diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 963c17cfe8d79c85e12945fb35c6d1d99bb2ba92..234bd3c4550c07f52be5458bc10ea92d4019b870 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -39,4 +39,5 @@ *.out *.pdf *.toc +*.blg diff --git a/docs/formulation.tex b/docs/formulation.tex index 3812398dcff54a9852f34fe59ded3d8446fd6aea..dcf1d792771917acd15a152846214c814b12abf0 100644 --- a/docs/formulation.tex +++ b/docs/formulation.tex @@ -20,21 +20,32 @@ Note that the standard convention is followed, whereby membrane and synapse curr The PDE in (\ref{eq:cable}) is derived from the following mass balance expression for a cable segment: \begin{align} \int_{\Omega}{c_m \pder{V}{t} } \deriv{v} = - & - \int_{\Gamma_{\text{left}}} \left( \frac{1}{r_L}\pder{V}{x} \right) \deriv{s} - + \int_{\Gamma_{\text{right}}} \left( \frac{1}{r_L}\pder{V}{x} \right) \deriv{s} \nonumber \\ + & - \sum_{n\in\mathcal{N}} {\int_{\Gamma_{n}} \left( \frac{1}{r_L}\pder{V}{x} \cdot \vv{n} \right) \deriv{s} } \nonumber \\ & - \int_{\Gamma_{ext}} {(i_m - i_e)} \deriv{s} \label{eq:cable_balance} \end{align} where $\int_\Omega \cdot \deriv{v}$ is shorthand for the volume integral over the segment $\Omega$, and $\int_\Gamma \cdot \deriv{s}$ is shorthand for the surface integral over the surface $\Gamma$. -The surface of the cable segment is sub-divided into the left, right and external parts of the surface. -The external surface $\Gamma_{ext}$ is the cell membrane, at the interface between the extra-cellular and intra-cellular regions. +The surface of the cable segment is sub-divided into the internal and external surfaces. +The external surface $\Gamma_{ext}$ is the cell membrane at the interface between the extra-cellular and intra-cellular regions. The current, which is the conserved quantity in our conservation law, over the surface is composed of the synapse and ion channel contributions. This is derived from a thin film approximation to the cell membrane, whereby the membrane is treated as an infinitesimally thin interface between the intra and extra cellular regions. -The left and right surface are the interface between the cable segment and its neighbour. +The internal surfaces are the interface between the cable segment and its neighbour segments which are denoted by the set $\mathcal N$. +Equation~\eq{eq:cable_balance} handles the general case where a cable might lie at a branch, and can be simplified for a one dimensional segment: +\begin{align} + \int_{\Omega}{c_m \pder{V}{t} } \deriv{v} = + & - \int_{\Gamma_{\text{left}}} \left( \frac{1}{r_L}\pder{V}{x} \right) \deriv{s} \nonumber \\ + & + \int_{\Gamma_{\text{right}}} \left( \frac{1}{r_L}\pder{V}{x} \right) \deriv{s} \nonumber \\ + & - \int_{\Gamma_{ext}} {(i_m - i_e)} \deriv{s} \nonumber +\end{align} + +Note that some information is lost when going from a three-dimensional description of a neuron to a system of branching one-dimensional cable segments. +If the cell is represented by cylinders or frustrums\footnote{a frustrum is a truncated cone, where the truncation plane is parallel to the base of the cone.}, the definition of volume and surface area at branch points are not exact as far as I can see. +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \subsection{Assumptions of the cable equation} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% See \cite{lindsay_2004} for a detailed derivation of the cable equation, and extensions to the one-dimensional model that account for radial variation of potential. The formulation in equations~\eq{eq:cable} and~\eq{eq:cable_balance} is based on the following expression in three dimensions (based on Maxwell's equations adapted for neurological modelling) @@ -64,4 +75,5 @@ That is, potential is a function of the axial distance $x$ alone \begin{equation} \vv{E} = \nabla \phi = \pder{V}{x}. \end{equation} -This is not really true, because a potential field that is a variable of $x$ and $t$ alone can't support the axial gradients required to drive the potential difference over the cell membrane. +This is not strictly true, because a potential field that is a variable of $x$ and $t$ alone can't support the axial gradients required to drive the potential difference over the cell membrane. +I am still trying to get my head around the assumptions made in mapping a three-dimensional problem to a pseudo one-dimensional one. diff --git a/docs/images/cable.tex b/docs/images/cable.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ac45fe533b2ea23477e60af477ff1d47056b5bfd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/images/cable.tex @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +\documentclass[tikz,border=10pt]{standalone} + +\usepackage{tikz} +\usetikzlibrary{positioning} +\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows,backgrounds,fit,shapes.geometric,calc} +\usetikzlibrary{pgfplots.groupplots} +\usepackage{pgfplots} +\usepackage{pgfplotstable} +\usepackage{listings} +\usepackage{lstautogobble} +\usepackage{color} + +\tikzset{ + %Define standard arrow tip + >=stealth', + % Define arrow style + pil/.style={ + ->, + thick, + shorten <=2pt, + shorten >=2pt,} +} +\begin{document} +\begin{tikzpicture}[outer sep = 0pt] + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +% axis +\draw [pil,very thin] (-3.4,0) -- ( 3.5, 0); +\draw [pil,very thin] (-3.2,-0.2) -- (-3.2, 0.5); + +% left volume +\draw [white!60!black] (-3,-0.25) -- (-3, 0.25); +\draw [white!60!black] (-3,-0.25) -- (-1,-0.25); +\draw [white!60!black] (-3, 0.25) -- (-1, 0.25); + +% central volume +\draw (-1,-0.25) -- (-1, 0.25); +\draw (-1, 0.25) -- ( 1, 0.4); +\draw (-1,-0.25) -- ( 1,-0.4); +\draw ( 1,-0.4) -- ( 1, 0.4); + +% right volume +\draw [white!60!black] ( 1,-0.4) -- ( 3,-0.3); +\draw [white!60!black] ( 1, 0.4) -- ( 3, 0.3); +\draw [white!60!black] ( 3,-0.3) -- ( 3, 0.3); + +% centroids +\path (-2, 0) node [shape=circle, draw, fill=black, scale=0.5] {} + ( 0, 0) node [shape=circle, draw, fill=black] {} + ( 2, 0) node [shape=circle, draw, fill=black] {}; + +\draw ( 1,-0.4) -- ( 1, 0.4); + +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} + diff --git a/docs/makefile b/docs/makefile index c0e8e4d56f169461af19a7154f07867ca806afd3..876cc687e2ca5c6c4393b845e53df6898899fc68 100644 --- a/docs/makefile +++ b/docs/makefile @@ -4,6 +4,12 @@ report.pdf : *.tex force : report.pdf pdflatex report.tex +bib : *.tex bibliography.bib + pdflatex report.tex + bibtex report + pdflatex report.tex + pdflatex report.tex + clean : rm -f *.pdf rm -f *.log diff --git a/docs/report.blg b/docs/report.blg deleted file mode 100644 index 34a47a81b90faf6b3fae66b78548023ed1450d4f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/docs/report.blg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,46 +0,0 @@ -This is BibTeX, Version 0.99d (TeX Live 2015/Arch Linux) -Capacity: max_strings=35307, hash_size=35307, hash_prime=30011 -The top-level auxiliary file: report.aux -The style file: abbrv.bst -Database file #1: bibliography.bib -You've used 1 entry, - 2118 wiz_defined-function locations, - 504 strings with 3885 characters, -and the built_in function-call counts, 383 in all, are: -= -- 35 -> -- 18 -< -- 0 -+ -- 7 -- -- 6 -* -- 33 -:= -- 70 -add.period$ -- 3 -call.type$ -- 1 -change.case$ -- 6 -chr.to.int$ -- 0 -cite$ -- 1 -duplicate$ -- 11 -empty$ -- 29 -format.name$ -- 6 -if$ -- 76 -int.to.chr$ -- 0 -int.to.str$ -- 1 -missing$ -- 1 -newline$ -- 8 -num.names$ -- 2 -pop$ -- 4 -preamble$ -- 1 -purify$ -- 5 -quote$ -- 0 -skip$ -- 7 -stack$ -- 0 -substring$ -- 29 -swap$ -- 1 -text.length$ -- 0 -text.prefix$ -- 0 -top$ -- 0 -type$ -- 4 -warning$ -- 0 -while$ -- 3 -width$ -- 2 -write$ -- 13