  // class CartesianProductHolder3
-
-template <class Generator1, class Generator2, class Generator3,
-    class Generator4>
-class CartesianProductHolder4 {
- public:
-CartesianProductHolder4(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
-    const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4)
-      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4) {}
-  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> >(
-        new CartesianProductGenerator4<T1, T2, T3, T4>(
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_)));
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const CartesianProductHolder4& other);
-
-  const Generator1 g1_;
-  const Generator2 g2_;
-  const Generator3 g3_;
-  const Generator4 g4_;
-};  // class CartesianProductHolder4
-
-template <class Generator1, class Generator2, class Generator3,
-    class Generator4, class Generator5>
-class CartesianProductHolder5 {
- public:
-CartesianProductHolder5(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
-    const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5)
-      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5) {}
-  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> >(
-        new CartesianProductGenerator5<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>(
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T5> >(g5_)));
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const CartesianProductHolder5& other);
-
-  const Generator1 g1_;
-  const Generator2 g2_;
-  const Generator3 g3_;
-  const Generator4 g4_;
-  const Generator5 g5_;
-};  // class CartesianProductHolder5
-
-template <class Generator1, class Generator2, class Generator3,
-    class Generator4, class Generator5, class Generator6>
-class CartesianProductHolder6 {
- public:
-CartesianProductHolder6(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
-    const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5,
-    const Generator6& g6)
-      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6) {}
-  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-      typename T6>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> >(
-        new CartesianProductGenerator6<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6>(
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T5> >(g5_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T6> >(g6_)));
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const CartesianProductHolder6& other);
-
-  const Generator1 g1_;
-  const Generator2 g2_;
-  const Generator3 g3_;
-  const Generator4 g4_;
-  const Generator5 g5_;
-  const Generator6 g6_;
-};  // class CartesianProductHolder6
-
-template <class Generator1, class Generator2, class Generator3,
-    class Generator4, class Generator5, class Generator6, class Generator7>
-class CartesianProductHolder7 {
- public:
-CartesianProductHolder7(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
-    const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5,
-    const Generator6& g6, const Generator7& g7)
-      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7) {}
-  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-      typename T6, typename T7>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
-      T7> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> >(
-        new CartesianProductGenerator7<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7>(
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T5> >(g5_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T6> >(g6_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T7> >(g7_)));
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const CartesianProductHolder7& other);
-
-  const Generator1 g1_;
-  const Generator2 g2_;
-  const Generator3 g3_;
-  const Generator4 g4_;
-  const Generator5 g5_;
-  const Generator6 g6_;
-  const Generator7 g7_;
-};  // class CartesianProductHolder7
-
-template <class Generator1, class Generator2, class Generator3,
-    class Generator4, class Generator5, class Generator6, class Generator7,
-    class Generator8>
-class CartesianProductHolder8 {
- public:
-CartesianProductHolder8(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
-    const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5,
-    const Generator6& g6, const Generator7& g7, const Generator8& g8)
-      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7),
-          g8_(g8) {}
-  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-      typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7,
-      T8> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> >(
-        new CartesianProductGenerator8<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8>(
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T5> >(g5_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T6> >(g6_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T7> >(g7_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T8> >(g8_)));
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const CartesianProductHolder8& other);
-
-  const Generator1 g1_;
-  const Generator2 g2_;
-  const Generator3 g3_;
-  const Generator4 g4_;
-  const Generator5 g5_;
-  const Generator6 g6_;
-  const Generator7 g7_;
-  const Generator8 g8_;
-};  // class CartesianProductHolder8
-
-template <class Generator1, class Generator2, class Generator3,
-    class Generator4, class Generator5, class Generator6, class Generator7,
-    class Generator8, class Generator9>
-class CartesianProductHolder9 {
- public:
-CartesianProductHolder9(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
-    const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5,
-    const Generator6& g6, const Generator7& g7, const Generator8& g8,
-    const Generator9& g9)
-      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7), g8_(g8),
-          g9_(g9) {}
-  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-      typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
-      T9> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
-        T9> >(
-        new CartesianProductGenerator9<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9>(
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T5> >(g5_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T6> >(g6_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T7> >(g7_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T8> >(g8_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T9> >(g9_)));
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const CartesianProductHolder9& other);
-
-  const Generator1 g1_;
-  const Generator2 g2_;
-  const Generator3 g3_;
-  const Generator4 g4_;
-  const Generator5 g5_;
-  const Generator6 g6_;
-  const Generator7 g7_;
-  const Generator8 g8_;
-  const Generator9 g9_;
-};  // class CartesianProductHolder9
-
-template <class Generator1, class Generator2, class Generator3,
-    class Generator4, class Generator5, class Generator6, class Generator7,
-    class Generator8, class Generator9, class Generator10>
-class CartesianProductHolder10 {
- public:
-CartesianProductHolder10(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
-    const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5,
-    const Generator6& g6, const Generator7& g7, const Generator8& g8,
-    const Generator9& g9, const Generator10& g10)
-      : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7), g8_(g8),
-          g9_(g9), g10_(g10) {}
-  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-      typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9,
-      T10> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9,
-        T10> >(
-        new CartesianProductGenerator10<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9,
-            T10>(
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T5> >(g5_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T6> >(g6_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T7> >(g7_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T8> >(g8_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T9> >(g9_),
-        static_cast<ParamGenerator<T10> >(g10_)));
-  }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const CartesianProductHolder10& other);
-
-  const Generator1 g1_;
-  const Generator2 g2_;
-  const Generator3 g3_;
-  const Generator4 g4_;
-  const Generator5 g5_;
-  const Generator6 g6_;
-  const Generator7 g7_;
-  const Generator8 g8_;
-  const Generator9 g9_;
-  const Generator10 g10_;
-};  // class CartesianProductHolder10
-
-# endif  // GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
-
-}  // namespace internal
-}  // namespace testing
-
-#endif  //  GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
-namespace testing {
-
-// Functions producing parameter generators.
-//
-// Google Test uses these generators to produce parameters for value-
-// parameterized tests. When a parameterized test case is instantiated
-// with a particular generator, Google Test creates and runs tests
-// for each element in the sequence produced by the generator.
-//
-// In the following sample, tests from test case FooTest are instantiated
-// each three times with parameter values 3, 5, and 8:
-//
-// class FooTest : public TestWithParam<int> { ... };
-//
-// TEST_P(FooTest, TestThis) {
-// }
-// TEST_P(FooTest, TestThat) {
-// }
-// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(TestSequence, FooTest, Values(3, 5, 8));
-//
-
-// Range() returns generators providing sequences of values in a range.
-//
-// Synopsis:
-// Range(start, end)
-//   - returns a generator producing a sequence of values {start, start+1,
-//     start+2, ..., }.
-// Range(start, end, step)
-//   - returns a generator producing a sequence of values {start, start+step,
-//     start+step+step, ..., }.
-// Notes:
-//   * The generated sequences never include end. For example, Range(1, 5)
-//     returns a generator producing a sequence {1, 2, 3, 4}. Range(1, 9, 2)
-//     returns a generator producing {1, 3, 5, 7}.
-//   * start and end must have the same type. That type may be any integral or
-//     floating-point type or a user defined type satisfying these conditions:
-//     * It must be assignable (have operator=() defined).
-//     * It must have operator+() (operator+(int-compatible type) for
-//       two-operand version).
-//     * It must have operator<() defined.
-//     Elements in the resulting sequences will also have that type.
-//   * Condition start < end must be satisfied in order for resulting sequences
-//     to contain any elements.
-//
-template <typename T, typename IncrementT>
-internal::ParamGenerator<T> Range(T start, T end, IncrementT step) {
-  return internal::ParamGenerator<T>(
-      new internal::RangeGenerator<T, IncrementT>(start, end, step));
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-internal::ParamGenerator<T> Range(T start, T end) {
-  return Range(start, end, 1);
-}
-
-// ValuesIn() function allows generation of tests with parameters coming from
-// a container.
-//
-// Synopsis:
-// ValuesIn(const T (&array)[N])
-//   - returns a generator producing sequences with elements from
-//     a C-style array.
-// ValuesIn(const Container& container)
-//   - returns a generator producing sequences with elements from
-//     an STL-style container.
-// ValuesIn(Iterator begin, Iterator end)
-//   - returns a generator producing sequences with elements from
-//     a range [begin, end) defined by a pair of STL-style iterators. These
-//     iterators can also be plain C pointers.
-//
-// Please note that ValuesIn copies the values from the containers
-// passed in and keeps them to generate tests in RUN_ALL_TESTS().
-//
-// Examples:
-//
-// This instantiates tests from test case StringTest
-// each with C-string values of "foo", "bar", and "baz":
-//
-// const char* strings[] = {"foo", "bar", "baz"};
-// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(StringSequence, SrtingTest, ValuesIn(strings));
-//
-// This instantiates tests from test case StlStringTest
-// each with STL strings with values "a" and "b":
-//
-// ::std::vector< ::std::string> GetParameterStrings() {
-//   ::std::vector< ::std::string> v;
-//   v.push_back("a");
-//   v.push_back("b");
-//   return v;
-// }
-//
-// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CharSequence,
-//                         StlStringTest,
-//                         ValuesIn(GetParameterStrings()));
-//
-//
-// This will also instantiate tests from CharTest
-// each with parameter values 'a' and 'b':
-//
-// ::std::list<char> GetParameterChars() {
-//   ::std::list<char> list;
-//   list.push_back('a');
-//   list.push_back('b');
-//   return list;
-// }
-// ::std::list<char> l = GetParameterChars();
-// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CharSequence2,
-//                         CharTest,
-//                         ValuesIn(l.begin(), l.end()));
-//
-template <typename ForwardIterator>
-internal::ParamGenerator<
-  typename ::testing::internal::IteratorTraits<ForwardIterator>::value_type>
-ValuesIn(ForwardIterator begin, ForwardIterator end) {
-  typedef typename ::testing::internal::IteratorTraits<ForwardIterator>
-      ::value_type ParamType;
-  return internal::ParamGenerator<ParamType>(
-      new internal::ValuesInIteratorRangeGenerator<ParamType>(begin, end));
-}
-
-template <typename T, size_t N>
-internal::ParamGenerator<T> ValuesIn(const T (&array)[N]) {
-  return ValuesIn(array, array + N);
-}
-
-template <class Container>
-internal::ParamGenerator<typename Container::value_type> ValuesIn(
-    const Container& container) {
-  return ValuesIn(container.begin(), container.end());
-}
-
-// Values() allows generating tests from explicitly specified list of
-// parameters.
-//
-// Synopsis:
-// Values(T v1, T v2, ..., T vN)
-//   - returns a generator producing sequences with elements v1, v2, ..., vN.
-//
-// For example, this instantiates tests from test case BarTest each
-// with values "one", "two", and "three":
-//
-// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(NumSequence, BarTest, Values("one", "two", "three"));
-//
-// This instantiates tests from test case BazTest each with values 1, 2, 3.5.
-// The exact type of values will depend on the type of parameter in BazTest.
-//
-// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(FloatingNumbers, BazTest, Values(1, 2, 3.5));
-//
-// Currently, Values() supports from 1 to 50 parameters.
-//
-template <typename T1>
-internal::ValueArray1<T1> Values(T1 v1) {
-  return internal::ValueArray1<T1>(v1);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2>
-internal::ValueArray2<T1, T2> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2) {
-  return internal::ValueArray2<T1, T2>(v1, v2);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
-internal::ValueArray3<T1, T2, T3> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3) {
-  return internal::ValueArray3<T1, T2, T3>(v1, v2, v3);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
-internal::ValueArray4<T1, T2, T3, T4> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4) {
-  return internal::ValueArray4<T1, T2, T3, T4>(v1, v2, v3, v4);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
-internal::ValueArray5<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4,
-    T5 v5) {
-  return internal::ValueArray5<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6>
-internal::ValueArray6<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3,
-    T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6) {
-  return internal::ValueArray6<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7>
-internal::ValueArray7<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3,
-    T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7) {
-  return internal::ValueArray7<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5,
-      v6, v7);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
-internal::ValueArray8<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2,
-    T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8) {
-  return internal::ValueArray8<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8>(v1, v2, v3, v4,
-      v5, v6, v7, v8);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
-internal::ValueArray9<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2,
-    T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9) {
-  return internal::ValueArray9<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9>(v1, v2, v3,
-      v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
-internal::ValueArray10<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10> Values(T1 v1,
-    T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10) {
-  return internal::ValueArray10<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10>(v1,
-      v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11>
-internal::ValueArray11<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10,
-    T11> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-    T10 v10, T11 v11) {
-  return internal::ValueArray11<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10,
-      T11>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12>
-internal::ValueArray12<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-    T12> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12) {
-  return internal::ValueArray12<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13>
-internal::ValueArray13<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,
-    T13> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13) {
-  return internal::ValueArray13<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14>
-internal::ValueArray14<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14) {
-  return internal::ValueArray14<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13,
-      v14);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15>
-internal::ValueArray15<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8,
-    T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15) {
-  return internal::ValueArray15<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12,
-      v13, v14, v15);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16>
-internal::ValueArray16<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7,
-    T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15,
-    T16 v16) {
-  return internal::ValueArray16<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11,
-      v12, v13, v14, v15, v16);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17>
-internal::ValueArray17<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7,
-    T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15,
-    T16 v16, T17 v17) {
-  return internal::ValueArray17<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10,
-      v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18>
-internal::ValueArray18<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6,
-    T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15,
-    T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18) {
-  return internal::ValueArray18<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9,
-      v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19>
-internal::ValueArray19<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5,
-    T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14,
-    T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19) {
-  return internal::ValueArray19<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8,
-      v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20>
-internal::ValueArray20<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4,
-    T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13,
-    T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20) {
-  return internal::ValueArray20<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-      v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21>
-internal::ValueArray21<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4,
-    T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13,
-    T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21) {
-  return internal::ValueArray21<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6,
-      v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22>
-internal::ValueArray22<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3,
-    T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12,
-    T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20,
-    T21 v21, T22 v22) {
-  return internal::ValueArray22<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22>(v1, v2, v3, v4,
-      v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19,
-      v20, v21, v22);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23>
-internal::ValueArray23<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2,
-    T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12,
-    T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20,
-    T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23) {
-  return internal::ValueArray23<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23>(v1, v2, v3,
-      v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19,
-      v20, v21, v22, v23);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24>
-internal::ValueArray24<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2,
-    T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12,
-    T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20,
-    T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24) {
-  return internal::ValueArray24<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24>(v1, v2,
-      v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18,
-      v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25>
-internal::ValueArray25<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25> Values(T1 v1,
-    T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11,
-    T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19,
-    T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25) {
-  return internal::ValueArray25<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25>(v1,
-      v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17,
-      v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26>
-internal::ValueArray26<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-    T26> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-    T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-    T26 v26) {
-  return internal::ValueArray26<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15,
-      v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27>
-internal::ValueArray27<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26,
-    T27> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-    T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-    T26 v26, T27 v27) {
-  return internal::ValueArray27<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14,
-      v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28>
-internal::ValueArray28<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27,
-    T28> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-    T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-    T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28) {
-  return internal::ValueArray28<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13,
-      v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27,
-      v28);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29>
-internal::ValueArray29<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-    T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-    T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29) {
-  return internal::ValueArray29<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12,
-      v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26,
-      v27, v28, v29);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30>
-internal::ValueArray30<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8,
-    T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16,
-    T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24,
-    T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30) {
-  return internal::ValueArray30<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11,
-      v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25,
-      v26, v27, v28, v29, v30);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31>
-internal::ValueArray31<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7,
-    T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15,
-    T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23,
-    T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31) {
-  return internal::ValueArray31<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10,
-      v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24,
-      v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32>
-internal::ValueArray32<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31, T32> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7,
-    T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15,
-    T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23,
-    T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31,
-    T32 v32) {
-  return internal::ValueArray32<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9,
-      v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23,
-      v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33>
-internal::ValueArray33<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6,
-    T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15,
-    T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23,
-    T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31,
-    T32 v32, T33 v33) {
-  return internal::ValueArray33<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8,
-      v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23,
-      v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34>
-internal::ValueArray34<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5,
-    T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14,
-    T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22,
-    T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30,
-    T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34) {
-  return internal::ValueArray34<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-      v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22,
-      v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35>
-internal::ValueArray35<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4,
-    T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13,
-    T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21,
-    T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29,
-    T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35) {
-  return internal::ValueArray35<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6,
-      v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21,
-      v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36>
-internal::ValueArray36<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4,
-    T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13,
-    T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21,
-    T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29,
-    T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36) {
-  return internal::ValueArray36<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36>(v1, v2, v3, v4,
-      v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19,
-      v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33,
-      v34, v35, v36);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37>
-internal::ValueArray37<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3,
-    T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12,
-    T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20,
-    T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28,
-    T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36,
-    T37 v37) {
-  return internal::ValueArray37<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37>(v1, v2, v3,
-      v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19,
-      v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33,
-      v34, v35, v36, v37);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38>
-internal::ValueArray38<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2,
-    T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12,
-    T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20,
-    T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28,
-    T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36,
-    T37 v37, T38 v38) {
-  return internal::ValueArray38<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38>(v1, v2,
-      v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18,
-      v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32,
-      v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39>
-internal::ValueArray39<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2,
-    T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12,
-    T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20,
-    T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28,
-    T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36,
-    T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39) {
-  return internal::ValueArray39<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39>(v1,
-      v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17,
-      v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31,
-      v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40>
-internal::ValueArray40<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40> Values(T1 v1,
-    T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11,
-    T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19,
-    T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27,
-    T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35,
-    T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40) {
-  return internal::ValueArray40<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
-      T40>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15,
-      v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29,
-      v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41>
-internal::ValueArray41<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40,
-    T41> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-    T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-    T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-    T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41) {
-  return internal::ValueArray41<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
-      T40, T41>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14,
-      v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28,
-      v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42>
-internal::ValueArray42<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41,
-    T42> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-    T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-    T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-    T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
-    T42 v42) {
-  return internal::ValueArray42<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
-      T40, T41, T42>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13,
-      v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27,
-      v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41,
-      v42);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43>
-internal::ValueArray43<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42,
-    T43> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-    T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-    T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-    T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
-    T42 v42, T43 v43) {
-  return internal::ValueArray43<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
-      T40, T41, T42, T43>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12,
-      v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26,
-      v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40,
-      v41, v42, v43);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44>
-internal::ValueArray44<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
-    T44> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
-    T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
-    T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
-    T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33,
-    T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41,
-    T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44) {
-  return internal::ValueArray44<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
-      T40, T41, T42, T43, T44>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11,
-      v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25,
-      v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39,
-      v40, v41, v42, v43, v44);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45>
-internal::ValueArray45<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
-    T44, T45> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8,
-    T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16,
-    T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24,
-    T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32,
-    T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40,
-    T41 v41, T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45) {
-  return internal::ValueArray45<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
-      T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10,
-      v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24,
-      v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38,
-      v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
-    typename T46>
-internal::ValueArray46<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
-    T44, T45, T46> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7,
-    T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15,
-    T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23,
-    T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31,
-    T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39,
-    T40 v40, T41 v41, T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45, T46 v46) {
-  return internal::ValueArray46<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
-      T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9,
-      v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23,
-      v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37,
-      v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
-    typename T46, typename T47>
-internal::ValueArray47<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
-    T44, T45, T46, T47> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7,
-    T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15,
-    T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23,
-    T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31,
-    T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39,
-    T40 v40, T41 v41, T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45, T46 v46, T47 v47) {
-  return internal::ValueArray47<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
-      T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8,
-      v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23,
-      v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37,
-      v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
-    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48>
-internal::ValueArray48<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
-    T44, T45, T46, T47, T48> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6,
-    T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15,
-    T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23,
-    T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30, T31 v31,
-    T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38, T39 v39,
-    T40 v40, T41 v41, T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45, T46 v46, T47 v47,
-    T48 v48) {
-  return internal::ValueArray48<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
-      T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-      v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22,
-      v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36,
-      v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
-    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48, typename T49>
-internal::ValueArray49<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
-    T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5,
-    T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14,
-    T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22,
-    T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29, T30 v30,
-    T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37, T38 v38,
-    T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41, T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45, T46 v46,
-    T47 v47, T48 v48, T49 v49) {
-  return internal::ValueArray49<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
-      T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49>(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6,
-      v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21,
-      v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35,
-      v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49);
-}
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
-    typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
-    typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
-    typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
-    typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
-    typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
-    typename T36, typename T37, typename T38, typename T39, typename T40,
-    typename T41, typename T42, typename T43, typename T44, typename T45,
-    typename T46, typename T47, typename T48, typename T49, typename T50>
-internal::ValueArray50<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,
-    T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25, T26, T27, T28,
-    T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39, T40, T41, T42, T43,
-    T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49, T50> Values(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4,
-    T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9, T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13,
-    T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17, T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21,
-    T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25, T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29,
-    T30 v30, T31 v31, T32 v32, T33 v33, T34 v34, T35 v35, T36 v36, T37 v37,
-    T38 v38, T39 v39, T40 v40, T41 v41, T42 v42, T43 v43, T44 v44, T45 v45,
-    T46 v46, T47 v47, T48 v48, T49 v49, T50 v50) {
-  return internal::ValueArray50<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,
-      T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T25,
-      T26, T27, T28, T29, T30, T31, T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39,
-      T40, T41, T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49, T50>(v1, v2, v3, v4,
-      v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19,
-      v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33,
-      v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47,
-      v48, v49, v50);
-}
-
-// Bool() allows generating tests with parameters in a set of (false, true).
-//
-// Synopsis:
-// Bool()
-//   - returns a generator producing sequences with elements {false, true}.
-//
-// It is useful when testing code that depends on Boolean flags. Combinations
-// of multiple flags can be tested when several Bool()'s are combined using
-// Combine() function.
-//
-// In the following example all tests in the test case FlagDependentTest
-// will be instantiated twice with parameters false and true.
-//
-// class FlagDependentTest : public testing::TestWithParam<bool> {
-//   virtual void SetUp() {
-//     external_flag = GetParam();
-//   }
-// }
-// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(BoolSequence, FlagDependentTest, Bool());
-//
-inline internal::ParamGenerator<bool> Bool() {
-  return Values(false, true);
-}
-
-# if GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
-// Combine() allows the user to combine two or more sequences to produce
-// values of a Cartesian product of those sequences' elements.
-//
-// Synopsis:
-// Combine(gen1, gen2, ..., genN)
-//   - returns a generator producing sequences with elements coming from
-//     the Cartesian product of elements from the sequences generated by
-//     gen1, gen2, ..., genN. The sequence elements will have a type of
-//     tuple<T1, T2, ..., TN> where T1, T2, ..., TN are the types
-//     of elements from sequences produces by gen1, gen2, ..., genN.
-//
-// Combine can have up to 10 arguments. This number is currently limited
-// by the maximum number of elements in the tuple implementation used by Google
-// Test.
-//
-// Example:
-//
-// This will instantiate tests in test case AnimalTest each one with
-// the parameter values tuple("cat", BLACK), tuple("cat", WHITE),
-// tuple("dog", BLACK), and tuple("dog", WHITE):
-//
-// enum Color { BLACK, GRAY, WHITE };
-// class AnimalTest
-//     : public testing::TestWithParam<tuple<const char*, Color> > {...};
-//
-// TEST_P(AnimalTest, AnimalLooksNice) {...}
-//
-// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(AnimalVariations, AnimalTest,
-//                         Combine(Values("cat", "dog"),
-//                                 Values(BLACK, WHITE)));
-//
-// This will instantiate tests in FlagDependentTest with all variations of two
-// Boolean flags:
-//
-// class FlagDependentTest
-//     : public testing::TestWithParam<tuple<bool, bool> > {
-//   virtual void SetUp() {
-//     // Assigns external_flag_1 and external_flag_2 values from the tuple.
-//     tie(external_flag_1, external_flag_2) = GetParam();
-//   }
-// };
-//
-// TEST_P(FlagDependentTest, TestFeature1) {
-//   // Test your code using external_flag_1 and external_flag_2 here.
-// }
-// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(TwoBoolSequence, FlagDependentTest,
-//                         Combine(Bool(), Bool()));
-//
-template <typename Generator1, typename Generator2>
-internal::CartesianProductHolder2<Generator1, Generator2> Combine(
-    const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2) {
-  return internal::CartesianProductHolder2<Generator1, Generator2>(
-      g1, g2);
-}
-
-template <typename Generator1, typename Generator2, typename Generator3>
-internal::CartesianProductHolder3<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3> Combine(
-    const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2, const Generator3& g3) {
-  return internal::CartesianProductHolder3<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3>(
-      g1, g2, g3);
-}
-
-template <typename Generator1, typename Generator2, typename Generator3,
-    typename Generator4>
-internal::CartesianProductHolder4<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
-    Generator4> Combine(
-    const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2, const Generator3& g3,
-        const Generator4& g4) {
-  return internal::CartesianProductHolder4<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
-      Generator4>(
-      g1, g2, g3, g4);
-}
-
-template <typename Generator1, typename Generator2, typename Generator3,
-    typename Generator4, typename Generator5>
-internal::CartesianProductHolder5<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
-    Generator4, Generator5> Combine(
-    const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2, const Generator3& g3,
-        const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5) {
-  return internal::CartesianProductHolder5<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
-      Generator4, Generator5>(
-      g1, g2, g3, g4, g5);
-}
-
-template <typename Generator1, typename Generator2, typename Generator3,
-    typename Generator4, typename Generator5, typename Generator6>
-internal::CartesianProductHolder6<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
-    Generator4, Generator5, Generator6> Combine(
-    const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2, const Generator3& g3,
-        const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5, const Generator6& g6) {
-  return internal::CartesianProductHolder6<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
-      Generator4, Generator5, Generator6>(
-      g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6);
-}
-
-template <typename Generator1, typename Generator2, typename Generator3,
-    typename Generator4, typename Generator5, typename Generator6,
-    typename Generator7>
-internal::CartesianProductHolder7<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
-    Generator4, Generator5, Generator6, Generator7> Combine(
-    const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2, const Generator3& g3,
-        const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5, const Generator6& g6,
-        const Generator7& g7) {
-  return internal::CartesianProductHolder7<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
-      Generator4, Generator5, Generator6, Generator7>(
-      g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7);
-}
-
-template <typename Generator1, typename Generator2, typename Generator3,
-    typename Generator4, typename Generator5, typename Generator6,
-    typename Generator7, typename Generator8>
-internal::CartesianProductHolder8<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
-    Generator4, Generator5, Generator6, Generator7, Generator8> Combine(
-    const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2, const Generator3& g3,
-        const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5, const Generator6& g6,
-        const Generator7& g7, const Generator8& g8) {
-  return internal::CartesianProductHolder8<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
-      Generator4, Generator5, Generator6, Generator7, Generator8>(
-      g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7, g8);
-}
-
-template <typename Generator1, typename Generator2, typename Generator3,
-    typename Generator4, typename Generator5, typename Generator6,
-    typename Generator7, typename Generator8, typename Generator9>
-internal::CartesianProductHolder9<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
-    Generator4, Generator5, Generator6, Generator7, Generator8,
-    Generator9> Combine(
-    const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2, const Generator3& g3,
-        const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5, const Generator6& g6,
-        const Generator7& g7, const Generator8& g8, const Generator9& g9) {
-  return internal::CartesianProductHolder9<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
-      Generator4, Generator5, Generator6, Generator7, Generator8, Generator9>(
-      g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7, g8, g9);
-}
-
-template <typename Generator1, typename Generator2, typename Generator3,
-    typename Generator4, typename Generator5, typename Generator6,
-    typename Generator7, typename Generator8, typename Generator9,
-    typename Generator10>
-internal::CartesianProductHolder10<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
-    Generator4, Generator5, Generator6, Generator7, Generator8, Generator9,
-    Generator10> Combine(
-    const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2, const Generator3& g3,
-        const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5, const Generator6& g6,
-        const Generator7& g7, const Generator8& g8, const Generator9& g9,
-        const Generator10& g10) {
-  return internal::CartesianProductHolder10<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
-      Generator4, Generator5, Generator6, Generator7, Generator8, Generator9,
-      Generator10>(
-      g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7, g8, g9, g10);
-}
-# endif  // GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
-
-
-
-# define TEST_P(test_case_name, test_name) \
-  class GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name) \
-      : public test_case_name { \
-   public: \
-    GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)() {} \
-    virtual void TestBody(); \
-   private: \
-    static int AddToRegistry() { \
-      ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->parameterized_test_registry(). \
-          GetTestCasePatternHolder<test_case_name>(\
-              #test_case_name, __FILE__, __LINE__)->AddTestPattern(\
-                  #test_case_name, \
-                  #test_name, \
-                  new ::testing::internal::TestMetaFactory< \
-                      GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)>()); \
-      return 0; \
-    } \
-    static int gtest_registering_dummy_; \
-    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(\
-        GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)); \
-  }; \
-  int GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, \
-                             test_name)::gtest_registering_dummy_ = \
-      GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)::AddToRegistry(); \
-  void GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)::TestBody()
-
-# define INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(prefix, test_case_name, generator) \
-  ::testing::internal::ParamGenerator<test_case_name::ParamType> \
-      gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerator_() { return generator; } \
-  int gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_dummy_ = \
-      ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->parameterized_test_registry(). \
-          GetTestCasePatternHolder<test_case_name>(\
-              #test_case_name, __FILE__, __LINE__)->AddTestCaseInstantiation(\
-                  #prefix, \
-                  &gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerator_, \
-                  __FILE__, __LINE__)
-
-}  // namespace testing
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PARAM_TEST_H_
-// Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-//
-// Google C++ Testing Framework definitions useful in production code.
-
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PROD_H_
-#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PROD_H_
-
-// When you need to test the private or protected members of a class,
-// use the FRIEND_TEST macro to declare your tests as friends of the
-// class.  For example:
-//
-// class MyClass {
-//  private:
-//   void MyMethod();
-//   FRIEND_TEST(MyClassTest, MyMethod);
-// };
-//
-// class MyClassTest : public testing::Test {
-//   // ...
-// };
-//
-// TEST_F(MyClassTest, MyMethod) {
-//   // Can call MyClass::MyMethod() here.
-// }
-
-#define FRIEND_TEST(test_case_name, test_name)\
-friend class test_case_name##_##test_name##_Test
-
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PROD_H_
-// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: mheule@google.com (Markus Heule)
-//
-
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_TEST_PART_H_
-#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_TEST_PART_H_
-
-#include <iosfwd>
-#include <vector>
-
-namespace testing {
-
-// A copyable object representing the result of a test part (i.e. an
-// assertion or an explicit FAIL(), ADD_FAILURE(), or SUCCESS()).
-//
-// Don't inherit from TestPartResult as its destructor is not virtual.
-class GTEST_API_ TestPartResult {
- public:
-  // The possible outcomes of a test part (i.e. an assertion or an
-  // explicit SUCCEED(), FAIL(), or ADD_FAILURE()).
-  enum Type {
-    kSuccess,          // Succeeded.
-    kNonFatalFailure,  // Failed but the test can continue.
-    kFatalFailure      // Failed and the test should be terminated.
-  };
-
-  // C'tor.  TestPartResult does NOT have a default constructor.
-  // Always use this constructor (with parameters) to create a
-  // TestPartResult object.
-  TestPartResult(Type a_type,
-                 const char* a_file_name,
-                 int a_line_number,
-                 const char* a_message)
-      : type_(a_type),
-        file_name_(a_file_name == NULL ? "" : a_file_name),
-        line_number_(a_line_number),
-        summary_(ExtractSummary(a_message)),
-        message_(a_message) {
-  }
-
-  // Gets the outcome of the test part.
-  Type type() const { return type_; }
-
-  // Gets the name of the source file where the test part took place, or
-  // NULL if it's unknown.
-  const char* file_name() const {
-    return file_name_.empty() ? NULL : file_name_.c_str();
-  }
-
-  // Gets the line in the source file where the test part took place,
-  // or -1 if it's unknown.
-  int line_number() const { return line_number_; }
-
-  // Gets the summary of the failure message.
-  const char* summary() const { return summary_.c_str(); }
-
-  // Gets the message associated with the test part.
-  const char* message() const { return message_.c_str(); }
-
-  // Returns true iff the test part passed.
-  bool passed() const { return type_ == kSuccess; }
-
-  // Returns true iff the test part failed.
-  bool failed() const { return type_ != kSuccess; }
-
-  // Returns true iff the test part non-fatally failed.
-  bool nonfatally_failed() const { return type_ == kNonFatalFailure; }
-
-  // Returns true iff the test part fatally failed.
-  bool fatally_failed() const { return type_ == kFatalFailure; }
-
- private:
-  Type type_;
-
-  // Gets the summary of the failure message by omitting the stack
-  // trace in it.
-  static std::string ExtractSummary(const char* message);
-
-  // The name of the source file where the test part took place, or
-  // "" if the source file is unknown.
-  std::string file_name_;
-  // The line in the source file where the test part took place, or -1
-  // if the line number is unknown.
-  int line_number_;
-  std::string summary_;  // The test failure summary.
-  std::string message_;  // The test failure message.
-};
-
-// Prints a TestPartResult object.
-std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const TestPartResult& result);
-
-// An array of TestPartResult objects.
-//
-// Don't inherit from TestPartResultArray as its destructor is not
-// virtual.
-class GTEST_API_ TestPartResultArray {
- public:
-  TestPartResultArray() {}
-
-  // Appends the given TestPartResult to the array.
-  void Append(const TestPartResult& result);
-
-  // Returns the TestPartResult at the given index (0-based).
-  const TestPartResult& GetTestPartResult(int index) const;
-
-  // Returns the number of TestPartResult objects in the array.
-  int size() const;
-
- private:
-  std::vector<TestPartResult> array_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestPartResultArray);
-};
-
-// This interface knows how to report a test part result.
-class TestPartResultReporterInterface {
- public:
-  virtual ~TestPartResultReporterInterface() {}
-
-  virtual void ReportTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& result) = 0;
-};
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// This helper class is used by {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NO_FATAL_FAILURE to check if a
-// statement generates new fatal failures. To do so it registers itself as the
-// current test part result reporter. Besides checking if fatal failures were
-// reported, it only delegates the reporting to the former result reporter.
-// The original result reporter is restored in the destructor.
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-class GTEST_API_ HasNewFatalFailureHelper
-    : public TestPartResultReporterInterface {
- public:
-  HasNewFatalFailureHelper();
-  virtual ~HasNewFatalFailureHelper();
-  virtual void ReportTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& result);
-  bool has_new_fatal_failure() const { return has_new_fatal_failure_; }
- private:
-  bool has_new_fatal_failure_;
-  TestPartResultReporterInterface* original_reporter_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(HasNewFatalFailureHelper);
-};
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-}  // namespace testing
-
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_TEST_PART_H_
-// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
-// All Rights Reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_TYPED_TEST_H_
-#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_TYPED_TEST_H_
-
-// This header implements typed tests and type-parameterized tests.
-
-// Typed (aka type-driven) tests repeat the same test for types in a
-// list.  You must know which types you want to test with when writing
-// typed tests. Here's how you do it:
-
-#if 0
-
-// First, define a fixture class template.  It should be parameterized
-// by a type.  Remember to derive it from testing::Test.
-template <typename T>
-class FooTest : public testing::Test {
- public:
-  ...
-  typedef std::list<T> List;
-  static T shared_;
-  T value_;
-};
-
-// Next, associate a list of types with the test case, which will be
-// repeated for each type in the list.  The typedef is necessary for
-// the macro to parse correctly.
-typedef testing::Types<char, int, unsigned int> MyTypes;
-TYPED_TEST_CASE(FooTest, MyTypes);
-
-// If the type list contains only one type, you can write that type
-// directly without Types<...>:
-//   TYPED_TEST_CASE(FooTest, int);
-
-// Then, use TYPED_TEST() instead of TEST_F() to define as many typed
-// tests for this test case as you want.
-TYPED_TEST(FooTest, DoesBlah) {
-  // Inside a test, refer to TypeParam to get the type parameter.
-  // Since we are inside a derived class template, C++ requires use to
-  // visit the members of FooTest via 'this'.
-  TypeParam n = this->value_;
-
-  // To visit static members of the fixture, add the TestFixture::
-  // prefix.
-  n += TestFixture::shared_;
-
-  // To refer to typedefs in the fixture, add the "typename
-  // TestFixture::" prefix.
-  typename TestFixture::List values;
-  values.push_back(n);
-  ...
-}
-
-TYPED_TEST(FooTest, HasPropertyA) { ... }
-
-#endif  // 0
-
-// Type-parameterized tests are abstract test patterns parameterized
-// by a type.  Compared with typed tests, type-parameterized tests
-// allow you to define the test pattern without knowing what the type
-// parameters are.  The defined pattern can be instantiated with
-// different types any number of times, in any number of translation
-// units.
-//
-// If you are designing an interface or concept, you can define a
-// suite of type-parameterized tests to verify properties that any
-// valid implementation of the interface/concept should have.  Then,
-// each implementation can easily instantiate the test suite to verify
-// that it conforms to the requirements, without having to write
-// similar tests repeatedly.  Here's an example:
-
-#if 0
-
-// First, define a fixture class template.  It should be parameterized
-// by a type.  Remember to derive it from testing::Test.
-template <typename T>
-class FooTest : public testing::Test {
-  ...
-};
-
-// Next, declare that you will define a type-parameterized test case
-// (the _P suffix is for "parameterized" or "pattern", whichever you
-// prefer):
-TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(FooTest);
-
-// Then, use TYPED_TEST_P() to define as many type-parameterized tests
-// for this type-parameterized test case as you want.
-TYPED_TEST_P(FooTest, DoesBlah) {
-  // Inside a test, refer to TypeParam to get the type parameter.
-  TypeParam n = 0;
-  ...
-}
-
-TYPED_TEST_P(FooTest, HasPropertyA) { ... }
-
-// Now the tricky part: you need to register all test patterns before
-// you can instantiate them.  The first argument of the macro is the
-// test case name; the rest are the names of the tests in this test
-// case.
-REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(FooTest,
-                           DoesBlah, HasPropertyA);
-
-// Finally, you are free to instantiate the pattern with the types you
-// want.  If you put the above code in a header file, you can #include
-// it in multiple C++ source files and instantiate it multiple times.
-//
-// To distinguish different instances of the pattern, the first
-// argument to the INSTANTIATE_* macro is a prefix that will be added
-// to the actual test case name.  Remember to pick unique prefixes for
-// different instances.
-typedef testing::Types<char, int, unsigned int> MyTypes;
-INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, FooTest, MyTypes);
-
-// If the type list contains only one type, you can write that type
-// directly without Types<...>:
-//   INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, FooTest, int);
-
-#endif  // 0
-
-
-// Implements typed tests.
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
-
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
-//
-// Expands to the name of the typedef for the type parameters of the
-// given test case.
-# define GTEST_TYPE_PARAMS_(TestCaseName) gtest_type_params_##TestCaseName##_
-
-// The 'Types' template argument below must have spaces around it
-// since some compilers may choke on '>>' when passing a template
-// instance (e.g. Types<int>)
-# define TYPED_TEST_CASE(CaseName, Types) \
-  typedef ::testing::internal::TypeList< Types >::type \
-      GTEST_TYPE_PARAMS_(CaseName)
-
-# define TYPED_TEST(CaseName, TestName) \
-  template <typename gtest_TypeParam_> \
-  class GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(CaseName, TestName) \
-      : public CaseName<gtest_TypeParam_> { \
-   private: \
-    typedef CaseName<gtest_TypeParam_> TestFixture; \
-    typedef gtest_TypeParam_ TypeParam; \
-    virtual void TestBody(); \
-  }; \
-  bool gtest_##CaseName##_##TestName##_registered_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
-      ::testing::internal::TypeParameterizedTest< \
-          CaseName, \
-          ::testing::internal::TemplateSel< \
-              GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(CaseName, TestName)>, \
-          GTEST_TYPE_PARAMS_(CaseName)>::Register(\
-              "", #CaseName, #TestName, 0); \
-  template <typename gtest_TypeParam_> \
-  void GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(CaseName, TestName)<gtest_TypeParam_>::TestBody()
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
-
-// Implements type-parameterized tests.
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
-
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
-//
-// Expands to the namespace name that the type-parameterized tests for
-// the given type-parameterized test case are defined in.  The exact
-// name of the namespace is subject to change without notice.
-# define GTEST_CASE_NAMESPACE_(TestCaseName) \
-  gtest_case_##TestCaseName##_
-
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
-//
-// Expands to the name of the variable used to remember the names of
-// the defined tests in the given test case.
-# define GTEST_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P_STATE_(TestCaseName) \
-  gtest_typed_test_case_p_state_##TestCaseName##_
-
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE DIRECTLY.
-//
-// Expands to the name of the variable used to remember the names of
-// the registered tests in the given test case.
-# define GTEST_REGISTERED_TEST_NAMES_(TestCaseName) \
-  gtest_registered_test_names_##TestCaseName##_
-
-// The variables defined in the type-parameterized test macros are
-// static as typically these macros are used in a .h file that can be
-// #included in multiple translation units linked together.
-# define TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(CaseName) \
-  static ::testing::internal::TypedTestCasePState \
-      GTEST_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P_STATE_(CaseName)
-
-# define TYPED_TEST_P(CaseName, TestName) \
-  namespace GTEST_CASE_NAMESPACE_(CaseName) { \
-  template <typename gtest_TypeParam_> \
-  class TestName : public CaseName<gtest_TypeParam_> { \
-   private: \
-    typedef CaseName<gtest_TypeParam_> TestFixture; \
-    typedef gtest_TypeParam_ TypeParam; \
-    virtual void TestBody(); \
-  }; \
-  static bool gtest_##TestName##_defined_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
-      GTEST_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P_STATE_(CaseName).AddTestName(\
-          __FILE__, __LINE__, #CaseName, #TestName); \
-  } \
-  template <typename gtest_TypeParam_> \
-  void GTEST_CASE_NAMESPACE_(CaseName)::TestName<gtest_TypeParam_>::TestBody()
-
-# define REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(CaseName, ...) \
-  namespace GTEST_CASE_NAMESPACE_(CaseName) { \
-  typedef ::testing::internal::Templates<__VA_ARGS__>::type gtest_AllTests_; \
-  } \
-  static const char* const GTEST_REGISTERED_TEST_NAMES_(CaseName) = \
-      GTEST_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P_STATE_(CaseName).VerifyRegisteredTestNames(\
-          __FILE__, __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__)
-
-// The 'Types' template argument below must have spaces around it
-// since some compilers may choke on '>>' when passing a template
-// instance (e.g. Types<int>)
-# define INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(Prefix, CaseName, Types) \
-  bool gtest_##Prefix##_##CaseName GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
-      ::testing::internal::TypeParameterizedTestCase<CaseName, \
-          GTEST_CASE_NAMESPACE_(CaseName)::gtest_AllTests_, \
-          ::testing::internal::TypeList< Types >::type>::Register(\
-              #Prefix, #CaseName, GTEST_REGISTERED_TEST_NAMES_(CaseName))
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
-
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_TYPED_TEST_H_
-
-// Depending on the platform, different string classes are available.
-// On Linux, in addition to ::std::string, Google also makes use of
-// class ::string, which has the same interface as ::std::string, but
-// has a different implementation.
-//
-// The user can define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING to 1 to indicate that
-// ::string is available AND is a distinct type to ::std::string, or
-// define it to 0 to indicate otherwise.
-//
-// If the user's ::std::string and ::string are the same class due to
-// aliasing, he should define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING to 0.
-//
-// If the user doesn't define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING, it is defined
-// heuristically.
-
-namespace testing {
-
-// Declares the flags.
-
-// This flag temporary enables the disabled tests.
-GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(also_run_disabled_tests);
-
-// This flag brings the debugger on an assertion failure.
-GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(break_on_failure);
-
-// This flag controls whether Google Test catches all test-thrown exceptions
-// and logs them as failures.
-GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(catch_exceptions);
-
-// This flag enables using colors in terminal output. Available values are
-// "yes" to enable colors, "no" (disable colors), or "auto" (the default)
-// to let Google Test decide.
-GTEST_DECLARE_string_(color);
-
-// This flag sets up the filter to select by name using a glob pattern
-// the tests to run. If the filter is not given all tests are executed.
-GTEST_DECLARE_string_(filter);
-
-// This flag causes the Google Test to list tests. None of the tests listed
-// are actually run if the flag is provided.
-GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(list_tests);
-
-// This flag controls whether Google Test emits a detailed XML report to a file
-// in addition to its normal textual output.
-GTEST_DECLARE_string_(output);
-
-// This flags control whether Google Test prints the elapsed time for each
-// test.
-GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(print_time);
-
-// This flag specifies the random number seed.
-GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(random_seed);
-
-// This flag sets how many times the tests are repeated. The default value
-// is 1. If the value is -1 the tests are repeating forever.
-GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(repeat);
-
-// This flag controls whether Google Test includes Google Test internal
-// stack frames in failure stack traces.
-GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(show_internal_stack_frames);
-
-// When this flag is specified, tests' order is randomized on every iteration.
-GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(shuffle);
-
-// This flag specifies the maximum number of stack frames to be
-// printed in a failure message.
-GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(stack_trace_depth);
-
-// When this flag is specified, a failed assertion will throw an
-// exception if exceptions are enabled, or exit the program with a
-// non-zero code otherwise.
-GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(throw_on_failure);
-
-// When this flag is set with a "host:port" string, on supported
-// platforms test results are streamed to the specified port on
-// the specified host machine.
-GTEST_DECLARE_string_(stream_result_to);
-
-// The upper limit for valid stack trace depths.
-const int kMaxStackTraceDepth = 100;
-
-namespace internal {
-
-class AssertHelper;
-class DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter;
-class ExecDeathTest;
-class NoExecDeathTest;
-class FinalSuccessChecker;
-class GTestFlagSaver;
-class StreamingListenerTest;
-class TestResultAccessor;
-class TestEventListenersAccessor;
-class TestEventRepeater;
-class UnitTestRecordPropertyTestHelper;
-class WindowsDeathTest;
-class UnitTestImpl* GetUnitTestImpl();
-void ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
-                                    const std::string& message);
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-// The friend relationship of some of these classes is cyclic.
-// If we don't forward declare them the compiler might confuse the classes
-// in friendship clauses with same named classes on the scope.
-class Test;
-class TestCase;
-class TestInfo;
-class UnitTest;
-
-// A class for indicating whether an assertion was successful.  When
-// the assertion wasn't successful, the AssertionResult object
-// remembers a non-empty message that describes how it failed.
-//
-// To create an instance of this class, use one of the factory functions
-// (AssertionSuccess() and AssertionFailure()).
-//
-// This class is useful for two purposes:
-//   1. Defining predicate functions to be used with Boolean test assertions
-//      EXPECT_TRUE/EXPECT_FALSE and their ASSERT_ counterparts
-//   2. Defining predicate-format functions to be
-//      used with predicate assertions (ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT*, etc).
-//
-// For example, if you define IsEven predicate:
-//
-//   testing::AssertionResult IsEven(int n) {
-//     if ((n % 2) == 0)
-//       return testing::AssertionSuccess();
-//     else
-//       return testing::AssertionFailure() << n << " is odd";
-//   }
-//
-// Then the failed expectation EXPECT_TRUE(IsEven(Fib(5)))
-// will print the message
-//
-//   Value of: IsEven(Fib(5))
-//     Actual: false (5 is odd)
-//   Expected: true
-//
-// instead of a more opaque
-//
-//   Value of: IsEven(Fib(5))
-//     Actual: false
-//   Expected: true
-//
-// in case IsEven is a simple Boolean predicate.
-//
-// If you expect your predicate to be reused and want to support informative
-// messages in EXPECT_FALSE and ASSERT_FALSE (negative assertions show up
-// about half as often as positive ones in our tests), supply messages for
-// both success and failure cases:
-//
-//   testing::AssertionResult IsEven(int n) {
-//     if ((n % 2) == 0)
-//       return testing::AssertionSuccess() << n << " is even";
-//     else
-//       return testing::AssertionFailure() << n << " is odd";
-//   }
-//
-// Then a statement EXPECT_FALSE(IsEven(Fib(6))) will print
-//
-//   Value of: IsEven(Fib(6))
-//     Actual: true (8 is even)
-//   Expected: false
-//
-// NB: Predicates that support negative Boolean assertions have reduced
-// performance in positive ones so be careful not to use them in tests
-// that have lots (tens of thousands) of positive Boolean assertions.
-//
-// To use this class with EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT assertions such as:
-//
-//   // Verifies that Foo() returns an even number.
-//   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(IsEven, Foo());
-//
-// you need to define:
-//
-//   testing::AssertionResult IsEven(const char* expr, int n) {
-//     if ((n % 2) == 0)
-//       return testing::AssertionSuccess();
-//     else
-//       return testing::AssertionFailure()
-//         << "Expected: " << expr << " is even\n  Actual: it's " << n;
-//   }
-//
-// If Foo() returns 5, you will see the following message:
-//
-//   Expected: Foo() is even
-//     Actual: it's 5
-//
-class GTEST_API_ AssertionResult {
- public:
-  // Copy constructor.
-  // Used in EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(assertion_result).
-  AssertionResult(const AssertionResult& other);
-  // Used in the EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(bool_expression).
-  explicit AssertionResult(bool success) : success_(success) {}
-
-  // Returns true iff the assertion succeeded.
-  operator bool() const { return success_; }  // NOLINT
-
-  // Returns the assertion's negation. Used with EXPECT/ASSERT_FALSE.
-  AssertionResult operator!() const;
-
-  // Returns the text streamed into this AssertionResult. Test assertions
-  // use it when they fail (i.e., the predicate's outcome doesn't match the
-  // assertion's expectation). When nothing has been streamed into the
-  // object, returns an empty string.
-  const char* message() const {
-    return message_.get() != NULL ?  message_->c_str() : "";
-  }
-  // TODO(vladl@google.com): Remove this after making sure no clients use it.
-  // Deprecated; please use message() instead.
-  const char* failure_message() const { return message(); }
-
-  // Streams a custom failure message into this object.
-  template <typename T> AssertionResult& operator<<(const T& value) {
-    AppendMessage(Message() << value);
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  // Allows streaming basic output manipulators such as endl or flush into
-  // this object.
-  AssertionResult& operator<<(
-      ::std::ostream& (*basic_manipulator)(::std::ostream& stream)) {
-    AppendMessage(Message() << basic_manipulator);
-    return *this;
-  }
-
- private:
-  // Appends the contents of message to message_.
-  void AppendMessage(const Message& a_message) {
-    if (message_.get() == NULL)
-      message_.reset(new ::std::string);
-    message_->append(a_message.GetString().c_str());
-  }
-
-  // Stores result of the assertion predicate.
-  bool success_;
-  // Stores the message describing the condition in case the expectation
-  // construct is not satisfied with the predicate's outcome.
-  // Referenced via a pointer to avoid taking too much stack frame space
-  // with test assertions.
-  internal::scoped_ptr< ::std::string> message_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(AssertionResult);
-};
-
-// Makes a successful assertion result.
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult AssertionSuccess();
-
-// Makes a failed assertion result.
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult AssertionFailure();
-
-// Makes a failed assertion result with the given failure message.
-// Deprecated; use AssertionFailure() << msg.
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult AssertionFailure(const Message& msg);
-
-// The abstract class that all tests inherit from.
-//
-// In Google Test, a unit test program contains one or many TestCases, and
-// each TestCase contains one or many Tests.
-//
-// When you define a test using the TEST macro, you don't need to
-// explicitly derive from Test - the TEST macro automatically does
-// this for you.
-//
-// The only time you derive from Test is when defining a test fixture
-// to be used a TEST_F.  For example:
-//
-//   class FooTest : public testing::Test {
-//    protected:
-//     virtual void SetUp() { ... }
-//     virtual void TearDown() { ... }
-//     ...
-//   };
-//
-//   TEST_F(FooTest, Bar) { ... }
-//   TEST_F(FooTest, Baz) { ... }
-//
-// Test is not copyable.
-class GTEST_API_ Test {
- public:
-  friend class TestInfo;
-
-  // Defines types for pointers to functions that set up and tear down
-  // a test case.
-  typedef internal::SetUpTestCaseFunc SetUpTestCaseFunc;
-  typedef internal::TearDownTestCaseFunc TearDownTestCaseFunc;
-
-  // The d'tor is virtual as we intend to inherit from Test.
-  virtual ~Test();
-
-  // Sets up the stuff shared by all tests in this test case.
-  //
-  // Google Test will call Foo::SetUpTestCase() before running the first
-  // test in test case Foo.  Hence a sub-class can define its own
-  // SetUpTestCase() method to shadow the one defined in the super
-  // class.
-  static void SetUpTestCase() {}
-
-  // Tears down the stuff shared by all tests in this test case.
-  //
-  // Google Test will call Foo::TearDownTestCase() after running the last
-  // test in test case Foo.  Hence a sub-class can define its own
-  // TearDownTestCase() method to shadow the one defined in the super
-  // class.
-  static void TearDownTestCase() {}
-
-  // Returns true iff the current test has a fatal failure.
-  static bool HasFatalFailure();
-
-  // Returns true iff the current test has a non-fatal failure.
-  static bool HasNonfatalFailure();
-
-  // Returns true iff the current test has a (either fatal or
-  // non-fatal) failure.
-  static bool HasFailure() { return HasFatalFailure() || HasNonfatalFailure(); }
-
-  // Logs a property for the current test, test case, or for the entire
-  // invocation of the test program when used outside of the context of a
-  // test case.  Only the last value for a given key is remembered.  These
-  // are public static so they can be called from utility functions that are
-  // not members of the test fixture.  Calls to RecordProperty made during
-  // lifespan of the test (from the moment its constructor starts to the
-  // moment its destructor finishes) will be output in XML as attributes of
-  // the <testcase> element.  Properties recorded from fixture's
-  // SetUpTestCase or TearDownTestCase are logged as attributes of the
-  // corresponding <testsuite> element.  Calls to RecordProperty made in the
-  // global context (before or after invocation of RUN_ALL_TESTS and from
-  // SetUp/TearDown method of Environment objects registered with Google
-  // Test) will be output as attributes of the <testsuites> element.
-  static void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value);
-  static void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, int value);
-
- protected:
-  // Creates a Test object.
-  Test();
-
-  // Sets up the test fixture.
-  virtual void SetUp();
-
-  // Tears down the test fixture.
-  virtual void TearDown();
-
- private:
-  // Returns true iff the current test has the same fixture class as
-  // the first test in the current test case.
-  static bool HasSameFixtureClass();
-
-  // Runs the test after the test fixture has been set up.
-  //
-  // A sub-class must implement this to define the test logic.
-  //
-  // DO NOT OVERRIDE THIS FUNCTION DIRECTLY IN A USER PROGRAM.
-  // Instead, use the TEST or TEST_F macro.
-  virtual void TestBody() = 0;
-
-  // Sets up, executes, and tears down the test.
-  void Run();
-
-  // Deletes self.  We deliberately pick an unusual name for this
-  // internal method to avoid clashing with names used in user TESTs.
-  void DeleteSelf_() { delete this; }
-
-  // Uses a GTestFlagSaver to save and restore all Google Test flags.
-  const internal::GTestFlagSaver* const gtest_flag_saver_;
-
-  // Often a user mis-spells SetUp() as Setup() and spends a long time
-  // wondering why it is never called by Google Test.  The declaration of
-  // the following method is solely for catching such an error at
-  // compile time:
-  //
-  //   - The return type is deliberately chosen to be not void, so it
-  //   will be a conflict if a user declares void Setup() in his test
-  //   fixture.
-  //
-  //   - This method is private, so it will be another compiler error
-  //   if a user calls it from his test fixture.
-  //
-  // DO NOT OVERRIDE THIS FUNCTION.
-  //
-  // If you see an error about overriding the following function or
-  // about it being private, you have mis-spelled SetUp() as Setup().
-  struct Setup_should_be_spelled_SetUp {};
-  virtual Setup_should_be_spelled_SetUp* Setup() { return NULL; }
-
-  // We disallow copying Tests.
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Test);
-};
-
-typedef internal::TimeInMillis TimeInMillis;
-
-// A copyable object representing a user specified test property which can be
-// output as a key/value string pair.
-//
-// Don't inherit from TestProperty as its destructor is not virtual.
-class TestProperty {
- public:
-  // C'tor.  TestProperty does NOT have a default constructor.
-  // Always use this constructor (with parameters) to create a
-  // TestProperty object.
-  TestProperty(const std::string& a_key, const std::string& a_value) :
-    key_(a_key), value_(a_value) {
-  }
-
-  // Gets the user supplied key.
-  const char* key() const {
-    return key_.c_str();
-  }
-
-  // Gets the user supplied value.
-  const char* value() const {
-    return value_.c_str();
-  }
-
-  // Sets a new value, overriding the one supplied in the constructor.
-  void SetValue(const std::string& new_value) {
-    value_ = new_value;
-  }
-
- private:
-  // The key supplied by the user.
-  std::string key_;
-  // The value supplied by the user.
-  std::string value_;
-};
-
-// The result of a single Test.  This includes a list of
-// TestPartResults, a list of TestProperties, a count of how many
-// death tests there are in the Test, and how much time it took to run
-// the Test.
-//
-// TestResult is not copyable.
-class GTEST_API_ TestResult {
- public:
-  // Creates an empty TestResult.
-  TestResult();
-
-  // D'tor.  Do not inherit from TestResult.
-  ~TestResult();
-
-  // Gets the number of all test parts.  This is the sum of the number
-  // of successful test parts and the number of failed test parts.
-  int total_part_count() const;
-
-  // Returns the number of the test properties.
-  int test_property_count() const;
-
-  // Returns true iff the test passed (i.e. no test part failed).
-  bool Passed() const { return !Failed(); }
-
-  // Returns true iff the test failed.
-  bool Failed() const;
-
-  // Returns true iff the test fatally failed.
-  bool HasFatalFailure() const;
-
-  // Returns true iff the test has a non-fatal failure.
-  bool HasNonfatalFailure() const;
-
-  // Returns the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
-  TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const { return elapsed_time_; }
-
-  // Returns the i-th test part result among all the results. i can range
-  // from 0 to test_property_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, aborts
-  // the program.
-  const TestPartResult& GetTestPartResult(int i) const;
-
-  // Returns the i-th test property. i can range from 0 to
-  // test_property_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, aborts the
-  // program.
-  const TestProperty& GetTestProperty(int i) const;
-
- private:
-  friend class TestInfo;
-  friend class TestCase;
-  friend class UnitTest;
-  friend class internal::DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter;
-  friend class internal::ExecDeathTest;
-  friend class internal::TestResultAccessor;
-  friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
-  friend class internal::WindowsDeathTest;
-
-  // Gets the vector of TestPartResults.
-  const std::vector<TestPartResult>& test_part_results() const {
-    return test_part_results_;
-  }
-
-  // Gets the vector of TestProperties.
-  const std::vector<TestProperty>& test_properties() const {
-    return test_properties_;
-  }
-
-  // Sets the elapsed time.
-  void set_elapsed_time(TimeInMillis elapsed) { elapsed_time_ = elapsed; }
-
-  // Adds a test property to the list. The property is validated and may add
-  // a non-fatal failure if invalid (e.g., if it conflicts with reserved
-  // key names). If a property is already recorded for the same key, the
-  // value will be updated, rather than storing multiple values for the same
-  // key.  xml_element specifies the element for which the property is being
-  // recorded and is used for validation.
-  void RecordProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
-                      const TestProperty& test_property);
-
-  // Adds a failure if the key is a reserved attribute of Google Test
-  // testcase tags.  Returns true if the property is valid.
-  // TODO(russr): Validate attribute names are legal and human readable.
-  static bool ValidateTestProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
-                                   const TestProperty& test_property);
-
-  // Adds a test part result to the list.
-  void AddTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result);
-
-  // Returns the death test count.
-  int death_test_count() const { return death_test_count_; }
-
-  // Increments the death test count, returning the new count.
-  int increment_death_test_count() { return ++death_test_count_; }
-
-  // Clears the test part results.
-  void ClearTestPartResults();
-
-  // Clears the object.
-  void Clear();
-
-  // Protects mutable state of the property vector and of owned
-  // properties, whose values may be updated.
-  internal::Mutex test_properites_mutex_;
-
-  // The vector of TestPartResults
-  std::vector<TestPartResult> test_part_results_;
-  // The vector of TestProperties
-  std::vector<TestProperty> test_properties_;
-  // Running count of death tests.
-  int death_test_count_;
-  // The elapsed time, in milliseconds.
-  TimeInMillis elapsed_time_;
-
-  // We disallow copying TestResult.
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestResult);
-};  // class TestResult
-
-// A TestInfo object stores the following information about a test:
-//
-//   Test case name
-//   Test name
-//   Whether the test should be run
-//   A function pointer that creates the test object when invoked
-//   Test result
-//
-// The constructor of TestInfo registers itself with the UnitTest
-// singleton such that the RUN_ALL_TESTS() macro knows which tests to
-// run.
-class GTEST_API_ TestInfo {
- public:
-  // Destructs a TestInfo object.  This function is not virtual, so
-  // don't inherit from TestInfo.
-  ~TestInfo();
-
-  // Returns the test case name.
-  const char* test_case_name() const { return test_case_name_.c_str(); }
-
-  // Returns the test name.
-  const char* name() const { return name_.c_str(); }
-
-  // Returns the name of the parameter type, or NULL if this is not a typed
-  // or a type-parameterized test.
-  const char* type_param() const {
-    if (type_param_.get() != NULL)
-      return type_param_->c_str();
-    return NULL;
-  }
-
-  // Returns the text representation of the value parameter, or NULL if this
-  // is not a value-parameterized test.
-  const char* value_param() const {
-    if (value_param_.get() != NULL)
-      return value_param_->c_str();
-    return NULL;
-  }
-
-  // Returns true if this test should run, that is if the test is not
-  // disabled (or it is disabled but the also_run_disabled_tests flag has
-  // been specified) and its full name matches the user-specified filter.
-  //
-  // Google Test allows the user to filter the tests by their full names.
-  // The full name of a test Bar in test case Foo is defined as
-  // "Foo.Bar".  Only the tests that match the filter will run.
-  //
-  // A filter is a colon-separated list of glob (not regex) patterns,
-  // optionally followed by a '-' and a colon-separated list of
-  // negative patterns (tests to exclude).  A test is run if it
-  // matches one of the positive patterns and does not match any of
-  // the negative patterns.
-  //
-  // For example, *A*:Foo.* is a filter that matches any string that
-  // contains the character 'A' or starts with "Foo.".
-  bool should_run() const { return should_run_; }
-
-  // Returns true iff this test will appear in the XML report.
-  bool is_reportable() const {
-    // For now, the XML report includes all tests matching the filter.
-    // In the future, we may trim tests that are excluded because of
-    // sharding.
-    return matches_filter_;
-  }
-
-  // Returns the result of the test.
-  const TestResult* result() const { return &result_; }
-
- private:
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-  friend class internal::DefaultDeathTestFactory;
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-  friend class Test;
-  friend class TestCase;
-  friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
-  friend class internal::StreamingListenerTest;
-  friend TestInfo* internal::MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-      const char* test_case_name,
-      const char* name,
-      const char* type_param,
-      const char* value_param,
-      internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
-      Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
-      Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc,
-      internal::TestFactoryBase* factory);
-
-  // Constructs a TestInfo object. The newly constructed instance assumes
-  // ownership of the factory object.
-  TestInfo(const std::string& test_case_name,
-           const std::string& name,
-           const char* a_type_param,   // NULL if not a type-parameterized test
-           const char* a_value_param,  // NULL if not a value-parameterized test
-           internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
-           internal::TestFactoryBase* factory);
-
-  // Increments the number of death tests encountered in this test so
-  // far.
-  int increment_death_test_count() {
-    return result_.increment_death_test_count();
-  }
-
-  // Creates the test object, runs it, records its result, and then
-  // deletes it.
-  void Run();
-
-  static void ClearTestResult(TestInfo* test_info) {
-    test_info->result_.Clear();
-  }
-
-  // These fields are immutable properties of the test.
-  const std::string test_case_name_;     // Test case name
-  const std::string name_;               // Test name
-  // Name of the parameter type, or NULL if this is not a typed or a
-  // type-parameterized test.
-  const internal::scoped_ptr<const ::std::string> type_param_;
-  // Text representation of the value parameter, or NULL if this is not a
-  // value-parameterized test.
-  const internal::scoped_ptr<const ::std::string> value_param_;
-  const internal::TypeId fixture_class_id_;   // ID of the test fixture class
-  bool should_run_;                 // True iff this test should run
-  bool is_disabled_;                // True iff this test is disabled
-  bool matches_filter_;             // True if this test matches the
-                                    // user-specified filter.
-  internal::TestFactoryBase* const factory_;  // The factory that creates
-                                              // the test object
-
-  // This field is mutable and needs to be reset before running the
-  // test for the second time.
-  TestResult result_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestInfo);
-};
-
-// A test case, which consists of a vector of TestInfos.
-//
-// TestCase is not copyable.
-class GTEST_API_ TestCase {
- public:
-  // Creates a TestCase with the given name.
-  //
-  // TestCase does NOT have a default constructor.  Always use this
-  // constructor to create a TestCase object.
-  //
-  // Arguments:
-  //
-  //   name:         name of the test case
-  //   a_type_param: the name of the test's type parameter, or NULL if
-  //                 this is not a type-parameterized test.
-  //   set_up_tc:    pointer to the function that sets up the test case
-  //   tear_down_tc: pointer to the function that tears down the test case
-  TestCase(const char* name, const char* a_type_param,
-           Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
-           Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc);
-
-  // Destructor of TestCase.
-  virtual ~TestCase();
-
-  // Gets the name of the TestCase.
-  const char* name() const { return name_.c_str(); }
-
-  // Returns the name of the parameter type, or NULL if this is not a
-  // type-parameterized test case.
-  const char* type_param() const {
-    if (type_param_.get() != NULL)
-      return type_param_->c_str();
-    return NULL;
-  }
-
-  // Returns true if any test in this test case should run.
-  bool should_run() const { return should_run_; }
-
-  // Gets the number of successful tests in this test case.
-  int successful_test_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of failed tests in this test case.
-  int failed_test_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
-  int reportable_disabled_test_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of disabled tests in this test case.
-  int disabled_test_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
-  int reportable_test_count() const;
-
-  // Get the number of tests in this test case that should run.
-  int test_to_run_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of all tests in this test case.
-  int total_test_count() const;
-
-  // Returns true iff the test case passed.
-  bool Passed() const { return !Failed(); }
-
-  // Returns true iff the test case failed.
-  bool Failed() const { return failed_test_count() > 0; }
-
-  // Returns the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
-  TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const { return elapsed_time_; }
-
-  // Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
-  // total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
-  const TestInfo* GetTestInfo(int i) const;
-
-  // Returns the TestResult that holds test properties recorded during
-  // execution of SetUpTestCase and TearDownTestCase.
-  const TestResult& ad_hoc_test_result() const { return ad_hoc_test_result_; }
-
- private:
-  friend class Test;
-  friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
-
-  // Gets the (mutable) vector of TestInfos in this TestCase.
-  std::vector<TestInfo*>& test_info_list() { return test_info_list_; }
-
-  // Gets the (immutable) vector of TestInfos in this TestCase.
-  const std::vector<TestInfo*>& test_info_list() const {
-    return test_info_list_;
-  }
-
-  // Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
-  // total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
-  TestInfo* GetMutableTestInfo(int i);
-
-  // Sets the should_run member.
-  void set_should_run(bool should) { should_run_ = should; }
-
-  // Adds a TestInfo to this test case.  Will delete the TestInfo upon
-  // destruction of the TestCase object.
-  void AddTestInfo(TestInfo * test_info);
-
-  // Clears the results of all tests in this test case.
-  void ClearResult();
-
-  // Clears the results of all tests in the given test case.
-  static void ClearTestCaseResult(TestCase* test_case) {
-    test_case->ClearResult();
-  }
-
-  // Runs every test in this TestCase.
-  void Run();
-
-  // Runs SetUpTestCase() for this TestCase.  This wrapper is needed
-  // for catching exceptions thrown from SetUpTestCase().
-  void RunSetUpTestCase() { (*set_up_tc_)(); }
-
-  // Runs TearDownTestCase() for this TestCase.  This wrapper is
-  // needed for catching exceptions thrown from TearDownTestCase().
-  void RunTearDownTestCase() { (*tear_down_tc_)(); }
-
-  // Returns true iff test passed.
-  static bool TestPassed(const TestInfo* test_info) {
-    return test_info->should_run() && test_info->result()->Passed();
-  }
-
-  // Returns true iff test failed.
-  static bool TestFailed(const TestInfo* test_info) {
-    return test_info->should_run() && test_info->result()->Failed();
-  }
-
-  // Returns true iff the test is disabled and will be reported in the XML
-  // report.
-  static bool TestReportableDisabled(const TestInfo* test_info) {
-    return test_info->is_reportable() && test_info->is_disabled_;
-  }
-
-  // Returns true iff test is disabled.
-  static bool TestDisabled(const TestInfo* test_info) {
-    return test_info->is_disabled_;
-  }
-
-  // Returns true iff this test will appear in the XML report.
-  static bool TestReportable(const TestInfo* test_info) {
-    return test_info->is_reportable();
-  }
-
-  // Returns true if the given test should run.
-  static bool ShouldRunTest(const TestInfo* test_info) {
-    return test_info->should_run();
-  }
-
-  // Shuffles the tests in this test case.
-  void ShuffleTests(internal::Random* random);
-
-  // Restores the test order to before the first shuffle.
-  void UnshuffleTests();
-
-  // Name of the test case.
-  std::string name_;
-  // Name of the parameter type, or NULL if this is not a typed or a
-  // type-parameterized test.
-  const internal::scoped_ptr<const ::std::string> type_param_;
-  // The vector of TestInfos in their original order.  It owns the
-  // elements in the vector.
-  std::vector<TestInfo*> test_info_list_;
-  // Provides a level of indirection for the test list to allow easy
-  // shuffling and restoring the test order.  The i-th element in this
-  // vector is the index of the i-th test in the shuffled test list.
-  std::vector<int> test_indices_;
-  // Pointer to the function that sets up the test case.
-  Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc_;
-  // Pointer to the function that tears down the test case.
-  Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc_;
-  // True iff any test in this test case should run.
-  bool should_run_;
-  // Elapsed time, in milliseconds.
-  TimeInMillis elapsed_time_;
-  // Holds test properties recorded during execution of SetUpTestCase and
-  // TearDownTestCase.
-  TestResult ad_hoc_test_result_;
-
-  // We disallow copying TestCases.
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestCase);
-};
-
-// An Environment object is capable of setting up and tearing down an
-// environment.  The user should subclass this to define his own
-// environment(s).
-//
-// An Environment object does the set-up and tear-down in virtual
-// methods SetUp() and TearDown() instead of the constructor and the
-// destructor, as:
-//
-//   1. You cannot safely throw from a destructor.  This is a problem
-//      as in some cases Google Test is used where exceptions are enabled, and
-//      we may want to implement ASSERT_* using exceptions where they are
-//      available.
-//   2. You cannot use ASSERT_* directly in a constructor or
-//      destructor.
-class Environment {
- public:
-  // The d'tor is virtual as we need to subclass Environment.
-  virtual ~Environment() {}
-
-  // Override this to define how to set up the environment.
-  virtual void SetUp() {}
-
-  // Override this to define how to tear down the environment.
-  virtual void TearDown() {}
- private:
-  // If you see an error about overriding the following function or
-  // about it being private, you have mis-spelled SetUp() as Setup().
-  struct Setup_should_be_spelled_SetUp {};
-  virtual Setup_should_be_spelled_SetUp* Setup() { return NULL; }
-};
-
-// The interface for tracing execution of tests. The methods are organized in
-// the order the corresponding events are fired.
-class TestEventListener {
- public:
-  virtual ~TestEventListener() {}
-
-  // Fired before any test activity starts.
-  virtual void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& unit_test) = 0;
-
-  // Fired before each iteration of tests starts.  There may be more than
-  // one iteration if GTEST_FLAG(repeat) is set. iteration is the iteration
-  // index, starting from 0.
-  virtual void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& unit_test,
-                                    int iteration) = 0;
-
-  // Fired before environment set-up for each iteration of tests starts.
-  virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(const UnitTest& unit_test) = 0;
-
-  // Fired after environment set-up for each iteration of tests ends.
-  virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) = 0;
-
-  // Fired before the test case starts.
-  virtual void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case) = 0;
-
-  // Fired before the test starts.
-  virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) = 0;
-
-  // Fired after a failed assertion or a SUCCEED() invocation.
-  virtual void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) = 0;
-
-  // Fired after the test ends.
-  virtual void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) = 0;
-
-  // Fired after the test case ends.
-  virtual void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case) = 0;
-
-  // Fired before environment tear-down for each iteration of tests starts.
-  virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(const UnitTest& unit_test) = 0;
-
-  // Fired after environment tear-down for each iteration of tests ends.
-  virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) = 0;
-
-  // Fired after each iteration of tests finishes.
-  virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
-                                  int iteration) = 0;
-
-  // Fired after all test activities have ended.
-  virtual void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) = 0;
-};
-
-// The convenience class for users who need to override just one or two
-// methods and are not concerned that a possible change to a signature of
-// the methods they override will not be caught during the build.  For
-// comments about each method please see the definition of TestEventListener
-// above.
-class EmptyTestEventListener : public TestEventListener {
- public:
-  virtual void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
-  virtual void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/,
-                                    int /*iteration*/) {}
-  virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
-  virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
-  virtual void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& /*test_case*/) {}
-  virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& /*test_info*/) {}
-  virtual void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& /*test_part_result*/) {}
-  virtual void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& /*test_info*/) {}
-  virtual void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& /*test_case*/) {}
-  virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
-  virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
-  virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/,
-                                  int /*iteration*/) {}
-  virtual void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
-};
-
-// TestEventListeners lets users add listeners to track events in Google Test.
-class GTEST_API_ TestEventListeners {
- public:
-  TestEventListeners();
-  ~TestEventListeners();
-
-  // Appends an event listener to the end of the list. Google Test assumes
-  // the ownership of the listener (i.e. it will delete the listener when
-  // the test program finishes).
-  void Append(TestEventListener* listener);
-
-  // Removes the given event listener from the list and returns it.  It then
-  // becomes the caller's responsibility to delete the listener. Returns
-  // NULL if the listener is not found in the list.
-  TestEventListener* Release(TestEventListener* listener);
-
-  // Returns the standard listener responsible for the default console
-  // output.  Can be removed from the listeners list to shut down default
-  // console output.  Note that removing this object from the listener list
-  // with Release transfers its ownership to the caller and makes this
-  // function return NULL the next time.
-  TestEventListener* default_result_printer() const {
-    return default_result_printer_;
-  }
-
-  // Returns the standard listener responsible for the default XML output
-  // controlled by the --gtest_output=xml flag.  Can be removed from the
-  // listeners list by users who want to shut down the default XML output
-  // controlled by this flag and substitute it with custom one.  Note that
-  // removing this object from the listener list with Release transfers its
-  // ownership to the caller and makes this function return NULL the next
-  // time.
-  TestEventListener* default_xml_generator() const {
-    return default_xml_generator_;
-  }
-
- private:
-  friend class TestCase;
-  friend class TestInfo;
-  friend class internal::DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter;
-  friend class internal::NoExecDeathTest;
-  friend class internal::TestEventListenersAccessor;
-  friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
-
-  // Returns repeater that broadcasts the TestEventListener events to all
-  // subscribers.
-  TestEventListener* repeater();
-
-  // Sets the default_result_printer attribute to the provided listener.
-  // The listener is also added to the listener list and previous
-  // default_result_printer is removed from it and deleted. The listener can
-  // also be NULL in which case it will not be added to the list. Does
-  // nothing if the previous and the current listener objects are the same.
-  void SetDefaultResultPrinter(TestEventListener* listener);
-
-  // Sets the default_xml_generator attribute to the provided listener.  The
-  // listener is also added to the listener list and previous
-  // default_xml_generator is removed from it and deleted. The listener can
-  // also be NULL in which case it will not be added to the list. Does
-  // nothing if the previous and the current listener objects are the same.
-  void SetDefaultXmlGenerator(TestEventListener* listener);
-
-  // Controls whether events will be forwarded by the repeater to the
-  // listeners in the list.
-  bool EventForwardingEnabled() const;
-  void SuppressEventForwarding();
-
-  // The actual list of listeners.
-  internal::TestEventRepeater* repeater_;
-  // Listener responsible for the standard result output.
-  TestEventListener* default_result_printer_;
-  // Listener responsible for the creation of the XML output file.
-  TestEventListener* default_xml_generator_;
-
-  // We disallow copying TestEventListeners.
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestEventListeners);
-};
-
-// A UnitTest consists of a vector of TestCases.
-//
-// This is a singleton class.  The only instance of UnitTest is
-// created when UnitTest::GetInstance() is first called.  This
-// instance is never deleted.
-//
-// UnitTest is not copyable.
-//
-// This class is thread-safe as long as the methods are called
-// according to their specification.
-class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
- public:
-  // Gets the singleton UnitTest object.  The first time this method
-  // is called, a UnitTest object is constructed and returned.
-  // Consecutive calls will return the same object.
-  static UnitTest* GetInstance();
-
-  // Runs all tests in this UnitTest object and prints the result.
-  // Returns 0 if successful, or 1 otherwise.
-  //
-  // This method can only be called from the main thread.
-  //
-  // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-  int Run() GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_;
-
-  // Returns the working directory when the first TEST() or TEST_F()
-  // was executed.  The UnitTest object owns the string.
-  const char* original_working_dir() const;
-
-  // Returns the TestCase object for the test that's currently running,
-  // or NULL if no test is running.
-  const TestCase* current_test_case() const
-      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
-
-  // Returns the TestInfo object for the test that's currently running,
-  // or NULL if no test is running.
-  const TestInfo* current_test_info() const
-      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
-
-  // Returns the random seed used at the start of the current test run.
-  int random_seed() const;
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-  // Returns the ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry object used to keep track of
-  // value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
-  //
-  // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-  internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry& parameterized_test_registry()
-      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
-  // Gets the number of successful test cases.
-  int successful_test_case_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of failed test cases.
-  int failed_test_case_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of all test cases.
-  int total_test_case_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of all test cases that contain at least one test
-  // that should run.
-  int test_case_to_run_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of successful tests.
-  int successful_test_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of failed tests.
-  int failed_test_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
-  int reportable_disabled_test_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of disabled tests.
-  int disabled_test_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
-  int reportable_test_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of all tests.
-  int total_test_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the number of tests that should run.
-  int test_to_run_count() const;
-
-  // Gets the time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
-  // UNIX epoch.
-  TimeInMillis start_timestamp() const;
-
-  // Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
-  TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const;
-
-  // Returns true iff the unit test passed (i.e. all test cases passed).
-  bool Passed() const;
-
-  // Returns true iff the unit test failed (i.e. some test case failed
-  // or something outside of all tests failed).
-  bool Failed() const;
-
-  // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
-  // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
-  const TestCase* GetTestCase(int i) const;
-
-  // Returns the TestResult containing information on test failures and
-  // properties logged outside of individual test cases.
-  const TestResult& ad_hoc_test_result() const;
-
-  // Returns the list of event listeners that can be used to track events
-  // inside Google Test.
-  TestEventListeners& listeners();
-
- private:
-  // Registers and returns a global test environment.  When a test
-  // program is run, all global test environments will be set-up in
-  // the order they were registered.  After all tests in the program
-  // have finished, all global test environments will be torn-down in
-  // the *reverse* order they were registered.
-  //
-  // The UnitTest object takes ownership of the given environment.
-  //
-  // This method can only be called from the main thread.
-  Environment* AddEnvironment(Environment* env);
-
-  // Adds a TestPartResult to the current TestResult object.  All
-  // Google Test assertion macros (e.g. ASSERT_TRUE, EXPECT_EQ, etc)
-  // eventually call this to report their results.  The user code
-  // should use the assertion macros instead of calling this directly.
-  void AddTestPartResult(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
-                         const char* file_name,
-                         int line_number,
-                         const std::string& message,
-                         const std::string& os_stack_trace)
-      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
-
-  // Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked from
-  // inside a test, to current TestCase's ad_hoc_test_result_ when invoked
-  // from SetUpTestCase or TearDownTestCase, or to the global property set
-  // when invoked elsewhere.  If the result already contains a property with
-  // the same key, the value will be updated.
-  void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value);
-
-  // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
-  // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
-  TestCase* GetMutableTestCase(int i);
-
-  // Accessors for the implementation object.
-  internal::UnitTestImpl* impl() { return impl_; }
-  const internal::UnitTestImpl* impl() const { return impl_; }
-
-  // These classes and funcions are friends as they need to access private
-  // members of UnitTest.
-  friend class Test;
-  friend class internal::AssertHelper;
-  friend class internal::ScopedTrace;
-  friend class internal::StreamingListenerTest;
-  friend class internal::UnitTestRecordPropertyTestHelper;
-  friend Environment* AddGlobalTestEnvironment(Environment* env);
-  friend internal::UnitTestImpl* internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
-  friend void internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
-      TestPartResult::Type result_type,
-      const std::string& message);
-
-  // Creates an empty UnitTest.
-  UnitTest();
-
-  // D'tor
-  virtual ~UnitTest();
-
-  // Pushes a trace defined by SCOPED_TRACE() on to the per-thread
-  // Google Test trace stack.
-  void PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo& trace)
-      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
-
-  // Pops a trace from the per-thread Google Test trace stack.
-  void PopGTestTrace()
-      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
-
-  // Protects mutable state in *impl_.  This is mutable as some const
-  // methods need to lock it too.
-  mutable internal::Mutex mutex_;
-
-  // Opaque implementation object.  This field is never changed once
-  // the object is constructed.  We don't mark it as const here, as
-  // doing so will cause a warning in the constructor of UnitTest.
-  // Mutable state in *impl_ is protected by mutex_.
-  internal::UnitTestImpl* impl_;
-
-  // We disallow copying UnitTest.
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(UnitTest);
-};
-
-// A convenient wrapper for adding an environment for the test
-// program.
-//
-// You should call this before RUN_ALL_TESTS() is called, probably in
-// main().  If you use gtest_main, you need to call this before main()
-// starts for it to take effect.  For example, you can define a global
-// variable like this:
-//
-//   testing::Environment* const foo_env =
-//       testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new FooEnvironment);
-//
-// However, we strongly recommend you to write your own main() and
-// call AddGlobalTestEnvironment() there, as relying on initialization
-// of global variables makes the code harder to read and may cause
-// problems when you register multiple environments from different
-// translation units and the environments have dependencies among them
-// (remember that the compiler doesn't guarantee the order in which
-// global variables from different translation units are initialized).
-inline Environment* AddGlobalTestEnvironment(Environment* env) {
-  return UnitTest::GetInstance()->AddEnvironment(env);
-}
-
-// Initializes Google Test.  This must be called before calling
-// RUN_ALL_TESTS().  In particular, it parses a command line for the
-// flags that Google Test recognizes.  Whenever a Google Test flag is
-// seen, it is removed from argv, and *argc is decremented.
-//
-// No value is returned.  Instead, the Google Test flag variables are
-// updated.
-//
-// Calling the function for the second time has no user-visible effect.
-GTEST_API_ void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, char** argv);
-
-// This overloaded version can be used in Windows programs compiled in
-// UNICODE mode.
-GTEST_API_ void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, wchar_t** argv);
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// FormatForComparison<ToPrint, OtherOperand>::Format(value) formats a
-// value of type ToPrint that is an operand of a comparison assertion
-// (e.g. ASSERT_EQ).  OtherOperand is the type of the other operand in
-// the comparison, and is used to help determine the best way to
-// format the value.  In particular, when the value is a C string
-// (char pointer) and the other operand is an STL string object, we
-// want to format the C string as a string, since we know it is
-// compared by value with the string object.  If the value is a char
-// pointer but the other operand is not an STL string object, we don't
-// know whether the pointer is supposed to point to a NUL-terminated
-// string, and thus want to print it as a pointer to be safe.
-//
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-
-// The default case.
-template <typename ToPrint, typename OtherOperand>
-class FormatForComparison {
- public:
-  static ::std::string Format(const ToPrint& value) {
-    return ::testing::PrintToString(value);
-  }
-};
-
-// Array.
-template <typename ToPrint, size_t N, typename OtherOperand>
-class FormatForComparison<ToPrint[N], OtherOperand> {
- public:
-  static ::std::string Format(const ToPrint* value) {
-    return FormatForComparison<const ToPrint*, OtherOperand>::Format(value);
-  }
-};
-
-// By default, print C string as pointers to be safe, as we don't know
-// whether they actually point to a NUL-terminated string.
-
-#define GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(CharType)                \
-  template <typename OtherOperand>                                      \
-  class FormatForComparison<CharType*, OtherOperand> {                  \
-   public:                                                              \
-    static ::std::string Format(CharType* value) {                      \
-      return ::testing::PrintToString(static_cast<const void*>(value)); \
-    }                                                                   \
-  }
-
-GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(char);
-GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(const char);
-GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(wchar_t);
-GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(const wchar_t);
-
-#undef GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_
-
-// If a C string is compared with an STL string object, we know it's meant
-// to point to a NUL-terminated string, and thus can print it as a string.
-
-#define GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(CharType, OtherStringType) \
-  template <>                                                           \
-  class FormatForComparison<CharType*, OtherStringType> {               \
-   public:                                                              \
-    static ::std::string Format(CharType* value) {                      \
-      return ::testing::PrintToString(value);                           \
-    }                                                                   \
-  }
-
-GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(char, ::std::string);
-GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(const char, ::std::string);
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(char, ::string);
-GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(const char, ::string);
-#endif
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(wchar_t, ::wstring);
-GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(const wchar_t, ::wstring);
-#endif
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(wchar_t, ::std::wstring);
-GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(const wchar_t, ::std::wstring);
-#endif
-
-#undef GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_
-
-// Formats a comparison assertion (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_LT, and etc)
-// operand to be used in a failure message.  The type (but not value)
-// of the other operand may affect the format.  This allows us to
-// print a char* as a raw pointer when it is compared against another
-// char* or void*, and print it as a C string when it is compared
-// against an std::string object, for example.
-//
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-template <typename T1, typename T2>
-std::string FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(
-    const T1& value, const T2& /* other_operand */) {
-  return FormatForComparison<T1, T2>::Format(value);
-}
-
-// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ.
-template <typename T1, typename T2>
-AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* expected_expression,
-                            const char* actual_expression,
-                            const T1& expected,
-                            const T2& actual) {
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4389)  // Temporarily disables warning on
-                                // signed/unsigned mismatch.
-#endif
-
-  if (expected == actual) {
-    return AssertionSuccess();
-  }
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(pop)          // Restores the warning state.
-#endif
-
-  return EqFailure(expected_expression,
-                   actual_expression,
-                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(expected, actual),
-                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(actual, expected),
-                   false);
-}
-
-// With this overloaded version, we allow anonymous enums to be used
-// in {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ when compiled with gcc 4, as anonymous enums
-// can be implicitly cast to BiggestInt.
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* expected_expression,
-                                       const char* actual_expression,
-                                       BiggestInt expected,
-                                       BiggestInt actual);
-
-// The helper class for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ.  The template argument
-// lhs_is_null_literal is true iff the first argument to ASSERT_EQ()
-// is a null pointer literal.  The following default implementation is
-// for lhs_is_null_literal being false.
-template <bool lhs_is_null_literal>
-class EqHelper {
- public:
-  // This templatized version is for the general case.
-  template <typename T1, typename T2>
-  static AssertionResult Compare(const char* expected_expression,
-                                 const char* actual_expression,
-                                 const T1& expected,
-                                 const T2& actual) {
-    return CmpHelperEQ(expected_expression, actual_expression, expected,
-                       actual);
-  }
-
-  // With this overloaded version, we allow anonymous enums to be used
-  // in {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ when compiled with gcc 4, as anonymous
-  // enums can be implicitly cast to BiggestInt.
-  //
-  // Even though its body looks the same as the above version, we
-  // cannot merge the two, as it will make anonymous enums unhappy.
-  static AssertionResult Compare(const char* expected_expression,
-                                 const char* actual_expression,
-                                 BiggestInt expected,
-                                 BiggestInt actual) {
-    return CmpHelperEQ(expected_expression, actual_expression, expected,
-                       actual);
-  }
-};
-
-// This specialization is used when the first argument to ASSERT_EQ()
-// is a null pointer literal, like NULL, false, or 0.
-template <>
-class EqHelper<true> {
- public:
-  // We define two overloaded versions of Compare().  The first
-  // version will be picked when the second argument to ASSERT_EQ() is
-  // NOT a pointer, e.g. ASSERT_EQ(0, AnIntFunction()) or
-  // EXPECT_EQ(false, a_bool).
-  template <typename T1, typename T2>
-  static AssertionResult Compare(
-      const char* expected_expression,
-      const char* actual_expression,
-      const T1& expected,
-      const T2& actual,
-      // The following line prevents this overload from being considered if T2
-      // is not a pointer type.  We need this because ASSERT_EQ(NULL, my_ptr)
-      // expands to Compare("", "", NULL, my_ptr), which requires a conversion
-      // to match the Secret* in the other overload, which would otherwise make
-      // this template match better.
-      typename EnableIf<!is_pointer<T2>::value>::type* = 0) {
-    return CmpHelperEQ(expected_expression, actual_expression, expected,
-                       actual);
-  }
-
-  // This version will be picked when the second argument to ASSERT_EQ() is a
-  // pointer, e.g. ASSERT_EQ(NULL, a_pointer).
-  template <typename T>
-  static AssertionResult Compare(
-      const char* expected_expression,
-      const char* actual_expression,
-      // We used to have a second template parameter instead of Secret*.  That
-      // template parameter would deduce to 'long', making this a better match
-      // than the first overload even without the first overload's EnableIf.
-      // Unfortunately, gcc with -Wconversion-null warns when "passing NULL to
-      // non-pointer argument" (even a deduced integral argument), so the old
-      // implementation caused warnings in user code.
-      Secret* /* expected (NULL) */,
-      T* actual) {
-    // We already know that 'expected' is a null pointer.
-    return CmpHelperEQ(expected_expression, actual_expression,
-                       static_cast<T*>(NULL), actual);
-  }
-};
-
-// A macro for implementing the helper functions needed to implement
-// ASSERT_?? and EXPECT_??.  It is here just to avoid copy-and-paste
-// of similar code.
-//
-// For each templatized helper function, we also define an overloaded
-// version for BiggestInt in order to reduce code bloat and allow
-// anonymous enums to be used with {ASSERT|EXPECT}_?? when compiled
-// with gcc 4.
-//
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-#define GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(op_name, op)\
-template <typename T1, typename T2>\
-AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(const char* expr1, const char* expr2, \
-                                   const T1& val1, const T2& val2) {\
-  if (val1 op val2) {\
-    return AssertionSuccess();\
-  } else {\
-    return AssertionFailure() \
-        << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") " #op " (" << expr2\
-        << "), actual: " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val1, val2)\
-        << " vs " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val2, val1);\
-  }\
-}\
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(\
-    const char* expr1, const char* expr2, BiggestInt val1, BiggestInt val2)
-
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-
-// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NE
-GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(NE, !=);
-// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LE
-GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LE, <=);
-// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LT
-GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LT, <);
-// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GE
-GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GE, >=);
-// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT
-GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GT, >);
-
-#undef GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_
-
-// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STREQ.
-//
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* expected_expression,
-                                          const char* actual_expression,
-                                          const char* expected,
-                                          const char* actual);
-
-// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASEEQ.
-//
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ(const char* expected_expression,
-                                              const char* actual_expression,
-                                              const char* expected,
-                                              const char* actual);
-
-// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRNE.
-//
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
-                                          const char* s2_expression,
-                                          const char* s1,
-                                          const char* s2);
-
-// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASENE.
-//
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASENE(const char* s1_expression,
-                                              const char* s2_expression,
-                                              const char* s1,
-                                              const char* s2);
-
-
-// Helper function for *_STREQ on wide strings.
-//
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* expected_expression,
-                                          const char* actual_expression,
-                                          const wchar_t* expected,
-                                          const wchar_t* actual);
-
-// Helper function for *_STRNE on wide strings.
-//
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
-                                          const char* s2_expression,
-                                          const wchar_t* s1,
-                                          const wchar_t* s2);
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-// IsSubstring() and IsNotSubstring() are intended to be used as the
-// first argument to {EXPECT,ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT2(), not by
-// themselves.  They check whether needle is a substring of haystack
-// (NULL is considered a substring of itself only), and return an
-// appropriate error message when they fail.
-//
-// The {needle,haystack}_expr arguments are the stringified
-// expressions that generated the two real arguments.
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsSubstring(
-    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
-    const char* needle, const char* haystack);
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsSubstring(
-    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
-    const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack);
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
-    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
-    const char* needle, const char* haystack);
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
-    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
-    const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack);
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsSubstring(
-    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
-    const ::std::string& needle, const ::std::string& haystack);
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
-    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
-    const ::std::string& needle, const ::std::string& haystack);
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsSubstring(
-    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
-    const ::std::wstring& needle, const ::std::wstring& haystack);
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
-    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
-    const ::std::wstring& needle, const ::std::wstring& haystack);
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// Helper template function for comparing floating-points.
-//
-// Template parameter:
-//
-//   RawType: the raw floating-point type (either float or double)
-//
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-template <typename RawType>
-AssertionResult CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ(const char* expected_expression,
-                                         const char* actual_expression,
-                                         RawType expected,
-                                         RawType actual) {
-  const FloatingPoint<RawType> lhs(expected), rhs(actual);
-
-  if (lhs.AlmostEquals(rhs)) {
-    return AssertionSuccess();
-  }
-
-  ::std::stringstream expected_ss;
-  expected_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
-              << expected;
-
-  ::std::stringstream actual_ss;
-  actual_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
-            << actual;
-
-  return EqFailure(expected_expression,
-                   actual_expression,
-                   StringStreamToString(&expected_ss),
-                   StringStreamToString(&actual_ss),
-                   false);
-}
-
-// Helper function for implementing ASSERT_NEAR.
-//
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult DoubleNearPredFormat(const char* expr1,
-                                                const char* expr2,
-                                                const char* abs_error_expr,
-                                                double val1,
-                                                double val2,
-                                                double abs_error);
-
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
-// A class that enables one to stream messages to assertion macros
-class GTEST_API_ AssertHelper {
- public:
-  // Constructor.
-  AssertHelper(TestPartResult::Type type,
-               const char* file,
-               int line,
-               const char* message);
-  ~AssertHelper();
-
-  // Message assignment is a semantic trick to enable assertion
-  // streaming; see the GTEST_MESSAGE_ macro below.
-  void operator=(const Message& message) const;
-
- private:
-  // We put our data in a struct so that the size of the AssertHelper class can
-  // be as small as possible.  This is important because gcc is incapable of
-  // re-using stack space even for temporary variables, so every EXPECT_EQ
-  // reserves stack space for another AssertHelper.
-  struct AssertHelperData {
-    AssertHelperData(TestPartResult::Type t,
-                     const char* srcfile,
-                     int line_num,
-                     const char* msg)
-        : type(t), file(srcfile), line(line_num), message(msg) { }
-
-    TestPartResult::Type const type;
-    const char* const file;
-    int const line;
-    std::string const message;
-
-   private:
-    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AssertHelperData);
-  };
-
-  AssertHelperData* const data_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AssertHelper);
-};
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-// The pure interface class that all value-parameterized tests inherit from.
-// A value-parameterized class must inherit from both ::testing::Test and
-// ::testing::WithParamInterface. In most cases that just means inheriting
-// from ::testing::TestWithParam, but more complicated test hierarchies
-// may need to inherit from Test and WithParamInterface at different levels.
-//
-// This interface has support for accessing the test parameter value via
-// the GetParam() method.
-//
-// Use it with one of the parameter generator defining functions, like Range(),
-// Values(), ValuesIn(), Bool(), and Combine().
-//
-// class FooTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<int> {
-//  protected:
-//   FooTest() {
-//     // Can use GetParam() here.
-//   }
-//   virtual ~FooTest() {
-//     // Can use GetParam() here.
-//   }
-//   virtual void SetUp() {
-//     // Can use GetParam() here.
-//   }
-//   virtual void TearDown {
-//     // Can use GetParam() here.
-//   }
-// };
-// TEST_P(FooTest, DoesBar) {
-//   // Can use GetParam() method here.
-//   Foo foo;
-//   ASSERT_TRUE(foo.DoesBar(GetParam()));
-// }
-// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(OneToTenRange, FooTest, ::testing::Range(1, 10));
-
-template <typename T>
-class WithParamInterface {
- public:
-  typedef T ParamType;
-  virtual ~WithParamInterface() {}
-
-  // The current parameter value. Is also available in the test fixture's
-  // constructor. This member function is non-static, even though it only
-  // references static data, to reduce the opportunity for incorrect uses
-  // like writing 'WithParamInterface<bool>::GetParam()' for a test that
-  // uses a fixture whose parameter type is int.
-  const ParamType& GetParam() const {
-    GTEST_CHECK_(parameter_ != NULL)
-        << "GetParam() can only be called inside a value-parameterized test "
-        << "-- did you intend to write TEST_P instead of TEST_F?";
-    return *parameter_;
-  }
-
- private:
-  // Sets parameter value. The caller is responsible for making sure the value
-  // remains alive and unchanged throughout the current test.
-  static void SetParam(const ParamType* parameter) {
-    parameter_ = parameter;
-  }
-
-  // Static value used for accessing parameter during a test lifetime.
-  static const ParamType* parameter_;
-
-  // TestClass must be a subclass of WithParamInterface<T> and Test.
-  template <class TestClass> friend class internal::ParameterizedTestFactory;
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-const T* WithParamInterface<T>::parameter_ = NULL;
-
-// Most value-parameterized classes can ignore the existence of
-// WithParamInterface, and can just inherit from ::testing::TestWithParam.
-
-template <typename T>
-class TestWithParam : public Test, public WithParamInterface<T> {
-};
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
-// Macros for indicating success/failure in test code.
-
-// ADD_FAILURE unconditionally adds a failure to the current test.
-// SUCCEED generates a success - it doesn't automatically make the
-// current test successful, as a test is only successful when it has
-// no failure.
-//
-// EXPECT_* verifies that a certain condition is satisfied.  If not,
-// it behaves like ADD_FAILURE.  In particular:
-//
-//   EXPECT_TRUE  verifies that a Boolean condition is true.
-//   EXPECT_FALSE verifies that a Boolean condition is false.
-//
-// FAIL and ASSERT_* are similar to ADD_FAILURE and EXPECT_*, except
-// that they will also abort the current function on failure.  People
-// usually want the fail-fast behavior of FAIL and ASSERT_*, but those
-// writing data-driven tests often find themselves using ADD_FAILURE
-// and EXPECT_* more.
-
-// Generates a nonfatal failure with a generic message.
-#define ADD_FAILURE() GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_("Failed")
-
-// Generates a nonfatal failure at the given source file location with
-// a generic message.
-#define ADD_FAILURE_AT(file, line) \
-  GTEST_MESSAGE_AT_(file, line, "Failed", \
-                    ::testing::TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure)
-
-// Generates a fatal failure with a generic message.
-#define GTEST_FAIL() GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_("Failed")
-
-// Define this macro to 1 to omit the definition of FAIL(), which is a
-// generic name and clashes with some other libraries.
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_FAIL
-# define FAIL() GTEST_FAIL()
-#endif
-
-// Generates a success with a generic message.
-#define GTEST_SUCCEED() GTEST_SUCCESS_("Succeeded")
-
-// Define this macro to 1 to omit the definition of SUCCEED(), which
-// is a generic name and clashes with some other libraries.
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_SUCCEED
-# define SUCCEED() GTEST_SUCCEED()
-#endif
-
-// Macros for testing exceptions.
-//
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_THROW(statement, expected_exception):
-//         Tests that the statement throws the expected exception.
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NO_THROW(statement):
-//         Tests that the statement doesn't throw any exception.
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_ANY_THROW(statement):
-//         Tests that the statement throws an exception.
-
-#define EXPECT_THROW(statement, expected_exception) \
-  GTEST_TEST_THROW_(statement, expected_exception, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define EXPECT_NO_THROW(statement) \
-  GTEST_TEST_NO_THROW_(statement, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define EXPECT_ANY_THROW(statement) \
-  GTEST_TEST_ANY_THROW_(statement, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define ASSERT_THROW(statement, expected_exception) \
-  GTEST_TEST_THROW_(statement, expected_exception, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define ASSERT_NO_THROW(statement) \
-  GTEST_TEST_NO_THROW_(statement, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define ASSERT_ANY_THROW(statement) \
-  GTEST_TEST_ANY_THROW_(statement, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
-
-// Boolean assertions. Condition can be either a Boolean expression or an
-// AssertionResult. For more information on how to use AssertionResult with
-// these macros see comments on that class.
-#define EXPECT_TRUE(condition) \
-  GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_(condition, #condition, false, true, \
-                      GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define EXPECT_FALSE(condition) \
-  GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_(!(condition), #condition, true, false, \
-                      GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define ASSERT_TRUE(condition) \
-  GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_(condition, #condition, false, true, \
-                      GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define ASSERT_FALSE(condition) \
-  GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_(!(condition), #condition, true, false, \
-                      GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
-
-// Includes the auto-generated header that implements a family of
-// generic predicate assertion macros.
-// Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-// This file is AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED on 10/31/2011 by command
-// 'gen_gtest_pred_impl.py 5'.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
-//
-// Implements a family of generic predicate assertion macros.
-
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRED_IMPL_H_
-#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRED_IMPL_H_
-
-// Makes sure this header is not included before gtest.h.
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
-# error Do not include gtest_pred_impl.h directly.  Include gtest.h instead.
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
-
-// This header implements a family of generic predicate assertion
-// macros:
-//
-//   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(pred_format, v1)
-//   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(pred_format, v1, v2)
-//   ...
-//
-// where pred_format is a function or functor that takes n (in the
-// case of ASSERT_PRED_FORMATn) values and their source expression
-// text, and returns a testing::AssertionResult.  See the definition
-// of ASSERT_EQ in gtest.h for an example.
-//
-// If you don't care about formatting, you can use the more
-// restrictive version:
-//
-//   ASSERT_PRED1(pred, v1)
-//   ASSERT_PRED2(pred, v1, v2)
-//   ...
-//
-// where pred is an n-ary function or functor that returns bool,
-// and the values v1, v2, ..., must support the << operator for
-// streaming to std::ostream.
-//
-// We also define the EXPECT_* variations.
-//
-// For now we only support predicates whose arity is at most 5.
-// Please email googletestframework@googlegroups.com if you need
-// support for higher arities.
-
-// GTEST_ASSERT_ is the basic statement to which all of the assertions
-// in this file reduce.  Don't use this in your code.
-
-#define GTEST_ASSERT_(expression, on_failure) \
-  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
-  if (const ::testing::AssertionResult gtest_ar = (expression)) \
-    ; \
-  else \
-    on_failure(gtest_ar.failure_message())
-
-
-// Helper function for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED1.  Don't use
-// this in your code.
-template <typename Pred,
-          typename T1>
-AssertionResult AssertPred1Helper(const char* pred_text,
-                                  const char* e1,
-                                  Pred pred,
-                                  const T1& v1) {
-  if (pred(v1)) return AssertionSuccess();
-
-  return AssertionFailure() << pred_text << "("
-                            << e1 << ") evaluates to false, where"
-                            << "\n" << e1 << " evaluates to " << v1;
-}
-
-// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT1.
-// Don't use this in your code.
-#define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT1_(pred_format, v1, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, v1), \
-                on_failure)
-
-// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED1.  Don't use
-// this in your code.
-#define GTEST_PRED1_(pred, v1, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(::testing::AssertPred1Helper(#pred, \
-                                             #v1, \
-                                             pred, \
-                                             v1), on_failure)
-
-// Unary predicate assertion macros.
-#define EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(pred_format, v1) \
-  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT1_(pred_format, v1, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define EXPECT_PRED1(pred, v1) \
-  GTEST_PRED1_(pred, v1, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(pred_format, v1) \
-  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT1_(pred_format, v1, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define ASSERT_PRED1(pred, v1) \
-  GTEST_PRED1_(pred, v1, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
-
-
-
-// Helper function for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED2.  Don't use
-// this in your code.
-template <typename Pred,
-          typename T1,
-          typename T2>
-AssertionResult AssertPred2Helper(const char* pred_text,
-                                  const char* e1,
-                                  const char* e2,
-                                  Pred pred,
-                                  const T1& v1,
-                                  const T2& v2) {
-  if (pred(v1, v2)) return AssertionSuccess();
-
-  return AssertionFailure() << pred_text << "("
-                            << e1 << ", "
-                            << e2 << ") evaluates to false, where"
-                            << "\n" << e1 << " evaluates to " << v1
-                            << "\n" << e2 << " evaluates to " << v2;
-}
-
-// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT2.
-// Don't use this in your code.
-#define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT2_(pred_format, v1, v2, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, v1, v2), \
-                on_failure)
-
-// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED2.  Don't use
-// this in your code.
-#define GTEST_PRED2_(pred, v1, v2, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(::testing::AssertPred2Helper(#pred, \
-                                             #v1, \
-                                             #v2, \
-                                             pred, \
-                                             v1, \
-                                             v2), on_failure)
-
-// Binary predicate assertion macros.
-#define EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(pred_format, v1, v2) \
-  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT2_(pred_format, v1, v2, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define EXPECT_PRED2(pred, v1, v2) \
-  GTEST_PRED2_(pred, v1, v2, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(pred_format, v1, v2) \
-  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT2_(pred_format, v1, v2, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define ASSERT_PRED2(pred, v1, v2) \
-  GTEST_PRED2_(pred, v1, v2, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
-
-
-
-// Helper function for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED3.  Don't use
-// this in your code.
-template <typename Pred,
-          typename T1,
-          typename T2,
-          typename T3>
-AssertionResult AssertPred3Helper(const char* pred_text,
-                                  const char* e1,
-                                  const char* e2,
-                                  const char* e3,
-                                  Pred pred,
-                                  const T1& v1,
-                                  const T2& v2,
-                                  const T3& v3) {
-  if (pred(v1, v2, v3)) return AssertionSuccess();
-
-  return AssertionFailure() << pred_text << "("
-                            << e1 << ", "
-                            << e2 << ", "
-                            << e3 << ") evaluates to false, where"
-                            << "\n" << e1 << " evaluates to " << v1
-                            << "\n" << e2 << " evaluates to " << v2
-                            << "\n" << e3 << " evaluates to " << v3;
-}
-
-// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT3.
-// Don't use this in your code.
-#define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT3_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, v1, v2, v3), \
-                on_failure)
-
-// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED3.  Don't use
-// this in your code.
-#define GTEST_PRED3_(pred, v1, v2, v3, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(::testing::AssertPred3Helper(#pred, \
-                                             #v1, \
-                                             #v2, \
-                                             #v3, \
-                                             pred, \
-                                             v1, \
-                                             v2, \
-                                             v3), on_failure)
-
-// Ternary predicate assertion macros.
-#define EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(pred_format, v1, v2, v3) \
-  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT3_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define EXPECT_PRED3(pred, v1, v2, v3) \
-  GTEST_PRED3_(pred, v1, v2, v3, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3(pred_format, v1, v2, v3) \
-  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT3_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define ASSERT_PRED3(pred, v1, v2, v3) \
-  GTEST_PRED3_(pred, v1, v2, v3, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
-
-
-
-// Helper function for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED4.  Don't use
-// this in your code.
-template <typename Pred,
-          typename T1,
-          typename T2,
-          typename T3,
-          typename T4>
-AssertionResult AssertPred4Helper(const char* pred_text,
-                                  const char* e1,
-                                  const char* e2,
-                                  const char* e3,
-                                  const char* e4,
-                                  Pred pred,
-                                  const T1& v1,
-                                  const T2& v2,
-                                  const T3& v3,
-                                  const T4& v4) {
-  if (pred(v1, v2, v3, v4)) return AssertionSuccess();
-
-  return AssertionFailure() << pred_text << "("
-                            << e1 << ", "
-                            << e2 << ", "
-                            << e3 << ", "
-                            << e4 << ") evaluates to false, where"
-                            << "\n" << e1 << " evaluates to " << v1
-                            << "\n" << e2 << " evaluates to " << v2
-                            << "\n" << e3 << " evaluates to " << v3
-                            << "\n" << e4 << " evaluates to " << v4;
-}
-
-// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT4.
-// Don't use this in your code.
-#define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT4_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, #v4, v1, v2, v3, v4), \
-                on_failure)
-
-// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED4.  Don't use
-// this in your code.
-#define GTEST_PRED4_(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(::testing::AssertPred4Helper(#pred, \
-                                             #v1, \
-                                             #v2, \
-                                             #v3, \
-                                             #v4, \
-                                             pred, \
-                                             v1, \
-                                             v2, \
-                                             v3, \
-                                             v4), on_failure)
-
-// 4-ary predicate assertion macros.
-#define EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4) \
-  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT4_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define EXPECT_PRED4(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4) \
-  GTEST_PRED4_(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4) \
-  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT4_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define ASSERT_PRED4(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4) \
-  GTEST_PRED4_(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
-
-
-
-// Helper function for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED5.  Don't use
-// this in your code.
-template <typename Pred,
-          typename T1,
-          typename T2,
-          typename T3,
-          typename T4,
-          typename T5>
-AssertionResult AssertPred5Helper(const char* pred_text,
-                                  const char* e1,
-                                  const char* e2,
-                                  const char* e3,
-                                  const char* e4,
-                                  const char* e5,
-                                  Pred pred,
-                                  const T1& v1,
-                                  const T2& v2,
-                                  const T3& v3,
-                                  const T4& v4,
-                                  const T5& v5) {
-  if (pred(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5)) return AssertionSuccess();
-
-  return AssertionFailure() << pred_text << "("
-                            << e1 << ", "
-                            << e2 << ", "
-                            << e3 << ", "
-                            << e4 << ", "
-                            << e5 << ") evaluates to false, where"
-                            << "\n" << e1 << " evaluates to " << v1
-                            << "\n" << e2 << " evaluates to " << v2
-                            << "\n" << e3 << " evaluates to " << v3
-                            << "\n" << e4 << " evaluates to " << v4
-                            << "\n" << e5 << " evaluates to " << v5;
-}
-
-// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT5.
-// Don't use this in your code.
-#define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT5_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, #v4, #v5, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5), \
-                on_failure)
-
-// Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED5.  Don't use
-// this in your code.
-#define GTEST_PRED5_(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(::testing::AssertPred5Helper(#pred, \
-                                             #v1, \
-                                             #v2, \
-                                             #v3, \
-                                             #v4, \
-                                             #v5, \
-                                             pred, \
-                                             v1, \
-                                             v2, \
-                                             v3, \
-                                             v4, \
-                                             v5), on_failure)
-
-// 5-ary predicate assertion macros.
-#define EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5) \
-  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT5_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define EXPECT_PRED5(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5) \
-  GTEST_PRED5_(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5) \
-  GTEST_PRED_FORMAT5_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define ASSERT_PRED5(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5) \
-  GTEST_PRED5_(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
-
-
-
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRED_IMPL_H_
-
-// Macros for testing equalities and inequalities.
-//
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ(expected, actual): Tests that expected == actual
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NE(v1, v2):           Tests that v1 != v2
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LT(v1, v2):           Tests that v1 < v2
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LE(v1, v2):           Tests that v1 <= v2
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT(v1, v2):           Tests that v1 > v2
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GE(v1, v2):           Tests that v1 >= v2
-//
-// When they are not, Google Test prints both the tested expressions and
-// their actual values.  The values must be compatible built-in types,
-// or you will get a compiler error.  By "compatible" we mean that the
-// values can be compared by the respective operator.
-//
-// Note:
-//
-//   1. It is possible to make a user-defined type work with
-//   {ASSERT|EXPECT}_??(), but that requires overloading the
-//   comparison operators and is thus discouraged by the Google C++
-//   Usage Guide.  Therefore, you are advised to use the
-//   {ASSERT|EXPECT}_TRUE() macro to assert that two objects are
-//   equal.
-//
-//   2. The {ASSERT|EXPECT}_??() macros do pointer comparisons on
-//   pointers (in particular, C strings).  Therefore, if you use it
-//   with two C strings, you are testing how their locations in memory
-//   are related, not how their content is related.  To compare two C
-//   strings by content, use {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STR*().
-//
-//   3. {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ(expected, actual) is preferred to
-//   {ASSERT|EXPECT}_TRUE(expected == actual), as the former tells you
-//   what the actual value is when it fails, and similarly for the
-//   other comparisons.
-//
-//   4. Do not depend on the order in which {ASSERT|EXPECT}_??()
-//   evaluate their arguments, which is undefined.
-//
-//   5. These macros evaluate their arguments exactly once.
-//
-// Examples:
-//
-//   EXPECT_NE(5, Foo());
-//   EXPECT_EQ(NULL, a_pointer);
-//   ASSERT_LT(i, array_size);
-//   ASSERT_GT(records.size(), 0) << "There is no record left.";
-
-#define EXPECT_EQ(expected, actual) \
-  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal:: \
-                      EqHelper<GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(expected)>::Compare, \
-                      expected, actual)
-#define EXPECT_NE(expected, actual) \
-  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperNE, expected, actual)
-#define EXPECT_LE(val1, val2) \
-  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperLE, val1, val2)
-#define EXPECT_LT(val1, val2) \
-  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperLT, val1, val2)
-#define EXPECT_GE(val1, val2) \
-  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperGE, val1, val2)
-#define EXPECT_GT(val1, val2) \
-  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperGT, val1, val2)
-
-#define GTEST_ASSERT_EQ(expected, actual) \
-  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal:: \
-                      EqHelper<GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(expected)>::Compare, \
-                      expected, actual)
-#define GTEST_ASSERT_NE(val1, val2) \
-  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperNE, val1, val2)
-#define GTEST_ASSERT_LE(val1, val2) \
-  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperLE, val1, val2)
-#define GTEST_ASSERT_LT(val1, val2) \
-  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperLT, val1, val2)
-#define GTEST_ASSERT_GE(val1, val2) \
-  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperGE, val1, val2)
-#define GTEST_ASSERT_GT(val1, val2) \
-  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperGT, val1, val2)
-
-// Define macro GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_XY to 1 to omit the definition of
-// ASSERT_XY(), which clashes with some users' own code.
-
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_EQ
-# define ASSERT_EQ(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_EQ(val1, val2)
-#endif
-
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_NE
-# define ASSERT_NE(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_NE(val1, val2)
-#endif
-
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_LE
-# define ASSERT_LE(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_LE(val1, val2)
-#endif
-
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_LT
-# define ASSERT_LT(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_LT(val1, val2)
-#endif
-
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_GE
-# define ASSERT_GE(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_GE(val1, val2)
-#endif
-
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_GT
-# define ASSERT_GT(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_GT(val1, val2)
-#endif
-
-// C-string Comparisons.  All tests treat NULL and any non-NULL string
-// as different.  Two NULLs are equal.
-//
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STREQ(s1, s2):     Tests that s1 == s2
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRNE(s1, s2):     Tests that s1 != s2
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASEEQ(s1, s2): Tests that s1 == s2, ignoring case
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASENE(s1, s2): Tests that s1 != s2, ignoring case
-//
-// For wide or narrow string objects, you can use the
-// {ASSERT|EXPECT}_??() macros.
-//
-// Don't depend on the order in which the arguments are evaluated,
-// which is undefined.
-//
-// These macros evaluate their arguments exactly once.
-
-#define EXPECT_STREQ(expected, actual) \
-  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTREQ, expected, actual)
-#define EXPECT_STRNE(s1, s2) \
-  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRNE, s1, s2)
-#define EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(expected, actual) \
-  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ, expected, actual)
-#define EXPECT_STRCASENE(s1, s2)\
-  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASENE, s1, s2)
-
-#define ASSERT_STREQ(expected, actual) \
-  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTREQ, expected, actual)
-#define ASSERT_STRNE(s1, s2) \
-  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRNE, s1, s2)
-#define ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(expected, actual) \
-  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ, expected, actual)
-#define ASSERT_STRCASENE(s1, s2)\
-  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASENE, s1, s2)
-
-// Macros for comparing floating-point numbers.
-//
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_FLOAT_EQ(expected, actual):
-//         Tests that two float values are almost equal.
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_DOUBLE_EQ(expected, actual):
-//         Tests that two double values are almost equal.
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NEAR(v1, v2, abs_error):
-//         Tests that v1 and v2 are within the given distance to each other.
-//
-// Google Test uses ULP-based comparison to automatically pick a default
-// error bound that is appropriate for the operands.  See the
-// FloatingPoint template class in gtest-internal.h if you are
-// interested in the implementation details.
-
-#define EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(expected, actual)\
-  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ<float>, \
-                      expected, actual)
-
-#define EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(expected, actual)\
-  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ<double>, \
-                      expected, actual)
-
-#define ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(expected, actual)\
-  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ<float>, \
-                      expected, actual)
-
-#define ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(expected, actual)\
-  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ<double>, \
-                      expected, actual)
-
-#define EXPECT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error)\
-  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(::testing::internal::DoubleNearPredFormat, \
-                      val1, val2, abs_error)
-
-#define ASSERT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error)\
-  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3(::testing::internal::DoubleNearPredFormat, \
-                      val1, val2, abs_error)
-
-// These predicate format functions work on floating-point values, and
-// can be used in {ASSERT|EXPECT}_PRED_FORMAT2*(), e.g.
-//
-//   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::DoubleLE, Foo(), 5.0);
-
-// Asserts that val1 is less than, or almost equal to, val2.  Fails
-// otherwise.  In particular, it fails if either val1 or val2 is NaN.
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult FloatLE(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
-                                   float val1, float val2);
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult DoubleLE(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
-                                    double val1, double val2);
-
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-// Macros that test for HRESULT failure and success, these are only useful
-// on Windows, and rely on Windows SDK macros and APIs to compile.
-//
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_HRESULT_{SUCCEEDED|FAILED}(expr)
-//
-// When expr unexpectedly fails or succeeds, Google Test prints the
-// expected result and the actual result with both a human-readable
-// string representation of the error, if available, as well as the
-// hex result code.
-# define EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(expr) \
-    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(::testing::internal::IsHRESULTSuccess, (expr))
-
-# define ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(expr) \
-    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(::testing::internal::IsHRESULTSuccess, (expr))
-
-# define EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(expr) \
-    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(::testing::internal::IsHRESULTFailure, (expr))
-
-# define ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(expr) \
-    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(::testing::internal::IsHRESULTFailure, (expr))
-
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-
-// Macros that execute statement and check that it doesn't generate new fatal
-// failures in the current thread.
-//
-//   * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(statement);
-//
-// Examples:
-//
-//   EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Process());
-//   ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Process()) << "Process() failed";
-//
-#define ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(statement) \
-    GTEST_TEST_NO_FATAL_FAILURE_(statement, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
-#define EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(statement) \
-    GTEST_TEST_NO_FATAL_FAILURE_(statement, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
-
-// Causes a trace (including the source file path, the current line
-// number, and the given message) to be included in every test failure
-// message generated by code in the current scope.  The effect is
-// undone when the control leaves the current scope.
-//
-// The message argument can be anything streamable to std::ostream.
-//
-// In the implementation, we include the current line number as part
-// of the dummy variable name, thus allowing multiple SCOPED_TRACE()s
-// to appear in the same block - as long as they are on different
-// lines.
-#define SCOPED_TRACE(message) \
-  ::testing::internal::ScopedTrace GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_trace_, __LINE__)(\
-    __FILE__, __LINE__, ::testing::Message() << (message))
-
-// Compile-time assertion for type equality.
-// StaticAssertTypeEq<type1, type2>() compiles iff type1 and type2 are
-// the same type.  The value it returns is not interesting.
-//
-// Instead of making StaticAssertTypeEq a class template, we make it a
-// function template that invokes a helper class template.  This
-// prevents a user from misusing StaticAssertTypeEq<T1, T2> by
-// defining objects of that type.
-//
-// CAVEAT:
-//
-// When used inside a method of a class template,
-// StaticAssertTypeEq<T1, T2>() is effective ONLY IF the method is
-// instantiated.  For example, given:
-//
-//   template <typename T> class Foo {
-//    public:
-//     void Bar() { testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<int, T>(); }
-//   };
-//
-// the code:
-//
-//   void Test1() { Foo<bool> foo; }
-//
-// will NOT generate a compiler error, as Foo<bool>::Bar() is never
-// actually instantiated.  Instead, you need:
-//
-//   void Test2() { Foo<bool> foo; foo.Bar(); }
-//
-// to cause a compiler error.
-template <typename T1, typename T2>
-bool StaticAssertTypeEq() {
-  (void)internal::StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<T1, T2>();
-  return true;
-}
-
-// Defines a test.
-//
-// The first parameter is the name of the test case, and the second
-// parameter is the name of the test within the test case.
-//
-// The convention is to end the test case name with "Test".  For
-// example, a test case for the Foo class can be named FooTest.
-//
-// The user should put his test code between braces after using this
-// macro.  Example:
-//
-//   TEST(FooTest, InitializesCorrectly) {
-//     Foo foo;
-//     EXPECT_TRUE(foo.StatusIsOK());
-//   }
-
-// Note that we call GetTestTypeId() instead of GetTypeId<
-// ::testing::Test>() here to get the type ID of testing::Test.  This
-// is to work around a suspected linker bug when using Google Test as
-// a framework on Mac OS X.  The bug causes GetTypeId<
-// ::testing::Test>() to return different values depending on whether
-// the call is from the Google Test framework itself or from user test
-// code.  GetTestTypeId() is guaranteed to always return the same
-// value, as it always calls GetTypeId<>() from the Google Test
-// framework.
-#define GTEST_TEST(test_case_name, test_name)\
-  GTEST_TEST_(test_case_name, test_name, \
-              ::testing::Test, ::testing::internal::GetTestTypeId())
-
-// Define this macro to 1 to omit the definition of TEST(), which
-// is a generic name and clashes with some other libraries.
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST
-# define TEST(test_case_name, test_name) GTEST_TEST(test_case_name, test_name)
-#endif
-
-// Defines a test that uses a test fixture.
-//
-// The first parameter is the name of the test fixture class, which
-// also doubles as the test case name.  The second parameter is the
-// name of the test within the test case.
-//
-// A test fixture class must be declared earlier.  The user should put
-// his test code between braces after using this macro.  Example:
-//
-//   class FooTest : public testing::Test {
-//    protected:
-//     virtual void SetUp() { b_.AddElement(3); }
-//
-//     Foo a_;
-//     Foo b_;
-//   };
-//
-//   TEST_F(FooTest, InitializesCorrectly) {
-//     EXPECT_TRUE(a_.StatusIsOK());
-//   }
-//
-//   TEST_F(FooTest, ReturnsElementCountCorrectly) {
-//     EXPECT_EQ(0, a_.size());
-//     EXPECT_EQ(1, b_.size());
-//   }
-
-#define TEST_F(test_fixture, test_name)\
-  GTEST_TEST_(test_fixture, test_name, test_fixture, \
-              ::testing::internal::GetTypeId<test_fixture>())
-
-}  // namespace testing
-
-// Use this function in main() to run all tests.  It returns 0 if all
-// tests are successful, or 1 otherwise.
-//
-// RUN_ALL_TESTS() should be invoked after the command line has been
-// parsed by InitGoogleTest().
-//
-// This function was formerly a macro; thus, it is in the global
-// namespace and has an all-caps name.
-int RUN_ALL_TESTS() GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_;
-
-inline int RUN_ALL_TESTS() {
-  return ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->Run();
-}
-
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
diff --git a/vector/tests/host_coordinator_unittest.cpp b/vector/tests/host_coordinator_unittest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 56d0fb28e275652ca204fae3f4feaea9996186dd..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/tests/host_coordinator_unittest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
-
-#include <HostCoordinator.hpp>
-
-// helper function for outputting a range
-template <typename R>
-void print_range(const R& rng) {
-    for(auto v: rng)
-        std::cout << v << " ";
-    std::cout << std::endl;
-}
-
-// verify that type members set correctly
-TEST(HostCoordinator, type_members) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    typedef HostCoordinator<int> intcoord_t;
-
-    // verify that the correct type is used for internal storage
-    ::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<int,   intcoord_t::value_type>();
-}
-
-// verify that rebinding works
-TEST(HostCoordinator, rebind) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    typedef HostCoordinator<int> intcoord_t;
-    typedef typename intcoord_t::rebind<double> doublecoord_t;
-
-    // verify that the correct type is used for internal storage
-    ::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<double,doublecoord_t::value_type>();
-}
-
-// test allocation of base ranges using HostCoordinator
-TEST(HostCoordinator, baserange_alloc_free) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    typedef HostCoordinator<int> intcoord_t;
-    intcoord_t coordinator;
-
-    auto rng = coordinator.allocate(5);
-    typedef decltype(rng) rng_t;
-
-    intcoord_t coord;
-
-    // test that range is a base range
-    EXPECT_TRUE(impl::is_array_view<rng_t>::value);
-
-    // test that range has correct storage type
-    ::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<int, rng_t::value_type >();
-
-    // verify that the range has non-NULL pointer
-    EXPECT_NE(rng_t::pointer(0), rng.data()) << "HostCoordinator returned a NULL pointer when alloating a nonzero range";
-
-    // verify that freeing works
-    coordinator.free(rng);
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(rng_t::pointer(0), rng.data());
-    EXPECT_EQ(rng_t::size_type(0), rng.size());
-}
-
-// test allocation of reference ranges
-TEST(HostCoordinator, refrange_alloc_free) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    typedef HostCoordinator<float> floatcoord_t;
-    floatcoord_t coordinator;
-
-    auto rng = coordinator.allocate(5);
-    typedef decltype(rng) rng_t;
-
-    auto rrng = rng(all);
-    typedef decltype(rrng) rrng_t;
-
-    // test that range has correct storage type
-    ::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<float, rrng_t::value_type >();
-
-    // verify that the range has non-NULL pointer
-    EXPECT_NE(rrng_t::pointer(0), rrng.data())
-        << "HostCoordinator returned a NULL pointer when allocating a nonzero range";
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(rng.data(), rrng.data())
-        << "base(all) does not have the same pointer address as base";
-
-    // verify that freeing works
-    coordinator.free(rng);
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(rng_t::pointer(0),   rng.data());
-    EXPECT_EQ(rng_t::size_type(0), rng.size());
-}
-
-// test that HostCoordinator can correctly detect overlap between ranges
-TEST(HostCoordinator, overlap) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    const int N = 20;
-
-    typedef HostCoordinator<int> intcoord_t;
-    intcoord_t coordinator;
-
-    auto rng = coordinator.allocate(N);
-    auto rng_other = coordinator.allocate(N);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(rng.overlaps(rng_other));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(rng(0,10).overlaps(rng(10,end)));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(rng(10,end).overlaps(rng(0,10)));
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(rng.overlaps(rng));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(rng(all).overlaps(rng));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(rng.overlaps(rng(all)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(rng(all).overlaps(rng(all)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(rng(0,11).overlaps(rng(10,end)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(rng(10,end).overlaps(rng(0,11)));
-}
-
-// test copy from host to device memory works for pinned host memory
-TEST(HostCoordinator, alignment) {
-    using namespace memory;
-    static_assert(
-      HostCoordinator<double, AlignedAllocator<double,64>>::alignment() == 64,
-      "bad alignment reported by Host Allocator");
-    static_assert(
-      HostCoordinator<double, AlignedAllocator<double,128>>::alignment() == 128,
-      "bad alignment reported by Host Allocator");
-    static_assert(
-      HostCoordinator<double, AlignedAllocator<double,256>>::alignment() == 256,
-      "bad alignment reported by Host Allocator");
-    static_assert(
-      HostCoordinator<double, AlignedAllocator<double,512>>::alignment() == 512,
-      "bad alignment reported by Host Allocator");
-}
diff --git a/vector/tests/host_vector_unittest.cpp b/vector/tests/host_vector_unittest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 1deed924ca941163598b980c6602cded065b744f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/tests/host_vector_unittest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,170 +0,0 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <numeric>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <Vector.hpp>
-#include <HostCoordinator.hpp>
-
-template <typename VEC>
-void print(VEC const& v) {
-    for(auto v_: v)
-        std::cout << v_ << " ";
-    std::cout << std::endl;
-}
-
-// test that constructors work
-TEST(HostVector, constructor) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    // default constructor
-    HostVector<float> v2;
-
-    // length constructor
-    HostVector<float> v1(100);
-
-    // initialize values as monotone sequence
-    for(int i=0; i<v1.size(); ++i)
-        v1[i] = float(i);
-
-    // initialize new HostVector from a subrange
-    HostVector<float> v3(v1(90, 100));
-
-    // reset values in range
-    for(auto &v : v1(90, 100))
-        v = float(-1.0);
-
-    // check that v3 has values originally copied over from v1
-    for(int i=0; i<10; i++)
-        EXPECT_EQ(float(i+90), v3[i]);
-
-    for(int i=90; i<100; i++)
-        EXPECT_EQ(float(-1), v1[i]);
-}
-
-// test that constructors work
-TEST(HostVector, std_vector_constructor) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    std::vector<int> v(10);
-    std::iota(v.begin(), v.end(), 0);
-
-    HostVector<int> hv(v);
-
-    for(auto i=0; i<hv.size(); ++i) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(v[i], hv[i]);
-    }
-}
-
-// test that copy constructors work
-TEST(HostVector, copy_constructor) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    // length constructor
-    HostVector<float> v1(100);
-
-    // initialize values as monotone sequence
-    for(int i=0; i<v1.size(); ++i)
-        v1[i] = float(i);
-
-    // copy constructor
-    //HostVector<float> v2;
-    //v2 = v1;
-    HostVector<float> v2 = v1;
-
-    // ensure that new memory was allocated
-    EXPECT_NE(v2.data(), v1.data());
-
-    // check that v3 has values originally copied over from v1
-    for(int i=0; i<100; i++)
-        EXPECT_EQ(v1[i], v2[i]);
-}
-
-template <typename T, size_t N>
-using vecN =
-    memory::Array<T, memory::HostCoordinator<T, memory::AlignedAllocator<T, N>>>;
-
-// test that copy works between vectors with different alignments
-TEST(HostVector, copy) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    vecN<float, 16> v16(100);
-    v16(memory::all) = 3.14f;
-    vecN<float, 32> v32 = v16;
-
-    for(auto v: v32) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(v, 3.14f);
-    }
-}
-
-// test that move constructors work
-TEST(HostVector, move_constructor) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    // move constructor
-    HostVector<float> v1 = HostVector<float>(100);
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(v1.size(), 100);
-}
-
-// test that constructors with default value works
-TEST(HostVector, value_constructor) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    HostVector<int> v1(10, -5);
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(v1.size(), 10);
-    for(auto i : v1.range()) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(v1[i], -5);
-    }
-}
-
-// test that iterators and ranges work
-TEST(HostVector, iterators_and_ranges) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    // length constructor
-    HostVector<float> v1(100);
-
-    // check that begin()/end() iterators work
-    for(auto it=v1.begin(); it<v1.end(); ++it)
-        *it = float(3.0);
-
-    // check that range based for loop works
-    for(auto &val : v1)
-        val = float(3.0);
-    {
-        float sum = 0;
-        // check it works for const
-        for(auto val : v1)
-            sum+=val;
-        EXPECT_EQ(float(3*100), sum);
-    }
-
-    // check that std::for_each works
-    std::for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), [] (float& val) {val+=1;}); // add 1 to every value in v1
-    {
-        float sum = 0;
-        for(auto val : v1)
-            sum+=val;
-        EXPECT_EQ(float(4*100), sum);
-    }
-}
-
-TEST(HostVector, from_std_vector) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    /*
-    const std::vector<int> svec{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7};
-    const HostVector<int>::view_type v(const_cast<int*>(svec.data()), 5);
-    */
-
-    std::vector<int> v{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7};
-    HostVector<int> hv(v);
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(v.size(), hv.size());
-    for(auto i : hv.range()) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(v[i], hv[i]);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/vector/tests/knl_vector_unittest.cpp b/vector/tests/knl_vector_unittest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 0b0a3f7cea834e8b1313e3bd502480bc9dceab26..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/tests/knl_vector_unittest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
-
-#include <algorithm>
-
-#include <Vector.hpp>
-#include <HostCoordinator.hpp>
-
-template <typename VEC>
-void print(VEC const& v) {
-    for(auto v_: v)
-        std::cout << v_ << " ";
-    std::cout << std::endl;
-}
-
-// test that constructors work
-TEST(KNLVector, constructor) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    // default constructor
-    HBWVector<float> v2;
-
-    // length constructor
-    HBWVector<float> v1(100);
-
-    // initialize values as monotone sequence
-    for(int i=0; i<v1.size(); ++i)
-        v1[i] = float(i);
-
-    // initialize new HostVector from a subrange
-    HBWVector<float> v3(v1(90, 100));
-
-    // reset values in range
-    for(auto &v : v1(90, 100))
-        v = float(-1.0);
-
-    // check that v3 has values originally copied over from v1
-    for(int i=0; i<10; i++)
-        EXPECT_EQ(float(i+90), v3[i]);
-
-    for(int i=90; i<100; i++)
-        EXPECT_EQ(float(-1), v1[i]);
-}
-
-// test that copy constructors work
-TEST(KNLVector, copy_constructor) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    // length constructor
-    HBWVector<float> v1(100);
-
-    // initialize values as monotone sequence
-    for(int i=0; i<v1.size(); ++i)
-        v1[i] = float(i);
-
-    // copy constructor
-    HBWVector<float> v2 = v1;
-
-    // ensure that new memory was allocated
-    EXPECT_NE(v2.data(), v1.data());
-
-    // check that v3 has values originally copied over from v1
-    for(int i=0; i<100; i++)
-        EXPECT_EQ(v1[i], v2[i]);
-}
-
-TEST(KNLVector, host2HBW) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    HostVector<float> v1(100);
-    for(int i=0; i<v1.size(); ++i) v1[i] = float(i);
-
-    HBWVector<float> v2 = v1;
-
-    // check that v2 has values originally copied over from v1
-    for(int i=0; i<100; i++)
-        EXPECT_EQ(v1[i], v2[i]);
-}
-
-TEST(KNLVector, HBW2host) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    HBWVector<float> v1(100);
-    for(int i=0; i<v1.size(); ++i) v1[i] = float(i);
-
-    HostVector<float> v2 = v1;
-
-    // check that v2 has values originally copied over from v1
-    for(int i=0; i<100; i++)
-        EXPECT_EQ(v1[i], v2[i]);
-}
-
-template <typename T, size_t N>
-using vecN =
-    memory::Array<T, memory::HostCoordinator<T, memory::HBWAllocator<T, N>>>;
-
-// test that default alignment is correct
-TEST(KNLVector, alignment) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(HBWVector<float>::alignment(), 512/8);
-}
-
-// test that copy works between vectors with different alignments
-TEST(KNLVector, copy) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    vecN<float, 16> v16(100);
-    v16(memory::all) = 3.14f;
-    vecN<float, 32> v32 = v16;
-
-    for(auto v: v32) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(v, 3.14f);
-    }
-}
-
-// test that move constructors work
-TEST(KNLVector, move_constructor) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    // move constructor
-    HBWVector<float> v1 = HBWVector<float>(100);
-
-    for(auto i : v1.range())
-        v1[i] = i;
-}
-
-// test that iterators and ranges work
-TEST(KNLVector, iterators_and_ranges) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    // length constructor
-    HBWVector<float> v1(100);
-
-    // check that begin()/end() iterators work
-    for(auto it=v1.begin(); it<v1.end(); ++it)
-        *it = float(3.0);
-
-    // check that range based for loop works
-    for(auto &val : v1)
-        val = float(3.0);
-    {
-        float sum = 0;
-        // check it works for const
-        for(auto val : v1)
-            sum+=val;
-        EXPECT_EQ(float(3*100), sum);
-    }
-
-    // check that std::for_each works
-    std::for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), [] (float& val) {val+=1;}); // add 1 to every value in v1
-    {
-        float sum = 0;
-        for(auto val : v1)
-            sum+=val;
-        EXPECT_EQ(float(4*100), sum);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/vector/tests/pinned_vector_unittest.cpp b/vector/tests/pinned_vector_unittest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 78616f58d91b2c7b7ae428bcb1a64e1bed275680..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/tests/pinned_vector_unittest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
-
-#include <Vector.hpp>
-#include <HostCoordinator.hpp>
-#include <DeviceCoordinator.hpp>
-
-#include <algorithm>
-
-template <typename VEC>
-void print(VEC const& v) {
-    for(auto v_: v)
-        std::cout << v_ << " ";
-    std::cout << std::endl;
-}
-
-// test that constructors work
-TEST(PinnedVector, constructor) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    // default constructor
-    PinnedVector<float> v;
-
-    // length constructor
-    PinnedVector<float> v1(100);
-
-    // initialize values as monotone sequence
-    for(int i=0; i<v1.size(); ++i)
-        v1[i] = float(i);
-
-    // initialize new PinnedVector from a subrange
-    PinnedVector<float> v3(v1(90, 100));
-
-    // reset values in range
-    for(auto &v : v1(90, 100))
-        v = float(-1.0);
-
-    // check that v3 has values originally copied over from v1
-    for(int i=0; i<10; i++)
-        EXPECT_EQ(float(i+90), v3[i]);
-
-    for(int i=90; i<100; i++)
-        EXPECT_EQ(float(-1), v1[i]);
-}
-
-// test that constructors work
-TEST(PinnedVector, iterators_and_ranges) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    // length constructor
-    PinnedVector<float> v1(100);
-
-    // check that begin()/end() iterators work
-    for(auto it=v1.begin(); it<v1.end(); ++it)
-        *it = float(3.0);
-
-    // check that range based for loop works
-    for(auto &val : v1)
-        val = float(3.0);
-    {
-        float sum = 0;
-        // check it works for const
-        for(auto val : v1)
-            sum+=val;
-        EXPECT_EQ(float(3*100), sum);
-    }
-
-    // check that std::for_each works
-    // add 1 to every value in v1
-    std::for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), [] (float& val) {val+=1;});
-    {
-        float sum = 0;
-        for(auto val : v1)
-            sum+=val;
-        EXPECT_EQ(float(4*100), sum);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/vector/tests/split_range_unittest.cpp b/vector/tests/split_range_unittest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 26db56f7b9a54dd5e66a3cbfb192f7bc46b17ede..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vector/tests/split_range_unittest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-#include "gtest.h"
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "../include/HostCoordinator.hpp"
-#include "../include/SplitRange.hpp"
-#include "../include/Vector.hpp"
-
-TEST(SplitRange, split) {
-    using namespace memory;
-
-    using vector_type = HostVector<float>;
-    using view_type = vector_type::view_type;
-
-    const size_t num_splits=13;
-    const size_t range_length=100;
-
-    vector_type vector(range_length);
-
-    std::vector<view_type> splits;
-    std::vector<Range> ranges;
-
-    for(auto s : SplitRange(Range(0,range_length), num_splits)) {
-        splits.push_back(vector(s));
-        ranges.push_back(s);
-    }
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(splits.size(), num_splits);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ranges.size(), num_splits);
-    for(int i=0; i<num_splits; ++i)
-        EXPECT_EQ(splits[i].size(), ranges[i].size());
-}